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built between 477 and 495 AD is one of the few surviving protective parapet walls from antiquity. Built onto the side of
Sigiriya Rock it ran for a distance of approximately 250 meters and provided protection from inclement weather. Only about one hundred metres of this wall exists today, but brick
643:; see Chap VII. Orwell frequently speaks of parapets and includes any obstruction planned or temporary including those made of hastily shoveled soil, sandbags of dirt, piles of stones, etc., made during 1936ā37 trench warfare when he was a militia soldier in the
85:'chest/breast'). Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a
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can be decorated with various miniature pavilions, according to the KÄmikÄgama. In the Bible the
Hebrews are obligated to build a parapet on the roof of their houses to prevent people falling (Deuteronomy 22:8).
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are required to have a parapet, a portion of the wall extending above the roof. The parapet is required to be as fire resistant as the lower wall, and extend a distance prescribed by building code.
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or fire-step so that defending infantry could shoot over the top. The top of the parapet often slopes towards the enemy to enable the defenders to shoot downwards; this incline is called the
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331:) prevent users from falling off where there is a drop. They may also be meant to restrict views, to prevent rubbish passing below, and to act as
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Embattled parapets may be panelled, but are pierced, if not purely as stylistic device, for the discharge of defensive projectiles.
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debris and grooves on the rock face along the western side of the rock clearly show where the rest of this wall once stood.
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as a fire risk. Instead an 18-inch brick parapet was required, with the roof set behind. This was continued in many
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93:. Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily used as
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361:, parapets are defined as a sub-category of "vehicle restraint systems" or "pedestrian restraint systems".
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houses, as it gave the appearance of a flat roof which accorded with the desire for classical proportions.
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or square, and more or less enriched, but not perforated. These are common in the
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when temporary) is a wall of stone, wood or earth on the outer edge of a
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477:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 770.
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397:, parapets tend to be higher and thicker. They could be provided with
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is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a
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Plain parapets are upward extensions of the wall, sometimes with a
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109:, perforated or panelled, which are not mutually exclusive terms.
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294:, the ancient Indian science of sculpture, a parapet is known as
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Perforated parapets are pierced in various designs such as
298:. It is optionally added while constructing a temple. The
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are common. They may be of solid or framed construction.
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A decorative parapet rings the flat roof of this
English
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A modern parapet with integrated lighting functions as a
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which banned projecting wooden eaves in the cities of
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Barrier extending upward a wall at the edge of a roof
338:Bridge parapets may be made from any material, but
542:. Melbourne: Panique Pty Ltd. pp. 118ā121.
492:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 266.
659:, Charles James, Egerton Military Library 1810.
515:"Comprehensive Study of Wind Loads on Parapets"
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385:, which shelters the defenders. In medieval
401:for the fort's guns to fire through, and a
171:A modern, transparent parapet surrounds a
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267:Parapets surrounding roofs are common in
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657:A New and Enlarged Military Dictionary
588:Concrete parapets along road drop off.
565:Temples of Salem region Up to 1336 AD
187:Elaborate parapets flank the roof of
70:. The word comes ultimately from the
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490:A visual dictionary of architecture
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189:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
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617:The Sutton companion to castles
619:. Stroud: Sutton. p. 32.
323:Parapets on bridges and other
146:by a series of panels, either
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538:Ponnamperuma, Senani (2013).
488:Ching, Francis D. K. (1997).
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365:Parapets in fortification
695:Victorian Forts glossary
38:parapet on a bastion of
615:Friar, Stephen (2003).
474:EncyclopƦdia Britannica
271:. This dates from the
105:Parapets may be plain,
725:Architectural elements
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217:Historic parapet walls
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81:'to cover/defend' and
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674:The Story of Sigiriya
672:Senani Ponnamperuma.
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639:George Orwell 1938,
327:structures (such as
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735:Protective barriers
720:Castle architecture
641:Homage to Catalonia
352:reinforced concrete
705:What is a Parapet?
389:, they were often
359:European standards
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730:Bridge components
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596:. January 2007
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419:Attic style
393:. In later
391:crenellated
277:Westminster
232:, Sri Lanka
137:quatrefoils
95:guard rails
36:crenellated
714:Categories
440:References
399:embrasures
375:breastwork
369:A parapet
211:in Chicago
207:along the
205:guard rail
144:ornamented
91:party wall
403:banquette
344:aluminium
313:firewalls
245:Sri Lanka
152:Decorated
107:embattled
87:fire wall
75:parapetto
68:structure
66:or other
424:Baluster
413:See also
285:Georgian
241:Sigiriya
230:Sigiriya
175:rooftop.
158:periods.
133:trefoils
42:, Cyprus
18:Parapets
700:Parapet
523:15 June
434:Redoubt
387:castles
325:highway
129:circles
72:Italian
64:walkway
60:balcony
56:terrace
48:parapet
680:
623:
594:Flickr
546:
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429:Merlon
383:trench
348:timber
281:London
269:London
148:oblong
121:below.
119:corbel
115:coping
79:parare
569:(PDF)
518:(PDF)
311:Many
135:, or
83:petto
678:ISBN
621:ISBN
602:2014
544:ISBN
525:2021
494:ISBN
350:and
300:hÄra
296:hÄra
279:and
154:and
52:roof
34:The
381:or
357:In
290:In
239:at
228:at
89:or
716::
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577:^
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448:^
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46:A
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