148:
330:
91:, which required half of any former Confederate state's voters to swear allegiance to the United States and also swear that they had not supported the Confederacy. The bill also ended slavery, but did not allow former slaves to vote. President Lincoln vetoed the bill. During his presidency Lincoln issued 64 pardons for war-related offences; 22 for conspiracy, 17 for treason, 12 for rebellion, 9 for holding an office under the Confederacy, and 4 for serving with the rebels.
1617:
166:
I, _____, do solemnly swear or affirm, in presence of
Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Union of the States thereunder. And that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have
217:
Twelfth – All persons who at the time when they seek to obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein prescribed, are in military naval, or civil confinement, or custody, or under bonds of the civil, military or naval authorities or agents of the United States, as prisoners of war, or persons
213:
Eleventh – All parties who have been engaged in the destruction of the commerce of the United States upon the high seas, and all persons who have made raids into the United States from Canada, or been engaged in destroying the commerce of the United States upon the lakes and rivers that separate the
140:
exempted by
Lincoln. Johnson's proclamation of May 29, 1865, for example, did not include anyone whose personal property exceeded $ 20,000 (equivalent to $ 398,000 in 2023). Several mitigating factors however led Johnson to greater clemency, such as the attitude of Lincoln for reconciliation and
299:
The
President sent to the House of Representatives on the 9th inst. a partial list of the Confederates who have been pardoned by him, and the parties upon whose recommendation they were pardoned. He states in his communication that there would not be time during the present session of Congress to
1300:
In a final proclamation on
December 25, 1868, Johnson declared "unconditionally, and without reservation, ... a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States, or of adhering to their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights, privileges, and
224:
Fourteenth – All persons who have taken the oath of amnesty as prescribed in the
President's Proclamation of December 8, A.D., 1863, or an oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States since the dates of said proclamation, and who have not thenceforward kept and maintained the same
139:
As
Johnson assumed the presidency, his attitude toward Confederate leaders seemed to signify punishment and prosecution for the rebellion. Many southern leaders fled the United States, going to Mexico, Canada, Europe and other countries. He doubled the number of exempted classes that had been
225:
inviolate – provided that special application may be made to the
President for pardon by any person belonging to the excepted classes, and such clemency will be liberally extended as may be consistent with the facts of the case and the peace and dignity of the United States.
106:
stipulated that "each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside". On May 5 the parole was extended so that soldiers from the
75:, which included terms for amnesty to former Confederates. A pardon would require an oath of allegiance, but it would not restore ownership to former slaves, or restore confiscated property which involved a third party. The pardon excluded office holders of the
1531:
1310:
1296:
In the list the designation "M.C." meant "member of
Congress", though this sometimes referred to a state legislature rather than the Confederate Congress. A further list of names was sent by the President to the House on December 4, 1867.
209:
Tenth – All persons who left their homes within the jurisdiction and protection of the United States and passed beyond the
Federal military lines into the so-called Confederate States, for the purpose of aiding the rebellion.
1514:
193:
Sixth – All who have engaged in any way in treating otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war persons found in the United States service, as officers, soldiers, seamen, or in other capacities.
1566:
1561:
79:
or persons who had mistreated prisoners. Congress, however, objected to
Lincoln's plans as being too lenient and refused to recognize delegates from the reconstructed governments of
1670:
1420:
131:
included) have forfeited them and can only return thereto by complying with the Amnesty Proclamation of the president and obtaining special permission from the War Department".
1680:
1621:
1320:
159:
Those excluded from general amnesty had the option of applying to the president for a special pardon, and much of Johnson's time was spent in granting those pardons.
184:
Third – All who shall have been military or naval officers of said pretended Confederate Government above the rank of Colonel in the army or Lieutenant in the navy.
221:
Thirteenth – All persons who have voluntarily participated in said rebellion, and the estimated value of whose taxable property is over twenty thousand dollars.
1500:
178:
First – All who are or shall have been pretended civil or diplomatic officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of the pretended Confederate Government.
52:
1660:
1539:
742:
1387:
345:
190:
Fifth – All who resigned or tendered resignations of their commissions in the army or navy of the United States, to evade duty in resisting the rebellion.
1604:
1556:
39:
and were usually extended for those who had served in the military above the rank of colonel or civilians who had exercised political power under the
703:
597:
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536:
300:
make the list complete as called for by that body. The list embraces all of the more prominent cases in each of the Southern States, as follows:
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566:
318:
1523:
44:
147:
229:
There were 12,652 pardons issued by June 5, 1866. Under Johnson's "thirteenth" exemption the number of pardons was issued in this order:
1507:
1190:
1458:
355:
303:
76:
40:
973:
918:
818:
451:
905:
288:
On January 9, 1867, President Johnson sent Congress a list of high level former Confederates for whom he had issued pardons. The
99:
1549:
1027:
1315:
403:
200:
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Pardon and Amnesty under Lincoln and Johnson, The Restoration of the Confederates to Their Rights and Privileges, 1861-1898
1400:
Pardon and Amnesty under Lincoln and Johnson, The Restoration of the Confederates to Their Rights and Privileges, 1861-1898
1376:
Pardon and Amnesty under Lincoln and Johnson, The Restoration of the Confederates to Their Rights and Privileges, 1861-1898
1665:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1589:
108:
28:
1483:
1226:
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206:
Ninth – All persons who held the pretended offices of Governors of States in insurrection against the United States.
196:
Seventh – All persons who have been or are absentees from the United States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion.
1202:
603:
887:
863:
772:
633:
95:
1339:
1015:
851:
421:
329:
1599:
1235:
1208:
1066:
696:
581:
523:
514:
1033:
997:
376:
72:
64:
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Eighth – All military and naval officers in the rebel service who were educated by the government in the
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893:
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been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves, so help me God.
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88:
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554:
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936:
930:
790:
709:
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560:
68:
20:
752:
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1244:
1156:
1117:
1045:
899:
824:
542:
367:
141:
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U.S. government pardons issued to former Confederates during and after the American Civil War
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published a partial list of names, states, and causes for the pardons on January 13, 1867.
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32:
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W.C. Whittle, S.S. Lee, A.O. Browne, J.T. Mason, junior officers on the rebel privateer
115:, would be allowed to return home on their paroles but that "all who claim homes in the
1492:
1421:
40th Congress, 2nd Session, Ex. Doc. No. 16, Pardons by the President, December 4, 1867
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Abraham Lincoln, Tuesday, December 8, 1863 (Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction)
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Fourth – All who left seats in the Congress of the United States to aid the rebellion.
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Headquarters Dep’tment West Va., Cumberland, Md., May 6th, 1865, General Orders No. 57
181:
Second – All who left judicial stations under the United States to aid the rebellion.
175:
The following classes of persons are excepted from the benefits of this proclamation:
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List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
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Executive Clemency, A List of Prominent Confederates Pardoned by the President.
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Twenty-five citizens, recommended by the mayors of Washington & Georgetown
1411:“State of Maryland Executive Department,” The Baltimore Sun, 18 August 1866.
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230:
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124:
120:
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1354:, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 1, March, 1999, pg. 92
218:
detained for offences of any kind either before or after conviction.
24:
162:
The following oath was required under Johnson's 1865 proclamation:
328:
254:
146:
1451:
With Malice toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era
1378:, Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1953, pgs. 313-315
151:"President Andrew Johnson Pardoning Rebels at the White House",
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to the US government was given to the chief executive in the
119:
and in States that never passed the Ordinance of Secession (
1488:, Doctoral Dissertation, Univ. of Tennessee Knoxville, 1998
1402:, Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1953, pg. 240
171:
There were exceptions to the granting of general amnesty:
1301:
immunities under the Constitution and the laws ..."
1622:
Category: Recipients of American presidential pardons
1129:
Thomas B. Mills, resigned his commission in U.S. navy
1582:
1530:
1162:C.L. Sayre, ex-officer United States Marine Corps.
1486:Rebel Salvation: The Story of Confederate Pardons
884:, graduate of West Point, rebel brigadier general
1433:The Civil War and Reconstruction, Second Edition
1321:Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree
173:
164:
593:Joseph B. Washington, resigned from West Point
144:'s similar leniency towards the former rebels.
63:On December 8, 1863, in his annual message to
1508:
8:
1671:History of the Confederate States of America
1435:, D.C. Heath and Company, 1966, pgs. 560-561
361:P.H. Aylett, attorney for Confederate States
1681:Recipients of American presidential pardons
67:, President Lincoln outlined his plans for
1515:
1501:
1493:
341:Colonel Andrew Cross Trippe, Army General.
214:British Provinces from the United States.
1605:National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
1352:Inside Lincoln's Clemency Decision Making
1388:President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation
1141:, resigned his seat in the U.S. Congress
836:Richard M. Cuyler, ex-U.S. naval officer
663:Richard B. Lee, rebel lieutenant colonel
1350:Ruckman, P.S., Jr., and David Kincaid,
1332:
1241:George A. Howard, ex-U.S. Naval Academy
1006:F.M. Cockerill, rebel brigadier general
505:Geo. P. Scarborough, resigned judgeship
1453:. University of North Carolina Press.
1078:Duff C. Green, rebel brigadier general
511:J.M. St. John, rebel brigadier general
415:J.D. Henderson, ex-commander U.S. Navy
364:Charles Brewer, surgeon, rebel service
203:, or the United States Naval Academy.
1472:. University of North Carolina Press.
914:], resigned seat in U.S. Congress
769:H.J. Harstene, ex-commander U.S. navy
406:, resigned commission in U.S. service
400:John Debree, paymaster, rebel service
94:Under the terms of surrender for the
7:
1524:Federal pardons in the United States
718:, resigned seat in the U.S. Congress
693:A.M. Seales, rebel brigadier general
409:A.S. Garnett, surgeon, rebel service
1661:Aftermath of the American Civil War
1063:W.H. Echols, graduate of West Point
520:Charles E. Thorburne, rebel colonel
1292:John L.T. Sneed, rebel congressman
733:M. Butler, rebel brigadier general
14:
814:, secretary of the rebel treasury
1616:
1615:
1431:Randall, J.G. and David Donald,
1060:], rebel assistant treasurer
994:, resigned seat in U.S. Congress
878:, resigned seat in U.S. Congress
866:, resigned seat in U.S. Congress
490:Hugh N. Page, rebel navy captain
1468:Jonathan Truman Dorris (1953).
578:James T. Lockbridge, rebel M.C.
427:R.W. Jeffrey, ex-surgeon U.S.N.
1316:Confederate oath of allegiance
1153:], rebel brigadier general
1090:], rebel brigadier general
957:], rebel brigadier general
860:], rebel brigadier general
805:], rebel brigadier general
730:], rebel brigadier general
672:Thomas D. McDowell, rebel M.C.
624:], rebel brigadier general
201:Military Academy at West Point
87:. Congress instead passed the
1:
1590:Office of the Pardon Attorney
1180:], ex-governor of Alabama
334:Nashville Telegraph and Union
309:Frederick Chatard, rebel navy
290:Nashville Telegraph and Union
1676:Presidency of Andrew Johnson
1003:Thomas B. Cooper, rebel M.C.
430:D.C. De Jarnette, rebel M.C.
418:J.D. Halyburton, rebel judge
31:were given by US Presidents
1595:Pardons for ex-Confederates
933:, rebel governor of Florida
833:, rebel governor of Georgia
487:, ex-U.S. district attorney
442:J.R.C. Lewis, rebel colonel
397:London Campbell, rebel navy
102:on April 10, 1865, General
1697:
557:, rebel minister to France
475:W.H. McFarland, rebel M.C.
327:], rebel major general
19:Both during and after the
1613:
1449:William A. Blair (2014).
1398:Dorris, Jonathan Truman,
1374:Dorris, Jonathan Truman,
1283:, rebel brigadier general
1277:, rebel brigadier general
1271:, rebel brigadier general
1253:, rebel brigadier general
1232:M.A. Haynes, ex-U.S. army
1186:, rebel brigadier general
1135:, rebel brigadier general
1126:, rebel brigadier general
1120:, rebel brigadier general
1048:, rebel brigadier general
988:, rebel brigadier general
982:, rebel brigadier general
872:, rebel brigadier general
808:H.E. Smith, rebel senator
775:, rebel brigadier general
766:, rebel brigadier general
760:, rebel brigadier general
739:, rebel brigadier general
690:, rebel brigadier general
654:, rebel brigadier general
642:, rebel brigadier general
630:, rebel brigadier general
563:, rebel brigadier general
551:, rebel brigadier general
508:H.B. Taylor, ex-U.S. army
496:, rebel brigadier general
466:, rebel brigadier general
448:, rebel brigadier general
412:W.D. Harrison, rebel navy
315:, rebel brigadier general
96:Army of Northern Virginia
1265:], rebel congressman
1217:], rebel congressman
1159:, ex-governor of Alabama
1108:, rebel attorney general
1102:, ex-U.S. district judge
745:, rebel attorney general
502:W.R. Staples, rebel M.C.
45:power to pardon offences
1600:Pardon of Richard Nixon
1484:Zebley, Kathleen Rosa,
394:R.R. Carter, rebel navy
373:John M. Brooke, citizen
781:, ex-captain U.S. navy
499:R.B. Pegram, ex-U.S.N.
457:H.H. Lewis, rebel navy
337:
227:
169:
156:
100:Appomattox Court House
77:Confederate government
41:Confederate government
1199:, rebel major general
1030:, rebel major general
945:, rebel major general
927:, rebel major general
436:, rebel major general
332:
150:
109:11 Confederate states
1666:December 1868 events
1656:1868 in American law
1651:1867 in American law
1646:1866 in American law
1641:1865 in American law
1572:pardon of Joe Arpaio
758:Stephen Elliott, Jr.
460:Wm. Leigh, ex-U.S.N.
346:District of Columbia
117:District of Columbia
1289:, rebel congressman
1247:, rebel congressman
1229:, rebel congressman
1223:, rebel congressman
1205:, rebel congressman
848:, rebel congressman
842:, rebel congressman
827:, rebel congressman
555:Charles J. Faulkner
439:F.W. Lynch, citizen
812:George A. Trenholm
779:Duncan N. Ingraham
652:Bradley T. Johnson
561:Alexander C. Jones
472:, ex-surgeon U.S.N
338:
336:, January 13, 1867
313:Bradley T. Johnson
157:
155:, October 14, 1865
21:American Civil War
1628:
1627:
1540:George H. W. Bush
1227:James W. McCallum
1075:], rebel M.C.
1042:], rebel M.C.
1024:], rebel M.C.
900:Otho R. Singleton
825:Clifford Anderson
787:, Catholic bishop
684:], rebel M.C.
634:William T. Dortch
575:], rebel M.C.
515:Thomas S. Gholson
385:], rebel M.C.
319:George H. Steward
142:William H. Seward
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479:Fayette McMullen
377:John R. Cambliss
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1238:, rebel senator
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1094:R. Jemison, Jr.
1082:J.T. Holtzclare
1010:M.H. Cruikshank
963:, rebel senator
831:Joseph E. Brown
793:, rebel senator
716:John D. Ashmore
667:James R. McLean
648:, rebel senator
636:, rebel senator
545:, rebel senator
434:James L. Kemper
424:, rebel general
404:T.T. Fauntleroy
153:Harper's Weekly
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1207:
1204:
1203:J.D.C. Atkins
1201:
1198:
1197:S.R. Anderson
1195:
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1192:
1185:
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1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
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1140:
1139:James L. Pugh
1137:
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1128:
1125:
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1017:
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992:David Clopton
990:
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986:Alpheus Baker
984:
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925:J.P. Anderson
923:
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913:
912:
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901:
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895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:Jno. J. Jones
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:H.W. Hilliard
862:
859:
858:
853:
852:L.G. Gartrell
850:
847:
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832:
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747:
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741:
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735:
732:
729:
728:
723:
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714:
712:, ex-governor
711:
708:
707:
706:
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586:
583:
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568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
543:A.T. Caperton
541:
540:
539:
538:
537:West Virginia
532:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
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335:
331:
326:
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317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
301:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:West Virginia
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
207:
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172:
168:
163:
160:
154:
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145:
143:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:West Virginia
110:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1594:
1567:Donald Trump
1562:Barack Obama
1545:Bill Clinton
1532:By president
1485:
1469:
1450:
1432:
1427:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1335:
1299:
1295:
1260:
1251:A.E. Jackson
1212:
1189:
1175:
1168:, rebel M.C.
1148:
1114:, rebel M.C.
1100:Wm. G. Jones
1096:, rebel M.C.
1085:
1070:
1055:
1037:
1028:H.D. Clayton
1019:
1016:J.M.L. Curry
1012:, rebel M.C.
1000:, rebel M.C.
998:W.P. Chilton
972:
969:, rebel M.C.
961:A.E. Maxwell
952:
943:W.G.M. Davis
939:, rebel M.C.
931:A.K. Allison
917:
909:
902:, rebel M.C.
896:, rebel M.C.
894:Wm. E. Smith
890:, rebel M.C.
870:H.R. Jackson
855:
817:
800:
797:G.S. Preston
764:Walter Gwynn
743:George Davis
737:John Bratton
725:
702:
699:, rebel M.C.
697:A.W. Venable
679:
669:, rebel M.C.
660:, rebel M.C.
640:Bryan Grimes
619:
616:R. Barrenger
612:, rebel M.C.
606:, rebel M.C.
596:
590:, rebel M.C.
588:C.W. Russell
584:, rebel M.C.
570:
535:
531:"Shenandoah"
526:, rebel M.C.
517:, rebel M.C.
481:, rebel M.C.
454:, rebel M.C.
391:, rebel navy
380:
370:, rebel M.C.
354:
344:
333:
322:
302:
296:
294:
289:
287:
228:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
158:
152:
138:
93:
62:
29:Confederates
18:
1550:controversy
1275:J.B. Palmer
1209:A.S. Colyer
1184:S.A.M. Wood
1133:E.W. Pettus
1067:T.G. Foster
1052:E.E. Elmore
1034:E.L. Dargan
980:C.A. Battle
949:J.S. Finley
888:E.A. Nisbet
840:J.H. Echols
773:John Hagood
722:W.L. Bonham
688:M.W. Ransom
676:J.G. Ramsey
582:S.A. Miller
549:John Echols
485:Robert Ould
452:James Lyons
243:Mississippi
1635:Categories
1327:References
1269:Geo. Maney
1259: [
1236:G.A. Henry
1211: [
1174: [
1172:P.A. Watts
1166:W.R. Smith
1147: [
1145:P.D. Roddy
1124:Y.M. Moody
1106:Wade Keyes
1084: [
1069: [
1054: [
1036: [
1018: [
951: [
908: [
854: [
799: [
785:P.N. Lynch
724: [
678: [
658:J.M. Leach
618: [
569: [
470:S.P. Moore
464:P.T. Moore
379: [
321: [
53:Article II
1287:C.W. Bell
1191:Tennessee
1046:Z.C. Deas
882:L. McLaws
751:, editor
710:Wm. Aiken
494:R.L. Page
263:Tennessee
259:Louisiana
237:, 1,361;
233:, 2,070;
81:Louisiana
1305:See also
791:J.L. Orr
446:E.G. Lee
356:Virginia
304:Maryland
283:Missouri
279:Kentucky
267:Arkansas
231:Virginia
129:Missouri
125:Kentucky
121:Maryland
85:Arkansas
65:Congress
974:Alabama
919:Florida
819:Georgia
275:Florida
261:, 142;
257:, 269;
253:, 482;
249:, 638;
245:, 765;
241:1,228;
239:Georgia
235:Alabama
111:, plus
71:of the
27:for ex-
25:pardons
1620:
1583:Topics
1457:
285:, 10.
281:, 11;
277:, 22;
273:, 39;
269:, 41;
265:, 93;
127:, and
51:under
43:. The
255:Texas
73:South
1455:ISBN
83:and
35:and
1262:sic
1214:sic
1177:sic
1150:sic
1087:sic
1072:sic
1057:sic
1039:sic
1021:sic
954:sic
911:sic
857:sic
802:sic
727:sic
681:sic
621:sic
572:sic
382:sic
324:sic
98:at
1637::
123:,
55:.
23:,
1516:e
1509:t
1502:v
1463:.
295:"
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