33:
862:) is a formal organization that consists of parents, teachers, and school staff. The organization's goals may vary from organization to organization but the core goals include parent volunteerism, teacher and student encouragement, community involvement, and student and family welfare. It is not affiliated with the national Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) or Parent-Teacher-Student Association (PTSA). The PTA is a national association of millions of members and thousands of local units that provides leadership training and staff support.
108:(SSA) have advocated for community mobilization and involvement. RMSA dictates that every school should have a PTA, School Development Management Committees (SDMCs) should co-exist with PTAs and leverage their functions, PTAs should conduct meetings at least once a month and present SDMCs with a register of complaints, suggestions, and actions taken. From 2013 to 2014, 37.54 percent of schools in India had a PTA. A 2010 study suggested that 50% of parents in rural areas and 45% in urban areas were aware of the existence of school PTAs.
871:
915:
better support children. Local PTA units set their own goals and missions, but they also join together to advocate and partner as a larger group. PTA is membership based and uses money from dues to offer staff support and grants and to develop national programs, such as their
Reflections arts in education program and their Standards for Family-School Partnerships implementation guide. A PTO is unaffiliated, local and does not pay dues to a national umbrella organization.
1884:
671:) social and financial assistance came together in a burst of synergy that drew 2,000 people from across the country to discuss the issues affecting their children at a three-day event. The National Congress of Mothers quickly fanned out into a grassroots organization at national, state, and local levels.
359:
education authorities, central government and all other interested parties and bodies." Unlike the USA, the fact that a body is called a PTA does not, in itself, imply membership with any national organization. There is a separate, similar body for
Scotland entitled "The Scottish Parent Teacher Council".
914:
A PTO is not the same as a parent–teacher association (PTA). They are similar in that both promote parent participation, but the PTA takes a more active role in developing programs, advocacy, and training. PTA operates at the school building, district, state and national levels and works on policy to
805:
as this was the organization's main concern at the time. By the 1930s, the magazine then featured longer articles by leading experts in fields such as education, health and child welfare. Starting in
September 1934, the magazine received another makeover where it was published in an oversized format
730:
National PTA's annual public policy agenda outlines policy priorities and recommendations for
Congress. The priorities are selected based on the timeliness of issue, opportunities for National PTA to provide leadership and expertise to Congress, alignment to National PTA's mission and resolution and
1009:, active in club and civic affairs and very much interested in P. T. A. work'; held several important offices in P. T. A. organizations, including vice-president, California Congress of P. T. A. and chairman of several committees, serving her second term as a member of the Oakland Board of Education
717:
became a grassroots organization that influenced the local, state, and national levels. Pamphlets written on how to organize "parents' auxiliaries" in public schools and offer suggestions on formation and meeting were distributed. Collections of loaned materials on child-development and parenting
358:
In
England, Wales and Northern Ireland, PTAs may choose to join Parentkind, which describes itself as "the national charity representing over 13,750 PTAs across England, Wales and Northern Ireland" that seeks "to advance education by encouraging the fullest co-operation between home and school,
905:
A PTO generally consists of a board. These members may include a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer. They may also include various specialty positions, such as hospitality, or programs. The board typically governs the PTO by creating and voting on meeting dates, general meeting
689:
In 1926, National PTA President Mrs. A. H. Reeve helped set up the
National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers to function in the District of Columbia and states where separate schools for the races were maintained, so that African-American children might have PTA service. On 7 May, the
927:
PTO parents get involved by supporting their students, teachers and staff. Parents can volunteer to be room parents to assist with class parties or field trips. They can help set up at a carnival or health fair. They can help teachers and staff by making copies for the class.
892:
The PTO sponsors assistance to teachers in classroom setting, holds fund-raisers for supplemental educational materials and experiences, supports school and family social interaction, and provides a non-biased forum for sharing information on issues that impact our children.
387:(1868-1912), the cost of establishing and maintaining each school was considered to be mainly borne by town and village expenses, but school budgets were not necessarily abundant. To reduce the financial and labor burden on school management, many voluntary groups such as
888:
The PTO's mission is to promote open communication and understanding between parents and staff of the New
Franklin Elementary School. Our efforts serve to enhance and maximize the education of every child while aiding them in achieving their highest potential.
148:
made PTAs mandatory in government-aided and private unaided schools. All parents are members of the PTA. Elections should be held every other year, and the PTA should hold a general meeting at least once a year. 78.21% of the schools in Delhi have a PTA.
923:
PTOs encourage parent, teacher, and community involvement by providing programs that facilitate various activities, including bicycle safety, drug awareness, energy conservation, reading programs, science programs, math programs, and pedestrian safety.
721:
The PTA has helped institute countless changes, from the institution of school lunch and inoculation programs to the institution of child labor laws to the promotion of transportation safety, sex education, and tobacco and alcohol education.
592:. Every person who joins a local PTA automatically becomes a member of both the state's PTA and National PTA. PTA membership – including the number of affiliated units and of individual members – has been declining for several decades.
813:—under the editorial leadership of Eva Grant. She led the magazine to its period of widest influence and greatest circulation from 1939 to 1972. During that time, the magazine featured prominent regular contributors such as
134:
The duties of the PTA committee should involve assisting the school in planning and organizing educational programs, monitoring the completion of syllabi, and collecting/presenting information regarding school
2833:
931:
Teachers and staff may become involved by helping to plan events that encourage the education of the students. These may include workshops, tutoring or special family nights (math, science, reading).
934:
The students reap the benefits by the involvement and support of all the adults involved in the PTO. The PTO supports the educational goals of the school, thus extending those goals to the students.
2838:
824:
In 1975, The PTA Magazine was replaced by PTA Today, publication that evolved from the former
National PTA Bulletin and initially appeared in tabloid form for its first three years. Eventually,
839:
was published bi-monthly, five times per year and distributed to local and state PTA presidents, state PTA board members, state office personnel and a limited number of paid subscribers.
177:
A 2010 survey of parents of schoolchildren for the government of India reported that 50% of respondents were aware of PTAs or MTAs (Mother
Teacher Associations) and 16% were members.
828:
returned to a typical magazine format that was circulated mostly to local PTA units and kept them abreast of
National PTA events and programs and provided parenting information.
885:
The New Franklin School PTO is a nonprofit parent/teacher organization whose membership includes all parents, legal guardians and staff at New Franklin Elementary School.
351:
In the United Kingdom, parent–teacher associations are common and present in the majority of schools. They are sometimes referred to as home school associations. A 2007
169:
Tamil Nadu government policy dictates that PTAs should work towards pupil enrolments and attendance as well as assist in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning.
121:
In 1996, the Maharashtra government declared PTAs mandatory for all schools within the state. By 2014, 50% of the schools had a PTA. State guidelines for PTAs include:
2843:
1941:
1398:
1250:
2655:
1191:
1434:
1278:
1551:
881:
Individual organizations typically establish goals and/or a mission statement. Here is a sample PTO Mission Statement from the New Franklin School PTO:
798:– was printed in November 1906. The purpose of the magazine was to voice the National PTA's ambitions and to spread the word of its work and mission.
1306:
846:
moved to a digital online format geared towards parents. It is now a monthly online publication, with one print edition distribution in the spring.
696:
In 1970, the National Congress of Parents and Teachers (National PTA) and the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers (NCCPT)—founded by
161:. A 2016 government report stated that 25% of parents were aware of the existence of PTAs, 43% of schools had PTAs, and 39% of PTAs met regularly.
418:
1307:"Guiding principles for establishing -Teachers Associations in the recognized permanent private non-aided schools from the state of Maharashtra"
410:, the activities started again. Activities and movements anticipating the spirit of the later PTA were also attempted across various locations.
2746:
2443:
1030:, held several executive offices in the Congress of PTA and taught a Summer Session Course on the P.T. movement in the San Diego State College
624:
is a preschool-12th grade national art contest program, often featuring school-wide displays at schools with PTAs. It was founded in 1969 by
423:
1370:
1463:
1870:
Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America
2012:
1093:
101:
2812:
896:
It is our belief that the team effort of a parent teacher organization offers the best possible learning environment for our children.
32:
2782:
1790:
1765:
1690:
1665:
1476:
585:
573:
63:) is a formal organization comprising parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school.
343:
There are plans to organize a PTA in the United Arab Emirates at government schools such as ATHS (Applied Technology High School).
2496:
680:
In 1908, the organization delegates voted to change its name to the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations.
2640:
2486:
806:
and renamed as the National Parent-Teacher, "to more definitely associate the publication with the parent–teacher movement."
683:
In 1910, charter and board member, Mary Grinnell Mears, moved that "Founders Day be observed every February 17th of the year…"
2797:
1342:
92:
encouraged giving pre-eminence to people's involvement, including the association of non-governmental and voluntary efforts.
1945:
693:
In 1966, the National PTA registered the terms PTA and Parent-Teacher Association as service marks with the U.S. government.
621:
2802:
2527:
2164:
649:
at a meeting of over 2,000 parents, teachers, workers, and legislators. In 1908, the organization changed its name to the
1901:
1113:
562:
2721:
2567:
2463:
2438:
2209:
1409:
1082:
89:
2383:
2660:
355:
study found that 83% of primary schools in England and Wales and 60% of secondary schools had a "PTA or equivalent".
366:— but in practice, parents who are active in the PTA will tend to engage in the election of parent representatives (
2582:
2413:
2408:
1261:
608:
2792:
2751:
2587:
2307:
2139:
1220:
731:
ability to achieve a meaningful policy change that will produce positive results for children and their families
436:
1806:
835:
in line with the founders' theme of the first convention that "All Children Are Our Children." In recent years,
2159:
1658:
Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary: Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary
1012:
1445:
1289:
1555:
2615:
2005:
955:
752:
668:
539:
1202:
1139:
158:
2448:
2287:
1317:
1051:
1033:
1006:
971:
1465:
Annual Survey of Trends in Education 2007: Schools' Concerns and their Implications for Local Authorities
584:(PTO), or an equivalent local organization. These organizations also exist, although less frequently, at
2777:
2338:
2262:
2189:
2154:
1088:
1063:
105:
870:
625:
2635:
2562:
2511:
2272:
2247:
2237:
1577:
1076:
1039:
961:
949:
637:
The National Parent Teacher Association was founded on 17 February 1897, in Washington, D.C., as the
596:
566:
490:
72:
2650:
2577:
2501:
2322:
2302:
2257:
2194:
2077:
2029:
1027:
1000:
875:
697:
600:
2696:
2433:
2169:
1998:
1381:
988:
513:
407:
831:
The final major makeover took place in September 1995 when it was made more colorful and became
1482:
2787:
2630:
2552:
2532:
2403:
2343:
2282:
2277:
2242:
2219:
2149:
2134:
1786:
1761:
1686:
1661:
1472:
1057:
982:
976:
967:
611:). There are 23,000 local organizations recognized by the National PTA in the United States.
2670:
2506:
2481:
2473:
2229:
2113:
2092:
741:
17:
2701:
2620:
2457:
2418:
2317:
2067:
814:
367:
363:
157:
Decentralization of school management was promoted through the installation of PTAs under
1018:
Jane Brunson Marks, served on board of H. S. Parent-Teacher Association for several years
686:
In 1925, the association adopted the name the National Congress of Parents and Teachers.
362:
PTAs are generally not involved in the management of schools – that is a matter for the
2761:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2686:
2363:
2292:
2082:
1731:
1706:
1632:
395:
were formed by parents of students attending school and residents of school districts.
1399:"School Education Department Policy Notes on Demand No. 43 School Education 2011–2012"
2827:
2756:
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2610:
2605:
2547:
2378:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2097:
2057:
1888:
1868:
1045:
1021:
943:
818:
664:
660:
646:
577:
2706:
2557:
2542:
2398:
2388:
2174:
656:
642:
403:
384:
75:
associations, which are governed by both state and national organizational bodies.
1353:
1048:, President of the Parent-Teacher Association at the John Muir Junior High School
2716:
2691:
2537:
2373:
2358:
2144:
2072:
2062:
1607:
1530:"Scottish Parent Teacher Council – Promoting Partnerships in Scottish Education"
994:
604:
406:
and the subsequent confusion, group activities had stagnated temporarily. After
399:
2731:
2625:
2428:
2353:
2297:
2267:
2204:
2102:
1117:
2422:
2393:
2368:
2252:
2107:
2021:
589:
128:
The PTA does not interfere in the day-to-day administration of the schools
2711:
2645:
2052:
428:
427:. In the report, ideas that extend to the PTA were presented. In October
414:
2348:
2312:
1114:"Plymouth High School for Girls Parents, Teachers, Friends Association"
958:, Corresponding secretary of the California Parent-Teacher Association
2572:
2491:
2087:
2047:
2042:
2037:
1810:
433:
Japan Parents and Teachers National Association Formation Conference
1471:. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research. p. 2.
1371:"Field Survey by Samarthan, centre for development support, Bhopal"
1507:
1462:
Lewis, K.; Chamberlain, T.; Riggall, A.; Gagg, K; Rudd, P (2007).
869:
145:
31:
1887:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
383:
When the modern school system was introduced to Japan during the
2179:
1221:"Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): Complete Breakdown"
1143:
352:
1994:
1972:
2453:
1922:
Swain, Ginalie (2004). "Cora Bussey Hillis: Woman of Vision".
1902:"Javiera Caballero – Latina Voices / Voces de Mujeres Latinas"
1781:
Bassi, Robert A.; Herzog, Susan E.; Morris, Robert R. (1997).
1756:
Bassi, Robert A.; Herzog, Suzan E.; Morris, Robert R. (1997).
1681:
Bassi, Robert A.; Herzog, Susan E.; Morris, Robert R. (1997).
1585:
1192:"National Policy on Education, 1986; Programme on Action 1992"
970:, President of the PTA at Club Boulevard Magnet Elementary in
690:
National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers was formed.
651:
National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations.
1990:
1977:
United Kingdom, PARENTKIND registered charity number 1072833
1656:
Tillman, Elvena B. (1 January 1971). Edward T. James (ed.).
1165:
1251:"Secondary Education in India, State Report Cards 2013–14"
790:
The first issue of National Parent Teacher Association's
27:
Group that facilitates parental participation in a school
1529:
1508:"Parentkind Advancing Education | Supporting PTAs"
2834:
Civic and political organizations of the United States
1982:
424:
Report of the United States Education Mission to Japan
125:
The parents of every student shall be members of a PTA
1170:
Federation of Parents & Citizens Associations NSW
801:
The magazine's title was changed in December 1909 to
595:
Today, there are 54 PTA congresses: U.S. states, the
2839:
Educational organizations based in the United States
2770:
2679:
2596:
2520:
2472:
2331:
2228:
2123:
2028:
1350:
Action Committee Unaided Recognized Private Schools
565:(National PTA), a non-profit organization based in
545:
535:
525:
511:
497:
486:
465:
457:
1783:The PTA Story: A Century of Commitment to Children
1758:The PTA Story: A Century of Commitment to Children
1683:The PTA Story: A Century of Commitment to Children
1987:United States National Parent Teacher Association
1785:. Walsworth Publishing Company, Inc. p. 27.
1015:, president of Tonopah Parent-Teacher Association
550:
991:, early member and president of the Iowa chapter
809:More changes came in 1961 with another new name—
71:In Australia, the function of PTAs is filled by
1660:. Vol. I. Belknap Press. pp. 147–48.
1552:"National PTA Staff – About PTA – National PTA"
883:
1279:"Evaluation of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, May 2010"
2006:
1066:, Grand Duchess of Parent-Teacher Association
700:in Atlanta, Ga.—merged to serve all children.
8:
1942:"Biologue of Founder Violet Richardson-Ward"
452:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1807:"New Franklin School PTO Mission Statement"
607:and Europe (military families, through the
580:have either a PTA (public schools only), a
2013:
1999:
1991:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1651:
1649:
451:
1809:. New Franklin School PTO. Archived from
1608:"Reflections Arts Program | National PTA"
1258:District Information System for Education
1042:, secretary of Parent-Teacher Association
796:The National Congress of Mothers Magazine
521:Nathan R. Monell, CAE, executive director
1442:Planning Commission, Government of India
718:skills were made available to parents.
179:
88:A 1992 'Program on Action' for the 1986
2844:1897 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1867:Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A (1928).
1286:Government of India Planning Commission
1140:"About Friends of Little Munden (FoLM)"
1105:
419:Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
41:parent–teacher association/organization
1199:Ministry of Human Resource Development
1036:, gave programs of own music and talks
402:(1935), due to the intensification of
1245:
1243:
1241:
1116:. phsg.eschools.co.uk. Archived from
622:Reflections Arts in Education Program
100:Government education schemes such as
7:
1435:"Evaluation on Sarva Siksha Abhiyan"
1378:Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Madhya Pradesh
715:National Parent Teacher Association,
663:'s (wife of California U.S. Senator
1094:Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
726:National PTA's Annual Public Policy
563:National Parent Teacher Association
561:In the U.S., PTAs are part of the
453:National Parent Teacher Association
102:Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
2813:Parents Against Child Exploitation
1760:. ERIC Clearinghouse. p. 51.
1685:. ERIC Clearinghouse. p. 26.
775:Elementary and Secondary Education
131:50% of PTA members should be women
84:National Policy on Education, 1986
57:parent–teacher–student association
25:
2783:Mothers Apart from Their Children
1219:Sharma, Shubh (11 January 2024).
1142:. www.folm.org.uk. Archived from
480:(as National Congress of Mothers)
49:parent–teacher–friend association
1882:
1510:. Parentkind.org.uk. 4 June 2013
1054:, president of the local chapter
738:Creation of Kindergarten classes
659:'s original vision coupled with
2641:Management of domestic violence
2487:Corporal punishment in the home
2798:National Fatherhood Initiative
866:Goals and/or mission statement
749:Hot and healthy lunch programs
1:
2803:National Parents Organization
2528:Adverse childhood experiences
2568:Effects of domestic violence
2210:Social emotional development
1582:National PTA (United States)
1083:National Policy on Education
711:National Congress of Mothers
639:National Congress of Mothers
90:National Policy on Education
2384:Identification (psychology)
952:, president Arizona chapter
856:parent teacher organization
850:Parent teacher organization
582:parent–teacher organization
437:Japan PTA National Assembly
435:was held in Tokyo, and the
18:Parent-Teachers Association
2860:
2808:Parent–teacher association
2583:Parental abuse by children
2464:Positive Parenting Program
2414:Parent management training
2409:Normative social influence
1578:"FAQs / PTA Annual Report"
609:U.S. Department of Defense
2793:National Childbirth Trust
2588:Stress in early childhood
2308:Taking children seriously
2140:Applied behavior analysis
1924:Iowa Heritage Illustrated
772:Early Childhood Education
67:Australia and New Zealand
2449:The talk (sex education)
2160:Developmental psychology
1732:"PTA History: 1920–1929"
1707:"PTA History: 1910–1919"
1013:Laura Adrienne MacDonald
964:, well known as lecturer
667:and mother of publisher
572:Most public and private
192:Willing to join PTA (%)
2656:Parental responsibility
2616:Cost of raising a child
1406:Investing in Tamil Nadu
956:Leah Belle Kepner Boyce
753:Juvenile justice system
669:William Randolph Hearst
540:Education International
515:Board of directors
471:; 127 years ago
364:school governing bodies
1633:"National PTA History"
1052:Violet Richardson Ward
1034:Mary Elizabeth Parsons
1007:Nannie S. Brown Kramer
972:Durham, North Carolina
898:
878:
794:magazine – then named
757:Mandatory immunization
647:Phoebe Apperson Hearst
36:
2778:Families Need Fathers
2339:After-school activity
2263:Concerted cultivation
2258:Buddha-like parenting
2190:Nature versus nurture
2155:Cognitive development
1359:on 27 September 2015.
1267:on 26 September 2021.
1225:iDream Education Blog
1208:on 19 September 2020.
1089:Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
873:
746:Public health service
643:Alice McLellan Birney
469:17 February 1897
106:Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
35:
2636:Right to family life
2563:Dysfunctional family
2273:Free-range parenting
2248:Attachment parenting
2238:Achievement ideology
1323:on 27 September 2015
1314:K12 Schools in India
1077:Parents and citizens
1040:Beatrice A. Pedersen
962:Laura Chenoweth Butz
950:C. Louise Boehringer
597:District of Columbia
567:Alexandria, Virginia
531:Anna King, President
491:Alexandria, Virginia
482:Washington, D.C., US
393:Mothers' Association
339:United Arab Emirates
159:Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
73:parents and citizens
2651:Parental alienation
2578:Narcissistic parent
2502:Positive discipline
2323:Work at home parent
2303:Strict father model
2288:Nurturant parenting
2195:Parental investment
2030:Kinship terminology
1387:on 21 January 2022.
1166:"P&C Home Page"
1028:Vesta C. Muehleisen
1001:Kate Wetzel Jameson
876:Ann Arbor, Michigan
713:, now known as the
698:Selena Sloan Butler
601:U.S. Virgin Islands
454:
389:Parents Association
2697:T. Berry Brazelton
2434:Social integration
2170:Identity formation
1558:on 22 January 2016
1064:Vivian L. Stephens
989:Cora Bussey Hillis
879:
734:Examples include:
408:the end of the war
189:Members of PTA (%)
144:The government of
96:Government schemes
37:
2821:
2820:
2631:Family disruption
2553:Cinderella effect
2533:Child abandonment
2507:Tactical ignoring
2404:Moral development
2283:Helicopter parent
2278:Gatekeeper parent
2243:Atlas personality
2220:Social psychology
2165:Human development
2150:Child development
2135:Attachment theory
1948:on 5 October 2017
1058:Miriam Van Waters
983:Thora B. Gardiner
977:Saidie Orr Dunbar
968:Javiera Caballero
874:PTO Thrift Shop,
769:Education Funding
766:Special Education
760:Arts in Education
626:Mary Lou Anderson
559:
558:
413:In the spring of
336:
335:
267:Himachal Pradesh
16:(Redirected from
2851:
2671:Shared parenting
2482:Blanket training
2474:Child discipline
2114:In loco parentis
2093:Shared parenting
2015:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:Official website
1976:
1975:
1973:Official website
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1944:. Archived from
1938:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1864:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1753:
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1717:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1653:
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1641:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:. Archived from
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1481:. Archived from
1470:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1451:on 12 July 2018.
1450:
1444:. Archived from
1439:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1408:. Archived from
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1380:. Archived from
1375:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1352:. Archived from
1347:
1343:"DoE, Delhi PTA"
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1316:. Archived from
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1295:on 12 July 2018.
1294:
1288:. Archived from
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1260:. Archived from
1255:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1201:. Archived from
1196:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1146:on 29 March 2024
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
811:The PTA Magazine
742:Child labor laws
555:
552:
516:
479:
477:
472:
455:
368:parent governors
186:Aware of PTA (%)
180:
112:State guidelines
21:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2766:
2747:Matthew Sanders
2702:Rudolf Dreikurs
2675:
2661:Parents' rights
2621:Deadbeat parent
2598:
2592:
2516:
2468:
2444:The talk (race)
2327:
2318:Tiger parenting
2224:
2119:
2068:Extended family
2024:
2019:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1813:on 12 June 2008
1805:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1588:on 9 March 2009
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1488:on 5 March 2014
1485:
1479:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1172:. 27 March 2024
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1120:on 5 March 2021
1112:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1073:
940:
938:Notable members
921:
912:
906:programs, etc.
903:
868:
852:
815:J. Edgar Hoover
788:
778:Child nutrition
707:
677:
635:
617:
549:
528:
518:
514:
507:
481:
475:
473:
470:
450:
445:
381:
376:
349:
341:
197:Andhra Pradesh
175:
167:
155:
142:
119:
114:
98:
86:
81:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Mothers' Union
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2762:Benjamin Spock
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Penelope Leach
2739:
2737:Annette Lareau
2734:
2729:
2727:Alan E. Kazdin
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Mary Ainsworth
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2599:social aspects
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Dishabituation
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Slow parenting
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2124:Theories
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2103:Blended family
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Nuclear family
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1966:
1965:External links
1963:
1960:
1959:
1933:
1914:
1893:
1824:
1798:
1791:
1773:
1766:
1748:
1723:
1698:
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1673:
1666:
1645:
1624:
1599:
1569:
1543:
1521:
1499:
1477:
1454:
1426:
1415:on 28 May 2016
1390:
1362:
1334:
1298:
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1237:
1211:
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1103:
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992:
986:
980:
974:
965:
959:
953:
947:
939:
936:
920:
917:
911:
910:PTO versus PTA
908:
902:
899:
867:
864:
851:
848:
842:In fall 2015,
787:
781:
780:
779:
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773:
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767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
750:
747:
744:
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701:
694:
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687:
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634:
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578:middle schools
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512:
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459:
449:
446:
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441:
421:announced the
380:
377:
375:
372:
348:
347:United Kingdom
345:
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327:
324:
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295:Uttar Pradesh
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153:Madhya Pradesh
151:
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132:
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118:
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113:
110:
97:
94:
85:
82:
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68:
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14:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2856:
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2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:Organizations
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:B. F. Skinner
2755:
2753:
2752:William Sears
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Thomas Gordon
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
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2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Child support
2609:
2607:
2606:Child custody
2604:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Child neglect
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
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2471:
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2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
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2390:
2387:
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2379:Homeschooling
2377:
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2372:
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2362:
2360:
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2347:
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2256:
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2244:
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2239:
2236:
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2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Socialization
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Paternal bond
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Maternal bond
2183:
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2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Single parent
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
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2061:
2059:
2058:Alloparenting
2056:
2054:
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2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1930:(2): 116–127.
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1889:public domain
1872:
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1792:9780881090017
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1767:9780881090017
1763:
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1692:9780881090017
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1059:
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1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:Ada E. Purpus
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:Sara E. Morse
1020:
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948:
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944:Kate M. Ainey
942:
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840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
822:
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819:Margaret Mead
816:
812:
807:
804:
803:Child Welfare
799:
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782:
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763:School Safety
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727:
723:
719:
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699:
695:
692:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:History notes
674:
672:
670:
666:
665:George Hearst
662:
661:Phoebe Hearst
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:Early history
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504:United States
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443:United States
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173:PTAs in India
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34:
30:
19:
2807:
2707:David Elkind
2558:Codependency
2543:Child labour
2399:Latchkey kid
2389:Introjection
2175:Introjection
2125:
2112:
2078:Noncustodial
1950:. Retrieved
1946:the original
1936:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1896:
1874:. Retrieved
1869:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1801:
1782:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1741:24 September
1739:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1682:
1676:
1657:
1638:24 September
1636:. Retrieved
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
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