1010:
693:, who practice pacifism. Throughout the 19th century, pressure increased from the Russian government to culturally assimilate. Many Germans from Russia found it necessary to emigrate to avoid conscription and preserve their culture. This caused some Germans to organize themselves and send emissaries to some countries in the Americas in order to assess potential settlement destinations. The chosen destinations were Canada, United States, Brazil and Argentina. Most Volga Germans who settled in Latin America were
48:
1159:"After the house search, tell everyone who is scheduled to be deported that, according to the government's decision, they are being sent to other regions of the USSR. Transport the entire family in one car until the train station, but at the station, heads of families must be loaded into a separate train car prepared especially for them. Their families are deported for special settlements in the far away regions of the Union. must not know about the forthcoming separation from the head of the family."
736:
1170:(NKVD labor army). The deported and enslaved Germans coined this phrase, whereas Soviet documents only referred to "labor obligations" or "labor regulations." Men between the ages of 15 and 55 and, later, women between the ages of 16 and 45 were forced to do labor in the forests and mines of Siberia and Central Asia under conditions similar to that prevalent in the Gulag forced labor camps, while other Germans were directly deported to Gulag forced labor camps.
289:
163:
135:
191:
233:
219:
149:
576:
261:
205:
1135:, to command this operation. He also allocated NKVD and Red Army troops to carry out the transfer. The Germans were to be sent to various oblasts (provinces) in Siberia, Kazakhstan and others, beginning on September 3, and ending on September 20, 1941. On September 7, 1941, the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was officially abolished, clearly showing that the Soviets considered the expulsion of the Germans final.
177:
247:
121:
309:
107:
275:
76:
587:
94:
1306:
634:, Catherine the Great published manifestos in 1762 and 1763 inviting non-Jewish Europeans to immigrate and become Russian subjects and farm Russian lands while maintaining their language and culture. Although the first received little response, the second improved the benefits offered and was more successful in attracting colonists. People in other countries such as
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1147:
876:
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transfers of the Volga German population, an astounding figure when one considers that the Soviet Union was heavily engaged fighting the advancing German army, and all railway stock was required to bring soldiers to the front. This operation also involved 1,550 NKVD and 3,250 police agents assisted by 12,150 soldiers of the Red Army.
1108:
Of all of the ethnic German communities which lived in the Soviet Union, the Volga
Germans represented the largest group of ethnic Germans which was expelled from its historical homeland. All of their possessions were confiscated and they were mainly deported because of their ethnicity. Shortly after
1959:
The above list only attempts to reproduce the pronunciation and does not represent how the Volga
Germans wrote. The dialects of the Germans of Russia mainly presented differences in pronunciation, as occurs in the diversity of the English language. However, Volga Germans wrote and kept their records
1173:
The expulsion of the Volga
Germans was finished on schedule at the end of September 1941. According to the Soviet Union, the total number sent to forced internal exile was about 950,000. However, the actual estimated number of victims is much higher. It took 151 train convoys to accomplish the first
1000:
Today, 8% of the
Argentine population or 3.5 million Argentines claim German ancestry. Of those, more than 2.5 million claim Volga German descent, making them the majority of those having German ancestry in the country, and accounting for 5.7% of the total Argentine population. Descendants of Volga
1126:
issued a resolution on August 12, calling for the expulsion of the entire ethnic German population. With this authority, Beria on August 27 issued an order entitled "On
Measures for Conducting the Operation of Resettling the Germans from the Volga German Republic, Saratov, and Stalingrad Oblasts",
1138:
On August 28, 1941, the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved and published a decree, which was the only official decree ever published by the Soviet Union concerning the deportation and exile of the German Russian community. The Soviet regime stated that the evacuation was a
1121:
to the Volga German
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to determine a course of action for its German inhabitants, as a way of carrying out collective revenge on the civilian population. On return, they recommended the deportation of the entire German population. Consequently, the
1139:
preventive measure so that the German population would not be misled into collaborating with the German Army rather than a punitive measure, and they did not reveal the sentence to the forced labor camps. Stalin allegedly gave the following "secret" order to the NKVD, produced in
1200:, during the first stage, about one-third (estimated at 1.5 million) did not survive the camps. The conditions imposed on ethnic Germans by the regime continued to be inhumane. The deportation and subsequent deaths to ethnic minorities during Stalin's rule is referred to as an
689:) when they settled in the Russian empire, the Russian monarchy gradually eroded their specific rights as time went on. The Germans began to suffer a considerable loss of autonomy. Conscription was eventually reinstated. That was not wanted and was especially harmful to the
1240:(about 16,000 or 0.064%). Decades after the war, some talked about resettling where the German Autonomous Republic used to be. But all their properties had been occupied by Russian communists. They met opposition from the new population there and did not persevere.
1247:. The proposal was aimed at addressing the living conditions of the displaced Volga Germans. At the time, around 936,000 ethnic Germans were living in Kazakhstan, as the republic's third-largest ethnic group. On June 16, 1979, demonstrators in Tselinograd (
649:
Those who went to Russia had special rights under the terms of the manifesto. Some, such as being exempt from military service, were revoked in the latter part of the 19th century when the government needed more conscripts for the
Russian army. The
1208:, though there is debate whether or not the destruction of non-Russians was intentional. Ethnically German minorities received little empathy for mass expulsions due to their German ethnicity and assumed relation to the
455:
3651:
Koch, page 238: "even nationals like
Scandinavians, Frenchmen, Italians, and Englishmen among the colonists became submerged and lost ethnically in the highly dominant Rhineland culture and dialects."
1123:
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936:). Additionally, many of the Volga Germans who had previously settled in Brazil later also went to settle in Argentina due to the difficulties of planting wheat in Brazil, among other reasons.
4217:
4200:
2012:
4424:
1163:
This above document may be a fabrication, as Latvia was under German occupation at that time. Nevertheless, the instructions were followed by the NKVD troops who directed the deportation.
841:, based in North Dakota. By author Richard Sallet's count, there were 118,493 descendants of Volga Germans of the first and second generation living in the United States according to the
1220:
The Volga
Germans never returned to the Volga region in their old numbers. They were not allowed to settle in the area for decades. After World War II, many survivors remained in the
2728:
Levchuk, Nataliia; Wolowyna, Oleh; Rudnytskyi, Omelian; Kovbasiuk, Alla; Kulyk, Natalia (May 2020). "Regional 1932–1933 Famine Losses: A Comparative Analysis of Ukraine and Russia".
2324:
2052:
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503:
Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the 18th century, they were allowed to maintain their German culture, language, traditions and churches (Lutheran, Reformed, Catholics,
2017:
1072:
1026:
535:
4916:
1009:
959:, etc. Every year, the community of Volga German descendants holds different celebrations in the country in which they keep their traditions alive. For example, the
1140:
3923:
3300:
3154:
539:
4952:
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1079:
819:, which they had practiced in Russia. Many of the immigrants who arrived between 1870 and 1912 spent a period doing farm labor, especially in northeastern
3933:
3101:
1101:
These deportations, which also included the deportation of the rest of the ethnic Germans from Russia, had been implemented for several years before
3851:
Waters, Tony. "Towards a theory of ethnic identity and migration: the formation of ethnic enclaves by migrant Germans in Russia and North America."
3928:
1068:
547:
2281:
4957:
1293:), especially Volga Germans from other parts of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as to the Volga Germans' old territory in southern Russia near
4594:
3814:
2982:
2542:
4972:
4962:
4832:
4388:
865:
4837:
4438:
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4947:
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2712:
2465:
2417:
1392:
1317:
1310:
3023:
4559:
4107:
3965:
3473:
3406:
2923:
2898:
2490:
2173:
2148:
3749:
3351:
3238:
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3447:
3129:
2940:
2102:
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to all those who can prove to be a refugee or expellee of German ethnic origin or as the spouse or descendant of such a person.
3277:[Gabriel Heinze: The son of Titina and the spunk of a people] (in Spanish). Estación Plus. 14 June 2010. Archived from
1297:. This tempo increased after Germany stopped granting the free right of return to ethnic Germans from the former Soviet Union.
1282:
555:
4802:
3639:
3616:
2267:
2057:
Paralelo32 | Paralelo32 te brinda noticias e información fehaciente, las 24 hs. del día, de Crespo, la región y el país
1001:
Germans outnumber descendants of Germans from Germany itself, who number one million in Argentina (2.3% of the population).
3915:
1185:
No. 35105) banned ethnic Germans from serving in the Soviet military. They sent tens of thousands of these soldiers to the
4627:
4408:
4047:
3715:. For this delicacy the watermelons would be picked late in the season when they were not too ripe and would remain firm.
2306:
2616:
Wheatcroft, Stephen (December 1996). "The scale and nature of German and Soviet repression and mass killings, 1930–451".
1982:
The Standard German-related variety influenced by dialects and spoken by Volgan Germans who moved to Argentina is called
4937:
1402:
2214:
1567:
884:
812:
4807:
3304:
2053:"Día del alemán del Volga en la Argentina: Más de 2,5 millones de personas de esta descendencia celebran hoy su día"
658:
communities were opposed to military service because of their pacifist beliefs, so many Mennonites emigrated to the
4977:
4584:
4265:
3939:
Elaine Frank Davison Germans from Russia collection at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
2282:"Todo listo para la 6° edición de la "Füllsen Fest: por la simpleza de mi gente" – Municipalidad de Coronel Suárez"
1342:
1022:
697:. Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the nations shared their religion.
3162:
1285:
in 1991 and the independence of the Baltic states, some Russian ethnic Germans began to return to the area of the
4863:
4507:
4456:
4064:
2140:
1559:
888:
842:
4403:
3727:, volume 4 (Verlag A. Schendl), page 49: "Grün wie Schnee / Weiß wie Klee / Rot wie Blut / Schmeckt sehr gut. (
3220:
1556:
448:
2508:"Secret criminal proceedings against the last Volga German government during the years 1944-46 | WorldCat.org"
3184:
4708:
4270:
670:
470:
1563:
4328:
4163:
4150:
3873:
1995:
1275:
1046:
952:
4640:
2325:"Alemanes del Volga. Dejaron Rusia y en Entre Ríos fundaron varias aldeas donde celebran sus tradiciones"
2253:
1243:
A proposal in June 1979 called for a new German Autonomous Republic within Kazakhstan, with a capital in
4858:
4696:
4338:
4333:
4313:
3958:
1562:
to which the colonists from other regions, and even from other countries like Sweden, assimilated. Some
944:
880:
4720:
4684:
4282:
3907:
2791:
1420:
4657:
3422:
1979:"watermelon"), which they carried with them on their subsequent moves to North America and Argentina.
4742:
4674:
4662:
4451:
4145:
2602:
1360:
1110:
722:
4880:
939:
In Argentina, Volga Germans have founded many colonies or villages. For example, around the city of
4827:
4701:
4667:
4542:
4353:
4318:
2294:
1548:
1492:
1452:
1446:
1166:
The reason for separating the men is that they were all destined to be sent to forced labor camps,
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905:
837:
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595:
579:
367:
47:
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2705:
Stalin's Gulag at War : Forced Labour, Mass Death, and Soviet Victory in the Second World War
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4527:
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4123:
4095:
4059:
3844:
Salitan, Laurie P. "Soviet Germans: A Brief History and an Introduction to Their Emigration." in
3106:
2872:
2837:
2763:
Pohl, J. Otto (April 2016). "The Persecution of Ethnic Germans in the USSR during World War II".
2745:
2685:
2648:
2390:
2007:
1458:
1286:
1259:, the ruling Communist Party scrapped the proposal for ethnic German autonomy within Kazakhstan.
1196:
or had been sent to the Gulag forced labor camps. According to anti-communist Stanford historian
1193:
1118:
800:
531:
294:
168:
140:
4488:
3197:
2442:
1154:, one of the GULAG forced labor camps where many Germans from Russia were enslaved and perished.
2239:
4601:
4537:
4517:
4512:
4461:
4446:
4393:
4365:
4348:
4292:
4232:
4227:
4133:
3810:
3635:
3612:
3402:
2978:
2965:
Chambers, Brooke B.; Savelsberg, Joachim J. (31 March 2020). "Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing".
2919:
2894:
2708:
2538:
2515:
2486:
2461:
2413:
2382:
2169:
2144:
2027:
1991:
1498:
1324:
956:
948:
940:
915:
911:
828:
768:
690:
655:
643:
508:
415:
387:
196:
3578:
2974:
685:. Although they had been promised a degree of relative autonomy (including being exempt from
4817:
4797:
4775:
4679:
4589:
4574:
4564:
4547:
4502:
4494:
4466:
4370:
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4210:
4183:
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4088:
3951:
3938:
3553:
3196:
2970:
2864:
2829:
2772:
2737:
2675:
2625:
2438:
2434:
2374:
2070:
1552:
1476:
1201:
1038:
933:
925:
796:
740:
716:
712:
461:
359:
351:
338:
238:
575:
4635:
4532:
4522:
4483:
4155:
4069:
4052:
4025:
3877:
3027:
1961:
1482:
1338:
1332:
1271:
1212:. There is debate among sociologists and historians whether ethnic cleansing is genocide.
1197:
1114:
1030:
816:
681:
At the end of the 19th century, the Russian empire began to apply an aggressive policy of
627:
504:
489:
436:
346:
330:
224:
154:
3668:
3477:
3327:"Institute for Research of Expelled Germans -- 10,000,000+ civilians deported AFTER WWII"
1014:
3760:
3355:
3249:
2254:"El cronograma completo de la Kreppelfest | Municipalidad del Partido de Olavarría"
642:
were more inclined to migrate to the colonies in the Americas. Other countries, such as
4275:
4260:
4237:
4193:
4159:
4100:
3997:
2032:
1414:
1372:
1221:
1091:
694:
619:
266:
210:
4931:
4730:
4613:
4188:
4167:
4013:
3383:[People from Mainz don't go to Frankfurt] (in German). spox.com. 25 June 2009
2817:
2749:
2689:
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2110:
1522:
1504:
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1436:
1320:
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808:
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682:
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623:
512:
182:
2841:
2394:
2307:"Entre Ríos: Crespo celebra la Fiesta Provincial del Pirok | Fiestas y Caminos"
1270:, but many more emigrated permanently to Germany. They took advantage of the German
1090:
and even in arctic locations. The Soviets, bearing in mind the collaboration of the
17:
4579:
4081:
3924:
The Golden Jubilee of German-Russian Settlements of Ellis and Rush Counties, Kansas
1528:
1516:
1430:
1426:
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1354:
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1263:
1102:
1095:
966:
861:
849:
764:
686:
651:
551:
543:
423:
252:
2365:
Pohl, J. Otto (1 June 2000). "Stalin's genocide against the "Repressed Peoples"".
3660:
546:, the republic was abolished by the Soviet government and the Volga Germans were
4909:
4357:
3807:
Voices from the Gulag: The Oppression of the German Minority in the Soviet Union
3736:
3239:"TRANSCRIPT for PODCASTS GOVERNOR JIM GERINGER : Interviewed by Mark Junge"
3102:"Jean Bethke Elshtain, a Guiding Light for Policy Makers After 9/11, Dies at 72"
2999:"United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect"
1570:, another Palatine Rhine Franconian language; in either dialect, one could say:
1532:
1348:
1232:(1.4% of today's Kazakh population are recognized as Germans - around 200,000),
1209:
752:
586:
485:
379:
126:
3326:
1098:, decided as a precautionary measure to transfer the Volga German population.
727:
4713:
4650:
4074:
3525:
3075:
3049:
2680:
2663:
2629:
1510:
1408:
1384:
1378:
1366:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1132:
1105:
and they became particularly exhaustive on September 3, 1941, during the war.
1087:
835:
fields. Colonies kept in touch with each other through newspapers, especially
832:
395:
314:
112:
2535:
The Volga Germans : in Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the present
2386:
1192:
In 1942, nearly all the able-bodied German population was conscripted to the
747:
Germans from Russia were the most traditional of German-speaking arrivals to
511:). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many Volga Germans emigrated to the
4471:
4004:
2519:
1388:
1294:
1151:
921:
892:
804:
788:
524:
403:
280:
81:
2855:
Long, James W. (October 1992). "The Volga Germans and the Famine of 1921".
2458:
ANTARCTICA AND THE SECRET SPACE PROGRAM from wwii to the current space race
1316:
1305:
771:). A smaller number moved farther west, finding employment as ranchers and
3846:
Politics and Nationality in Contemporary Soviet-Jewish Emigration, 1968–89
3499:
2664:"Soviet Germans and Soviets Living in Germany during the Second World War"
1251:) protested this proposal. Fearing a negative reaction among the majority
864:. In Saskatchewan, many settled in the predominantly German settlement of
4735:
4725:
3809:. Lincoln, Nebraska: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia.
3192:
2022:
1244:
1205:
869:
857:
820:
784:
767:
was known as "the German-Russian triangle" (that includes descendants of
760:
673:, which was centred on the Volga area, to raid Volga German settlements.
603:
3887:
2741:
2189:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4757:
4747:
3974:
3832:
The Volga Germans: in Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the present
3609:
The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present
3530:
2776:
1411:(1908–1965), German chess player who became woman's champion of the US.
1256:
1252:
1225:
1083:
994:
853:
824:
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639:
631:
611:
599:
559:
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481:
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2507:
2378:
1146:
875:
4873:
4868:
4645:
4552:
3903:
Germans from Russia Heritage Collection North Dakota State University
1248:
1182:
1045:) was established in 1924, and it lasted until 1941. Its capital was
929:
792:
772:
756:
635:
520:
516:
99:
3725:
Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Volkskunde der Universität Wien
1967:
Volga Germans only borrowed a few but anecdotal Russian words, like
2868:
2833:
1590:(in English:) We would like to go into the beautiful yellow church.
1473:(born 1984 or 1985), American software engineer and labor activist.
4689:
1544:
1145:
1076:
1008:
874:
734:
726:
585:
574:
3902:
3699:
Journal of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia
1067:
The deportation of the Volga Germans was the Soviet government's
723:
Ellis County, Kansas § English and Russian-German immigrants
4885:
4752:
3943:
3892:
2967:
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice
2240:"¡Feliz Kerb Pueblo San José! – Municipalidad de Coronel Suárez"
1178:
1128:
848:
In Canada, the largest groups settled mainly in the area of the
780:
776:
615:
3947:
3870:
3705:
2941:"What's the difference between genocide and ethnic cleansing?"
3301:"Ibáñez Holzmann, Óscar Manuel | Volga German Institute"
3130:"Joe Exotic's Family History Could Be Its Own Netflix Series"
731:
Temporary quarters for Volga Germans in central Kansas, 1875.
3865:
3701:, volumes 15-16, (1992), page 46: Who could ever forget the
1574:(spelled according to standard German pronunciation rules:)
27:
18th-century German immigrants to the Volga region of Russia
3871:
The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University
3275:"Gabriel Heinze: El hijo de Titina y la garra de un pueblo"
2792:"Why Stalin ordered the forced relocation of ethnic groups"
2013:
History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union
1035:
Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen
3934:
German Memories - Volga Germans Migration Towards Americas
1455:(born 1966), Kyrgyz-born German football player and coach.
1439:(born 1946), American musician, original bassist with the
1013:
Ethnic Germans from the Volga region at a refugee camp in
3401:
Russian: Раушенбах, Б.В., "Пристрастие", М, Аграф, 1997,
3050:"Harold William "Indian Joe" Bauer, WW2 Marine Corps ace"
1363:(1941–2013), American political philosopher and academic.
2568:
2566:
2537:. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
1585:
Wir wollen einmal gern in die schöne gelbe Kirche gehen.
1266:, some ethnic Germans have returned in small numbers to
3897:
3448:"House Labor & Workplace Standards Committee - TVW"
1513:(born 1988), German Internet celebrity active in China.
3882:
883:
and Germany in front of St. Joseph Catholic Church in
2790:
Manaev, Georgy; Guzeva, Alexandra (8 December 2020).
1577:
Mehr wolla mohl gaern in die sche gehl Kaerrich geha.
1423:(born 1967), Argentine-born Peruvian football player.
1071:
of the whole of the Volga German population from the
475:
1543:
The greatest number of Volga Germans emigrated from
739:
Volga German pioneer family commemorative statue in
4900:
4846:
4768:
4626:
4437:
4417:
4381:
4301:
4253:
4116:
4040:
4033:
4024:
3981:
3024:"Anschutz, Philip F. | Volga German Institute"
2433:Arnold, Klaus J.; Duffy, Eve M. (23 January 2011).
1375:(born 1984), German singer, dancer and entertainer.
409:
373:
323:
305:
90:
72:
67:
57:
38:
3898:American Historical Society of Germans from Russia
3866:The Volga German Institute at Fairfield University
2512:American Historical Society of Germans from Russia
751:. In the United States, many settled primarily in
3474:"Schnittke, Alfred | Volga German Institute"
2410:Stalin's war : a new history of World War II
2018:Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1073:Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1027:Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
538:was established as an autonomous republic of the
3683:"The Volga German dialect and where is it now?"
550:to a number of areas in the hinterlands of the
3352:"Meisner, Randy | Volga German Institute"
2893:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1993.
2412:(First ed.). New York City: Basic Books.
2071:"Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity"
1990:. It is also spoken in the Brazilian state of
1461:, (1915–2001), scientist, physicist in Russia.
1335:(born 1939), American billionaire businessman.
4611:
3959:
3423:"Eduard Rossel Ergartovich, photo, biography"
3381:""Als Mainzer geht man nicht nach Frankfurt""
3375:
3373:
1974:
1429:(born 1948), Russian politician, governor of
484:who settled and historically lived along the
8:
4907:
4079:
4011:
3995:
3988:
2916:Genocide : a comprehensive introduction
1968:
1946:
1939:
1927:
1920:
1908:
1901:
1889:
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1851:
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1806:
1794:
1787:
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1693:
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1671:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1611:
1583:
1575:
1449:(born 1988), Russian-German football player.
1054:
33:
4917:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
3779:"52-ACB-h Auswanderungsdeutsch (notional)"
1507:(1935–2019), Uzbek artist and art restorer.
1204:. Some historians refer to these acts as a
626:, Empress of Austria and Hungary, inviting
4037:
4030:
3966:
3952:
3944:
3908:Germans from Russia in Argentina Genealogy
2668:Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
1531:(born 1952), Bishop of Transfiguration at
46:
32:
3579:"Unrein, Sergio | Volga German Institute"
2679:
2443:10.23943/princeton/9780691140421.003.0004
2097:
2095:
1994:in addition to the Argentine province of
1262:Since the late 1980s and the fall of the
558:in 1991, many Volga Germans emigrated to
3848:( Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992) pp 72–83.
3627:
3625:
3554:"Unrein, Mitch | Volga German Institute"
2818:"The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing"
2707:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1596:
1387:(born 1958), Russian-born Dutch-British
1357:(1949–2020), Argentine singer-songwriter
1315:
1304:
1124:Central Committee of the Communist Party
4497:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
4491:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
3603:
3601:
3599:
2599:Ethnic cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949
2483:Ethnic cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949
2044:
1525:(born 1991), Argentine football player.
1417:(born 1978), Argentine football player.
1369:(born 1963), American former Zoo owner.
3731:, so nannten die Rußlanddeutschen die
3502:[In memory of Alvina Shpady].
2975:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.594
2584:
2572:
2557:
1519:(born 1987), American football player.
1301:Notable people of Volga German descent
1177:In 1941, after the Nazi invasion, the
3128:Mendelsohn, Jennifer (2 April 2020).
665:In the late 18th century the nomadic
447:
7:
3883:Germans from Russia Heritage Society
2485:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
920:Germans from Russia also settled in
590:Volga German cities and settlements.
68:Regions with significant populations
3526:"这里是中国，对面竟然是俄罗斯？！ 【德国家庭的中国俄羅斯边境之旅】"
2918:(3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
1501:(born 1999), Russian racing driver.
1255:and calls for autonomy among local
985:(also promoted by its Spanish name
763:by 1900. The south-central part of
3157:[Latest news of the day].
2662:Kalandarov, Artur (1 April 2019).
1953:Krautkuche, potatoes, and sausage
1401:(born 1944), American politician,
25:
3785:"52-ACB-hmb paraná-wolga-deutsch"
1351:(born 1947), American politician.
1127:assigning the deputy head of the
606:, Pomerania, deposed her husband
3929:Germans from Russia in Argentina
3100:Vitello, Paul (15 August 2013).
2939:Quran, Layla (24 October 2017).
1948:Krautkuche, Kartoffeln und Wurst
1485:(born 1990), American singer of
1467:(born 1937), Russian politician.
1323:was the governor (1995–2009) of
1113:, on June 22, 1941, Stalin sent
307:
287:
273:
259:
245:
231:
217:
203:
189:
175:
161:
147:
133:
119:
105:
92:
74:
3839:The Germans of the Soviet Union
2816:Martin, Terry (December 1998).
1941:Grautgoge, Gahdovil und Vorscht
1381:(born 1962), American musician.
628:Germans to settle on the Danube
556:dissolution of the Soviet Union
4953:Germany–Soviet Union relations
3853:International Migration Review
3534:(in Chinese). 12 November 2017
3076:"The Ancestors of Tom Daschle"
1495:(born 1985), Kazakh footballer
1479:(1934–1998), Russian composer.
1276:policy that grants citizenship
622:throne. Following the lead of
571:Invitation to settle in Russia
488:in the region of southeastern
1:
3632:Germany and the Americas: O-Z
3185:"Family History - Tim Gaines"
2822:The Journal of Modern History
2168:. ibidem-Verlag. p. 43.
3161:(in Russian). Archived from
2367:Journal of Genocide Research
2164:Pohl, Jonathan Otto (2022).
1283:collapse of the Soviet Union
39:
4973:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
4963:Ethnic cleansing of Germans
4398:Alsatians and Lotharingians
3759:(in German). Archived from
3750:"INDO-EUROPEAN phylosector"
3248:. June 2009. Archived from
3221:"Andre Geim – Biographical"
2460:. ADVENTURES UNLIMITED PR.
2190:"Volga Germans in Portland"
1973:("watermelon" from Russian
1922:Geest Du hamn Du bayza Boop
476:
4994:
3782:"52-ACB-hm wolga-deutsch"
3506:(in Russian). 24 June 2019
2166:The Years of Great Silence
2141:W. W. Norton & Company
1929:Gehst Du heim Du böser Bub
1311:Nobel laureate in Physics.
909:
903:
815:. They often succeeded in
720:
710:
704:
4948:German diaspora in Europe
4943:German diaspora in Russia
3834:(Penn State Press, 2010).
3583:www.volga.domains.unf.edu
3558:www.volga.domains.unf.edu
2681:10.20429/aujh.2019.090105
2643:Conquest, Robert (1970).
2630:10.1080/09668139608412415
2456:CHILDRESS, DAVID (2020).
1975:
1719:(that has been) sat down
1594:Some other common words:
1560:Rhine Franconian dialects
1042:
843:1920 United States census
602:princess and a native of
465:
449:[ˈvɔlɡaˌdɔɪ̯t͡ʃə]
414:
378:
328:
62:
45:
4958:Germany–Russia relations
3711:? The Germans call them
2703:Bell, Wilson T. (2018).
2506:Krieger, Viktor (2005).
2137:Semites and Anti-Semites
1403:30th Governor of Wyoming
1141:German controlled Latvia
1059:in German) before 1931.
965:(festival to honour the
868:, including the town of
4968:Ethnic groups in Russia
4418:Multinational dimension
3805:Merten, Ulrich (2015).
3155:"Последние новости дня"
2891:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2408:McMeekin, Sean (2021).
2268:"Diarionuevodia.com.ar"
1143:on September 20, 1941:
1094:of Czechoslovakia with
1017:, Germany, early 1920s.
775:. They also settled in
4908:
4612:
4339:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4080:
4012:
3996:
3989:
3500:"Памяти Альвины Шпады"
3074:Reitwiesner, William.
2533:Koch, Fred C. (1977).
2481:Pohl, J. Otto (1999).
2435:"Reluctant Accomplice"
2352:Stalin: Man of History
2311:fiestasycaminos.com.ar
2215:"To the United States"
1969:
1947:
1940:
1928:
1921:
1909:
1902:
1890:
1883:
1871:
1864:
1852:
1845:
1833:
1826:
1814:
1807:
1795:
1788:
1776:
1769:
1757:
1750:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1713:
1706:
1694:
1682:
1672:
1660:
1652:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1612:
1584:
1576:
1341:(1908–1942), American
1328:
1313:
1161:
1155:
1082:which were located in
1055:
1034:
1018:
896:
895:(Volga German colony).
889:Coronel Suárez Partido
744:
732:
646:, forbade emigration.
591:
583:
440:
3681:Conrad Derring, Roy.
3665:Über unsere Mundarten
3189:Tim Gaines - Official
2295:Fiestasnacionales.org
1564:Volga German dialects
1319:
1308:
1157:
1149:
1012:
987:Fiesta de la Carneada
947:, around the city of
945:Buenos Aires Province
881:Buenos Aires Province
878:
738:
730:
721:Further information:
589:
578:
500:nearer to the south.
410:Related ethnic groups
52:Flag of Volga Germans
4838:United Arab Emirates
4146:Transylvanian Saxons
3757:www.linguasphere.org
3703:eigemachte [
2914:Jones, Adam (2017).
2730:Nationalities Papers
2603:Greenwood Publishing
2437:. pp. 246–366.
1986:Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch
1934:Go home you bad boy
1858:Where are you going
1566:are very similar to
1361:Jean Bethke Elshtain
1043:АССР Немцев Поволжья
955:, along the East of
879:Flags of Argentina,
743:by Pete Felten, 1976
671:Pugachev's Rebellion
18:Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch
4938:Volga German people
4425:Central and Eastern
4329:Italy (South Tyrol)
3766:on 31 December 2005
3667:, originally 1923 (
3480:on 11 February 2017
3409:. Available online
3358:on 11 February 2017
3331:expelledgermans.org
3307:on 11 February 2017
3246:Wyospcr.state.wy.us
3201:on 26 February 2022
3030:on 11 February 2017
2742:10.1017/nps.2019.55
2618:Europe-Asia Studies
2113:on 12 February 2010
1493:Heinrich Schmidtgal
1150:Aerial view of the
953:Entre Ríos Province
906:Germans from Russia
866:St. Joseph's Colony
838:Der Staats Anzeiger
707:Germans from Russia
580:Catherine the Great
477:povolzhskiye nemtsy
35:
4570:Pennsylvania Dutch
3876:2008-09-03 at the
3841:(Routledge, 2007).
3255:on 27 October 2014
3107:The New York Times
2777:10.1111/russ.12075
2765:The Russian Review
2645:The Nation Killers
2350:Grey, Ian (1979).
2331:. 14 December 2021
2028:Russian Mennonites
2008:Kazakhstan Germans
1568:Pennsylvania Dutch
1459:Boris Rauschenbach
1329:
1314:
1289:(formerly part of
1287:Kaliningrad Oblast
1194:NKVD labor columns
1156:
1131:, (secret police)
1063:Soviet deportation
1023:Russian Revolution
1019:
969:of a colony), the
897:
745:
733:
669:took advantage of
592:
584:
532:October Revolution
295:Kaliningrad Oblast
169:Chelyabinsk Oblast
141:Novosibirsk Oblast
4978:German minorities
4925:
4924:
4896:
4895:
4433:
4432:
4233:Russian Mennonite
3816:978-0-692-60337-6
3454:. 18 January 2022
3411:www.pravbeseda.ru
2984:978-0-19-026407-9
2651:. pp. 59–61.
2544:978-0-271-01933-8
2379:10.1080/713677598
1957:
1956:
1910:Frohes Neues Jahr
1499:Robert Shwartzman
1325:Sverdlovsk Oblast
1309:Andre Geim, 2010
1069:forcible transfer
957:La Pampa Province
934:German Brazilians
926:German Argentines
916:German Brazilians
912:German Argentines
829:Yellowstone River
769:Black Sea Germans
548:forcibly expelled
544:World War II
536:Volga German ASSR
474:
429:
428:
416:Black Sea Germans
388:Roman Catholicism
197:Sverdlovsk Oblast
16:(Redirected from
4985:
4913:
4864:Papua New Guinea
4702:Kapitaï and Koba
4668:Kapitaï and Koba
4617:
4495:Los Lagos Region
4477:British Columbia
4085:
4038:
4031:
4017:
4001:
3992:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3945:
3920:
3912:
3855:(1995): 515-544.
3837:Mukhina, Irina.
3820:
3792:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3754:
3746:
3740:
3735:, Teresa Hardt,
3722:
3716:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3672:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3643:
3629:
3620:
3605:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3476:. Archived from
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3419:
3413:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3354:. Archived from
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3303:. Archived from
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3243:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3195:. Archived from
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3026:. Archived from
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2624:(8): 1319–1353.
2613:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2219:Volgagermans.org
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2194:Volgagermans.net
2186:
2180:
2179:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2099:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2049:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1950:
1943:
1931:
1924:
1915:Happy New Year!
1912:
1905:
1893:
1886:
1874:
1867:
1855:
1848:
1836:
1829:
1817:
1810:
1798:
1791:
1779:
1772:
1760:
1753:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1716:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1675:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1615:
1597:
1587:
1579:
1477:Alfred Schnittke
1453:Peter Neustädter
1447:Roman Neustädter
1202:ethnic cleansing
1058:
1044:
997:festival), etc.
991:Fiesta del Pirok
943:in the South of
827:along the lower
811:in California's
741:Victoria, Kansas
717:German Canadians
713:German Americans
620:Russian imperial
554:. Following the
479:
469:
467:
466:поволжские немцы
459:
458:
457:
451:
446:
313:
311:
310:
293:
291:
290:
279:
277:
276:
265:
263:
262:
251:
249:
248:
239:Volgograd Oblast
237:
235:
234:
223:
221:
220:
209:
207:
206:
195:
193:
192:
181:
179:
178:
167:
165:
164:
153:
151:
150:
139:
137:
136:
125:
123:
122:
111:
109:
108:
98:
96:
95:
80:
78:
77:
58:Total population
50:
36:
21:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4892:
4842:
4764:
4622:
4489:Los Ríos Region
4429:
4413:
4377:
4302:Southern Europe
4297:
4271:North Schleswig
4254:Northern Europe
4249:
4112:
4053:Sudeten Germans
4020:
3977:
3972:
3918:
3910:
3878:Wayback Machine
3862:
3827:
3825:Further reading
3817:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3723:
3719:
3697:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3661:de:Georg Dinges
3659:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3630:
3623:
3606:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3281:on 7 April 2014
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3165:on 22 June 2016
3153:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2597:Pohl, J. Otto.
2596:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2329:Lanacion.com.ar
2323:
2322:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2078:Perepis-2010.ru
2073:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2004:
1985:
1984:
1962:Standard German
1903:Fro-uh Nigh Yor
1877:I'm going home
1603:Standard German
1541:
1483:Kendall Schmidt
1339:Harold W. Bauer
1333:Philip Anschutz
1303:
1218:
1198:Robert Conquest
1111:German invasion
1092:Sudeten Germans
1065:
1007:
918:
908:
902:
817:dryland farming
795:(especially in
725:
719:
709:
703:
679:
618:, and took the
573:
568:
490:European Russia
454:
453:
452:
444:
349:
308:
306:
288:
286:
274:
272:
260:
258:
246:
244:
232:
230:
225:Orenburg Oblast
218:
216:
204:
202:
190:
188:
176:
174:
162:
160:
155:Kemerovo Oblast
148:
146:
134:
132:
120:
118:
106:
104:
93:
91:
75:
73:
53:
41:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4881:German Samoans
4878:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4492:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4409:United Kingdom
4406:
4401:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4382:Western Europe
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4276:Potato Germans
4273:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4211:North Caucasus
4208:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4153:
4148:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4117:Eastern Europe
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4048:Czech Republic
4044:
4042:
4041:Central Europe
4035:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3998:Reichsdeutsche
3993:
3990:Bundesdeutsche
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:Wolgadeutschen
3913:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3868:
3861:
3860:External links
3858:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3830:Koch, Fred C.
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3815:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3741:
3717:
3691:
3673:
3653:
3644:
3621:
3607:Fred C. Koch,
3595:
3570:
3545:
3517:
3504:Fergana Agency
3491:
3465:
3439:
3427:persona.rin.ru
3414:
3394:
3369:
3343:
3318:
3292:
3266:
3230:
3225:nobelprize.org
3212:
3176:
3146:
3120:
3092:
3066:
3041:
3015:
2990:
2983:
2957:
2931:
2924:
2906:
2899:
2882:
2869:10.2307/131043
2863:(4): 510–525.
2857:Russian Review
2847:
2834:10.1086/235168
2828:(4): 813–861.
2808:
2782:
2771:(2): 284–303.
2755:
2736:(3): 492–512.
2720:
2714:978-1487523091
2713:
2695:
2654:
2635:
2608:
2589:
2587:, p. 170.
2577:
2575:, p. 168.
2562:
2560:, p. 167.
2550:
2543:
2525:
2498:
2491:
2473:
2467:978-1948803205
2466:
2448:
2425:
2419:978-1541672796
2418:
2400:
2373:(2): 267–293.
2357:
2354:. p. 504.
2342:
2316:
2298:
2287:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2231:
2206:
2181:
2174:
2156:
2149:
2143:. p. 61.
2133:Lewis, Bernard
2124:
2091:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:Baltic Germans
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1896:I'm not going
1894:
1891:Ich gehe nicht
1887:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1868:
1865:Eisch gee hamn
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:Wohin gehst Du
1849:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1735:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1691:
1688:other dialects
1668:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1631:
1628:other dialects
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1580:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1418:
1415:Gabriel Heinze
1412:
1406:
1396:
1393:Nobel laureate
1385:Sir Andre Geim
1382:
1376:
1373:Helene Fischer
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1345:fighter pilot.
1336:
1302:
1299:
1222:Ural Mountains
1217:
1214:
1064:
1061:
1021:Following the
1006:
1003:
941:Coronel Suárez
904:Main article:
901:
898:
813:Central Valley
705:Main article:
702:
699:
678:
675:
572:
569:
567:
564:
427:
426:
412:
411:
407:
406:
376:
375:
371:
370:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
303:
302:
299:
298:
297:
284:
270:
267:Saratov Oblast
256:
242:
228:
214:
211:Krasnodar Krai
200:
186:
172:
158:
144:
130:
116:
88:
87:
84:
70:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4990:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:Dar es Salaam
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4614:Colonia Tovar
4610:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4565:United States
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4261:Baltic states
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4015:
4014:Volksdeutsche
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3975:German people
3969:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Volga Germans
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:] Erbusen
3707:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:5-7784-0020-9
3404:
3398:
3395:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3055:
3054:acepilots.com
3051:
3045:
3042:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2925:9781138823846
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2900:0-8020-3995-2
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2797:
2796:Russia Beyond
2793:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2492:0-313-30921-3
2488:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2175:9783838216300
2171:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2150:0-393-31839-7
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:Eisch gee nit
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:Ich gehe heim
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:Good Morning
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:his (dative)
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:some dialects
1674:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:some dialects
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1582:(in German:)
1581:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:Sergio Unrein
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:Alvina Shpady
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:Big Time Rush
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:Cher Scarlett
1469:
1466:
1465:Eduard Rossel
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:Randy Meisner
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
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4082:Walddeutsche
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3911:(in Spanish)
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3806:
3799:Bibliography
3768:. Retrieved
3761:the original
3756:
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3163:the original
3159:Topnews24.ru
3158:
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3028:the original
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2945:PBS NewsHour
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2111:the original
2106:
2082:. Retrieved
2080:(in Russian)
2077:
2065:
2056:
2047:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1958:
1834:Guten Morgen
1700:flesh, meat
1687:
1677:
1627:
1617:
1600:Volga German
1593:
1551:, and spoke
1542:
1529:Joseph Werth
1517:Mitch Unrein
1486:
1431:Tomsk Oblast
1427:Viktor Kress
1421:Óscar Ibáñez
1399:Jim Geringer
1355:Sergio Denis
1291:East Prussia
1280:
1264:Soviet Union
1261:
1242:
1219:
1216:Recent years
1191:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1137:
1107:
1103:World War II
1100:
1096:Nazi Germany
1066:
1056:Kosakenstadt
1050:
1020:
1015:Schneidemühl
1005:20th century
999:
990:
986:
983:Schlachtfest
982:
978:
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970:
967:patron saint
960:
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862:Saskatchewan
850:Great Plains
847:
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765:North Dakota
746:
687:conscription
680:
677:19th century
664:
652:Plautdietsch
648:
596:Catherine II
593:
552:Soviet Union
540:Russian SFSR
529:
502:
432:
430:
424:Don Cossacks
419:
399:
391:
383:
363:
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350:In America:
342:
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253:Tomsk Oblast
30:Ethnic group
4910:Ostsiedlung
4859:New Zealand
4833:Philippines
4675:Ivory Coast
4560:Puerto Rico
4513:El Salvador
4404:Netherlands
4358:Gottscheers
4158:(including
4108:Switzerland
3737:Urdinarrain
3669:online copy
3510:13 December
3259:12 November
3205:11 November
3169:11 November
3113:11 November
3059:11 November
2585:Merten 2015
2573:Merten 2015
2558:Merten 2015
2199:11 November
2117:11 November
2084:12 November
1846:Vo geest Du
1533:Novosibirsk
1349:Tom Daschle
1210:Nazi regime
1049:, known as
979:Füllselfest
975:Strudelfest
971:Kreppelfest
753:the Dakotas
486:Volga River
329:In Europe:
127:Omsk Oblast
4932:Categories
4823:Kyrgyzstan
4813:Kazakhstan
4714:Afrikaners
4508:Costa Rica
4472:Hutterites
4334:Yugoslavia
4314:Azerbaijan
4223:Bessarabia
3982:Historical
3770:12 January
3640:1851096280
3617:0271012366
3588:20 January
3563:20 January
3484:8 February
3458:20 January
3432:20 January
3362:8 February
3336:20 January
3311:7 February
3285:7 February
3085:7 February
3034:7 February
3008:29 January
3003:www.un.org
2950:29 January
2801:29 January
2039:References
1996:Entre Ríos
1549:Palatinate
1511:Afu Thomas
1409:Sonja Graf
1379:Tim Gaines
1367:Joe Exotic
1281:Since the
1238:Uzbekistan
1234:Kyrgyzstan
1230:Kazakhstan
1133:Ivan Serov
1088:Kazakhstan
910:See also:
833:sugar beet
801:Washington
711:See also:
691:Mennonites
654:-speaking
614:prince in
530:After the
509:Mennonites
445:pronounced
368:Portuguese
315:Kazakhstan
113:Altai Krai
4854:Australia
4607:Venezuela
4590:Palatines
4538:Nicaragua
4518:Guatemala
4447:Argentina
4228:Black Sea
4174:Satu Mare
4134:Black Sea
4005:Palatines
3538:27 August
3139:6 October
3080:Wargs.com
2750:216306759
2690:150376063
2649:Macmillan
2387:1462-3528
2103:"Stat.kz"
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1433:, Russia.
1391:and 2010
1389:physicist
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1295:Volgograd
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1168:Trudarmee
1152:Vorkutlag
922:Argentina
893:Argentina
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789:Minnesota
662:instead.
656:Mennonite
610:, born a
608:Peter III
598:, born a
594:In 1762,
542:. During
525:Argentina
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324:Languages
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4503:Colombia
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4354:Slovenia
4319:Bulgaria
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761:Nebraska
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660:Americas
380:Lutheran
374:Religion
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3531:YouTube
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4206:Volga
4189:Regat
4160:Banat
3764:(PDF)
3753:(PDF)
3729:Erbus
3686:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
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2873:JSTOR
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2746:S2CID
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1970:Erbus
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