1088:
42:
1125:
1141:
1104:
90:
5866:
609:. There is often variation in the functionality of the stamens even within a single inflorescence. Some flowers are functionally staminate (where a pistil may be present but has no ovules capable of being fertilized) while others are functionally pistillate (where stamens are present but their anthers do not produce viable pollen). Pollination of one flower by the pollen of a different flower of the same plant (
1573:
1482:
2573:
2036:
Clarkson, James J.; Zuntini, Alexandre R.; Maurin, Olivier; Downie, Stephen R.; Plunkett, Gregory M.; Nicolas, Antoine N.; Smith, James F.; Feist, Mary Ann E.; Gutierrez, Karime; Malakasi, Panagiota; Bailey, Paul; Brewer, Grace E.; Epitawalage, Niroshini; Zmarzty, Sue; Forest, Félix & Baker,
746:
studies, the family was subdivided primarily based on fruit characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses from the mid-1990s onwards have shown that fruit characters evolved in parallel many times, so that using them in classification resulted in units that were not
1559:, which drink nectar when not reproducing. They then prey upon insect pests on nearby plants. Some of the members of this family considered "herbs" produce scents that are believed to mask the odours of nearby plants, thus making them harder for insect pests to find.
788:
Apioideae is by far the largest subfamily with about 90% of the genera. Most subsequent studies have supported this division, although leaving some genera unplaced. A 2021 study suggested the relationships shown in the following cladogram.
2276:
C. Zidorn; K. Jöhrer; M. Ganzera; B. Schubert; E.M. Sigmund; J. Mader; R. Greil; E.P. Ellmerer; H. Stuppner (2005). "Polyacetylenes from the
Apiaceae vegetables carrot, celery, fennel, parsley, and parsnip and their cytotoxic activities".
1542:
Generally, all members of this family are best cultivated in the cool-season garden; they may not grow at all if the soils are too warm. Almost every widely cultivated plant of this group is a considered useful as a
2082:
Plunkett, G.M.; Chandler, G.T.; Lowry, P.P.; Pinney, S.M.; Sprenkle, T.S.; van Wyk, B.-E. & Tilney, P. M. (2004). "Recent advances in understanding
Apiales and a revised classification".
629:
consisting of two fused carpels that separate at maturity into two mericarps, each containing a single seed. The fruits of many species are dispersed by wind but others such as those of
1140:
597:, but the calyx is often highly reduced, to the point of being undetectable in many species, while the corolla can be white, yellow, pink or purple. The flowers are nearly perfectly
1087:
2364:
Constance, L. (1971). "History of the classification of
Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)." in Heywood, V. H. , The biology and chemistry of the Umbelliferae, 1–11. Academic Press, London.
2393:
Hegnauer, R. (1971) "Chemical
Patterns and Relationships of Umbelliferae." in Heywood, V. H. , The biology and chemistry of the Umbelliferae, 267–277. Academic Press, London.
2396:
Heywood, V. H. (1971). "Systematic survey of Old World
Umbelliferae." in Heywood, V. H. , The biology and chemistry of the Umbelliferae, 31–41. Academic Press, London.
6381:
6112:
6151:
2641:
2390:
French, D. H. (1971). "Ethnobotany of the
Umbelliferae." in Heywood, V. H. , The biology and chemistry of the Umbelliferae, 385–412. Academic Press, London.
2210:
645:
and often contain essential oils, containing aromatic compounds that are responsible for the flavour of commercially important umbelliferous seed such as
726:
analyses. The subfamilial and tribal classification for the family is currently in a state of flux, with many of the groups being found to be grossly
6342:
6060:
2689:
1103:
6394:
6355:
6125:
6073:
5946:
2013:
1895:
1864:
1697:) that sensitize human skin to sunlight. Contact with plant parts that contain furanocoumarins, followed by exposure to sunlight, may cause
718:
and the boundaries between these families remain unclear. Traditionally groups within the family have been delimited largely based on fruit
1192:
in their leaves or fruits and as a result are flavourful aromatic herbs. The seeds of certain species may be used in cuisine as well.
2610:
625:
support two styles, and secrete nectar, attracting pollinators like flies, mosquitoes, gnats, beetles, moths, and bees. The fruit is a
41:
1737:). Of all the plant species that have been reported to induce phytophotodermatitis, approximately half belong to the family Apiaceae.
1124:
2634:
2119:
Hall, Donald W. 2011 "Featured
Creatures - Eastern Black Swallowtail." Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida.
1923:
1620:
1529:
2534:
2371:
1040:. It could be placed in an enlarged Saniculoideae, or restored to Apioideae if the latter were expanded to include Saniculoideae.
6275:
6368:
6099:
2601:
1970:
She, M.; Pu, F.; Pan, Z.; Watson, M.; Cannon, J.F.M.; Holmes-Smith, I.; Kljuykov, E.V.; Phillippe, L.R.; Pimenov, M.G. (2005).
1061:(PoWO) accepted 444 genera, while GRIN Taxonomy accepted 462. The PoWO genera are not a subset of those in GRIN; for example,
6249:
1598:
1507:
6130:
2462:(1996). "Higher Level Relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) Based on Phylogenetic Analysis of rbcL Sequences".
1043:
The subfamilies can be further divided into tribes and clades, with many clades falling outside formally recognized tribes.
6399:
6138:
2668:
5869:
2694:
2684:
2627:
2405:"Major lineages within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: a comparison of chloroplast restriction site and DNA sequence data"
1078:
579:, with petals of unequal size, the ones pointing outward from the umbel larger than the ones pointing inward. Some are
6316:
5933:
622:
529:
525:
521:
2120:
6430:
6254:
6213:
1058:
657:. The shape and details of the ornamentation of the ripe fruits are important for identification to species level.
2133:
6496:
6156:
1594:
1503:
1030:
fell outside the four subfamilies. It was suggested that they could be accommodated in subfamilies of their own.
89:
6435:
6218:
2679:
2399:
Judd, W. S. et al. (1999). Plant
Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
1827:
1733:
1583:
1492:
6047:
1953:
1602:
1587:
1511:
1496:
1052:
743:
580:
1809:
6329:
6021:
5886:
1094:
538:. Commonly, their leaves emit a marked smell when crushed, aromatic to fetid, but absent in some species.
2546:
6417:
6187:
1951:
The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval
1131:
241:
6334:
6052:
6026:
1971:
1633:
The poisonous members of the
Apiaceae have been used for a variety of purposes globally. The poisonous
6360:
6205:
5951:
6409:
6280:
6166:
5982:
2577:
2367:
Cronquist, A. (1968). The
Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2158:
1698:
719:
500:
433:
6078:
691:. The family was one of the first to be recognized as a distinct group in Jacques Daleschamps' 1586
377:
6262:
6034:
5709:
4927:
4819:
4443:
2930:
2674:
2516:
2479:
2442:
2426:
2064:
1992:
Lindley, J. (1836) An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, 2nd Edition. Longman, London.
1709:
1661:
1461:
1413:
1333:
1148:
1063:
513:
429:
251:
84:
6192:
2037:
William J. (2021). "A higher-level nuclear phylogenomic study of the carrot family (Apiaceae)".
6422:
6491:
6174:
5969:
5666:
5465:
5017:
4877:
4806:
4729:
4610:
4496:
4413:
3778:
2769:
2705:
2492:
2455:
2434:
2343:
2294:
2258:
2056:
2009:
1929:
1919:
1891:
1860:
1727:
1655:
1316:
1164:
637:
6386:
6117:
6179:
5550:
5540:
5500:
5480:
5256:
5186:
5161:
5108:
4882:
4872:
4635:
4572:
4516:
4491:
4237:
4142:
4109:
3899:
3813:
3808:
3783:
3684:
3646:
3554:
3218:
3081:
3056:
3051:
2844:
2761:
2508:
2496:
2471:
2459:
2416:
2333:
2325:
2286:
2248:
2091:
2046:
1757:
1753:
1741:
1635:
1173:
594:
509:
491:
468:
464:
452:
272:
5831:
5618:
5485:
5470:
5050:
4937:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4867:
4683:
4678:
4478:
4448:
4418:
4302:
4267:
4227:
4202:
4192:
4152:
3904:
3793:
3676:
3651:
3546:
3518:
3508:
3301:
3271:
3213:
3198:
3061:
2887:
2794:
2651:
2538:
1957:
1749:
1694:
1667:
1544:
1265:
831:
771:
676:
460:
327:
215:
127:
6039:
6013:
2619:
2531:
5924:
5823:
5813:
5795:
5767:
5729:
5719:
5671:
5638:
5628:
5623:
5545:
5495:
5442:
5427:
5312:
5226:
5166:
5156:
5060:
4962:
4897:
4887:
4847:
4829:
4630:
4557:
4345:
4307:
4262:
4197:
4172:
4147:
4091:
4005:
3773:
3720:
3656:
3513:
3405:
3382:
3344:
3321:
3311:
3114:
2976:
2915:
2779:
2338:
2313:
2184:
1552:
1032:
1026:
924:
900:
711:
696:
618:
590:
554:
484:
114:
2096:
1184:
Many members of this family are cultivated for various purposes. Some species produce
6485:
5805:
5734:
5704:
5681:
5676:
5661:
5613:
5580:
5575:
5510:
5304:
5289:
5236:
5216:
5176:
5171:
5151:
5113:
5065:
5012:
5002:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4922:
4837:
4814:
4796:
4764:
4749:
4711:
4615:
4595:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4433:
4428:
4408:
4393:
4355:
4350:
4297:
4287:
4282:
4232:
4212:
4187:
4177:
4078:
4000:
3980:
3919:
3914:
3894:
3828:
3798:
3758:
3666:
3661:
3608:
3478:
3440:
3415:
3387:
3372:
3316:
3296:
3291:
3208:
3175:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3066:
3036:
2968:
2935:
2925:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2741:
2723:
2655:
2592:
2499:(1996). "Evolutionary Patterns in Apiaceae: Inferences Based on matK Sequence Data".
2068:
1647:
1289:
1237:
1189:
929:
877:
779:
763:
684:
571:
558:
550:
542:
494:(frequently with the leaves aggregated toward the base), though a minority are woody
444:
231:
223:
200:
2446:
6267:
5744:
5739:
5724:
5714:
5653:
5535:
5520:
5490:
5447:
5437:
5391:
5368:
5358:
5330:
5231:
5211:
5181:
5123:
5070:
4992:
4947:
4907:
4862:
4852:
4842:
4734:
4703:
4668:
4653:
4567:
4562:
4468:
4222:
4217:
4182:
4162:
4137:
4124:
4114:
4086:
4043:
4038:
3995:
3962:
3947:
3909:
3886:
3823:
3818:
3803:
3768:
3750:
3702:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3503:
3463:
3397:
3377:
3367:
3359:
3326:
3286:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3165:
3160:
3124:
3041:
2920:
2877:
2774:
2751:
2715:
1883:
1740:
The family Apiaceae also includes a smaller number of poisonous species, including
1640:
1258:
731:
727:
723:
722:, and the results from this have not been congruent with the more recent molecular
666:
480:
178:
75:
6321:
2527:
Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo; Jury, Stephen Leonard & Herrero Nieto, Alberto (eds.)
2329:
1547:. One reason is that the tiny flowers, clustered into umbels, are well suited for
1036:
was formerly placed in the subfamily Apioideae, but if kept there makes Apioideae
751:. In 2004, it was proposed that Apiaceae should be divided into four subfamilies:
6468:
6458:
6307:
5974:
5938:
2583:
2121:
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/bfly2/eastern_black_swallowtail.htm#life
2003:
683:-like plant. The alternative name for the family, Umbelliferae, derives from the
6143:
6086:
5918:
5699:
5595:
5555:
5530:
5525:
5515:
5383:
5373:
5363:
5345:
5294:
5246:
5241:
5221:
5201:
5128:
5055:
4997:
4952:
4892:
4857:
4754:
4744:
4688:
4600:
4539:
4534:
4486:
4458:
4438:
4398:
4380:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4247:
4242:
4207:
4101:
4058:
4033:
3957:
3929:
3924:
3763:
3740:
3725:
3694:
3613:
3488:
3468:
3430:
3281:
3276:
3253:
3238:
3180:
3170:
3076:
3071:
3023:
2940:
2864:
2849:
2826:
2821:
2746:
2733:
1572:
1481:
1169:
703:
it became the first group of plants for which a systematic study was published.
610:
562:
505:
417:
6241:
5782:
5772:
5749:
5633:
5570:
5505:
5432:
5409:
5335:
5281:
5191:
5045:
5032:
5007:
4987:
4739:
4721:
4693:
4663:
4658:
4590:
4549:
4526:
4463:
4453:
4403:
4388:
4317:
4272:
4257:
4167:
4068:
4048:
4010:
3990:
3712:
3618:
3498:
3483:
3473:
3203:
3152:
3091:
3046:
2897:
2854:
2813:
2804:
1703:
1421:
1020:
854:
715:
626:
440:
331:
186:
63:
17:
5909:
2235:
Pathak, M. A.; Daniels, Farrington Jr.; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (September 1962).
2211:"Sun-related Skin Condition Triggered by Chemicals in Certain Plants, Fruits"
6008:
5995:
5790:
5759:
5691:
5560:
5419:
5401:
5353:
5322:
5251:
5196:
5133:
5118:
5103:
5040:
5022:
4957:
4932:
4769:
4673:
4625:
4605:
4252:
4157:
4132:
3603:
3595:
3493:
3458:
3435:
3425:
3410:
3349:
3306:
3266:
3243:
3013:
2945:
2836:
1933:
1720:
1405:
1284:
1215:
1037:
1014:
944:
808:
755:
748:
654:
642:
614:
576:
534:
488:
448:
397:
6448:
6231:
2529:
Flora iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares.
2438:
2347:
2298:
2262:
2060:
1890:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 88.
1057:
The number of genera accepted by sources varies. As of December 2022,
2572:
1693:
Many species in the family Apiaceae produce phototoxic substances (called
356:. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800
6443:
6301:
6226:
5903:
5565:
5475:
5457:
5206:
5143:
5095:
5085:
4942:
4759:
4645:
4620:
4582:
4423:
4292:
4277:
4063:
4053:
4028:
3985:
3952:
3861:
3788:
3585:
3568:
3420:
3336:
3190:
3005:
2995:
2907:
2314:"Biosynthesis and function of polyacetylenes and allied natural products"
2253:
2237:"The Presently Known Distribution of Furocoumarins (Psoralens) in Plants"
2236:
1429:
1389:
1322:
1185:
1073:
617:
consists of two carpels fused into a single, bicarpellate pistil with an
598:
585:
517:
369:
153:
140:
69:
5961:
1787:, an unusual class of organic compounds that exhibit cytotoxic effects.
6347:
5605:
5271:
4370:
4325:
4020:
3972:
3939:
3853:
3577:
3523:
3031:
2520:
2483:
2430:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1715:
1672:
1548:
1381:
1369:
1222:
707:
508:, or with the upper leaves becoming nearly opposite. The leaves may be
425:
421:
393:
381:
357:
163:
2290:
2051:
6091:
3876:
3843:
3450:
3261:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1745:
1679:
1453:
1437:
1397:
1339:
1243:
1071:
is accepted by GRIN but not by PoWO, which treats it as a synonym of
680:
631:
606:
566:
456:
413:
409:
389:
385:
365:
57:
6373:
6104:
6065:
5880:
2512:
2475:
2421:
2404:
1918:(rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 94.
6200:
6000:
1556:
1445:
1354:
1188:
that are large enough to be useful as food. Other species produce
1109:
688:
671:
650:
646:
602:
549:, that may be simple or more commonly compound, often umbelliform
546:
495:
401:
373:
364:, including such well-known, and economically important plants as
361:
335:
194:
101:
51:
1950:
520:
but the petioles are frequently sheathing, and the leaves may be
1305:
405:
5884:
2623:
1855:
Heywood, V.H.; Brummitt, R.K.; Culham, A.; Seberg, O. (2007).
1566:
1475:
635:
spp., are covered in bristles, which may be hooked in sanicle
436:, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and may be extinct.
314:
308:
281:
5987:
2185:"Phytophotodermatitis: When plants and light affect the skin"
641:
and thus catch in the fur of animals. The seeds have an oily
2372:"Don't touch these plants! Six lookalikes you want to avoid"
2110:
Woodville, W. (1793) Medical Botany. James Phillips, London.
1152:
showing strong zygomorphy (asymmetry) in the outer flowers.
299:
293:
287:
275:
1701:, a serious skin inflammation. Phototoxic species include
1168:, uses the family Apiaceae for food and host plants for
2541:(2003) Madrid: Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC (in Spanish).
1176:
is also commonly found eating mildew on these plants.
581:
andromonoecious, polygamomonoecious, or even dioecious
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
439:
The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of
311:
305:
296:
290:
278:
6291:
5893:
5822:
5804:
5781:
5758:
5690:
5652:
5604:
5593:
5456:
5418:
5400:
5382:
5344:
5321:
5303:
5280:
5269:
5142:
5094:
5083:
5031:
4828:
4805:
4794:
4720:
4702:
4644:
4581:
4548:
4525:
4477:
4379:
4368:
4316:
4123:
4100:
4077:
4019:
3971:
3938:
3885:
3874:
3852:
3841:
3749:
3738:
3711:
3693:
3675:
3627:
3594:
3576:
3567:
3545:
3536:
3449:
3396:
3358:
3335:
3252:
3189:
3151:
3123:
3105:
3022:
3004:
2989:
2967:
2958:
2906:
2863:
2835:
2812:
2803:
2792:
2760:
2732:
2714:
2703:
2159:"Daucus carota: Beauty or Beast? (Michele Warmund)"
545:, the flowers nearly always aggregated in terminal
284:
1643:have been made from various other family species.
1310:often used in jars of American pickled cucumbers.
541:The defining characteristic of this family is the
669:in 1836. The name is derived from the type genus
2378:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 19 July 2017
1763:Some members of the family Apiaceae, including
2312:Minto, Robert E.; Blacklock, Brenda J (2008).
532:, but simple, and entire in some genera, e.g.
2635:
1909:
1907:
8:
1601:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1510:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1067:is accepted by PoWO but not by GRIN, while
5881:
5601:
5277:
5266:
5091:
5080:
4802:
4376:
3882:
3871:
3849:
3838:
3746:
3735:
3573:
3542:
3001:
2964:
2809:
2800:
2711:
2642:
2628:
2620:
2279:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1949:Watson, L., Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards)
1380:Other notable cultivated Apiaceae include
701:Plantarum umbelliferarum distribution nova
687:being generally in the form of a compound
40:
31:
2420:
2337:
2252:
2095:
2050:
1916:Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary
1850:
1848:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1685:has been used in South America for fuel.
1639:has been used as an aid in suicides, and
1621:Learn how and when to remove this message
1530:Learn how and when to remove this message
1081:had an "approximate list" of 446 genera.
504:. Their leaves are of variable size, and
2588:The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)
1945:
1943:
1199:
706:The family is solidly placed within the
565:flowers at the edge of the umbel, as in
2403:Plunkett, G. M.; Downie, S. R. (1999).
1878:
1876:
1796:
1083:
524:. The leaf blade is usually dissected,
1651:has been used as coloring for butter.
2547:"Wild Parsnip and Friends in Vermont"
1857:Flowering plant families of the world
7:
6410:d0503b33-21c6-47c6-ac5c-affc9939db0b
6255:5fa5d696-7012-4964-aad6-2029878539b8
6206:44F6B731-127D-91B5-DFA4-840549AF5E36
6167:a3ac28a7-2855-4cbf-b925-ada2f866f0a4
2241:Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1828:"The mystery of the lost Roman herb"
1725:) and numerous species of the genus
1599:adding citations to reliable sources
1508:adding citations to reliable sources
1826:Gorvett, Zaria (7 September 2017).
916:
892:
870:
846:
824:
800:
792:
553:. The flowers are usually perfect (
6436:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60456503-2
6219:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000180-2
2132:Drugmand, Didier (7 August 2008).
25:
2532:Vol. X. "Araliaceae-Umbelliferae"
2183:Leonard, Jayne (19 August 2017).
1162:The black swallowtail butterfly,
447:, and a smaller number of highly
5865:
5864:
2571:
1859:. New York, U.S: Firefly books.
1731:, especially the giant hogweed (
1571:
1480:
1139:
1123:
1102:
1086:
665:Apiaceae was first described by
271:
88:
55:leaves and tiny inflorescences,
2318:From Progress in Lipid Research
2134:"Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata"
2084:South African Journal of Botany
1808:Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "
675:, which was originally used by
326:is a family of mostly aromatic
2606:Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
2209:Davis, Dawn (12 August 2011).
1888:New Flora of the British Isles
1:
2611:Umbellifer Information Server
2545:Scavo, Tom (11 August 2011).
2330:10.1016/j.plipres.2008.02.002
2097:10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30220-9
1816:. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
1814:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1810:APIACEAE Lindley, nom. cons.
1079:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
738:Classification and phylogeny
693:Historia generalis plantarum
2002:Michael G. Simpson (2010).
1914:Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) .
714:. It is closely related to
6513:
2602:Umbellifer Resource Centre
2464:American Journal of Botany
2409:American Journal of Botany
2138:Monaco Nature Encyclopedia
2039:American Journal of Botany
1059:Plants of the World Online
1050:
340:and commonly known as the
27:Family of flowering plants
5860:
3870:
2663:
1756:, and various species of
1208:
1205:
1202:
942:
921:
914:
897:
890:
875:
868:
851:
844:
829:
822:
805:
798:
467:, and various species of
257:
250:
212:
207:
192:
185:
85:Scientific classification
83:
48:
39:
34:
2215:Dermatology, Mayo Clinic
1960:. Version: 4 March 2011.
1956:13 December 2010 at the
1734:Heracleum mantegazzianum
1671:(sumbul) are sources of
775:G.M.Plunkett & Lowry
767:G.M.Plunkett & Lowry
6466:Watson & Dallwitz:
2615:Moscow State University
2537:30 October 2014 at the
1053:List of Apiaceae genera
498:or small trees such as
1410:Arracacia xanthorrhiza
1374:seeds used in cuisine
1359:seeds used in cuisine
1344:seeds used in cuisine
1095:Chaerophyllum bulbosum
744:molecular phylogenetic
6418:Paleobiology Database
6188:Paleobiology Database
1458:Levisticum officinale
1386:Anthriscus cerefolium
1132:Angelica archangelica
1118:from Woodville (1793)
1018:clade and the genera
2580:at Wikimedia Commons
2254:10.1038/jid.1962.106
1699:phytophotodermatitis
1595:improve this section
1504:improve this section
506:alternately arranged
501:Bupleurum fruticosum
227:Plunkett & Lowry
219:Plunkett & Lowry
2551:Green Mountain Club
589:), with a distinct
561:, but there may be
5710:Pentaphragmataceae
4928:Stegnospermataceae
4820:Berberidopsidaceae
4444:Pentadiplandraceae
2931:Atherospermataceae
2189:Medical News Today
2008:. Academic Press.
1710:Notobubon galbanum
1662:Ferula galbaniflua
1466:Sanicula epipactis
1334:Foeniculum vulgare
1301:Anethum graveolens
1280:Coriandrum sativum
1149:Coriandrum sativum
679:circa 50 AD for a
479:Most Apiaceae are
6479:
6478:
6175:Open Tree of Life
5887:Taxon identifiers
5878:
5877:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5667:Cardiopteridaceae
5589:
5588:
5466:Plocospermataceae
5265:
5264:
5079:
5078:
5018:Anacampserotaceae
4878:Ancistrocladaceae
4807:Berberidopsidales
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4730:Biebersteiniaceae
4611:Sphaerosepalaceae
4497:Strasburgeriaceae
4414:Setchellanthaceae
4364:
4363:
3837:
3836:
3779:Cercidiphyllaceae
3734:
3733:
3563:
3562:
3532:
3531:
2985:
2984:
2954:
2953:
2788:
2787:
2770:Austrobaileyaceae
2576:Media related to
2501:Systematic Botany
2491:Plunkett, G. M.;
2454:Plunkett, G. M.;
2291:10.1021/jf048041s
2052:10.1002/ajb2.1701
2015:978-0-12-374380-0
2005:Plant Systematics
1897:978-0-521-70772-5
1866:978-1-55407-206-4
1681:Azorella compacta
1656:Dorema ammoniacum
1631:
1630:
1623:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1450:Pimpinella anisum
1426:Ferula asafoetida
1378:
1377:
1317:Eryngium_foetidum
1165:Papilio polyxenes
1114:Pimpinella anisum
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
784:
776:
768:
760:
638:Sanicula europaea
613:) is common. The
451:species, such as
443:species, such as
264:
263:
244:
236:
228:
220:
181:
16:(Redirected from
6504:
6497:Asterid families
6472:
6471:
6462:
6461:
6452:
6451:
6439:
6438:
6426:
6425:
6413:
6412:
6403:
6402:
6390:
6389:
6377:
6376:
6364:
6363:
6351:
6350:
6338:
6337:
6325:
6324:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6284:
6283:
6271:
6270:
6258:
6257:
6245:
6244:
6235:
6234:
6222:
6221:
6209:
6208:
6196:
6195:
6183:
6182:
6170:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6147:
6146:
6144:NBNSYS0000159396
6134:
6133:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6095:
6094:
6082:
6081:
6069:
6068:
6056:
6055:
6043:
6042:
6030:
6029:
6017:
6016:
6004:
6003:
5991:
5990:
5978:
5977:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5954:
5942:
5941:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5882:
5868:
5867:
5602:
5551:Thomandersiaceae
5541:Lentibulariaceae
5501:Scrophulariaceae
5481:Tetrachondraceae
5278:
5267:
5257:Mitrastemonaceae
5187:Pentaphylacaceae
5162:Tetrameristaceae
5109:Hydrostachyaceae
5092:
5081:
4883:Rhabdodendraceae
4873:Dioncophyllaceae
4803:
4636:Dipterocarpaceae
4573:Dipentodontaceae
4517:Crossosomataceae
4492:Geissolomataceae
4377:
4238:Chrysobalanaceae
4143:Ctenolophonaceae
4110:Lepidobotryaceae
3900:Anisophylleaceae
3883:
3872:
3850:
3839:
3814:Tetracarpaeaceae
3809:Aphanopetalaceae
3784:Daphniphyllaceae
3747:
3736:
3685:Trochodendraceae
3647:Circaeasteraceae
3574:
3555:Ceratophyllaceae
3543:
3219:Alstroemeriaceae
3082:Potamogetonaceae
3057:Scheuchzeriaceae
3052:Hydrocharitaceae
3002:
2965:
2845:Aristolochiaceae
2810:
2801:
2762:Austrobaileyales
2712:
2708:
2706:Basalangiosperms
2690:Acrogymnospermae
2652:flowering plants
2644:
2637:
2630:
2621:
2575:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2524:
2487:
2450:
2424:
2415:(7): 1014–1026.
2387:
2385:
2383:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2285:(7): 2518–2523.
2273:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2163:ipm.missouri.edu
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2045:(7): 1252–1269.
2033:
2020:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1967:
1961:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1806:
1636:Oenanthe crocata
1626:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1575:
1567:
1555:, and predatory
1535:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1484:
1476:
1402:Apium graveolens
1200:
1174:22-spot ladybird
1143:
1127:
1106:
1090:
917:
893:
871:
847:
825:
801:
793:
782:
774:
766:
758:
697:Robert Morison's
330:named after the
328:flowering plants
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
240:
234:
226:
218:
177:
93:
92:
73:inflorescences,
67:inflorescences,
44:
32:
21:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6482:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6467:
6465:
6457:
6455:
6447:
6442:
6434:
6429:
6421:
6416:
6408:
6406:
6398:
6393:
6385:
6380:
6372:
6367:
6359:
6354:
6346:
6341:
6333:
6328:
6320:
6315:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6287:
6279:
6274:
6266:
6261:
6253:
6248:
6240:
6238:
6230:
6225:
6217:
6212:
6204:
6199:
6191:
6186:
6178:
6173:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6129:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6085:
6077:
6072:
6064:
6059:
6051:
6046:
6038:
6033:
6025:
6020:
6012:
6007:
5999:
5994:
5986:
5981:
5973:
5968:
5960:
5958:
5950:
5945:
5937:
5932:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5889:
5879:
5874:
5836:
5832:Paracryphiaceae
5818:
5800:
5777:
5754:
5686:
5648:
5619:Torricelliaceae
5598:
5585:
5486:Calceolariaceae
5471:Carlemanniaceae
5452:
5414:
5396:
5378:
5340:
5317:
5299:
5274:
5261:
5138:
5088:
5075:
5051:Balanophoraceae
5027:
4938:Lophiocarpaceae
4918:Achatocarpaceae
4913:Caryophyllaceae
4903:Macarthuriaceae
4868:Drosophyllaceae
4824:
4799:
4774:
4716:
4698:
4684:Crypteroniaceae
4679:Melastomataceae
4640:
4577:
4544:
4521:
4479:Crossosomatales
4473:
4449:Gyrostemonaceae
4419:Koeberliniaceae
4373:
4360:
4312:
4303:Picrodendraceae
4268:Lacistemataceae
4228:Dichapetalaceae
4203:Centroplacaceae
4193:Lophopyxidaceae
4153:Erythroxylaceae
4119:
4096:
4073:
4015:
3967:
3934:
3905:Corynocarpaceae
3879:
3866:
3846:
3833:
3794:Grossulariaceae
3743:
3730:
3707:
3689:
3677:Trochodendrales
3671:
3652:Lardizabalaceae
3623:
3590:
3559:
3547:Ceratophyllales
3538:Ceratophyllidae
3528:
3519:Ecdeiocoleaceae
3509:Flagellariaceae
3445:
3392:
3354:
3331:
3302:Tecophilaeaceae
3272:Blandfordiaceae
3248:
3214:Petermanniaceae
3199:Campynemataceae
3185:
3147:
3119:
3101:
3062:Aponogetonaceae
3018:
2993:
2981:
2950:
2902:
2888:Himantandraceae
2859:
2831:
2797:
2795:Mesangiospermae
2784:
2756:
2728:
2704:
2699:
2680:Marchantiophyta
2659:
2648:
2568:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2539:Wayback Machine
2513:10.2307/2419610
2490:
2476:10.2307/2446219
2453:
2422:10.2307/2656619
2402:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2359:Further reading
2356:
2355:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2016:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1958:Wayback Machine
1948:
1941:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1798:
1793:
1750:spotted cowbane
1695:furanocoumarins
1691:
1668:Ferula moschata
1627:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1592:
1576:
1565:
1553:parasitic wasps
1545:companion plant
1536:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1501:
1485:
1474:
1442:Myrrhis odorata
1350:Cuminum cyminum
1294:
1293:cilantro leaves
1292:
1273:
1271:
1266:Hamburg parsley
1251:
1249:
1230:
1228:
1198:
1182:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1055:
1049:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
832:Mackinlayoideae
772:Mackinlayoideae
740:
677:Pliny the Elder
663:
516:. There are no
477:
461:spotted cowbane
352:, or simply as
304:
274:
270:
216:Mackinlayoideae
203:
198:
176:
87:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6510:
6508:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6484:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6463:
6453:
6440:
6427:
6414:
6404:
6391:
6378:
6365:
6352:
6339:
6326:
6313:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6272:
6268:wfo-7000000036
6259:
6246:
6236:
6223:
6210:
6197:
6184:
6171:
6161:
6148:
6135:
6122:
6109:
6096:
6083:
6070:
6057:
6044:
6031:
6018:
6005:
5992:
5979:
5966:
5956:
5943:
5930:
5915:
5899:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5824:Paracryphiales
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5814:Escalloniaceae
5810:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5796:Caprifoliaceae
5793:
5787:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5768:Columelliaceae
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5730:Argophyllaceae
5727:
5722:
5720:Alseuosmiaceae
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:Phyllonomaceae
5669:
5664:
5658:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5639:Myodocarpaceae
5636:
5631:
5629:Pittosporaceae
5626:
5624:Griseliniaceae
5621:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5546:Schlegeliaceae
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5496:Plantaginaceae
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5443:Sphenocleaceae
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Convolvulaceae
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5313:Metteniusaceae
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5275:
5270:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5227:Sarraceniaceae
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5167:Fouquieriaceae
5164:
5159:
5157:Marcgraviaceae
5154:
5148:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5089:
5084:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Misodendraceae
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4963:Phytolaccaceae
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4898:Asteropeiaceae
4895:
4890:
4888:Simmondsiaceae
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4848:Plumbaginaceae
4845:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4830:Caryophyllales
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4631:Sarcolaenaceae
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:Gerrardinaceae
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:Elaeocarpaceae
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4308:Phyllanthaceae
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Passifloraceae
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4198:Putranjivaceae
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4173:Calophyllaceae
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:Rhizophoraceae
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4092:Zygophyllaceae
4089:
4083:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4006:Ticodendraceae
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3880:
3875:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:Hamamelidaceae
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3721:Myrothamnaceae
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3657:Menispermaceae
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Joinvilleaceae
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Strelitziaceae
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3383:Pontederiaceae
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3345:Dasypogonaceae
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3322:Amaryllidaceae
3319:
3314:
3312:Xeronemataceae
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3115:Petrosaviaceae
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2977:Chloranthaceae
2973:
2971:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:Calycanthaceae
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2780:Schisandraceae
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Polypodiophyta
2682:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2567:
2566:External links
2564:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2525:
2507:(4): 477–495.
2488:
2470:(4): 499–515.
2451:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2324:(4): 233–306.
2304:
2268:
2247:(3): 225–239.
2227:
2201:
2175:
2150:
2124:
2112:
2103:
2090:(3): 371–381.
2074:
2021:
2014:
1994:
1985:
1976:Flora of China
1962:
1939:
1924:
1903:
1896:
1872:
1865:
1844:
1818:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1758:water dropwort
1754:fool's parsley
1742:poison hemlock
1690:
1687:
1629:
1628:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1538:
1537:
1488:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1434:Ferula gummosa
1376:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1327:edible leaves
1325:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1190:essential oils
1181:
1178:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1051:Main article:
1048:
1045:
1033:Phlyctidocarpa
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
980:
979:
976:
975:
971:
970:
967:
966:
962:
961:
958:
957:
953:
952:
949:
948:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
925:Phlyctidocarpa
920:
915:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
896:
891:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
874:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
850:
845:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
804:
799:
797:
791:
786:
785:
777:
769:
761:
739:
736:
712:APG III system
662:
659:
619:inferior ovary
555:hermaphroditic
476:
473:
469:water dropwort
465:fool's parsley
453:poison hemlock
350:parsley family
262:
261:
255:
254:
248:
247:
246:
245:
237:
229:
221:
210:
209:
205:
204:
199:
190:
189:
183:
182:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
144:
143:
138:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
81:
80:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
18:Parsley Family
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6509:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6470:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6282:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5871:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5806:Escalloniales
5803:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Menyanthaceae
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Campanulaceae
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5682:Aquifoliaceae
5680:
5678:
5677:Helwingiaceae
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5662:Stemonuraceae
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Pennantiaceae
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5592:
5582:
5581:Orobanchaceae
5579:
5577:
5576:Paulowniaceae
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Linderniaceae
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5305:Metteniusales
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Oncothecaceae
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5268:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5237:Actinidiaceae
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:Diapensiaceae
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:Lecythidaceae
5175:
5173:
5172:Polemoniaceae
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:Balsaminaceae
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:Hydrangeaceae
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:Schoepfiaceae
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Portulacaceae
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:Halophytaceae
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:Molluginaceae
4981:
4979:
4978:Nyctaginaceae
4976:
4974:
4973:Sarcobataceae
4971:
4969:
4968:Petiveriaceae
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Amaranthaceae
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Frankeniaceae
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4815:Aextoxicaceae
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4797:Superasterids
4793:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Simaroubaceae
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Anacardiaceae
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4712:Picramniaceae
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4616:Thymelaeaceae
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Muntingiaceae
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:Stachyuraceae
4510:
4508:
4507:Guamatelaceae
4505:
4503:
4502:Staphyleaceae
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Emblingiaceae
4432:
4430:
4429:Salvadoraceae
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Limnanthaceae
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Tropaeolaceae
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4357:
4356:Brunelliaceae
4354:
4352:
4351:Cephalotaceae
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Ixonanthaceae
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Euphorbiaceae
4286:
4284:
4283:Rafflesiaceae
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4233:Euphroniaceae
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Malpighiaceae
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:Caryocaraceae
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:Podostemaceae
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4079:Zygophyllales
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Casuarinaceae
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:Nothofagaceae
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Tetramelaceae
3918:
3916:
3915:Cucurbitaceae
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:Apodanthaceae
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3830:
3829:Cynomoriaceae
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Saxifragaceae
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Peridiscaceae
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3667:Ranunculaceae
3665:
3663:
3662:Berberidaceae
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:Nelumbonaceae
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Eriocaulaceae
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3441:Zingiberaceae
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Heliconiaceae
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3388:Haemodoraceae
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:Commelinaceae
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Asphodelaceae
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Ixioliriaceae
3295:
3293:
3292:Doryanthaceae
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Melanthiaceae
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Cyclanthaceae
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3143:Dioscoreaceae
3141:
3139:
3138:Burmanniaceae
3136:
3134:
3133:Nartheciaceae
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3107:Petrosaviales
3104:
3098:
3097:Cymodoceaceae
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Posidoniaceae
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Juncaginaceae
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Tofieldiaceae
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2969:Chloranthales
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:Chloranthidae
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:Hernandiaceae
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Gomortegaceae
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Eupomatiaceae
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Degeneriaceae
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Myristicaceae
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Hydatellaceae
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2724:Amborellaceae
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Discover Life
2594:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Soltis, P. S.
2494:
2493:Soltis, D. E.
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:Soltis, P. S.
2457:
2456:Soltis, D. E.
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1925:0-87842-280-3
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:water hemlock
1743:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1648:Daucus carota
1644:
1642:
1641:arrow poisons
1638:
1637:
1625:
1622:
1614:
1611:November 2013
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1580:This section
1578:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1520:November 2013
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:This section
1487:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:essential oil
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:Daucus carota
1235:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1196:Table of Uses
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:Halosciastrum
1066:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
969:
968:
960:
959:
951:
950:
947:
946:
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
930:Saniculoideae
927:
926:
919:
918:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
902:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
878:Azorelloideae
873:
872:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
856:
849:
848:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
810:
803:
802:
795:
794:
790:
781:
780:Saniculoideae
778:
773:
770:
765:
764:Azorelloideae
762:
757:
754:
753:
752:
750:
745:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:order in the
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:inflorescence
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
578:
574:
573:
572:Daucus carota
568:
564:
560:
559:actinomorphic
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:inflorescence
539:
537:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
493:
490:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:water hemlock
454:
450:
446:
445:giant hogweed
442:
437:
435:
432:, as well as
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:in about 446
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
319:
268:
260:
259:Umbelliferae
256:
253:
249:
243:
238:
233:
232:Saniculoideae
230:
225:
224:Azorelloideae
222:
217:
214:
213:
211:
206:
202:
197:
196:
191:
188:
184:
180:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:Tracheophytes
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
86:
82:
78:
77:
72:
71:
66:
65:
60:
59:
54:
53:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6293:Umbelliferae
6292:
5894:
5745:Calyceraceae
5740:Goodeniaceae
5725:Phellinaceae
5715:Stylidiaceae
5654:Aquifoliales
5643:
5536:Bignoniaceae
5521:Martyniaceae
5491:Gesneriaceae
5448:Hydroleaceae
5438:Montiniaceae
5392:Boraginaceae
5369:Gelsemiaceae
5359:Gentianaceae
5331:Eucommiaceae
5232:Roridulaceae
5212:Symplocaceae
5182:Sladeniaceae
5124:Curtisiaceae
5071:Loranthaceae
4993:Didiereaceae
4948:Barbeuiaceae
4908:Microteaceae
4863:Nepenthaceae
4853:Polygonaceae
4843:Tamaricaceae
4735:Nitrariaceae
4704:Picramniales
4669:Vochysiaceae
4654:Combretaceae
4568:Tapisciaceae
4563:Petenaeaceae
4469:Brassicaceae
4223:Trigoniaceae
4218:Balanopaceae
4183:Hypericaceae
4163:Bonnetiaceae
4138:Irvingiaceae
4125:Malpighiales
4115:Celastraceae
4087:Krameriaceae
4044:Elaeagnaceae
4039:Dirachmaceae
3996:Juglandaceae
3963:Polygalaceae
3948:Quillajaceae
3910:Coriariaceae
3887:Cucurbitales
3824:Haloragaceae
3819:Penthoraceae
3804:Crassulaceae
3769:Altingiaceae
3751:Saxifragales
3703:Dilleniaceae
3642:Papaveraceae
3637:Eupteleaceae
3629:Ranunculales
3537:
3504:Restionaceae
3464:Bromeliaceae
3398:Zingiberales
3378:Philydraceae
3368:Hanguanaceae
3360:Commelinales
3327:Asparagaceae
3287:Hypoxidaceae
3234:Ripogonaceae
3229:Philesiaceae
3224:Colchicaceae
3166:Velloziaceae
3161:Triuridaceae
3125:Dioscoreales
3042:Alismataceae
2990:
2959:
2921:Siparunaceae
2878:Magnoliaceae
2775:Trimeniaceae
2752:Nymphaeaceae
2716:Amborellales
2695:Angiospermae
2650:Families of
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2584:Umbelliferae
2554:. Retrieved
2550:
2528:
2504:
2500:
2467:
2463:
2412:
2408:
2380:. Retrieved
2375:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2127:
2115:
2106:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2042:
2038:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1915:
1887:
1884:Stace, C. A.
1856:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1813:
1762:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1692:
1680:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1608:
1593:Please help
1581:
1541:
1526:
1517:
1502:Please help
1490:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1364:
1349:
1332:
1315:
1300:
1279:
1259:Petroselinum
1257:
1236:
1214:
1206:Common Name
1183:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1130:
1113:
1093:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1042:
1038:paraphyletic
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1011:
943:
923:
922:
899:
898:
876:
853:
852:
830:
807:
806:
787:
749:monophyletic
741:
732:polyphyletic
728:paraphyletic
724:phylogenetic
705:
700:
692:
670:
667:John Lindley
664:
636:
630:
601:, with five
584:
570:
540:
533:
499:
478:
438:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
324:Umbelliferae
323:
266:
265:
258:
208:Subfamilies
193:
173:
147:
134:
121:
108:
76:Petroselinum
74:
68:
62:
56:
50:
29:
6087:iNaturalist
5919:Wikispecies
5700:Rousseaceae
5596:Campanulids
5556:Verbenaceae
5531:Acanthaceae
5526:Pedaliaceae
5516:Byblidaceae
5384:Boraginales
5374:Apocynaceae
5364:Loganiaceae
5346:Gentianales
5295:Icacinaceae
5247:Cyrillaceae
5242:Clethraceae
5222:Styracaceae
5202:Primulaceae
5129:Grubbiaceae
5056:Santalaceae
4998:Basellaceae
4953:Gisekiaceae
4893:Physenaceae
4858:Droseraceae
4755:Sapindaceae
4745:Burseraceae
4689:Alzateaceae
4601:Neuradaceae
4540:Francoaceae
4535:Geraniaceae
4487:Aphloiaceae
4459:Capparaceae
4439:Tovariaceae
4399:Moringaceae
4381:Brassicales
4341:Cunoniaceae
4336:Oxalidaceae
4331:Connaraceae
4248:Achariaceae
4243:Humiriaceae
4208:Elatinaceae
4102:Celastrales
4059:Cannabaceae
4034:Barbeyaceae
3958:Surianaceae
3930:Begoniaceae
3925:Datiscaceae
3764:Paeoniaceae
3741:Superrosids
3726:Gunneraceae
3695:Dilleniales
3614:Platanaceae
3489:Thurniaceae
3469:Rapateaceae
3431:Marantaceae
3282:Lanariaceae
3277:Asteliaceae
3262:Orchidaceae
3254:Asparagales
3239:Smilacaceae
3181:Pandanaceae
3171:Stemonaceae
3077:Zosteraceae
3072:Maundiaceae
3024:Alismatales
2941:Monimiaceae
2865:Magnoliales
2850:Saururaceae
2827:Winteraceae
2822:Canellaceae
2805:Magnoliidae
2747:Cabombaceae
2734:Nymphaeales
2667:Supergroup
1472:Cultivation
1365:Carum carvi
1203:Latin Name
1170:oviposition
1064:Haloselinum
611:geitonogamy
599:pentamerous
563:zygomorphic
475:Description
418:cow parsley
354:umbellifers
128:Angiosperms
6486:Categories
6374:60456503-2
6105:30000180-2
5783:Dipsacales
5773:Bruniaceae
5750:Asteraceae
5634:Araliaceae
5571:Phrymaceae
5506:Stilbaceae
5433:Solanaceae
5410:Vahliaceae
5336:Garryaceae
5282:Icacinales
5192:Sapotaceae
5046:Opiliaceae
5033:Santalales
5008:Talinaceae
4988:Montiaceae
4740:Kirkiaceae
4722:Sapindales
4694:Penaeaceae
4664:Onagraceae
4659:Lythraceae
4591:Cytinaceae
4550:Huerteales
4527:Geraniales
4464:Cleomaceae
4454:Resedaceae
4404:Caricaceae
4389:Akaniaceae
4318:Oxalidales
4273:Salicaceae
4258:Goupiaceae
4168:Clusiaceae
4069:Urticaceae
4049:Rhamnaceae
4011:Betulaceae
3991:Myricaceae
3713:Gunnerales
3619:Proteaceae
3499:Cyperaceae
3484:Mayacaceae
3474:Xyridaceae
3204:Corsiaceae
3153:Pandanales
3092:Ruppiaceae
3047:Butomaceae
2898:Annonaceae
2855:Piperaceae
2814:Canellales
1972:"Apiaceae"
1791:References
1783:, contain
1704:Ammi majus
1678:The woody
1563:Other uses
1422:asafoetida
1274:Vegetable
1252:Vegetable
1231:Vegetable
1021:Klotzschia
855:Klotzschia
720:morphology
716:Araliaceae
627:schizocarp
623:Stylopodia
530:pinnatifid
522:perfoliate
441:phototoxic
378:asafoetida
332:type genus
239:Apioideae
187:Type genus
64:Foeniculum
49:Apiaceae:
6308:Q10387485
6009:FloraBase
5791:Adoxaceae
5760:Bruniales
5692:Asterales
5561:Lamiaceae
5420:Solanales
5402:Vahliales
5354:Rubiaceae
5323:Garryales
5252:Ericaceae
5197:Ebenaceae
5134:Cornaceae
5119:Loasaceae
5104:Nyssaceae
5041:Olacaceae
5023:Cactaceae
4958:Aizoaceae
4933:Limeaceae
4770:Meliaceae
4674:Myrtaceae
4626:Cistaceae
4606:Malvaceae
4253:Violaceae
4158:Ochnaceae
4133:Pandaceae
3604:Sabiaceae
3596:Proteales
3494:Juncaceae
3459:Typhaceae
3436:Costaceae
3426:Cannaceae
3411:Lowiaceae
3350:Arecaceae
3307:Iridaceae
3267:Boryaceae
3244:Liliaceae
3014:Acoraceae
2946:Lauraceae
2837:Piperales
2675:Bryophyta
2556:11 August
2382:11 August
2069:236159639
1728:Heracleum
1721:Pastinaca
1582:does not
1491:does not
1462:hacquetia
1414:sea holly
1406:arracacha
1285:coriander
1216:Pastinaca
1186:tap roots
1146:Umbel of
1015:Platysace
945:Apioideae
809:Platysace
796:Apiaceae
756:Apioideae
742:Prior to
655:coriander
643:endosperm
615:gynoecium
605:and five
577:coriander
535:Bupleurum
510:petiolate
489:perennial
449:poisonous
430:sea holly
398:coriander
98:Kingdom:
35:Apiaceae
6492:Apiaceae
6469:umbellif
6456:VASCAN:
6449:50304865
6444:Tropicos
6302:Wikidata
6250:VicFlora
6239:VASCAN:
6232:42000273
6227:Tropicos
6040:Apiaceae
5959:BioLib:
5952:Apiaceae
5925:Apiaceae
5904:Wikidata
5895:Apiaceae
5870:Category
5644:Apiaceae
5566:Mazaceae
5476:Oleaceae
5458:Lamiales
5207:Theaceae
5144:Ericales
5096:Cornales
5086:Asterids
4943:Kewaceae
4760:Rutaceae
4646:Myrtales
4621:Bixaceae
4583:Malvales
4424:Bataceae
4293:Linaceae
4278:Peraceae
4064:Moraceae
4054:Ulmaceae
4029:Rosaceae
3986:Fagaceae
3953:Fabaceae
3862:Vitaceae
3789:Iteaceae
3586:Buxaceae
3569:Eudicots
3421:Musaceae
3337:Arecales
3191:Liliales
3006:Acorales
2996:Monocots
2908:Laurales
2593:Apiaceae
2578:Apiaceae
2535:Archived
2447:38655452
2439:10406725
2348:18387369
2299:15796588
2263:13941836
2220:8 August
2194:8 August
2061:34287829
1982:: 1–205.
1954:Archived
1934:25708726
1886:(2010).
1785:polyynes
1689:Toxicity
1549:ladybugs
1430:galbanum
1418:Eryngium
1394:Angelica
1390:angelica
1323:culantro
1074:Angelica
661:Taxonomy
586:Acronema
518:stipules
485:biennial
434:silphium
370:angelica
267:Apiaceae
252:Synonyms
174:Apiaceae
170:Family:
154:Asterids
141:Eudicots
70:Eryngium
6348:4271321
5910:Q145794
5606:Apiales
5272:Lamiids
4371:Malvids
4326:Huaceae
4021:Rosales
3973:Fagales
3940:Fabales
3854:Vitales
3578:Buxales
3524:Poaceae
3032:Araceae
2991:Lilidae
2604:at the
2521:2419610
2484:2446219
2431:2656619
2339:2515280
2168:1 March
1781:parsnip
1777:parsley
1716:parsnip
1673:incense
1603:removed
1588:sources
1512:removed
1497:sources
1460:), and
1420:spp.),
1396:spp.),
1382:chervil
1370:caraway
1261:crispum
1223:Parsnip
1209:Use(s)
1158:Ecology
783:Burnett
708:Apiales
695:. With
607:stamens
595:corolla
583:(as in
557:), and
526:ternate
514:sessile
426:parsnip
422:parsley
394:chervil
382:caraway
358:species
235:Burnett
164:Apiales
160:Order:
102:Plantae
61:habit,
6407:NZOR:
6387:102647
6322:214623
6281:414761
6193:183090
6180:372831
6164:NZOR:
6131:500042
6118:119494
3877:Fabids
3844:Rosids
3451:Poales
2656:APG IV
2519:
2482:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2376:Medium
2346:
2336:
2297:
2261:
2143:16 May
2067:
2059:
2012:
1932:
1922:
1894:
1863:
1837:4 June
1773:fennel
1769:celery
1765:carrot
1723:sativa
1665:, and
1454:lovage
1438:cicely
1398:celery
1340:fennel
1295:seeds
1270:Edible
1248:Edible
1244:carrot
1227:Edible
1218:sativa
1172:. The
1077:. The
1047:Genera
1027:Hermas
901:Hermas
681:celery
632:Daucus
603:petals
593:, and
575:) and
567:carrot
547:umbels
496:shrubs
481:annual
414:lovage
410:fennel
390:celery
386:carrot
366:ajwain
362:genera
346:carrot
342:celery
179:Lindl.
79:root.
58:Daucus
6459:21905
6423:55741
6400:29430
6382:IRMNG
6335:10930
6276:WoRMS
6201:Plazi
6113:IRMNG
6092:48699
6053:10052
6035:FoAO2
6027:10052
6014:22884
6001:1UMBF
5939:54466
2669:Plant
2517:JSTOR
2480:JSTOR
2443:S2CID
2427:JSTOR
2065:S2CID
1683:Phil.
1557:flies
1446:anise
1355:cumin
1110:Anise
759:Seem.
699:1672
689:umbel
672:Apium
651:cumin
647:anise
591:calyx
551:cymes
528:, or
492:herbs
402:cumin
374:anise
336:Apium
322:) or
242:Seem.
195:Apium
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
52:Apium
6431:POWO
6395:ITIS
6369:IPNI
6361:1164
6356:GRIN
6343:GBIF
6317:APNI
6214:POWO
6157:4037
6152:NCBI
6126:ITIS
6100:IPNI
6074:GRIN
6066:6720
6061:GBIF
5996:EPPO
5988:4200
5962:3305
5947:ATRF
5934:APNI
2558:2018
2435:PMID
2384:2018
2344:PMID
2295:PMID
2259:PMID
2222:2018
2196:2018
2170:2024
2145:2022
2057:PMID
2010:ISBN
1930:OCLC
1920:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1839:2018
1779:and
1714:the
1586:any
1584:cite
1495:any
1493:cite
1306:dill
1272:Root
1250:Root
1229:Root
1180:Uses
1024:and
1012:The
653:and
428:and
406:dill
6330:FNA
6263:WFO
6139:NBN
6048:FoC
6022:FNA
5983:EoL
5975:6KC
5970:CoL
2613:at
2595:at
2586:at
2509:doi
2472:doi
2417:doi
2334:PMC
2326:doi
2287:doi
2249:doi
2092:doi
2047:doi
2043:108
1832:BBC
1597:by
1506:by
1468:).
1452:),
1444:),
1436:),
1428:),
1412:),
1404:),
1388:),
730:or
512:or
487:or
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1978:.
1974:.
1942:^
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1830:.
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309:iː
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