22:
315:. Note that the skier's upper body remains pointed down the fall line, and their body moves only a small amount from side to side. Turns are initiated at the tip, and skidding progressively develops—note the amount of snow being thrown off the back of the ski as the turn develops. The skis can be seen to bend into arcs, but these are relatively modest. This is a very different technique from the modern carving turn, where the skis and skier move through smooth arcs.
1007:
997:
235:
on their edges, with the skier's weight and the force they put upon them to change the edge of the skis which turns them across the line of greatest slope. To stop the turn the knee or the body is rotated back to the neutral position until the edge holds and the skidding stops. While both skis take part, in practice the ski on the outside of the turn is dominant.
234:
The skier initiates the turn by moving their knees or the whole body laterally in the direction of the desired turn. The motion of knees is translated through the calf to the high cuffs on the ski boots, to the bindings, and then to the skis. This reduces the edge hold and causes the skis to rotate
198:
Parallel turns require solid contact from the skier's lower leg to the ski to rotate it on-edge. This was difficult to achieve with early ski equipment, limiting the technique to the high performance realm of racing. The introduction of composite skis, metal edges, releasable clamping bindings, and
242:, compensated for by moving the hips in the opposite direction. The effect is to keep the skier's upper body upright while the lower torso and legs shift side-to-side. The skier pressures the front of their skis to keep the fore-and-aft center of gravity of the skier's mass over their toes.
245:
The parallel turn can be improved through dynamic "weighting". Turns are often linked in a series of continual arcs, one direction then the other. Lifting the body through the middle of the switch partially releases the skis arcs, easing the transition to the opposite direction.
226:
The parallel turn relies on two dynamics: releasing the edge hold by reducing the angle between ski and snow surface which makes the front of the ski skid downhill (skidding inwards) and then applying a force to change the edge and make the ski turn across the
180:, which slides the ski outward from the body ("stemming") to generate sideways force. Parallel turns generate much less friction and are more efficient both in maintaining speed and minimizing skier effort.
254:
In the 1990s skis were progressively widened at the tips and tails relative to the waist. Applying an edge of these "shaped" or "parabolic" skis brings a curved surface to the snow, resulting in a
176:
is a method for turning which rolls the ski onto one edge, allowing it to bend into an arc. Thus bent, the ski follows the turn without sliding. It contrasts with earlier techniques such as the
199:
stiff plastic boots combined to allow parallel turns even on beginner equipment. By the late 1960s it rapidly replaced stemming for all but very short-radius turns. The evolution of
340:
51:
210:
Today parallel turns are taught to teach novice skiers the effect of weighting and unweighting their skis. They are still the basic technique for steep hills,
369:
155:
333:
73:
326:
288:
399:
394:
148:
1031:
906:
595:
519:
312:
696:
633:
34:
686:
44:
38:
30:
701:
524:
228:
141:
55:
1010:
966:
293:
961:
934:
460:
752:
681:
114:
828:
600:
555:
465:
364:
289:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120416142507/http://www.youcanski.com/en/coaching/inside_ski.htm
239:
275:
721:
643:
615:
439:
192:
1000:
757:
716:
605:
418:
129:
119:
924:
540:
1025:
896:
864:
772:
762:
623:
585:
504:
489:
470:
379:
177:
173:
124:
978:
956:
777:
673:
648:
590:
560:
545:
509:
434:
353:
215:
188:
973:
793:
737:
444:
406:
99:
901:
891:
855:
803:
767:
711:
663:
653:
638:
550:
411:
306:
255:
204:
941:
929:
874:
869:
835:
818:
742:
706:
658:
475:
211:
104:
318:
916:
886:
840:
813:
798:
580:
951:
946:
845:
808:
691:
628:
514:
200:
184:
349:
89:
305:
An excellent film of the classic parallel technique can be found in
294:
http://www.mechanicsofsport.com/skiing/manoeuvres/parallel_turn.html
881:
322:
823:
15:
915:
854:
786:
730:
672:
614:
573:
533:
497:
488:
453:
427:
387:
378:
43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
183:The parallel turn was invented in the 1930s by
334:
149:
8:
912:
494:
384:
341:
327:
319:
156:
142:
85:
370:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
267:
238:Moving the legs to the side shifts the
88:
7:
14:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
20:
280:, Skiing Heritage 1/1997 p.17.
1:
308:"Classic Short Radius Turns"
1048:
203:in the 1990s advanced the
991:
360:
29:This article includes a
58:more precise citations.
250:Changing the technique
229:line of greatest slope
1011:Category:Snowboarding
231:(skidding outwards).
731:Technique / learning
461:Cross-country skiing
395:Cross-country skiing
498:Olympic disciplines
277:The Blitz Form Kitz
829:List of ski brands
601:Ski mountaineering
556:Para-alpine skiing
466:Backcountry skiing
31:list of references
1032:Skiing techniques
1019:
1018:
987:
986:
569:
568:
534:Other disciplines
484:
483:
365:History of skiing
240:center of gravity
207:to preeminence.
166:
165:
84:
83:
76:
1039:
1009:
1008:
999:
998:
913:
722:Snowboard racing
644:Half-pipe skiing
616:Freestyle skiing
495:
440:Ski orienteering
385:
343:
336:
329:
320:
309:
281:
272:
193:Seefeld in Tirol
158:
151:
144:
86:
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
54:this article by
45:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1001:Category:Skiing
983:
911:
850:
782:
726:
717:Snowboard cross
668:
610:
606:Telemark skiing
565:
529:
480:
449:
423:
419:Nordic combined
374:
356:
347:
307:
302:
285:
284:
273:
269:
264:
252:
224:
162:
120:Snowplough turn
80:
69:
63:
60:
49:
35:related reading
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1003:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
964:
954:
949:
944:
939:
938:
937:
927:
925:Aerial tramway
921:
919:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
878:
877:
867:
861:
859:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
832:
831:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
788:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
732:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
541:Extreme skiing
537:
535:
531:
530:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
501:
499:
492:
486:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
455:
451:
450:
448:
447:
442:
437:
431:
429:
425:
424:
422:
421:
416:
415:
414:
404:
403:
402:
391:
389:
382:
376:
375:
373:
372:
367:
361:
358:
357:
348:
346:
345:
338:
331:
323:
317:
316:
301:
300:External links
298:
297:
296:
291:
283:
282:
266:
265:
263:
260:
251:
248:
223:
220:
164:
163:
161:
160:
153:
146:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
94:
93:
82:
81:
64:September 2015
39:external links
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1044:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1004:
1002:
994:
993:
990:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:Snow grooming
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
866:
865:Dry ski slope
863:
862:
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
774:
773:Ski simulator
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Stem christie
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Parallel turn
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
729:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:Aerial skiing
622:
621:
619:
617:
613:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
586:Indoor skiing
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
572:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
536:
532:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
500:
496:
493:
491:
490:Alpine skiing
487:
477:
474:
472:
471:Roller skiing
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
456:
452:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
430:
426:
420:
417:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
401:
398:
397:
396:
393:
392:
390:
386:
383:
381:
380:Nordic skiing
377:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:
355:
351:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
324:
321:
314:
310:
304:
303:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
279:
278:
271:
268:
261:
259:
257:
249:
247:
243:
241:
236:
232:
230:
221:
219:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
178:stem Christie
175:
174:alpine skiing
171:
170:parallel turn
159:
154:
152:
147:
145:
140:
139:
137:
136:
131:
130:Telemark turn
128:
126:
125:Stem Christie
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
110:Parallel turn
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
96:
95:
91:
87:
78:
75:
67:
57:
53:
47:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
18:
17:
979:Surface lift
957:Gondola lift
778:Skate skiing
747:
674:Snowboarding
591:Night skiing
574:Other skiing
561:Speed skiing
546:Glade skiing
510:Giant slalom
454:Recreational
435:Ski marathon
354:snowboarding
276:
270:
253:
244:
237:
233:
225:
222:Basic action
216:mogul skiing
209:
205:carving turn
197:
189:Anton Seelos
182:
169:
167:
109:
70:
61:
50:Please help
42:
974:Hybrid lift
738:Carved turn
687:Backcountry
596:Ski archery
445:Ski touring
407:Ski jumping
388:Competitive
274:Nick Howe:
201:shaped skis
100:Carved turn
56:introducing
935:detachable
902:Snowmaking
892:Ski tunnel
768:Ski school
758:Snowplough
753:Pivot turn
712:Slopestyle
697:Freeriding
664:Slopestyle
654:Ski ballet
639:Freeskiing
634:Freeriding
551:Heliskiing
412:Ski flying
400:Paralympic
262:References
256:carve turn
187:ski racer
115:Pivot turn
92:techniques
942:Funicular
930:Chairlift
917:Ski lifts
875:Superpipe
870:Half-pipe
858:amenities
836:Snowboard
787:Equipment
743:Jump turn
707:Half-pipe
702:Freestyle
659:Ski cross
476:Skijoring
428:Endurance
212:off piste
105:Jump turn
1026:Category
967:tricable
887:Ski area
794:Bindings
581:Biathlon
525:Combined
520:Downhill
185:Austrian
962:bicable
952:Funitel
947:Funifor
809:Monoski
692:Big air
629:Big air
515:Super-G
313:YouTube
52:improve
856:Resort
804:Helmet
682:Alpine
505:Slalom
350:Skiing
90:Skiing
907:Trail
882:Piste
819:Skins
814:Poles
799:Boots
649:Mogul
191:from
37:, or
841:Suit
824:Skis
352:and
214:and
168:The
846:Wax
311:on
172:in
1028::
258:.
218:.
195:.
41:,
33:,
342:e
335:t
328:v
157:e
150:t
143:v
77:)
71:(
66:)
62:(
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.