1098:
45:
1054:. In contrast, Ramesses I's son and successor, Seti I, assumed the throne five months later after the erection of this stela on III Shemu day 24 which means that Ramesses I had a minimum reign of 17 months (or one year and five months). However, based on a papyrus document published by Robert J. Demarée in a 2023 publication, Demarée argues that Ramesses I's predecessor, Horemheb, died on III Shemu 22 based on evidence in Papyrus Turin Cat. 1898 + Cat. 1937 + Cat. 2094/244, which is a journal diary. If confirmed, this would mean that Ramesses I actually had a reign of approximately two full years since he would have ascended to the throne around III Shemu 23 soon after Horemheb's death on III Shemu 22 and died about two years later around the very same day since Ramesses I's son, Seti I, succeeded his father on III Shemu 24.
1007:
1019:
727:
671:
594:
542:
216:
865:
1097:
44:
1105:
A mummy currently believed to be that of
Ramesses I was displayed in a private Canadian museum for many years before being repatriated. The mummy's identity cannot be conclusively determined, but is most likely to be that of Ramesses I based on CT scans, X-rays, skull measurements and radio-carbon
1070:
states that
Ramesses I's tomb consisted of a single corridor and one unfinished room whose walls, after a hurried coat of plaster, were painted to show the king with his gods, with Osiris allowed a prominent position. The red granite sarcophagus too was painted rather than carved with inscriptions
1057:
Ramesses I's only known action was to order the provision of endowments for the aforementioned Nubian temple at Buhen and "the construction of a chapel and a temple (which was to be finished by his son) at Abydos." The aged
Ramesses was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His tomb, discovered by
1042:'s Aegyptiaca, Manetho assigns this king a reign of 16 months, but this pharaoh certainly ruled Egypt for a minimum of 17 months based on his highest-known date which is a Year 2 II Peret day 20 (Louvre C57) stela which ordered the provision of new endowments of food and priests for the
1029:
Ramesses I enjoyed a brief reign, as evidenced by the general paucity of contemporary monuments mentioning him: the king had little time to build any major buildings in his reign and was hurriedly buried in a small and hastily finished tomb. According to the Jewish historian
1149:
purchased the contents of the museum and, with the help of
Canadian egyptologist Gayle Gibson, identified their great value. In 1999, Jamieson sold the Egyptian artifacts in the collection, including the various mummies, to the
950:
and, ultimately, pharaoh. Since
Horemheb had no surviving children, he ultimately chose Ramesses to be his heir in the final years of his reign presumably because Ramesses I was both an able administrator and had a son
1141:
next to other curiosities for more than 130 years. The mummy was displayed as a "A Prince of Egypt" but despite occasional speculation from visitors that he might be exactly that nothing further was done.
986:, to serve as the Crown Prince and chosen successor. Seti was charged with undertaking several military operations during this time—in particular, an attempt to recoup some of Egypt's lost possessions in
1101:
Fragment of a stela showing Amun enthroned. Mut, wearing the double crown, stands behind him. Both are being offered by
Ramesses I, now lost. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
1110:, as well as aesthetic interpretations of family resemblance. Moreover, the mummy's arms were found crossed high across his chest which was a position reserved solely for Egyptian royalty until 600 BC.
1319:. In: R. Jasnow and K.M. Cooney (Ed.) with the assistance of K.E. Davis, Joyful in Thebes Egyptological Studies in Honor of Betsy M. Bryan (Material and Visual Culture of Ancient Egypt 1), Atlanta.
5327:
5332:
5243:
1653:
982:, and is usually realised as Ramessu or Ramesses, meaning 'Ra bore him'. Already an old man when he was crowned, Ramesses appointed his son, the later pharaoh
942:
Horemheb himself had been a nobleman from outside the immediate royal family, who rose through the ranks of the
Egyptian army to serve as the royal advisor to
1578:
1497:
5258:
5253:
1158:, Georgia for US$ 2 million. The mummy was returned to Egypt on October 24, 2003, with full official honors and is on display at the Luxor Museum.
1129:
who brought it to North
America around 1860. Douglas used to purchase Egyptian antiquities for his friend Sydney Barnett who then placed it in the
5233:
5228:
859:
5347:
5238:
5218:
306:
5223:
5213:
2993:
2781:
5202:
3963:
3679:
2547:
1807:
1781:
1233:
842:, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th Dynasty, and the rule of the powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty, in particular his son
5342:
5322:
1722:
1401:
323:
838:. While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th Dynasty, his brief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of
432:
1168:
1459:
701:
695:
648:
520:
449:
446:
437:
429:
325:
315:
312:
309:
301:
299:
274:
179:
176:
173:
4455:
704:
698:
613:
485:
421:
360:
318:
235:
188:
185:
106:
97:
1006:
692:
565:
563:
426:
424:
5248:
4505:
4232:
4088:
1519:
1434:
1272:
651:
571:
570:
568:
523:
443:
396:
321:
303:
193:
191:
182:
171:
142:
434:
4801:
4591:
4523:
4388:
4255:
4165:
3978:
2096:
1181:
1265:
Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten : die
Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr
4373:
4310:
3593:
1498:
The
Monuments of Seti I and their Historical Significance: Epigraphic, Art and Historical Analysis (PDF) 1998 pp.339-341
49:
Stone head carving of Paramessu (Ramesses I), originally part of a statue depicting him as a scribe; on display at the
5352:
4734:
3843:
3755:
3240:
3017:
3008:
1582:
1126:
916:
827:
803:
50:
1661:
1077:, his son and successor, later built a small chapel with fine reliefs in memory of his deceased father Ramesses I at
1733:
879:
Originally called Pa-ra-mes-su, Ramesses I was of non-royal birth, being born into a noble military family from the
5268:
4563:
3896:
3633:
3460:
3392:
1974:
1086:
5084:
2855:
1133:. At the time, the identity of the mummified man was unknown. The mummy remained in the museum through moves to
5337:
2929:
2700:
2562:
1754:
1151:
963:
1586:
4769:
4684:
4661:
2978:
2840:
2777:
2566:
2366:
2182:
1260:
1134:
5273:
5263:
4811:
4790:
4709:
3623:
3483:
3093:
2727:
2687:
2481:
2423:
2307:
2111:
1774:
1138:
1121:
by the Abd el-Rassul family of grave robbers and sold by Turkish vice-consular agent Mustapha Aga Ayat at
920:
5283:
4759:
4724:
4704:
4694:
4656:
3160:
2514:
975:
873:
3256:
911:, an important state post. This shows the high status of Ramesses' family. Ramesses I found favor with
931:—as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the
4784:
4739:
4112:
3740:
3675:
3528:
3523:
3230:
3225:
3078:
2504:
2292:
2171:
1130:
1082:
991:
990:. Ramesses appears to have taken charge of domestic matters: most memorably, he completed the second
904:
5317:
4774:
4749:
4714:
4651:
4026:
4001:
3205:
3200:
2624:
2055:
65:
636:
508:
5064:
5051:
4628:
3638:
3210:
3185:
2252:
2027:
1560:
1354:
1346:
1199:
1010:
Reliefs from the Abydos chapel of Ramesses I. The chapel was specifically built and dedicated by
1226:
Chronicle of the Pharaohs the reign-by-reign record of the rulers and dynasties of ancient Egypt
5119:
5098:
4992:
4959:
4671:
4006:
3628:
3508:
3130:
3058:
2716:
2519:
2509:
2441:
1767:
1718:
1525:
1515:
1440:
1430:
1407:
1397:
1376:
1303:
1278:
1268:
1239:
1229:
5298:
5125:
4953:
4719:
4473:
4056:
3353:
3249:
3190:
2614:
2594:
1552:
1471:
1338:
1191:
1107:
1059:
892:
775:
5070:
5040:
4999:
4935:
4679:
4609:
4479:
3818:
3473:
3195:
2589:
2227:
2195:
2034:
1187:
1067:
1043:
908:
5278:
5166:
4964:
4925:
4643:
4599:
4468:
3552:
3478:
3308:
3180:
3140:
2888:
2740:
2705:
2695:
2629:
2584:
2466:
2461:
2041:
2020:
1986:
1146:
1118:
1035:
970:, which is usually interpreted as Menpehtyre, meaning "Established by the strength of
5311:
4845:
4744:
4576:
4546:
4222:
4077:
3934:
3803:
3643:
3618:
3568:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3155:
2962:
2893:
2883:
2745:
2499:
2247:
2190:
2143:
1980:
1939:
1682:
1358:
1078:
823:
4930:
4764:
4754:
4729:
4581:
4531:
4490:
4216:
4128:
4016:
3929:
3909:
3828:
3793:
3788:
3613:
3323:
3145:
3135:
3098:
3053:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2863:
2579:
2456:
2265:
2206:
2066:
2013:
1918:
947:
830:. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the timeline of late
1066:, is small in size and gives the impression of having been completed with haste.
5034:
4979:
4830:
4779:
4699:
4571:
4463:
4445:
4403:
4314:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4149:
4133:
4106:
4071:
4061:
3996:
3949:
3939:
3924:
3914:
3861:
3823:
3798:
3778:
3768:
3534:
3518:
3493:
3488:
3288:
3215:
3125:
3108:
3063:
3038:
2972:
2952:
2937:
2919:
2649:
2644:
2451:
2278:
2258:
2072:
2006:
1997:
1881:
1710:
1195:
1145:
When the owner of the museum decided to sell his property, Canadian businessman
1071:
which, due to their hasty preparation, included a number of unfortunate errors.
956:
943:
928:
924:
896:
847:
5151:
5105:
5058:
5013:
4985:
4806:
4689:
4614:
4541:
4430:
4245:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4155:
4143:
4123:
4096:
4066:
4046:
3991:
3944:
3919:
3813:
3783:
3773:
3513:
3313:
3303:
3073:
3068:
3033:
2942:
2914:
2735:
2639:
2634:
2619:
2604:
2412:
2406:
2320:
2048:
1866:
1803:
880:
1529:
1444:
1411:
1282:
1243:
5091:
5006:
4969:
4895:
4889:
4816:
4796:
4513:
4495:
4440:
4420:
4283:
4118:
4101:
4051:
3904:
3871:
3866:
3808:
3607:
3428:
3381:
3293:
3270:
3043:
2909:
2878:
2446:
2272:
2153:
1890:
1476:
1174:
1018:
936:
3333:
1427:
The monuments of Seti I: epigraphic, historical and art historical analysis
895:. His uncle Khaemwaset, an army officer, married Tamwadjesy, the matron of
665:
536:
384:
262:
130:
5161:
5156:
5145:
5112:
5027:
5020:
4974:
4946:
4940:
4905:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4485:
4425:
4268:
4240:
3833:
3763:
3575:
3561:
3541:
3503:
3415:
3360:
3318:
3150:
3120:
3083:
3028:
2873:
2750:
2655:
2599:
2494:
2401:
2395:
2384:
2350:
2234:
2220:
2213:
2200:
2164:
1904:
1031:
912:
839:
835:
831:
78:
17:
5138:
5077:
4920:
4604:
4415:
4409:
4397:
4278:
4273:
4210:
4189:
4034:
3986:
3886:
3876:
3601:
3498:
3468:
3450:
3439:
3422:
3374:
3367:
3298:
3220:
2868:
2676:
2662:
2574:
2525:
2431:
2374:
2325:
2158:
2148:
2128:
2061:
1911:
1790:
1543:
Ranke, Hermann (1939). "Review of The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos".
1155:
1039:
932:
819:
58:
1564:
1350:
5045:
4915:
4552:
4435:
4040:
4011:
3881:
3856:
3648:
3582:
3408:
3401:
3328:
3283:
3277:
3103:
3023:
2609:
2436:
2389:
2343:
2315:
2241:
2119:
2078:
1960:
1925:
1897:
1074:
1011:
995:
983:
952:
888:
884:
869:
843:
765:
88:
864:
1556:
1342:
5131:
4910:
4900:
4878:
4536:
3445:
3433:
3346:
3263:
3114:
3048:
2710:
2532:
2379:
2337:
2331:
2123:
2082:
1953:
1946:
1932:
1715:
Scanning the Pharaohs: CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies
1122:
1114:
1096:
1051:
1022:
1017:
1005:
987:
863:
755:
4883:
4873:
4263:
4138:
3339:
2669:
2489:
2471:
2356:
2138:
2133:
1967:
1514:. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 245.
1063:
1047:
900:
793:
251:
5191:
4308:
3673:
2775:
1801:
1763:
1638:
Gorr, Robbie (Winter 2022–23). "The Pharaoh of Niagara Falls".
1329:
Cruz-Uribe, Eugene (1978). "The Father of Ramses I: OI 11456".
3088:
1686:
959:) to succeed him and thus avoid any succession difficulties.
1759:
971:
676:
628:
547:
501:
407:
285:
155:
1429:. Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill. pp. 289, 300 and 311.
1317:
The Administrators and Notables in Nubia under Tutankhamun
1085:
donated several exquisite reliefs from this chapel to the
1373:
Everyday Life in Egypt in the Days of Ramesses The Great
1460:"Two Papyrus Fragments with Historically Relevant Data"
375:
He who firms Maat throughout the land of the two banks
684:
640:
555:
512:
413:
388:
291:
266:
163:
134:
4844:
4829:
4670:
4642:
4627:
4590:
4562:
4522:
4504:
4454:
4387:
4372:
4339:
4330:
4254:
4231:
4164:
4087:
4025:
3977:
3962:
3895:
3842:
3754:
3739:
3704:
3695:
3592:
3551:
3459:
3391:
3239:
3007:
2992:
2928:
2902:
2854:
2839:
2806:
2797:
2726:
2686:
2561:
2546:
2480:
2422:
2365:
2306:
2291:
2181:
2110:
2095:
1996:
1880:
1865:
1832:
1823:
799:
789:
781:
771:
761:
751:
612:
484:
359:
234:
105:
84:
74:
64:
57:
32:
966:, or royal name. When transliterated, the name is
1579:"U.S. Museum to Return Ramses I Mummy to Egypt"
978:, or personal name. This is transliterated as
1775:
1194:. Lee had previously played Ramses' grandson
8:
1606:
1228:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 140.
5328:Pharaohs of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1755:Ramesses I: The search for the Lost Pharaoh
1387:
1385:
1255:
1253:
891:. He was a son of a troop commander called
868:Pharaoh Ramses I making an offering before
121:Mighty bull, he who rejuvenates the royalty
5333:Viziers of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5188:
4841:
4639:
4384:
4336:
4327:
4305:
3974:
3751:
3701:
3692:
3670:
3004:
2851:
2803:
2794:
2772:
2558:
2303:
2107:
1877:
1829:
1820:
1798:
1782:
1768:
1760:
688:
644:
559:
516:
417:
392:
295:
270:
167:
138:
102:
43:
29:
1654:"Canada's favourite mummy hunter returns"
1475:
1219:
1217:
27:Founding pharaoh of 19th dynasty of Egypt
1545:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1213:
962:Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a
860:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
152:
1618:
974:". However, he is better known by his
1263:; Zabern, Verlag Philipp von (1997).
915:, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous
7:
1510:Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (1992).
1177:, as the Pharaoh of the Oppression.
1113:The mummy had been stolen from the
1734:"Signs & Wonders upon Pharaoh"
1394:Ramesses: Egypt's greatest pharaoh
919:, who appointed the former as his
25:
1683:"Egypt's 'Ramses' mummy returned"
1396:. Penguin Books. pp. 37–38.
1585:. April 30, 2003. Archived from
1190:, as the Pharaoh encountered by
883:region, perhaps near the former
725:
669:
592:
540:
214:
1741:The University of Chicago Press
1331:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1267:. Mainz am Rhein. p. 190.
1106:dating tests by researchers at
935:of a generation earlier, under
834:is frequently cited as well as
250:He who appears as a king, like
923:. Ramesses also served as the
1:
5348:Art and cultural repatriation
4802:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
1014:in memory of his late father.
955:) and a grandson (the future
620:
492:
367:
242:
113:
1093:Rediscovery and repatriation
70:1292–1290 BC or 1295–1294 BC
4735:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1717:. Oxford University Press.
1458:Demarée, Robert J. (2023).
500:Eternal is the Strength of
51:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
5369:
3634:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3018:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2782:Second Intermediate Period
1512:A history of ancient Egypt
1298:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
1087:Metropolitan Museum of Art
857:
716:
679:
583:
550:
486:Prenomen (Praenomen)
460:
410:
335:
288:
205:
158:
5296:
5198:
5187:
5085:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4775:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
4326:
4304:
3691:
3680:Third Intermediate Period
3669:
2793:
2771:
1819:
1808:First Intermediate Period
1797:
1392:Tyldesley, Joyce (2001).
1224:Clayton, Peter A (2012).
683:
619:
554:
491:
412:
366:
290:
241:
162:
112:
94:
42:
37:
5343:Ancient Egyptian mummies
5323:13th-century BC pharaohs
4797:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3054:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1812: (<3150–2040 BC)
1732:Wilson, John A. (1964).
1713:; Saleem, Sahar (2016).
1607:Hawass & Saleem 2016
1464:Rivista del Museo Egizio
1152:Michael C. Carlos Museum
998:, begun under Horemheb.
903:, who was a relative of
4770:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4685:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2979:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
1477:10.29353/rime.2023.5078
1425:Brand, Peter J (2000).
1154:at Emory University in
1135:Niagara Falls, New York
1062:in 1817 and designated
4812:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4791:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4785:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4740:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4710:Arsinoe III Philopator
3624:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3094:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3034:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2625:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1296:Rice, Michael (1999).
1186:, he was portrayed by
1139:Niagara Falls, Ontario
1102:
1026:
1015:
876:
4760:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4725:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4705:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4700:Berenice II Euergetes
4695:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4657:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3166:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3161:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2515:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1261:Beckerath, Jürgen von
1162:Portrayals in fiction
1100:
1021:
1009:
874:Allard Pierson Museum
867:
812:Menpehtyre Ramesses I
5193:Dynastic genealogies
4817:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4113:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4027:High Priests of Amun
3529:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3231:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3226:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3079:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2786: (2040–1550 BC)
2505:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1658:Niagara Falls Review
1170:The Ten Commandments
1131:Niagara Falls Museum
1083:John Pierpont Morgan
1050:within the Egyptian
4715:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4652:Alexander the Great
3684: (1550–664 BC)
3206:Mershepsesre Ini II
3201:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2595:Neferkare IV Khendu
1583:National Geographic
1173:, he was played by
818:) was the founding
5353:People from Avaris
5052:Trebonianus Gallus
3639:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3257:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3211:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3186:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2615:Neferkare V Tereru
2585:Neferkare III Neby
2253:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1689:. October 26, 2003
1198:in the miniseries
1180:In the miniseries
1103:
1027:
1016:
917:Eighteenth Dynasty
877:
247:Kha m neswt mj jtm
118:Kanakht Wadj neswt
5305:
5304:
5292:
5291:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5099:Claudius Gothicus
4993:Severus Alexander
4960:Septimius Severus
4825:
4824:
4623:
4622:
4368:
4367:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4007:Osorkon the Elder
3958:
3957:
3735:
3734:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3629:Nubkheperre Intef
3509:Sekhemre Shedwast
3131:Sehetepkare Intef
3059:Semenkare Nebnuni
2988:
2987:
2835:
2834:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2542:
2541:
2520:Netjerkare Siptah
2442:Neferirkare Kakai
2287:
2286:
2091:
2090:
1861:
1860:
1642:. pp. 28–32.
1315:Kawai, N., 2015:
1052:fortress of Buhen
1038:which translated
907:, the viceroy of
809:
808:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
733:
732:
720:
719:
712:
711:
708:
707:
660:
659:
656:
655:
631:has fashioned him
608:
607:
604:
603:
600:
599:
587:
586:
579:
578:
575:
574:
531:
530:
527:
526:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
464:
463:
458:
457:
454:
453:
404:
403:
400:
399:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
339:
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
282:
281:
278:
277:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
209:
208:
201:
200:
197:
196:
150:
149:
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
5360:
5299:List of pharaohs
5189:
4954:Pescennius Niger
4842:
4838:
4837:
4750:Ptolemy IX Soter
4720:Cleopatra I Syra
4640:
4636:
4635:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4337:
4328:
4321:
4320:
4306:
4057:Djedkhonsuefankh
3975:
3971:
3970:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3722:
3717:
3702:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3671:
3264:Qareh Khawoserre
3250:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3191:Mersekhemre Ined
3005:
3001:
3000:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2773:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2108:
2104:
2103:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1830:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1799:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:History Magazine
1635:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1389:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1326:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1221:
1183:In the Beginning
1147:William Jamieson
1108:Emory University
1060:Giovanni Belzoni
729:
728:
689:
685:
677:
673:
672:
666:
645:
641:
637:
621:
596:
595:
560:
556:
548:
544:
543:
537:
517:
513:
509:
493:
418:
414:
408:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
372:Smn m3't khetawy
368:
296:
292:
286:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
243:
218:
217:
168:
164:
156:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:
114:
103:
47:
30:
21:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5338:1290s BC deaths
5308:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5288:
5194:
5171:
5071:Macrianus Minor
5000:Maximinus Thrax
4936:Marcus Aurelius
4835:
4834:
4833:
4821:
4680:Ptolemy I Soter
4666:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4619:
4586:
4558:
4518:
4500:
4480:Psammetichus IV
4450:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4364:
4342:
4333:
4322:
4319:(664 BC–313 AD)
4318:
4317:
4288:
4250:
4227:
4223:Menkheperre Ini
4160:
4083:
4021:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3891:
3838:
3819:Neferneferuaten
3745:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3715:
3714:Pharaohs
3707:
3698:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3653:
3588:
3547:
3474:Sobekhotep VIII
3455:
3387:
3235:
3196:Sewadjkare Hori
2998:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2924:
2898:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2809:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2755:
2722:
2682:
2590:Djedkare Shemai
2552:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2476:
2418:
2361:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2177:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2087:
1992:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1835:
1826:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1793:
1788:
1751:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1711:Hawass, Zahi A.
1709:
1706:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1211:
1188:Christopher Lee
1164:
1095:
1068:Joyce Tyldesley
1004:
862:
856:
846:, and grandson
785:1290 or 1294 BC
747:
746:
726:
670:
652:
627:
593:
569:
564:
541:
499:
433:
425:
374:
324:
322:
302:
300:
249:
215:
192:
172:
120:
100:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5310:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5167:Maximinus Daza
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4926:Antoninus Pius
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4836:(30 BC–313 AD)
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4600:Artaxerxes III
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4471:
4469:Petubastis III
4466:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4406:
4401:
4393:
4391:
4382:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4324:
4323:
4309:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3964:3 Intermediate
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3749:
3746:(1550–1070 BC)
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3479:Neferhotep III
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3309:Sewadjkare III
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3278:Maaibre Sheshi
3274:
3271:'Ammu Ahotepre
3267:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Merhotepre Ini
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Sobekhotep III
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3002:
2999:(1802–1550 BC)
2994:2 Intermediate
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2889:Mentuhotep III
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2846:(2040–1802 BC)
2841:Middle Kingdom
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2791:
2790:
2778:Middle Kingdom
2776:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Neferkare VIII
2738:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2706:Nebkaure Khety
2703:
2698:
2696:Meryibre Khety
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Neferkamin Anu
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2556:
2553:(2181–2040 BC)
2548:1 Intermediate
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2467:Djedkare Isesi
2464:
2462:Menkauhor Kaiu
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2298:(2686–2181 BC)
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2102:(3150–2686 BC)
2097:Early Dynastic
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:External links
1747:
1746:
1745:
1729:
1723:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1674:
1645:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1589:on May 2, 2003
1570:
1557:10.2307/594071
1551:(2): 272–274.
1535:
1520:
1502:
1500:by Peter Brand
1490:
1450:
1435:
1417:
1402:
1381:
1364:
1343:10.1086/372654
1337:(3): 237–244.
1321:
1308:
1288:
1273:
1249:
1235:978-0500286289
1234:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1178:
1163:
1160:
1119:Deir el-Bahari
1094:
1091:
1036:Contra Apionem
1034:, in his book
1003:
1000:
855:
852:
807:
806:
801:
797:
796:
791:
787:
786:
783:
779:
778:
773:
769:
768:
763:
759:
758:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
723:
721:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
681:
680:
674:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
649:
633:
632:
617:
616:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
566:
552:
551:
545:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
505:
504:
489:
488:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
467:
465:
462:
461:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
430:
427:
422:
411:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
377:
376:
364:
363:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
342:
340:
337:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
289:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
255:
254:
239:
238:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
212:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
160:
159:
153:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
123:
122:
110:
109:
101:
98:Royal titulary
96:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
62:
61:
55:
54:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5365:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5190:
5186:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Cleopatra III
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:Nepherites II
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4358:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4078:Psusennes III
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3969:(1069–664 BC)
3965:
3961:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Ramesses VIII
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Amenhotep III
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3644:Seqenenre Tao
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:Sobekemsaf II
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:Wepwawetemsaf
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Merneferre Ay
3174:
3172:
3171:Wahibre Ibiau
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Sobekhotep IV
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Amenemhat III
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2894:Mentuhotep IV
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Mentuhotep II
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Wahkare Khety
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Neferkare VII
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Seth-Peribsen
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Hotepsekhemwy
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:Double Falcon
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:(pre-3150 BC)
1868:
1867:Protodynastic
1864:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1804:Protodynastic
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1724:9789774166730
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1664:on 2017-12-04
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1621:, p. 74.
1620:
1615:
1612:
1609:, p. 32.
1608:
1603:
1600:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1403:9780140280975
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:James Douglas
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1089:in New York.
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:of Ramesses I
1024:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
996:Karnak Temple
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
933:Amarna heresy
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
871:
866:
861:
853:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:ancient Egypt
821:
817:
813:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
764:
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724:
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700:
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690:
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635:
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630:
626:
623:
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611:
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582:
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519:
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428:
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419:
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409:
406:
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390:
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379:
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365:
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343:
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320:
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308:
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298:
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287:
284:
273:
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141:
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108:
104:
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93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5057:
5050:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4952:
4945:
4931:Lucius Verus
4888:
4789:
4765:Berenice III
4755:Cleopatra IV
4730:Cleopatra II
4662:Alexander IV
4582:Nectanebo II
4551:
4532:Nepherites I
4491:Artaxerxes I
4478:
4408:
4396:
4379:(664–332 BC)
4359:
4315:Roman Period
4217:Shoshenq VII
4215:
4188:
4148:
4129:Shoshenq III
4111:
4076:
4039:
4017:Psusennes II
3930:Ramesses VII
3910:Ramesses III
3851:
3794:Amenhotep II
3789:Thutmose III
3725:
3614:Sobekemsaf I
3606:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3540:
3533:
3438:
3421:
3416:'Aper-'Anati
3414:
3407:
3400:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3324:Sekheperenre
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3146:Neferhotep I
3136:Seth Meribre
3113:
3099:Djedkheperew
3016:
2977:
2968:Amenemhat IV
2958:Senusret III
2948:Amenemhat II
2864:Mentuhotep I
2826:
2715:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2580:Neferkare II
2531:
2524:
2457:Nyuserre Ini
2411:
2394:
2349:
2342:
2330:
2271:
2266:Neferkasokar
2264:
2257:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2170:
2163:
2071:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2014:Finger Snail
2012:
2005:
1985:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1852:
1740:
1714:
1704:Bibliography
1691:. Retrieved
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1657:
1648:
1639:
1614:
1602:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1573:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1511:
1505:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1467:
1463:
1453:
1426:
1420:
1393:
1372:
1371:P. Montert,
1367:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1300:. Routledge.
1297:
1291:
1264:
1225:
1200:
1182:
1169:
1167:In the film
1144:
1112:
1104:
1073:
1056:
1028:
1002:Reign length
979:
967:
961:
941:
899:'s Harem of
878:
836:1295–1294 BC
832:1292–1290 BC
828:19th Dynasty
815:
811:
810:
804:19th Dynasty
624:
496:
371:
361:Golden Horus
246:
117:
5035:Gordian III
4980:Diadumenian
4780:Cleopatra V
4634:(332–30 BC)
4629:Hellenistic
4572:Nectanebo I
4464:Cambyses II
4446:Psamtik III
4404:Tefnakht II
4206:Takelot III
4201:Osorkon III
4196:Shoshenq VI
4150:Pedubast II
4134:Shoshenq IV
4107:Shoshenq II
4072:Pinedjem II
4062:Menkheperre
3997:Psusennes I
3950:Ramesses XI
3940:Ramesses IX
3925:Ramesses VI
3915:Ramesses IV
3862:Ramesses II
3824:Tutankhamun
3799:Thutmose IV
3779:Thutmose II
3769:Amenhotep I
3741:New Kingdom
3676:New Kingdom
3535:Senusret IV
3519:Dedumose II
3494:Nebiriau II
3489:Nebiryraw I
3484:Mentuhotepi
3289:Khakherewre
3216:Merkheperre
3126:Imyremeshaw
3109:Sedjefakare
3064:Sehetepibre
3039:Ameny Qemau
2973:Sobekneferu
2953:Senusret II
2938:Amenemhat I
2920:Iyibkhentre
2650:Neferirkare
2645:Neferkauhor
2452:Shepseskare
2293:Old Kingdom
2279:Khasekhemwy
2259:Neferkara I
2228:Weneg-Nebty
2073:Scorpion II
1619:Wilson 1964
1483:25 November
1375:, 1974, p.
1196:Ramesses II
1115:Royal Cache
1081:. In 1911,
957:Ramesses II
944:Tutankhamun
925:High Priest
897:Tutankhamun
887:capital of
848:Ramesses II
75:Predecessor
5318:Ramesses I
5312:Categories
5152:Diocletian
5106:Quintillus
5059:Aemilianus
5014:Gordian II
4986:Elagabalus
4807:Arsinoe IV
4690:Arsinoe II
4615:Darius III
4542:Psammuthes
4431:Psamtik II
4246:Bakenranef
4184:Pedubast I
4179:Takelot II
4174:Harsiese A
4156:Osorkon IV
4144:Shoshenq V
4124:Osorkon II
4097:Shoshenq I
4067:Smendes II
4047:Pinedjem I
3992:Amenemnisu
3945:Ramesses X
3920:Ramesses V
3872:Amenmesses
3852:Ramesses I
3814:Smenkhkare
3784:Hatshepsut
3774:Thutmose I
3524:Montuemsaf
3514:Dedumose I
3314:Nebdjefare
3304:Merdjefare
3074:Nedjemibre
3069:Sewadjkare
2943:Senusret I
2915:Qakare Ini
2736:Meryhathor
2640:Neferkaure
2635:Qakare Iby
2620:Neferkahor
2605:Neferkamin
2413:Thamphthis
2407:Shepseskaf
2321:Sekhemkhet
2172:Horus Bird
2049:Scorpion I
1693:2008-04-13
1668:2017-05-17
1593:2008-04-13
1521:0631174729
1436:9004117709
1274:3805323107
1209:References
968:mn-pḥty-rʿ
881:Nile Delta
858:See also:
497:Menpehtyre
236:Nebty name
107:Horus name
33:Ramesses I
5284:Ptolemaic
5092:Gallienus
5007:Gordian I
4970:Caracalla
4896:Vespasian
4890:Vitellius
4672:Ptolemaic
4514:Amyrtaeus
4496:Darius II
4441:Ahmose II
4421:Psamtik I
4360:uncertain
4348:Pharaohs
4284:Tanutamun
4119:Takelot I
4102:Osorkon I
4052:Masaharta
4002:Amenemope
3905:Setnakhte
3867:Merneptah
3809:Akhenaten
3726:uncertain
3608:Nebmaatre
3429:Sakir-Har
3382:Yaqub-Har
3294:Nebefawre
3044:Hotepibre
2910:Segerseni
2879:Intef III
2827:uncertain
2815:Pharaohs
2447:Neferefre
2273:Hudjefa I
2154:Semerkhet
1891:Hedju Hor
1853:uncertain
1841:Pharaohs
1530:872585819
1445:247341737
1412:932221233
1359:162197658
1283:932193922
1244:869729880
1175:Ian Keith
937:Akhenaten
625:Ra-messes
85:Successor
38:Menophres
18:Paramessu
5244:21 to 23
5162:Galerius
5157:Maximian
5146:Numerian
5113:Aurelian
5065:Valerian
5028:Balbinus
5021:Pupienus
4975:Macrinus
4947:Pertinax
4941:Commodus
4906:Domitian
4869:Claudius
4864:Caligula
4859:Tiberius
4854:Augustus
4474:Darius I
4426:Necho II
4269:Shebitku
4241:Tefnakht
3834:Horemheb
3764:Ahmose I
3576:Pantjeny
3562:Senebkay
3542:Pepi III
3504:Bebiankh
3361:Shenshek
3319:Nebsenre
3151:Sihathor
3121:Khendjer
3084:Renseneb
3029:Nerikare
2874:Intef II
2751:Merykare
2656:Wadjkare
2600:Merenhor
2495:Userkare
2402:Menkaure
2396:Bikheris
2385:Djedefre
2351:Qahedjet
2235:Wadjenes
2221:Horus Sa
2214:Nubnefer
2201:Nynetjer
2165:Sneferka
1905:Ni-Neith
1791:Pharaohs
1032:Josephus
980:rʿ-ms-sw
964:prenomen
913:Horemheb
840:Horemheb
762:Children
79:Horemheb
5139:Carinus
5120:Tacitus
5078:Quietus
4921:Hadrian
4605:Khabash
4436:Wahibre
4416:Necho I
4410:Nekauba
4398:Ammeris
4341:Dynasty
4279:Taharqa
4274:Shabaka
4211:Rudamun
4190:Iuput I
4035:Herihor
3987:Smendes
3887:Twosret
3877:Seti II
3721:female)
3706:Dynasty
3602:Rahotep
3499:Semenre
3469:Djehuti
3451:Khamudi
3440:Yanassi
3423:Salitis
3375:Yakareb
3368:Khamure
3299:Sehebre
3221:Merkare
2869:Intef I
2808:Dynasty
2717:Imhotep
2677:Iytjenu
2663:Khuiqer
2575:Menkare
2526:Neferka
2510:Pepi II
2432:Userkaf
2326:Sanakht
2149:Anedjib
2129:Hor-Aha
2062:Iry-Hor
2056:Shendjw
2028:Pen-Abu
1912:Hat-Hor
1834:Dynasty
1156:Atlanta
1125:to Dr.
1040:Manetho
854:Origins
820:pharaoh
800:Dynasty
752:Consort
59:Pharaoh
5279:Argead
5126:Probus
5046:Decius
5041:Philip
4916:Trajan
4644:Argead
4553:Muthis
4506:XXVIII
4486:Xerxes
4354:female
4332:Period
4041:Piankh
4012:Siamun
3882:Siptah
3857:Seti I
3697:Period
3649:Kamose
3583:Snaaib
3553:Abydos
3409:Semqen
3402:Sharek
3354:Sheneh
3334:'Apepi
3329:Bebnum
3284:Nehesy
3104:Sebkay
3024:Sonbef
2821:female
2799:Period
2610:Nikare
2500:Pepi I
2437:Sahure
2390:Khafre
2375:Snefru
2344:Sedjes
2316:Djoser
2242:Senedj
2120:Narmer
2079:Narmer
1961:Wazner
1926:Hsekiu
1898:Ny-Hor
1847:female
1825:Period
1721:
1565:594071
1563:
1528:
1518:
1443:
1433:
1410:
1400:
1357:
1351:544684
1349:
1281:
1271:
1242:
1232:
1192:Joseph
1079:Abydos
1075:Seti I
1044:temple
1012:Seti I
984:Seti I
953:Seti I
921:vizier
889:Avaris
885:Hyksos
870:Osiris
844:Seti I
816:Ramses
790:Burial
772:Father
766:Seti I
89:Seti I
5132:Carus
4911:Nerva
4901:Titus
4879:Galba
4846:XXXIV
4831:Roman
4610:Arses
4537:Hakor
4456:XXVII
4166:XXIII
3756:XVIII
3716:(male
3446:Apepi
3434:Khyan
3347:Wazad
3115:Wegaf
3049:Iufni
2903:Nubia
2711:Setut
2533:Nefer
2380:Khufu
2338:Khaba
2332:Nebka
2196:Nebra
2124:Menes
2083:Menes
2035:Stork
1998:Upper
1954:Neheb
1947:Thesh
1933:Khayu
1882:Lower
1737:(PDF)
1561:JSTOR
1355:S2CID
1347:JSTOR
1201:Moses
1123:Luxor
1023:Mummy
992:pylon
988:Syria
976:nomen
756:Sitre
614:Nomen
66:Reign
4965:Geta
4884:Otho
4874:Nero
4592:XXXI
4577:Teos
4524:XXIX
4389:XXVI
4374:Late
4351:male
4311:Late
4264:Piye
4233:XXIV
4139:Pami
4089:XXII
3678:and
3594:XVII
3340:Nuya
3009:XIII
2818:male
2780:and
2670:Khui
2567:VIII
2490:Teti
2472:Unas
2357:Huni
2159:Qa'a
2139:Djet
2134:Djer
2042:Bull
2021:Fish
1987:Wash
1968:Mekh
1844:male
1719:ISBN
1526:OCLC
1516:ISBN
1485:2023
1441:OCLC
1431:ISBN
1408:OCLC
1398:ISBN
1279:OCLC
1269:ISBN
1240:OCLC
1230:ISBN
1137:and
1064:KV16
1048:Ptah
946:and
909:Kush
901:Amun
893:Seti
814:(or
794:KV16
782:Died
776:Seti
252:Atum
4564:XXX
4313:to
4256:XXV
3979:XXI
3844:XIX
3461:XVI
3241:XIV
3089:Hor
2930:XII
2563:VII
2308:III
2144:Den
1940:Tiu
1806:to
1687:BBC
1553:doi
1472:doi
1377:197
1339:doi
1304:165
1302:p.
1117:in
1046:of
994:at
929:Set
927:of
905:Huy
826:'s
822:of
5314::
5274:31
5269:30
5264:27
5259:26
5254:25
5249:24
5239:20
5234:19
5229:18
5224:12
5219:11
3897:XX
3829:Ay
3393:XV
2856:XI
2688:IX
2482:VI
2367:IV
2207:Ba
2183:II
2122:/
2081:/
2067:Ka
1919:Pu
1739:.
1685:.
1656:.
1626:^
1581:.
1559:.
1549:59
1547:.
1524:.
1470:.
1466:.
1462:.
1439:.
1406:.
1384:^
1353:.
1345:.
1335:37
1333:.
1277:.
1252:^
1238:.
1216:^
972:Ra
948:Ay
939:.
872:,
850:.
629:Re
502:Re
5214:4
5210:3
5207:2
5203:1
2728:X
2565:/
2424:V
2112:I
2007:A
1975:A
1783:e
1776:t
1769:v
1743:.
1727:.
1696:.
1671:.
1596:.
1567:.
1555::
1532:.
1487:.
1474::
1468:7
1447:.
1414:.
1379:.
1361:.
1341::
1306:.
1285:.
1246:.
1204:.
951:(
450:)
440:(
20:)
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