1912:. Both assemblies have committees that write reports on a variety of topics. If necessary, they can establish parliamentary commissions of inquiry with broad investigative power. However, this is almost never exercised because the majority can reject a proposition by the opposition to create an investigatory commission. Also, such a commission may only be created if it does not interfere with a judicial investigation, meaning that in order to cancel its creation, one just needs to press charges on the topic concerned by the investigatory commission. Since 2008, the opposition may impose the creation of an investigative commission once a year, even against the wishes of the majority. However, they still cannot lead investigations if there is a judicial case in process already (or that starts after the commission is formed).
573:
74:
2788:
615:
671:
595:
316:
212:
1189:
1904:
The government (or, when it sits in session every
Wednesday, the cabinet) exerts considerable influence on the agenda of Parliament. The government can link its term to a legislative text which it proposes, and unless a motion of censure is introduced within 24 hours of the proposal and passed within
2712:
In France, for nearly a century, article 121 of the Penal Code punished with civic degradation all police officers, all prosecutors and all judges if they had caused, issued or signed a judgment, an order or a warrant, tending to a personal process or an accusation against a member of the Senate or
1875:
and other government
Ministers are appointed by the President, who is under no constitutional or other mandatory obligation to make governmental appointments from the ranks of the majority party in parliament. This is a safeguard that was introduced by the founder of the Fifth Republic,
1832:
voting in two rounds for a term of five years, notwithstanding a dissolution of the
Assembly. Each constituency has around 100,000 residents, though some variance of size exists between rural and urban constituencies. For example, the Val-d'Oise constituency has 188,000 electors, while
1905:
48 hours of introduction – thus full procedures last at most 72 hours – the text is considered adopted without a vote. However, this procedure was limited by a 2008 constitutional amendment. Legislative initiative rests with the
National Assembly.
304:
1884:
seen in the parliamentary regimes of the Third and Fourth
Republics; however, in practice the prime minister and other ministers usually do belong to the majority party. A notable exception to this custom occurred during
1342:
The word "Parliament", in the modern meaning of the term, appeared in France in the 19th century, at the time of the constitutional monarchy of 1830â1848. It is never mentioned in any constitutional text until the
2829:
1339:
in France, which were courts of justice and tribunals with certain political functions varying from province to province and as to whether the local law was written and Roman, or customary common law.
1868:. As a result, the government usually consists of members from the political party that dominates the Assembly and must be supported by a majority there to prevent a vote of no-confidence.
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3829:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3609:
3057:
2822:
1347:
in 1946. Before that time, reference was made to "les
Chambres" or to each assembly, whatever its name, but unlike in Great Britain, the legislature as a whole had no name as such.
277:
806:
259:
154:
698:
4366:
2815:
268:
4621:
1844:, who consist of deputies, regional councillors, departmental councillors and representatives of municipal councillors. The latter constitute 95% of the electoral body.
4851:
4198:
1893:-level junior ministers to his government. The rare periods during which the president is not from the same political party as the prime minister are usually known as
1138:
4795:
2577:
1834:
4142:
3935:
3501:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
1723:
64:
5080:
4841:
4321:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
1226:
5108:
2296:
986:
822:
295:
132:
4752:
3274:
4135:
390:
4636:
4371:
3100:
2769:. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2000. An anthropological study of the French National Assembly, of its personnel, lawmakers, codes of behaviors and rites.
4708:
3649:
3634:
1344:
3402:
3062:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
4033:
2680:
The
Tribunate was abolished by a decree of the Senate in 1807, with its remaining functions and members absorbed into the Corps législatif.
2624:
2241:
2157:
2111:
1981:
435:
165:
4998:
4788:
4703:
4626:
3756:
3519:
3175:
3165:
2586:
2385:
1579:
1092:
875:
572:
5103:
4688:
4670:
4381:
4336:
4263:
3604:
1794:
1680:
890:
373:
5048:
4978:
4866:
4693:
4673:
4561:
4491:
4301:
3576:
3561:
2699:
Source in French: Stéphane
Mandard (2007) Un rapport préconisait le remodelage des circonscriptions avant les législatives de 2007,
1703:
1306:
1175:
967:
833:
751:
585:
4416:
5098:
5058:
4953:
4871:
4571:
4566:
4376:
3844:
3685:
3639:
3052:
2716:
2523:
2394:
1749:
1219:
1069:
977:
957:
927:
559:
527:
5223:
5213:
4739:
4386:
1351:
1074:
853:
408:
4115:
1305:
Each house has its own regulations and rules of procedure. However, occasionally they may meet as a single house known as the
5228:
5118:
5043:
4836:
4781:
4762:
4757:
4273:
4218:
4178:
3864:
3439:
1147:
2250:
1117:
5208:
4551:
4258:
3787:
3429:
3407:
3348:
3343:
2948:
2532:
2193:
1952:
1470:
1411:
1127:
1084:
858:
801:
453:
241:
4856:
4556:
4268:
3854:
3333:
3170:
2412:
2102:
1555:
1522:
1444:
1199:
726:
1112:
5218:
5113:
5023:
4983:
4911:
4826:
4665:
4576:
4511:
4311:
4243:
4238:
4203:
3972:
3692:
3566:
3556:
3304:
3145:
3093:
2850:
1957:
1921:
1769:
1744:
1638:
1617:
1421:
1398:
1212:
1132:
1105:
863:
652:
543:
511:
761:
736:
5198:
5018:
4846:
4541:
4356:
4326:
4193:
3883:
3804:
3571:
3481:
3460:
3160:
3150:
3140:
2838:
2541:
2139:
1937:
1829:
1499:
1434:
1281:
1024:
922:
797:
626:
552:
520:
486:
324:
199:
116:
1122:
5063:
5013:
5008:
4968:
4821:
4531:
4431:
4411:
4306:
4253:
4063:
3819:
3734:
3707:
3624:
3551:
3419:
3264:
1894:
1550:
426:
399:
4973:
4943:
4933:
4644:
4471:
4451:
3644:
3614:
3219:
2660:
2633:
2605:
2432:
2423:
2278:
2230:
2148:
2074:
1872:
868:
746:
286:
143:
73:
2559:
2055:
581:
1852:
Normally, the parliament meets for a single nine-month session each year but under special circumstances the
4501:
4183:
3900:
3729:
3675:
3629:
3318:
1990:
1865:
1454:
1079:
917:
684:
5203:
5136:
4698:
4586:
4466:
4391:
4351:
4346:
4316:
4278:
4248:
4228:
4005:
3967:
3925:
3910:
3702:
3524:
3424:
3086:
2514:
2459:
2019:
1932:
1909:
1320:
1170:
355:
78:
5003:
4963:
4896:
4886:
4816:
4660:
4611:
4521:
4486:
4476:
4461:
4436:
4406:
4341:
4296:
4233:
3930:
3920:
3712:
3536:
3444:
3379:
2842:
2120:
1857:
1259:
1064:
1043:
691:
1475:
1290:). Each assembly conducts legislative sessions at separate locations in Paris: the Senate meets in the
614:
5146:
5028:
4993:
4536:
4526:
4516:
4506:
4446:
4361:
4331:
4208:
3955:
3496:
3434:
3323:
3214:
2486:
2046:
2037:
1316:
771:
713:
250:
5177:
5068:
4958:
4906:
4861:
4831:
4606:
4596:
4456:
4401:
4223:
4213:
4188:
4038:
3995:
3915:
3869:
3746:
3739:
3719:
3680:
3592:
3384:
3353:
3328:
3294:
3196:
3191:
2642:
2495:
2441:
2221:
2212:
2175:
2083:
2010:
1853:
1480:
1449:
1057:
932:
908:
846:
810:
721:
364:
161:
5151:
4928:
4683:
4481:
4426:
3950:
3895:
3849:
3697:
3663:
3247:
3067:
2762:
2450:
2351:
1947:
1890:
1165:
962:
661:
444:
335:
232:
2366:
2333:
1856:
can call an additional session. Parliamentary power was limited after the establishment of the
4096:
4078:
4073:
4058:
4043:
3982:
3945:
3859:
3792:
3782:
3770:
3619:
3546:
3369:
3269:
3155:
3135:
3112:
2477:
2305:
2184:
1942:
1898:
1877:
1861:
1291:
898:
826:
670:
602:
478:
346:
139:
5033:
4546:
4010:
3962:
3834:
3809:
3472:
3311:
3299:
2807:
2568:
1336:
1033:
972:
952:
777:
495:
489:
472:
28:
1354:, all have had a legislative body of varying names, which has for most of its history been
5161:
4734:
4496:
4105:
4068:
4053:
4048:
3990:
3905:
3465:
3206:
1886:
1818:
1782:
1595:
1571:
1545:
1363:
1267:
1244:
947:
817:
732:
606:
594:
536:
504:
469:
417:
220:
192:
111:
3451:
2748:
Frank R. Baumgartner, "Parliament's
Capacity to Expand Political Controversy in France",
5053:
4028:
4023:
4015:
3839:
3797:
3374:
2787:
2651:
2403:
2324:
2287:
1295:
622:
315:
2724:
1331:
The French
Parliament, as a legislative body, should not be confused with the various
5192:
4729:
4724:
4441:
4288:
4110:
3940:
3724:
3412:
2713:
of the legislative body, without the authorization prescribed by the Constitutions:
2468:
2166:
1999:
1881:
1643:
1359:
1193:
995:
757:
2342:
4159:
3824:
3529:
3486:
3286:
3257:
1355:
4773:
4127:
27:
This article is about the post-revolutionary and present-day institution. For the
17:
4581:
4162:
3491:
3394:
3239:
1825:) and the lower National Assembly, which have 349 and 577 members respectively.
1299:
1277:
1263:
5141:
4921:
4421:
4170:
4000:
3229:
1255:
1015:
1005:
1000:
211:
4901:
4881:
4876:
4678:
3338:
2028:
1860:; however, the National Assembly can still cause a government to fall if an
1332:
1252:
942:
96:
32:
2550:
2259:
4988:
1485:
2797:
Site of the CHPP (Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique) and of
5156:
5038:
4916:
4616:
3252:
3120:
1010:
937:
2757:
1817:
The current Parliament is composed of two chambers: the upper Senate (
5073:
4948:
4938:
3541:
3109:
2753:
3814:
3224:
3078:
4777:
4131:
3082:
2811:
2796:
1840:
Senators are elected by indirect universal suffrage by the
1828:
Deputies, who sit in the National Assembly, are elected by
639:
2781:
1352:
varied constitutional structures used in France since 1791
1889:'s premiership when he appointed socialist ministers and
1901:
is led by the President rather than the Prime Minister.
2752:, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Feb. 1987), pp. 33–54.
5170:
5127:
5089:
4809:
4717:
4653:
4635:
4595:
4287:
4169:
3981:
3882:
3769:
3662:
3591:
3512:
3393:
3362:
3285:
3238:
3205:
3184:
3128:
3119:
3045:
2947:
2849:
699:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
632:
565:
549:
533:
517:
501:
484:
467:
462:
322:
218:
179:
174:
152:
130:
125:
104:
90:
85:
45:
1572:Additional Act to the Constitutions of the Empire
4789:
4143:
3094:
2823:
1724:Provisional Government of the French Republic
1220:
65:17th Legislature of the French Fifth Republic
8:
4699:Yugoslavia (1931â1939, 1945â1963, 1974â1992)
3470:
3449:
3309:
1310:
1285:
1271:
52:
4796:
4782:
4774:
4150:
4136:
4128:
3888:
3775:
3668:
3597:
3125:
3101:
3087:
3079:
2830:
2816:
2808:
2786:
1227:
1213:
647:
72:
42:
1880:, to attempt to prevent the disarray and
2799:Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique
1368:
1294:, the National Assembly convenes at the
2692:
2673:
1969:
659:
1139:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
4709:Ottoman Empire (1876â1878, 1908â1920)
7:
1795:Dissolution of the French Parliament
1556:Chambre des députés des départements
1681:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
155:President of the National Assembly
25:
2717:"ImmunitĂ parlamentari: Why not?"
1704:French Constitutional Law of 1940
1307:Congress of the French Parliament
834:Congress of the French Parliament
4753:National unicameral legislatures
4367:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3053:Parliamentary immunity in France
1345:Constitution of the 4th Republic
1187:
876:Cour de Justice de la RĂ©publique
669:
613:
593:
571:
314:
210:
4804:National legislatures in Europe
4740:List of legislatures by country
1864:of the legislators votes for a
1362:and more unorthodox forms with
38:Bicameral legislature of France
4666:Confederate States (1862â1865)
3440:Government of National Defense
1148:Politics of the European Union
1:
3349:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
3344:War of the Spanish Succession
2750:Legislative Studies Quarterly
1953:Member of Parliament (France)
1471:Constitution of the Year VIII
1312:CongrÚs du Parlement français
1128:France and the United Nations
79:Emblem of the French Republic
1837:near Canada has just 6,000.
1765:
1740:
1719:
1699:
1676:
1658:
1634:
1613:
1591:
1567:
1541:
1523:Constitution of the Year XII
1518:
1495:
1466:
1445:Constitution of the Year III
1440:
1417:
1394:
2767:Un ethnologue à l'Assemblée
2715:Buonomo, Giampiero (2014).
1958:List of French legislatures
1922:List of French legislatures
1813:Election of representatives
1770:French Constitution of 1958
1745:French Constitution of 1946
1639:French Constitution of 1852
1618:French Constitution of 1848
1422:French Constitution of 1793
1399:French Constitution of 1791
5245:
4671:Czechoslovakia (1920â1939)
3830:French subdivisions by GDP
3577:2022 presidential election
3562:2017 presidential election
1919:
1783:Parlement réuni en CongrÚs
1580:Chamber of Representatives
1500:Constitution of the Year X
1319:, to revise and amend the
978:Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
26:
4748:
4704:FR Yugoslavia (1992â2003)
4091:
3891:
3778:
3671:
3600:
3334:Second Hundred Years' War
3176:Liberalism and radicalism
637:
621:
612:
601:
592:
579:
570:
313:
209:
71:
62:
4689:Soviet Union (1938â1991)
4622:Northern Mariana Islands
3605:Administrative divisions
1835:Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
1750:Conseil de la RĂ©publique
891:Administrative divisions
651:This article is part of
627:French National Assembly
3825:Franc (former currency)
3430:Coup of 2 December 1851
3403:Long nineteenth century
1866:motion of no confidence
1848:Organization and powers
923:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
625:, meeting place of the
605:, meeting place of the
528:30 June and 7 July 2024
133:President of the Senate
5224:Bicameral legislatures
5214:Parliaments by country
4852:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4199:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3845:Science and technology
3502:Provisional Government
3471:
3450:
3310:
1933:Constitution of France
1910:parliamentary immunity
1822:
1455:Conseil des Cinq-Cents
1364:three or more chambers
1321:Constitution of France
1311:
1286:
1272:
1248:
854:Constitutional Council
53:
5229:National legislatures
4763:National upper houses
4758:National lower houses
4661:Venezuela (1811-1999)
4372:Republic of the Congo
2843:French Fifth Republic
1412:Assemblée législative
1260:French Fifth Republic
582:ChĂąteau de Versailles
147:since 1 October 2014
5209:Government of France
3650:World Heritage Sites
3567:Coronavirus pandemic
1938:Government of France
1899:Cabinet of Ministers
1736:Assemblée Nationale
1672:Assemblée Nationale
1630:Assemblée Nationale
1317:Palace of Versailles
1292:Palais du Luxembourg
1262:, consisting of the
918:Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes
909:Metropolitan regions
603:Palais du Luxembourg
5090:States with limited
4679:Estonia (1938â1940)
4562:Trinidad and Tobago
4302:Antigua and Barbuda
3788:Automotive industry
3572:2021 labor protests
3329:Peace of Westphalia
3197:History of Normandy
3192:History of Brittany
3058:Numbers of deputies
2727:on 11 December 2019
1854:President of France
1830:first past the post
1777:Assemblée Nationale
1754:Assemblée Nationale
1693:Assemblée Nationale
1688:Chamber of Deputies
1603:Chamber of Deputies
1450:Conseil des Anciens
1435:Assemblée Nationale
1315:), convened at the
1287:Assemblée nationale
933:Centre-Val de Loire
169:since 28 June 2022
5219:Politics of France
4684:Serbia (1901â1903)
4382:Dominican Republic
3855:Telecommunications
3557:2015 Paris attacks
3420:Revolution of 1848
3248:Visigothic Kingdom
1948:Politics of France
1908:Legislators enjoy
1891:Secretary of State
1527:SĂ©nat conservateur
1504:SĂ©nat conservateur
1476:SĂ©nat conservateur
1249:Parlement français
1176:Political scandals
963:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
864:Court of Cassation
662:Politics of France
54:Parlement français
18:Parlement français
5199:French Parliament
5186:
5185:
4771:
4770:
4694:Texas (1836â1845)
4599:other territories
4387:Equatorial Guinea
4125:
4124:
4087:
4086:
3878:
3877:
3765:
3764:
3757:Political parties
3693:Foreign relations
3658:
3657:
3587:
3586:
3370:French Revolution
3324:Thirty Years' War
3305:Absolute monarchy
3270:Kingdom of France
3166:Foreign relations
3146:Political history
3076:
3075:
3068:Lists of deputies
3063:Women as deputies
1943:History of France
1878:Charles de Gaulle
1862:absolute majority
1810:
1809:
1358:(though at times
1282:National Assembly
1241:French Parliament
1237:
1236:
1194:France portal
1133:Foreign alliances
1106:Foreign relations
1093:Political parties
798:National Assembly
646:
645:
553:National Assembly
544:By September 2026
521:National Assembly
512:24 September 2023
487:National Assembly
479:Indirect election
325:National Assembly
200:National Assembly
117:National Assembly
47:French Parliament
31:institution, see
16:(Redirected from
5236:
5128:Dependencies and
5064:Northern Ireland
4810:Sovereign states
4798:
4791:
4784:
4775:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4129:
3889:
3805:Economic history
3776:
3669:
3598:
3476:
3455:
3354:Seven Years' War
3319:Wars of Religion
3315:
3300:House of Bourbon
3295:Early modern era
3275:Fundamental laws
3151:Military history
3126:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3080:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2809:
2804:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2782:Official website
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2723:. Archived from
2710:
2704:
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2678:
2666:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2611:
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2585:
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2567:
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2549:
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2531:
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2341:
2332:
2323:
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2311:
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2265:
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2220:
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2205:
2199:
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2183:
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2156:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1842:grands Ă©lecteurs
1648:Corps législatif
1600:Chamber of Peers
1576:Chamber of Peers
1551:Chamber of Peers
1530:Corps législatif
1507:Corps législatif
1481:Corps législatif
1369:
1327:History and name
1314:
1289:
1275:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1034:French Polynesia
1025:Overseas country
987:Overseas regions
973:Pays de la Loire
859:Council of State
811:Yaël Braun-Pivet
673:
648:
642:
617:
597:
575:
496:Two-round system
452:
443:
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425:
416:
407:
398:
389:
372:
363:
354:
345:
327:political groups
318:
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294:
285:
276:
267:
258:
249:
240:
231:
223:political groups
214:
162:Yaël Braun-Pivet
76:
57:
56:
43:
21:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5166:
5129:
5123:
5109:Northern Cyprus
5091:
5085:
4984:North Macedonia
4805:
4802:
4772:
4767:
4744:
4735:Multicameralism
4713:
4649:
4631:
4598:
4591:
4283:
4165:
4156:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4101:
4083:
4064:Public holidays
3977:
3936:Life expectancy
3874:
3761:
3654:
3583:
3552:Great Recession
3525:Fourth Republic
3520:1900 to present
3508:
3425:Second Republic
3389:
3358:
3281:
3234:
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3180:
3115:
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3077:
3072:
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2791:
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2776:
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2743:Further reading
2740:
2730:
2728:
2721:L'Ago e Il Filo
2714:
2711:
2707:
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2690:
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2099:
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2092:
2080:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1887:Nicolas Sarkozy
1850:
1815:
1741:1946–1958
1720:1944–1946
1700:1940–1944
1677:1875–1940
1659:1871–1875
1635:1852–1870
1614:1848–1852
1596:Charter of 1830
1592:1830–1848
1546:Charter of 1814
1542:1814–1815
1519:1804–1814
1496:1802–1804
1467:1799–1802
1441:1795–1799
1390:Single chamber
1329:
1233:
1204:
1200:Other countries
1188:
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1038:
1020:
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948:Hauts-de-France
904:
893:
883:
882:
879:
849:
839:
838:
793:
783:
782:
767:
742:
733:Emmanuel Macron
716:
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687:
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5174:
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5171:Other entities
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4607:American Samoa
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4377:Czech Republic
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4020:Cultural icons
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3615:Climate change
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3410:
3405:
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3380:First Republic
3377:
3375:Napoleonic era
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3220:Greek colonies
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3200:
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2774:External links
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1960:
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1920:Main article:
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1873:Prime Minister
1858:Fifth Republic
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1366:have existed)
1328:
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1298:, both on the
1296:Palais Bourbon
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1160:Related topics
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827:GĂ©rard Larcher
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4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:Liechtenstein
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:Tricameralism
4728:
4726:
4725:Unicameralism
4723:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4637:Non-UN states
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4597:Dependent and
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4279:United States
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Birth control
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:Constitutions
3674:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:Années folles
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Second Empire
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:July Monarchy
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:Ancien RĂ©gime
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3273:
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3268:
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3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
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3231:
3228:
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3127:
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2497:
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2479:
2478:La Convention
2473:
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2255:
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2201:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
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2171:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:horse-trading
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1836:
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1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:Joint sitting
1386:
1384:Other chamber
1383:
1381:Lower chamber
1380:
1378:Upper chamber
1377:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:unicameralism
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1337:Ancien RĂ©gime
1334:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:French Guiana
994:
993:
989:
988:
984:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:Ăle-de-France
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
910:
906:
905:
901:
900:
896:
895:
892:
887:
886:
878:
877:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
843:
842:
835:
832:
828:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
799:
796:
795:
792:
787:
786:
779:
776:
774:
773:
769:
768:
763:
759:
758:Gabriel Attal
756:
753:
749:
748:
744:
743:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
719:
718:
715:
710:
709:
701:
700:
695:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:Constitutions
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
668:
667:
663:
658:
654:
650:
649:
641:
636:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
607:French Senate
604:
600:
596:
591:
587:
586:joint session
583:
578:
574:
569:
566:Meeting place
564:
561:
558:
554:
548:
545:
542:
538:
532:
529:
526:
522:
516:
513:
510:
506:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:voting system
488:
483:
480:
477:
474:
473:voting system
471:
466:
461:
455:
449:
446:
440:
437:
431:
428:
422:
419:
413:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
386:
385:
384:
382:
375:
369:
366:
360:
357:
351:
348:
342:
341:
340:
338:
337:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
312:
306:
300:
297:
291:
288:
282:
279:
273:
270:
264:
261:
255:
252:
246:
243:
237:
234:
228:
227:
226:
222:
217:
213:
208:
201:
197:
194:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
178:
173:
167:
163:
159:
156:
151:
145:
141:
137:
134:
129:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
98:
93:
89:
84:
80:
75:
70:
67:
66:
61:
55:
44:
41:
34:
30:
29:ancien régime
19:
5119:Transnistria
5081:Vatican City
4891:
4567:Turkmenistan
4542:South Africa
4396:
4163:legislatures
4006:Coat of arms
3996:Architecture
3968:Social class
3926:Homelessness
3911:Demographics
3865:Trade unions
3798:Central bank
3751:
3740:criminal law
3703:Human rights
3686:presidential
3530:Algerian War
3513:Contemporary
3487:Vichy France
3482:World War II
3452:Belle Ăpoque
3385:First Empire
3287:Early Modern
3258:West Francia
2851:Legislatures
2839:Legislatures
2798:
2766:
2749:
2729:. Retrieved
2725:the original
2720:
2708:
2703:7 juin 2007.
2700:
2695:
2676:
2615:
2596:
2505:
2376:
2315:
2269:
2203:
2130:
2093:
2065:
1972:
1907:
1903:
1895:cohabitation
1870:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1816:
1791:Jun. 9 2024
1375:Constitution
1349:
1341:
1330:
1304:
1240:
1238:
1171:Human rights
1070:Presidential
1042:
1023:
985:
907:
897:
874:
790:
770:
745:
720:
697:
640:parlement.fr
560:By June 2029
380:
379:
334:
333:
331:
186:
63:
40:
5157:Isle of Man
5092:recognition
5044:Switzerland
4979:Netherlands
4674:(1969â1992)
4627:Puerto Rico
4617:Isle of Man
4532:Saint Lucia
4512:Philippines
4492:Netherlands
4432:Ivory Coast
4274:Switzerland
4264:South Sudan
4116:WikiProject
3931:Immigration
3921:Health care
3783:Agriculture
3735:enforcement
3492:Free France
3461:World War I
3408:Restoration
3395:Late Modern
3265:Middle Ages
3240:Middle Ages
3225:Celtic Gaul
2803:(in French)
2792:(in French)
2763:Marc AbélÚs
2625:Renaissance
2158:Renaissance
2112:Renaissance
1982:Renaissance
1350:Across the
1300:Rive Gauche
1278:lower house
1276:), and the
1264:upper house
1075:Legislative
1065:Referendums
1044:Departments
791:Legislature
5193:Categories
5014:San Marino
4974:Montenegro
4954:Luxembourg
4934:Kazakhstan
4837:Azerbaijan
4654:Historical
4645:Somaliland
4582:Uzbekistan
4552:Tajikistan
4472:Madagascar
4452:Kazakhstan
4059:Philosophy
4044:Literature
3956:secularism
3752:Parliament
3547:2005 riots
3497:Liberation
3363:Revolution
3230:Roman Gaul
3215:Prehistory
3171:Journalism
2688:References
1766:since 1958
1759:Parliament
1333:parlements
1256:parliament
1006:Martinique
1001:Guadeloupe
802:Membership
772:Government
381:Opposition
336:Government
126:Leadership
5147:Gibraltar
4949:Lithuania
4417:Indonesia
4184:Australia
4179:Argentina
4160:bicameral
4158:National
3916:Education
3870:Transport
3720:Judiciary
3681:Elections
3635:Mountains
3593:Geography
3339:Louis XIV
3129:Overviews
2701:Le Monde.
1356:bicameral
1253:bicameral
1251:) is the
1085:Municipal
1058:Elections
968:Occitania
943:Grand Est
847:Judiciary
823:President
807:President
722:President
714:Executive
463:Elections
175:Structure
97:Bicameral
33:Parlement
5152:Guernsey
5099:Abkhazia
5069:Scotland
5029:Slovenia
5024:Slovakia
4999:Portugal
4857:Bulgaria
4587:Zimbabwe
4557:Thailand
4537:Slovenia
4507:Paraguay
4392:Eswatini
4362:Colombia
4352:Cameroon
4347:Cambodia
4317:Barbados
4249:Pakistan
4229:Malaysia
4219:Ethiopia
4106:Category
4039:Language
3951:Religion
3896:Abortion
3850:Taxation
3747:Military
3708:Intersex
3698:Politics
3664:Politics
3466:Interwar
3161:Economic
3156:Language
3141:Timeline
2949:Deputies
2731:12 April
2395:R&PS
2140:Horizons
1927:See also
1823:le SĂ©nat
1533:Tribunat
1510:Tribunat
1486:Tribunat
1166:Centrism
1118:Americas
958:Normandy
928:Brittany
653:a series
555:election
539:election
523:election
507:election
5054:Ukraine
5004:Romania
4964:Moldova
4922:Ireland
4917:Iceland
4912:Hungary
4902:Germany
4897:Georgia
4887:Finland
4882:Estonia
4877:Denmark
4862:Croatia
4847:Belgium
4842:Belarus
4832:Austria
4827:Armenia
4822:Andorra
4817:Albania
4718:Related
4612:Bermuda
4577:Uruguay
4522:Romania
4487:Namibia
4482:Myanmar
4477:Morocco
4467:Liberia
4462:Lesotho
4437:Jamaica
4422:Ireland
4407:Grenada
4342:Burundi
4337:Bolivia
4322:Belarus
4312:Bahrain
4307:Bahamas
4297:Algeria
4289:Unitary
4259:Somalia
4244:Nigeria
4194:Belgium
4189:Austria
4171:Federal
4097:Outline
4079:Theatre
4074:Symbols
4034:Gardens
4024:Fashion
4016:Cuisine
3983:Culture
3973:Welfare
3946:Poverty
3884:Society
3860:Tourism
3820:Exports
3793:Banking
3771:Economy
3730:history
3625:Islands
3620:Borders
3253:Francia
3207:Ancient
3185:Regions
3136:History
3121:History
3046:Related
2841:of the
2360:T44 (1)
2343:L'AprĂšs
2000:RE-Agir
1335:of the
1258:of the
1016:RĂ©union
1011:Mayotte
938:Corsica
899:Regions
633:Website
418:E&S
5162:Jersey
5104:Kosovo
5049:Turkey
5039:Sweden
5019:Serbia
5009:Russia
4994:Poland
4989:Norway
4969:Monaco
4939:Latvia
4907:Greece
4892:France
4867:Cyprus
4527:Rwanda
4517:Poland
4447:Jordan
4397:France
4332:Bhutan
4327:Belize
4254:Russia
4234:Mexico
4209:Canada
4204:Brazil
4111:Portal
4011:Cinema
3991:Anthem
3963:Racism
3941:People
3835:Mining
3810:Energy
3645:Rivers
3610:Cities
3542:May 68
3113:topics
3110:France
2758:440044
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2603:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2560:Tavini
2557:
2551:PĂ©yi-A
2548:
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2521:
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2493:
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2109:
2100:
2081:
2072:
2056:Tapura
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1997:
1991:RE-TdP
1988:
1979:
1897:. The
1819:French
1280:, the
1268:Senate
1266:, the
1245:French
1113:Africa
1080:Senate
818:Senate
537:Senate
505:Senate
470:Senate
451:
442:
433:
424:
415:
406:
397:
388:
383:(364)
371:
362:
353:
344:
339:(213)
305:RASNAG
302:
293:
284:
275:
266:
257:
248:
239:
230:
221:Senate
193:Senate
164:,
142:,
112:Senate
105:Houses
5137:Ă
land
5074:Wales
5034:Spain
4959:Malta
4929:Italy
4547:Spain
4502:Palau
4457:Kenya
4442:Japan
4427:Italy
4412:Haiti
4402:Gabon
4357:Chile
4269:Sudan
4239:Nepal
4224:India
4214:Egypt
4069:Sport
4054:Music
4049:Media
3906:Crime
3630:Lakes
2754:JSTOR
2215:(69)
2103:MoDem
1984:(92)
1964:Notes
1774:SĂ©nat
1685:SĂ©nat
1644:SĂ©nat
1273:SĂ©nat
778:Attal
551:Next
535:Next
519:Last
503:Last
393:(126)
235:(133)
198:577 (
191:348 (
180:Seats
4497:Oman
4029:Flag
3815:Euro
3713:LGBT
3037:17th
3032:16th
3027:15th
3022:14th
3017:13th
3012:12th
3007:11th
3002:10th
2939:17th
2934:16th
2929:15th
2924:14th
2919:13th
2914:12th
2909:11th
2904:10th
2733:2016
2608:(16)
2578:MDES
2496:AHIP
2397:(3)
2327:(25)
2297:PPDG
2281:(63)
2224:(20)
2142:(23)
2105:(33)
2077:(45)
1916:List
1871:The
1568:1815
1418:1793
1395:1791
1372:Date
1239:The
1123:Asia
762:LREM
752:list
737:LREM
727:list
447:(16)
438:(17)
429:(21)
427:LIOT
420:(38)
411:(66)
402:(72)
376:(31)
367:(36)
358:(47)
349:(99)
298:(16)
296:RDSE
289:(17)
280:(18)
278:LIRT
271:(18)
269:CRCE
262:(22)
260:RDPI
253:(56)
244:(64)
91:Type
86:Type
4001:Art
3725:Law
2997:9th
2992:8th
2987:7th
2982:6th
2977:5th
2972:4th
2967:3rd
2962:2nd
2957:1st
2899:9th
2894:8th
2889:7th
2884:6th
2879:5th
2874:4th
2869:3rd
2864:2nd
2859:1st
2663:(1)
2654:(1)
2645:(2)
2643:DVD
2636:(2)
2627:(2)
2589:(1)
2587:PLD
2580:(1)
2571:(1)
2562:(1)
2553:(1)
2544:(1)
2535:(1)
2533:GRS
2526:(2)
2524:PLR
2517:(8)
2515:PCF
2498:(1)
2489:(1)
2480:(1)
2471:(1)
2462:(1)
2460:PRV
2453:(2)
2451:DVG
2444:(2)
2442:DVD
2435:(2)
2426:(2)
2415:(1)
2413:PNC
2406:(2)
2404:FeC
2388:(5)
2386:UDI
2369:(1)
2367:PD!
2354:(1)
2345:(4)
2336:(6)
2334:G.s
2308:(1)
2299:(1)
2290:(1)
2262:(1)
2253:(1)
2244:(1)
2242:REV
2233:(1)
2231:NPA
2213:LFI
2196:(1)
2194:CCB
2187:(1)
2178:(1)
2176:DVD
2169:(1)
2160:(2)
2151:(2)
2123:(1)
2121:RSM
2114:(2)
2086:(2)
2084:DVD
2058:(1)
2049:(1)
2047:GNC
2040:(1)
2038:DVC
2031:(1)
2022:(1)
2020:PRV
2013:(2)
2011:DVD
2002:(5)
1993:(9)
456:(8)
445:AD!
436:GDR
409:SOC
400:LFI
374:HOR
307:(4)
187:925
5195::
2765:,
2756::
2719:.
2661:PS
2652:RN
2634:LR
2606:LR
2569:UC
2542:LP
2487:AD
2469:LC
2433:PS
2424:LR
2352:GE
2325:LĂ
2288:PP
2279:PS
2222:PG
2185:AC
2167:LC
2149:LR
2075:LR
2029:EC
1821::
1323:.
1302:.
1247::
825::
809::
800::
655:on
454:NI
391:RN
365:LD
356:DR
347:ER
251:UC
233:SR
166:RE
144:LR
4797:e
4790:t
4783:v
4151:e
4144:t
4137:v
3102:e
3095:t
3088:v
2831:e
2824:t
2817:v
2735:.
1309:(
1284:(
1270:(
1243:(
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
764:)
760:(
754:)
750:(
739:)
735:(
729:)
725:(
588:)
584:(
287:E
242:S
202:)
195:)
35:.
20:)
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