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764:"Performance parking" or variable-rate parking is based on Shoup's ideas. Electronic parking meters are used so that parking spaces in desirable locations and at desirable times are more expensive than less desirable locations. Other variations include rising rates based on duration of parking. More modern ideas use sensors and networked parking meters that "bid up" (or down) the price of parking automatically with the goal of keeping 85–90% of the spaces in use at any given time to ensure perpetual parking availability. These ideas have been implemented in
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753:, against the large-scale use of land and other resources in urban and suburban areas for motor vehicle parking. Shoup's work has been popularized along with market-rate parking and performance parking, both of which raise and lower the price of metered street parking with the goal of reducing cruising for parking and double parking without overcharging for parking.
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municipal parking garages for motor vehicles, and when bridges and tunnels are tolled for these modes, driving becomes less competitive in terms of out-of-pocket costs compared to other modes of transportation. When municipal motor vehicle parking is underpriced and roads are not tolled, the shortfall in tax expenditures by drivers, through
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day/week/month/year including the peak parking demand. While it has been assailed by some planners for lack of data in urban settings, it stands as the single largest accumulation of actual parking demand data related to land use. Anyone can submit parking demand data for inclusion. The report is updated approximately every 5 to 10 years.
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on-street parking is cheaper than off-street parking, the costs of fuel are cheap, the driver wishes to park for longer, the driver is alone in the car and the driver's time is not valuable to them. Cruising can be diminished if the cost of on-street parking is set equal to the cost of off-street parking.
293:
There is a wide international vocabulary for multi-storey parking garages. In the
Midwestern United States, they are known as parking ramp. In the United Kingdom, they are known as multi-storey car parks. In the Western US, they are called parking structures. In New Zealand, they are known as parking
1112:
system provides information about the availability of parking spaces within a controlled area. The systems may include vehicle detection sensors that can count the number of available spaces and display the information on various signs. There may be indicator lights that can lead drivers to an exact
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Cruising is an economic decision, with the cost of parking dominant in determining cruising behaviour. This is grounded in the principle that drivers will only cruise if the cost of cruising is lower than the savings of not parking in available chargeable spaces. Drivers are more likely to cruise if
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Urban parking spaces can have a high value where the price of land is high. The prices in Boston for parking spaces have always been high; in August 2020, the asking price ranged just under US$ 39,000 in the West End to almost $ 250,000 in the South End. According to
Parkopedia's 2019 Global Parking
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At UK airports, it is rare for employees to pay for their car parking. Generally, the airports authority will charge for staff permits, but these permits will be purchased by employers and the cost not passed on to staff. Staff are generally more willing to park at a site away from the airport than
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in the modern market economy. Early economic analysis treated parking only as an end-of-trip cost. However, later work has recognised that parking is a major use of land in any urban area. According to the
International Parking Institute, "parking is a $ 25 billion industry and plays a pivotal role
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is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users. Countries and local governments have rules for
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potentially large numbers of motor vehicles in small geographic areas. Usually, the authorities set minimum, or more rarely maximum, numbers of motor vehicle parking spaces for new housing and commercial developments, and may also plan their location and distribution to influence their convenience
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context. The study suggests that block-level elasticities vary so widely that urban planners and economists cannot accurately predict the response in parking demand to a given change in price. The public policy implication is that planners should utilize observed occupancy rates in order to adjust
1016:
Most airports provide parking for patrons. Parking is normally split into short-stay parking, intended for those dropping off or picking up passengers, and long-stay parking, intended for staff and passengers who choose to drive to the airport. At larger airports, long-stay parking may be located
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Municipal parking regulation introduced controls for parking on public land, often funded through parking meters. However, with the growth of car use, the supply of on-street parking became insufficient to meet demand. City centre merchants called on municipalities to subsidise car parking in the
722:
In the graph to the right or below the value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip, per person for each mode of transportation; the value below the line shows subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect costs. When cities charge market rates for on-street parking and
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The cost of motor vehicle parking plays a major role in transportation choices (US, 1999 dollars). The value above the line represents the out-of-pocket cost per trip for each mode of transportation, while the value below the line accounts for subsidies, environmental impact, social and indirect
325:
is a concept of parking whereby people drive or cycle to a car park away from their destination and use public transport or another form of transport, such as bicycle hire schemes, to complete their journey. This is done to reduce the amount of traffic congestion and the need for parking in city
909:
In some jurisdictions, those in possession of the proper ID tags or license plates are also free from parking violation tickets for running over their metered time or parking in an inappropriate place, as some disabilities may prohibit the use of regular spaces. Illegally parking in a disabled
870:
German municipalities have variegated transport cultures and policies, however common federal laws govern the use of street space and the rights of motorists. German law privileges parked cars as traffic and constrains the ability of municipal governments to implement diverse parking policies.
856:
Tradeable parking allowances have been proposed for dense residential areas to reduce inequity and increase urban livability. In summary, each resident would receive an annual, fractional allowance for on-street parking. To park on the street, one must assemble a whole parking allowance by
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Parking
Generation is a document produced by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) that assembles a vast array of parking demand observations predominately from the United States. It summarizes the amount of parking observed with various land uses at different times of the
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further away from the terminal, while parking at the terminal will be more expensive. Some airports charge more for parking cars than for parking aircraft. Airports may be reluctant to discourage passengers from arriving at the airport by car due to the revenues generated.
826:, the practice of some people saving convenient roadway for themselves became controversial. At that time, many Boston districts had an informal convention that if a person shoveled the snow out of a roadspace, that person could claim ownership of that space with a
814:
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systems present drivers with dynamic information on parking within controlled areas (like parking garages and parking lots). The systems combine traffic monitoring, communication, processing and variable message sign technologies to provide the service.
996:
In
England, NHS hospitals are permitted to charge patients, staff and visitors for parking at the hospital. This has been criticised for adding extra costs to accessing healthcare. In Scotland and Wales, all hospital parking charges have been abolished.
735:
The average response in parking demand to a change in price (parking price elasticity) is -0.52 for commuting and -0.62 for non-commuting trips. Non-commuters also respond to parking fees by changing their parking duration if the price is per hour.
226:
On-street parking may be restricted for a number of reasons. Restrictions could include waiting prohibitions, which ban parking in certain areas; time restrictions; requirements to pay, e.g. at a
Parking meter or using a
957:
increased in Korea, the utilization rate of the traditional market sharply decreased. Accordingly, each local government has a large-scale parking lots near the traditional market and provides discounts to users.
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occurs, where drivers drive on streets in search of a parking space. It can also occur where there is supply of kerbside space, but parking restriction or payment costs discourage drivers from parking there.
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849:
and accessibility. The costs or subsidies of such parking accommodations can become a heated point in local politics. For example, in 2006 the San
Francisco Board of Supervisors considered a controversial
844:
In congested urban areas parking of motor vehicles is time-consuming and often expensive. Urban planners who are in a position to override market forces must consider whether and how to accommodate or
727:
and other taxes might be regarded as a very large subsidy for automobile use: much greater than common subsidies for the maintenance of infrastructure and discounted fares for public transportation.
886:) from their local prefecture's police, providing proof of their own off-street parking space that they either buy or rent, that is not located more than 2 kilometers from their place of residence.
874:
German legal principles determine that the use of public streets is for traffic, including car parking. Consequently, German motorists tend to assert a right to park for free on the public highway.
2151:
242:
On-street parking is often criticised for being a bad use of high-value public space, especially where parking is free. In some cities, authorities have replaced parking spaces with
1776:
Lehner, S.; Peer, S. (2019), The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis, Transportation
Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 121, March 2019, Pages 177-191" web|url=
410:
In urban areas, car parks compete with each other and curbside parking spaces. Drivers do not want to walk far from where they have parked, giving car parks local monopoly power.
220:
Curbside parking may be parallel, angled or perpendicular parking. Parallel parking is often considered a complicated maneuver for drivers, however uses the least road width.
1103:
based on time and location to keep approximately 15% of parking spaces open. Some South Boston spots also have sensors, so users of an app called Parker can find vacancies.
1431:
927:, there are many more vehicles than there are parking lots in the country, so parking lots are sometimes created as a way to utilize empty spaces where people are playing.
3110:
62:
2434:
1106:
Ford Motor
Company is developing a system called Parking Spotter, which allows vehicles to upload parking spot information into the cloud for other drivers to access.
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780:
prices so that target occupancy rates are achieved. Effective implementation will require further experimentation with and assessment of the tâtonnement process.
128:
Car parking is essential to car-based travel. Cars are typically stationary around 95 per cent of the time. The availability and price of car parking may support
302:
Fringe parking is an area for parking usually located outside the central business district and most often used by suburban residents who work or shop downtown.
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began to be converted into garages. In cities of the
Eastern US, many former livery stables, with lifts for carriages, continue to operate as garages today.
899:
132:. Significant amounts of urban land are devoted to car parking; in many North American city centers, half or more of all land is devoted to car parking.
2159:
818:
A parking space reserved for milk trucks at a Montebello cheese production facility. The French wording says "Camion à lait", which means "Milk truck").
1789:
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991:
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Surface regimes involve using a clear lot to provide a single level of parking. This may be a stand-alone car park or located around a building.
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Private parking is owned by a private entity. It may be available for use by the public or restricted to customers, employees or residents.
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in Korea, so the government is providing a lot of support for them, and the parking lot discount system for them is an example of that.
3258:
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in transportation, building design, quality of life and environmental issues". Annual parking revenue in the US alone is $ 10 billion.
3148:
2983:
1339:(ca. 700 BC) bore signs stating "Royal Road. Let no man lessen it." The penalty for illegal use was "death by impalement on a stake."
1180:
1095:, which has sensors embedded in the roadway. It allows drivers to find parking via mobile app, website, or SMS, and includes "smart"
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Persons of national merit and persons eligible for veterans benefits: 1 hour exemption / 50% discount for additional 1 hour afterwards
310:
1928:
2759:
2612:
2410:
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96:
2003:"Feasibility of tradeable on-street parking allowances in dense residential areas to reduce inequity and increase urban livability"
338:
and locks, as well as more modern technologies for security and convenience. For instance, one bicycle parking lot in Tokyo has an
1579:
1497:
235:, restricting parking to permit holders - often residents - only. Parking restrictions may be applied across a whole zone using a
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have mobile apps associated with the in-car system, that can locate the car or indicate the last place it was parked. Cars with
1067:
769:
346:
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One empirical study supports performance-based pricing by analyzing the block-level price elasticity of parking demand in the
190:
Public parking is managed by local government authorities and available for all members of the public to drive to and park in.
3102:
3052:
2633:
1862:"Understanding the Block-Level Price Elasticity of On-Street Parking Demand: A Case Study of San Francisco's SFpark Project"
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can be exempted from parking space requirement in some sparsely-populated areas. Overnight street parking is not allowed.
839:
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3072:
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Certain parking lots or garages may contain parking facilities for other vehicles, such as bicycle parking. Underneath
2973:
2819:
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78:
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When the supply of kerbside parking in a particular area is less than the demand for parking, a phenomenon known as
3190:
3062:
2978:
2935:
2870:
2681:
2071:
1543:
Shannon Sanders McDonald: The parking garage. Design and evolution of a modern urban form, Washington 2007, p. 7-21
2602:
1217:, the no parking whitebeam - so named because the type specimen was discovered with a no parking sign nailed to it
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2814:
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In addition to basic car parking, variations of serviced parking types exist. Common serviced parking types are:
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Statistically, the optimal strategy is to drive past the first empty spot and park in the next available spot.
845:
765:
339:
31:
1980:
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1116:
An amusing alliterative slang term for finding an ideal parking spot directly in front of ones destination is
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2829:
2025:"Free parking for free people: German road laws and rights as constraints on local car parking management"
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3000:
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2719:
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Parking lots specifically for bicycles are becoming more prevalent in many countries. These may include
272:
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On-street parking can act as inexpensive traffic calming by reducing the effective width of the street.
1044:
152:
2403:
Movie speak : how to talk like you belong on a film set : and get invited to the four-banger
2279:
2184:
2024:
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2002:
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and parking booking platforms that help drivers find parking take different approaches have emerged.
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228:
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Such facilities may be on-street parking, located on the street, or off-street parking, located in a
853:
plan to limit the number of motor vehicle parking spaces available in new residential developments.
232:
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Off-street parking can be a temporary usage for a land owner to extract value from a vacant lot.
2777:
796:
city centre to facilitate competition against new forms of car-centric commercial development.
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Parking is a heavy land use. The total land area of parking in the US is at least the size of
789:
403:
1954:
3299:
3252:
3007:
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2782:
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2250:
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1733:
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Index, the cost for 2 hours of parking in USD$ for the top 25 global cities is as follows:
394:
174:
140:
1932:
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1160:
744:
377:
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centres and to connect more people to public transport networks who may not be otherwise.
2580:
1220:
2535:
2228:
966:
The low birth rate problem in Korea is serious, and there is a lot of support for them.
3242:
3165:
2897:
2865:
2836:
2704:
2229:"Cruising for parking: New empirical evidence and influential factors on cruising time"
1295:
1207:
1195:
163:
129:
882:
In Japan, since 1962, to buy a car, one is required to obtain a "garage certificate" (
209:
109:
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3170:
3019:
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2714:
2551:
2056:
1861:
1414:
1305:
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962:
Traditional market users: 1 hour exemption & 50% off additional 1 hour afterwards
827:
800:
383:
366:
361:
322:
280:
122:
37:"Free parking" redirects here. For the card game inspired by the Monopoly board, see
2311:
1343:
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them
713:
349:, there is a three-storey underground bicycle park which can store 12,656 bicycles.
268:
or a hybrid of the two. Such structures may be incorporated into a wider structure.
2892:
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2824:
2749:
2689:
1300:
1190:
936:
284:
179:
74:
38:
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2200:
2040:
830:. However, city government defied that custom and cleared markers out of spaces.
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3180:
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2912:
2754:
1255:
924:
254:
198:
156:
2543:
1520:"Op-Ed: Why 'Parklets' for Recreational Use Should Replace Some Parking Spaces"
1383:"Morning Queues and Parking Problems. On the Broken Promises of the Automobile"
3226:
3024:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2724:
2484:
1398:
1315:
1074:
145:
2512:
Krapivsky, P.L.; Redner, S (19 September 2019). "Simple parking strategies".
2464:
2420:
2303:
2264:
2208:
2048:
1906:
1654:
1406:
910:
parking space or fraudulent use of another person's permit is heavily fined.
3268:
1777:
1637:. Special Issue on Collective Contributions in the Honor of Richard Arnott.
1382:
1201:
1170:
1118:
1085:
756:
260:
Structured regimes are buildings in which vehicles can be parked, including
2245:
186:
Parking facilities can be divided into public parking and private parking.
27:
Act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and usually leaving it unoccupied
17:
2638:
2489:
887:
724:
2255:
2183:
Aldridge, K.; Carreno, M.; Ison, S.; Rye, T.; Straker, I. (2006-11-01).
1914:
1890:
973:
Disabled person: 1 hour exemption / 50% off additional 1 hour afterwards
257:(or car parks) generally come in either a structured or surface regime.
2739:
2669:
315:
243:
217:
On-street parking can come in the form of curbside or central parking.
1127:
was shown to immediately drive into the perfect spot time after time.
2591:
1092:
850:
823:
776:
276:
2526:
294:
buildings. In Canada and South Africa, they are known as parkades.
1043:
1004:
857:
purchasing fractional allowances from others who do not own cars.
813:
755:
309:
208:
173:
162:
151:
139:
108:
2227:
Lee, Jinwoo (Brian); Agdas, Duzgun; Baker, Douglas (2017-10-25).
1839:
1602:"World's biggest bicycle park built below Utrecht train station"
1580:"Invisible Bicycles: Tokyo's High-Tech Underground Bike Parking"
1049:
159:
in New York City with capacity multiplied by stacking with lifts
2642:
45:
1088:
communicate to each other indicating recently vacated spots.
61:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2072:"Japan's proof-of-parking rule has an essential twin policy"
1981:"Supes to consider limit on parking spaces at new buildings"
2628:
1556:. Discount Park & Ride. 9 January 2015. Archived from
1713:"How much does it cost to buy a parking space in Boston?"
1668:
318:
allows people to park and take the train into the centre.
2152:"Letters: Cheaper to park a plane than a car at airport"
1123:
named for the American singer and actor who in numerous
2514:
Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
2351:"Do new parking apps pass the test? - The Boston Globe"
2139:
Korea Tip of the Day: Know your colors of parking spots
1345:. United States: Rutgers University Press. p. 184.
70:
2377:"Translogic 174: Ford envisions the future of parking"
1891:"Review of LOTS OF PARKING: Land Use in a Car Culture"
946:
Electric & Hydrogen & Hybrid vehicles: 50% Off
2185:"Car parking management at airports: A special case?"
1818:
1790:"Redwood City Redevelopment | Downtown Parking"
943:
Full discounts on eco-friendly cars are also active.
3217:
3189:
3134:
3101:
3043:
2964:
2911:
2807:
2768:
2680:
2569:
1048:A sign indicating that no parking is allowed on a
2116:"Japan's Proof-of-Parking rule (shako shomeisho)"
1688:"Why New Parking Facilities Should Be Recyclable"
1358:""Cars are parked 95% of the time". Let's check!"
362:Carport (open-air single-level covered parking)
3111:Commercial Driver's License Information System
2604:Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World
3159:Disabled parking permits of the United States
2654:
59:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2433:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
386:within car parks may be variously arranged.
2485:"Where to park your car, according to math"
2453:"Los Angeles Wants Its 'Doris Day' Parking"
2661:
2647:
2639:
2437:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1756:Graph based on data from Vukan R. Vuchic,
900:Parking restrictions in the United Kingdom
416:
2525:
2254:
2244:
1778:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.01.014
1752:
1750:
97:Learn how and when to remove this message
3093:List of countries by minimum driving age
2092:"JDM 4 all | Getting garage certificate"
1955:"Boston Fights Winter Parking Tradition"
992:National Health Service hospital parking
712:
393:
2326:"Parking App Haystack Banned in Boston"
2158:. Melbourne. 2012-04-21. Archived from
1983:. San Francisco Chronicle. pp. B–2
1792:. Ci.redwood-city.ca.us. Archived from
1426:
1424:
1328:
1271:Parking space reservation in snowstorms
2566:
2426:
1686:van Rooij, Rogier (17 November 2017).
1631:"A review of the economics of parking"
398:Free parking has hidden societal costs
213:Cars parked on the sidewalk in Moscow.
2222:
2220:
2218:
2178:
2176:
1884:
1882:
1624:
1622:
1498:"Street Wise: Traffic Calming Basics"
402:Parking is one of the most important
167:An underground parking garage at the
113:Cars parked at the side of the street
7:
1817:. SFpark. 2012-12-17. Archived from
2023:Taylor, Dr Elizabeth (2021-02-01).
1091:San Francisco uses a system called
760:Electronic Parking System exit gate
3149:Decriminalised parking enforcement
1181:Decriminalised parking enforcement
25:
2956:Category: Speed limits by country
2760:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
2233:Journal of Transport and Land Use
1758:Transportation for Livable Cities
275:for motor vehicles was opened in
2575:
2375:Autoblog Staff (14 April 2015).
1276:Parking guidance and information
1110:Parking guidance and information
953:As the number of users of large
792:is an aspect of urban planning.
50:
2629:International Parking Institute
2584:interview with Henry Grabar on
2278:Shoup, Donald C. (2006-11-01).
1931:. Boston Online. Archived from
1673:International Parking Institute
981:Parking at various destinations
970:Multi-child households: 50% off
788:The management of parking as a
3103:Traffic violations reciprocity
1953:Finer, Jonathan (2005-01-01).
1502:Planning Commissioners Journal
1:
3126:Non-Resident Violator Compact
3068:Inter-American Driving Permit
2296:10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.005
2201:10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.002
2041:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.11.013
1582:. Web Urbanist. 26 March 2015
1432:The High Cost of Free Parking
840:Parking minimums and maximums
834:Parking minimums and maximums
822:During the winter of 2005 in
768:and are being implemented in
750:The High Cost of Free Parking
271:In the U.S., after the first
3073:International Driving Permit
2931:Assured clear distance ahead
2745:School bus traffic stop laws
2730:Left- and right-hand traffic
2695:Assured clear distance ahead
1979:Vega, Cecilia (2006-02-07).
1647:10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.001
949:Compact cars: 50% to 60% off
747:in 2005 argued in his book,
429:
424:
419:
262:multi-storey parking garages
3088:Driving licences by country
3053:Commercial driver's license
2799:Rules of the Road (Ireland)
2070:Barter, Paul (2014-06-04).
1734:"Global Parking Index 2019"
1635:Economics of Transportation
1554:"The Guide to Parking Lots"
1496:Untermann, Richard (1997).
1381:Hagman, Olle (2006-03-01).
1356:Paul, Barter (2013-02-22).
378:Peer-to-peer shared parking
73:, discuss the issue on the
3316:
3063:Graduated driver licensing
2936:National Maximum Speed Law
2401:Bill, Tony, 1940- (2008).
1068:Automated Parking Guidance
1028:
989:
897:
837:
36:
29:
2996:Mobile phones and driving
2574:
2405:. New York: Workman Pub.
1629:Inci, Eren (2015-03-01).
1399:10.1080/17450100500489247
1291:Residential zoned parking
3259:"How's my driving?" sign
3116:Driver License Agreement
3058:European driving licence
2788:The Highway Code (Malta)
2607:. Penguin Random House.
2544:10.1088/1742-5468/ab3a2a
1889:Mapes, Jennifer (2006).
1842:. Expresspark.lacity.org
1453:www.britishparking.co.uk
1449:"How parking is managed"
1214:Karpatiosorbus admonitor
1146:Automated parking system
919:Shortage of parking lots
766:Redwood City, California
731:Parking price elasticity
340:automated parking system
250:Parking lots and garages
32:Parking (disambiguation)
3154:Disabled parking permit
2951:Speed limits by country
2946:Speed limit enforcement
2001:Barrrett, Kirk (2018).
1473:"Parallel Parking | AA"
1186:Disabled parking permit
1176:Controlled parking zone
1166:Bicycle parking station
347:Utrecht Central station
237:controlled parking zone
169:University of Minnesota
3237:Drivers' working hours
3209:Clunk Click Every Trip
3144:Alternate-side parking
3121:Driver License Compact
2830:Field sobriety testing
2601:Grabar, Henry (2023).
2280:"Cruising for parking"
2246:10.5198/jtlu.2017.1142
1715:. Constantine Valhouli
1141:Alternate side parking
1052:
1013:
819:
761:
719:
399:
371:Meet and Greet Parking
319:
314:A station car park in
214:
183:
171:
160:
149:
114:
3001:Texting while driving
2921:85th percentile speed
2735:Bidirectional traffic
2720:New Zealand Road Code
2700:Australian Road Rules
1311:Women's parking space
1231:Multi-storey car park
1156:Back-in angle parking
1125:romantic comedy films
1099:and garages that use
1047:
1009:Long-stay parking at
1008:
817:
759:
716:
397:
336:bicycle parking racks
313:
273:public parking garage
212:
177:
166:
155:
143:
112:
3248:Epilepsy and driving
2926:Advisory speed limit
2851:Road traffic control
2634:Etymology of Parking
2120:Parking Reform Atlas
810:Parking restrictions
374:Park and Fly Parking
144:A parking garage in
79:create a new article
71:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3274:Slow moving vehicle
3264:Old age and driving
2815:Parking enforcement
2536:2019JSMTE..09.3404K
2493:. 20 September 2019
1840:"LADOT ParkingInfo"
1362:Reinventing parking
1341:Lay, M. G. (1992).
1337:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1236:Omniview technology
1226:Men's parking space
935:There are not many
740:Performance parking
266:underground parking
201:or parking garage.
182:in a parking garage
3232:Digital tachograph
3204:Click It or Ticket
3030:Vehicular homicide
2991:Distracted driving
1053:
1031:Parking Generation
1014:
861:Parking by country
820:
762:
720:
404:Intermediate goods
400:
320:
215:
184:
172:
161:
150:
136:Parking facilities
121:design and use of
115:
3287:
3286:
3191:Automotive safety
3176:Parking violation
3035:Wrong-way driving
2966:Moving violations
2682:Rules of the road
2597:
2596:
2457:Los Angeles Times
1524:NJ Spotlight News
1281:Parking violation
1241:Overspill parking
1151:Automatic parking
1011:Edinburgh Airport
955:supermarket chain
772:and Los Angeles.
711:
710:
205:On-street parking
107:
106:
99:
81:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3307:
3253:Hours of service
3078:Learner's permit
3045:Driver licensing
3008:Reckless driving
2974:Impaired driving
2820:Impaired driving
2793:Road Users' Code
2783:The Highway Code
2770:Road user guides
2710:Green Cross Code
2663:
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2189:Transport Policy
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2029:Transport Policy
2020:
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1378:
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1347:
1346:
1333:
1286:Predatory towing
1246:Parallel parking
1113:available spot.
1101:variable pricing
1021:passengers too.
417:
353:Types of parking
279:, May 24, 1898,
102:
95:
91:
88:
82:
54:
53:
46:
21:
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2907:
2846:Pretextual stop
2803:
2778:Driver's manual
2764:
2676:
2667:
2625:
2615:
2600:
2588:, June 11, 2023
2576:
2570:External videos
2565:
2563:Further reading
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2355:BostonGlobe.com
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2141:- Stripes Korea
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1959:Washington Post
1952:
1951:
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1936:
1927:
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1922:
1888:
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1860:Shriver, Adam.
1859:
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1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1760:, p. 76. 1999.
1755:
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1600:
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1585:
1583:
1578:
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1573:
1563:
1561:
1560:on 2 April 2015
1552:
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1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:Donald C. Shoup
1429:
1422:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1161:Bicycle parking
1136:
1042:
1040:Finding parking
1033:
1027:
1003:
994:
988:
983:
933:
931:Discount system
921:
916:
907:
902:
896:
884:shako shomeisho
880:
868:
863:
846:"demand manage"
842:
836:
812:
786:
745:Donald C. Shoup
742:
733:
392:
355:
332:
330:Bicycle parking
308:
300:
252:
231:facility; or a
207:
138:
103:
92:
86:
83:
68:
55:
51:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3285:
3284:
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3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3245:
3243:Drowsy driving
3240:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Seat belt laws
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Double parking
3163:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
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3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3013:Brake checking
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
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2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2898:Traffic ticket
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:Highway patrol
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
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2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
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2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Boulevard rule
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2623:External links
2621:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2595:
2594:
2586:Paved Paradise
2572:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2504:
2476:
2459:. 2002-03-30.
2444:
2411:
2393:
2367:
2342:
2317:
2290:(6): 479–486.
2270:
2214:
2195:(6): 511–521.
2172:
2143:
2131:
2107:
2083:
2062:
2015:
1993:
1971:
1961:. pp. A02
1945:
1920:
1901:(2): 100–102.
1878:
1852:
1831:
1806:
1781:
1769:
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1678:
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1420:
1373:
1348:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Shared parking
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1208:Garage parking
1205:
1198:
1196:Double parking
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1097:parking meters
1082:connected cars
1041:
1038:
1029:Main article:
1026:
1023:
1002:
999:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
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964:
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932:
929:
920:
917:
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912:
906:
903:
898:Main article:
895:
894:United Kingdom
892:
879:
876:
867:
864:
862:
859:
838:Main article:
835:
832:
811:
808:
785:
782:
741:
738:
732:
729:
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708:
705:
702:
698:
697:
694:
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690:United States
687:
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672:
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602:United States
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503:United Kingdom
500:
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470:United States
467:
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438:
434:
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391:
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384:Parking spaces
381:
380:
375:
372:
369:
364:
354:
351:
331:
328:
307:
304:
299:
298:Fringe parking
296:
281:livery stables
251:
248:
206:
203:
195:
194:
191:
137:
134:
130:car dependency
123:parking spaces
105:
104:
87:September 2024
65:of the subject
63:worldwide view
58:
56:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3200:
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3194:
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3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Parking chair
3169:
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3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
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3142:
3141:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Street racing
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
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2992:
2989:
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2984:United States
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2901:
2899:
2896:
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2891:
2889:
2888:Traffic guard
2886:
2884:
2883:Traffic court
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
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2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Move over law
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
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2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
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2679:
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2664:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2614:9781984881137
2610:
2606:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2520:(9): 093404.
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2412:9780761156307
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2313:
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2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
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2274:
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2257:
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2247:
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2238:
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2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2162:on 2014-01-01
2161:
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2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2097:
2093:
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2084:
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2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
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2030:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1935:on 2008-02-20
1934:
1930:
1929:"Snow chairs"
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1821:on 2013-01-04
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1736:. Parkopedia
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2795:(Hong Kong)
2755:Turn on red
2670:Traffic law
1697:17 November
1256:Parking lot
1075:Mobile apps
925:South Korea
914:South Korea
671:Los Angeles
558:Netherlands
233:permit zone
199:parking lot
157:Parking lot
18:Parking fee
3227:Tachograph
3025:Tailgating
2861:Textalyzer
2856:Terry stop
2725:Overtaking
2527:1904.06612
2470:2019-06-18
2386:13 October
2360:13 October
2335:13 October
2330:Boston.com
2166:2012-04-21
2125:2024-06-19
2101:2024-06-19
2077:2024-06-19
2008:6 February
1987:2008-04-10
1965:2008-04-10
1939:2008-04-10
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1825:2013-01-12
1800:2013-01-12
1740:2021-01-21
1719:2021-09-13
1612:2021-10-24
1530:2021-10-24
1482:2021-10-24
1458:2021-10-24
1387:Mobilities
1367:2021-11-09
1323:References
1316:Zone Bleue
1025:Statistics
990:See also:
605:Baltimore
146:Gloucester
3269:Road rage
2876:Red light
2552:118597754
2465:0458-3035
2429:cite book
2421:759839493
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2265:1938-7849
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1907:0883-3680
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1171:Car condo
1119:Doris Day
1086:Internavi
986:Hospitals
784:Geography
638:Auckland
594:San Diego
561:Amsterdam
484:Melbourne
481:Australia
459:Australia
448:Australia
390:Economics
148:, England
75:talk page
3294:Category
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2490:Phys.org
2381:Autoblog
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1915:29764358
1815:"SFpark"
1586:27 March
1564:27 March
1508:: 12–14.
1134:See also
1057:cruising
1001:Airports
888:Kei cars
790:land use
725:fuel tax
693:Seattle
682:Toronto
660:Montreal
630:$ 10.10
619:$ 10.10
608:$ 10.45
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473:Chicago
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462:Brisbane
454:$ 27.37
443:$ 34.94
440:New York
244:Parklets
69:You may
3300:Parking
3136:Parking
2903:Warning
2582:Q&A
2532:Bibcode
2156:The Age
1121:parking
866:Germany
707:$ 9.25
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1911:JSTOR
1669:"IPI"
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1080:Some
878:Japan
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536:Japan
431:Price
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