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459:. Governor Reeder had an economic stake in the site, since he was one of the investors and a new landowner in the settlement, and he was not disappointed: Within six weeks of his announcement, hundreds of people arrived in the town. It quickly sprouted new homes, stores, and hotels, and he soon built a 2-story log cabin there that became known as the "Governor's Mansion".
559:. On the resulting map, the survey indicated the eastern boundary of Fort Riley both with and without Pawnee, and the lines excluding the town were accepted. It was ordered to be destroyed and its land reincorporated back into Fort Riley. Notices signed by Pierce were posted on every structure instructing everyone to leave by October 10. A Major Cook with 1,000 of his
564:
home, a woman with her infant was carried out on a mattress and taken across the border line of the reservation. Most of the buildings, including all of its houses, were demolished, meaning financial ruin for many families. Other Kansas towns developed under similar circumstances but lacking significant free-state aspirants did not suffer the same fate.
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96:
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The
Territorial Legislature first met in Pawnee on July 2, 1855, composed mostly of the pro-slavery delegates fraudulently elected. They were unhappy that Governor Reeder had put the capital over 100 miles from the Missouri border, feeling that the location favored the free-state advocates in Kansas
606:
Davis had determined most of the town to be within the boundaries of Fort Riley; its eastern edge at the mouth of
Onemile Creek. Only the capitol building was spared from demolition. During its brief service by the legislature, it was a very uncomfortable meeting space due partly to the fact that it
535:
Because of its unscrupulous origin and actions, the group became known as the Bogus
Legislature. The pro-slavery men had never intended to reside in Pawnee, ignoring the nearby boarding houses available and arriving prepared to camp outside. After the vote to relocate, the Kansas Legislature never
531:
the measure, recalling the expense the town of Pawnee had already taken to build the capital city. The
Territorial Legislature overrode his veto, and next met in Shawnee on July 16. Nevertheless, Reeder continued to insist Pawnee was the capital, vetoing any legislation that reached him, believing
610:
After the legislature departed, townspeople entered the building and found, according to one of them, "...a room full of confusion and disorder. Torn pamphlets, scraps of papers, and rubbish of all descriptions were scattered about." The awkward edifice was used shortly afterward as a warehouse.
563:
troops were charged with evacuating the residents, many of whom were unwilling to leave. By the night of the 10th, some residents still remained. The
Governor's Mansion, abandoned by its first tenant who unhappily left for Shawnee, was pulled down with its next residents still inside. In another
522:
Undiscouraged, the pro-slavery legislators' first action was to unseat all but one of the free-state men, and one who lost his position exclaimed that they were, "lighting the watchfires of war". The only free-state legislator who remained, Martin Conway, appeared also to be at odds with Reeder,
633:
Today the museum features exhibits on Kansas
Territory, rail and river travel in the region, and the history of Pawnee. Because it is now part of a military installation, arrangements must be made in advance for the general public to visit the museum. A driving tour of the base is available,
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lines reached the abandoned town in 1866 – as part of a transcontinental route approved by the Pawnee legislature – passing just yards away from the north side of the capitol. Its passage through Pawnee was due in part to the unreliability of the nearby river for navigation.
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could arrive and cast votes they should not have been allowed. Missouri residents overran the polling places and threatened legitimate voters who were residents or planned to be such. Ultimately, only 8 of the 39 men elected had free-state intentions.
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standing during the
Governor's opening address to denounce the body and proclaim that he was prepared to dishonor any of its laws. Despite the Governor and Conway, another quick action the legislators took was a successful vote to move the capital to
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and Union
Pacific took over responsibility for the building and repaired it. It was rededicated in 1928 with a grand celebration and became a history museum. In 1961, the state legislature met in the Pawnee capitol again, for one day, during
55:
1961:
734:
A writer for the document meant to accompany the Fort Riley driving tour says of this identification, "This is obviously not the case," but the reality is that the location of any "center" is imprecise due to many
618:, is within the current boundary of the military reservation, and has since served a variety of other uses. It has also functioned as a church, a bachelor's club, housing and a carpentry shop. In the 1920s the
444:. Pawnee was first laid out in 1854. Fort Riley's commander, Colonel William R. Montgomery, authorized the acquisition by the Pawnee Town Association investors of 400 acres believed to be part of the
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and citing the legislative record, said definitively that the legislature met on the sixth. They passed the
Shawnee measure on the July 4th holiday, and therefore, "five" is being used here.
1951:
471:
before the first election of representatives to help ensure valid results. The
February 1855 census showed 36 residents in Pawnee, but 75 votes were cast there in the March 30
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voters at Pawnee. But the same could not be said at polling places throughout much of the rest of the territory, as more than 800 illegal votes were identified in both
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in 1855. Pawnee was the territorial capital for exactly five days – the legislature met there from July 2 to July 6 – before legislators voted to move the capital to
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Territory. What the legislators feared was precisely Reeder's intention, as he believed a free Kansas favored his personal land interests throughout the territory.
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was not complete. The floor boards were not nailed down, and a hole in the exterior wall left for construction purposes still remained at the second floor.
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Pawnee, named after a native tribe that had inhabited its land, was located on the far western frontier of Kansas Territory, between the new settlement of
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Some accounts claim that the legislature met at Pawnee for only four days rather than five. However, Governor Reeder in his own testimony to the
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Many residents left town with the legislators immediately after their adjournment on July 6. Those who did not were faced with a
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stayed in Pawnee again – July 6, 1855 was its last day as capital city – it served only five days.
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505:. But many free-staters felt that Reeder had intentionally delayed the spring election until pro-slavery men from neighboring
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History of Kansas: From the First Exploration of the Mississippi Valley, to Its Admission Into the Union
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448:. In December 1854 or January 1855, the site was selected as capital by recently-commissioned first
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interests had been bolstered by the arrival of new settlers from New England who were aided by the
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404:. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for
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674:) of the midpoint of the adjoining 48 states, marked, perhaps mistakenly, on the
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was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile
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The resident quoted was a "Mrs. Hadden". No first name was given by the source.
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Report of the Special Committee Assigned to Investigate the Troubles in Kansas
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678:. It is identified on this map as "Geological Center of the United States".
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featuring several historic sites, including the First Territorial Capitol.
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1907:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
1660:– more about the first legislature, with names and stories on its members
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480:
472:
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334:. It may be the shortest-lived capital of any U.S. state or territory (
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1409:. Report No. 200. Washington: 34th Congress, 1st Session. p. 937.
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who had arrived within that month, and election returns indicated no
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Soon after Pawnee lost its function as capital, in September 1855,
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1498:"Proceedings of the Legislature—Governor Reeder's Veto Message
1962:
Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States
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1527:. Newtown, Connecticut: American Political Biography Press.
318:, United States, which briefly served as the first official
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for five days in 1862 but was not federally recognized).
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The Governor had failed to take an accurate territorial
1327:
Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era
1348:. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, Inc.
1648:– archived Historical Society website for the capitol
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552:, surveyed the settlement and showed the results to
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also served as the capital of the newly established
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1591:. Fort Riley, Kansas. April 9, 2014. Archived from
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Franklin Pierce: Young Hickory of the Granite Hills
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1654:– archived Historical Society article about Pawnee
1507:. Shawnee Mission, Kansas Territory. July 21, 1855
1395:. Lafayette, Indiana: James, Emmons & Company.
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664:– Historic locations, including of the territories
668:Geographic center of the contiguous United States
1563:. Fort Riley, Kansas. p. 10. Archived from
1368:"Feature Detail Report for: Pawnee (historical)"
1329:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1952:Former populated places in Geary County, Kansas
1313:Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2
532:that the lawmakers were not in legal session.
380:. From the 16th century to 18th century, the
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1646:First Territorial Capitol State Historic Site
588:First Territorial Capitol State Historic Site
8:
1610:"Pawnee, Kansas – First Territorial Capitol"
658:– The federal bill that created the problems
1706:
1692:
1684:
1669:– Early history of Davis County and Pawnee
1433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1364:Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
670:– A more commonly accepted location (near
527:, on the Missouri border. Governor Reeder
34:
1254:
579:in August. Fort Riley was also affected.
1635:List of books about Geary County, Kansas
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783:United States Department of the Interior
66:Jefferson Township, Geary County, Kansas
1780:Map of Kansas highlighting Geary County
1346:Civil War on the Missouri–Kansas Border
1316:. Standard Publishing Company. p.
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1417:(1928). Connelley, William E. (ed.).
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699:, judges certified 75 true tallies.
616:National Register of Historic Places
495:and more than 4,000 territory-wide.
463:Electing the Territorial Legislature
384:claimed ownership of large parts of
1548:. Topeka, Kansas: Caroline Prentis.
1542:Prentis, Noble L. (July 23, 1909).
774:Geographic Names Information System
594:First Territorial Capitol of Kansas
32:Ghost town in Kansas, United States
1714:Municipalities and communities of
1589:"Kansas First Territorial Capitol"
1500:Reported for the Missouri Democrat
1476:. January 27, 2011. Archived from
330:, which is located in present-day
16:Ghost town in Geary County, Kansas
14:
652:– Details of the ongoing conflict
614:The structure, now listed on the
455:, after his delayed arrival from
1474:"Kansas Centennial Celebrations"
676:1909 Jefferson Township plat map
124:
117:
94:
87:
54:
1957:Pre-statehood history of Kansas
1415:Kansas State Historical Society
1373:United States Geological Survey
1310:Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912).
779:United States Geological Survey
602:The capitol under construction.
1666:History of the State of Kansas
125:
95:
1:
662:Capitals of the United States
138:Show map of the United States
1448:"First Territorial Capitol"
1344:Gilmore, Donald L. (2006).
710:34th United States Congress
646:– The tribe behind the name
1983:
1632:
1389:Holloway, John N. (1868).
591:
354:
232:1,053 ft (321 m)
18:
1912:
1773:
1728:
1558:"Fort Riley Driving Tour"
1325:Etcheson, Nicole (2004).
620:Kansas Historical Society
147:
81:
53:
44:
1658:Kansas Bogus Legislature
1401:House of Representatives
392:, France secretly ceded
19:Not to be confused with
1282:Historical Society 1928
1243:Historical Society 1928
1231:Historical Society 1928
1219:Historical Society 1928
1207:Historical Society 1928
1195:Historical Society 1928
1171:Historical Society 1928
1144:Historical Society 1928
1132:Historical Society 1928
1069:Historical Society 1928
1057:Historical Society 1928
984:Historical Society 1928
957:Historical Society 1928
858:Historical Society 1928
795:Historical Society 1928
479:. The number reflected
402:Treaty of Fontainebleau
1781:
1608:Weiser, Kathy (2017).
1468:Lawrence Journal-World
1420:The Old Pawnee Capitol
603:
581:Union Pacific Railroad
568:Pawnee later and today
475:, held at the home of
388:. In 1762, after the
72:and Pawnee across the
1947:Ghost towns in Kansas
1779:
1521:Nichols, Roy Franklin
695:In an 1856 report to
601:
428:Establishing the town
390:French and Indian War
268: • Summer (
167:39.08500°N 96.76167°W
25:Pawnee County, Kansas
1925:United States portal
1717:Geary County, Kansas
1664:William G. Cutler's
1570:on December 29, 2016
503:Emigrant Aid Company
450:Territorial Governor
446:military reservation
316:Geary County, Kansas
1672:Geary County maps:
1545:A History of Kansas
947:, pp. 149–151.
923:, pp. 472–473.
899:, pp. 148–149.
843:, pp. 407–410.
656:Kansas–Nebraska Act
172:39.08500; -96.76167
163: /
21:Pawnee Rock, Kansas
1967:Capitals of Kansas
1782:
604:
514:One week of action
410:Louisiana Purchase
340:Colorado Territory
242: • Total
108:Show map of Kansas
1934:
1933:
1614:Legends of Kansas
1595:on March 30, 2017
1480:on March 30, 2017
1423:. Topeka, Kansas.
1221:, pp. 28–29.
971:, pp. 55–60.
935:, pp. 81–82.
434:Manhattan, Kansas
406:modern day Kansas
382:Kingdom of France
373:was inhabited by
357:History of Kansas
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1366:(July 1, 1984).
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769:"Pawnee, Kansas"
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422:Kansas Territory
420:. In 1854, the
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1255:Ft. Riley 2014
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208:
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196:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
145:
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131:
130:
123:
122:
116:
115:
114:
113:
101:
100:
93:
92:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
59:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
39:Pawnee, Kansas
38:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1979:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1918:Kansas portal
1915:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
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1867:
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1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
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1825:
1819:
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1813:
1811:
1805:
1798:
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1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Junction City
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:Junction City
1734:
1727:
1722:United States
1719:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:Packed Houses
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1534:0-945707-06-1
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1454:. August 2002
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1336:0-7006-1287-4
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1284:, p. 15.
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1209:, p. 26.
1208:
1203:
1200:
1197:, p. 24.
1196:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:Blackmar 1912
1179:
1176:
1173:, p. 12.
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:Holloway 1868
1152:
1149:
1146:, p. 11.
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:, p. 10.
1133:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:Holloway 1868
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1047:, p. 67.
1046:
1045:Etcheson 2004
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1001:, p. 62.
1000:
995:
993:
989:
986:, p. 23.
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
969:Etcheson 2004
965:
962:
958:
953:
950:
946:
945:Holloway 1868
941:
938:
934:
929:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
897:Holloway 1868
893:
891:
887:
883:
882:Blackmar 1912
878:
875:
871:
870:Holloway 1868
866:
863:
859:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
837:
834:
830:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
812:Blackmar 1912
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
764:
762:
760:
758:
754:
747:
742:
731:
728:
722:
719:
715:
711:
705:
702:
698:
692:
689:
682:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:Pawnee people
642:
641:
637:
635:
631:
629:
626:
621:
617:
612:
608:
600:
595:
587:
585:
582:
578:
575:
567:
565:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
539:
537:
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526:
520:
513:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
460:
458:
454:
453:Andrew Reeder
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:North America
383:
379:
376:
372:
371:North America
368:
364:
358:
351:Early history
350:
345:
343:
341:
337:
336:Colorado City
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
300:
298:
291:
288:
286:
278:
275:
271:
261:
257:
254:
252:
244:
231:
224:
223:Pawnee people
221:
219:
212:
209:
207:
200:
197:
195:
188:United States
187:
185:
176:
148:Coordinates:
120:
90:
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:
48:
43:
36:
30:
26:
22:
1840:
1736:
1665:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1572:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1544:
1524:
1509:. Retrieved
1499:
1492:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1466:
1456:. Retrieved
1451:
1419:
1405:
1391:
1378:. Retrieved
1371:
1345:
1326:
1312:
1304:Bibliography
1289:
1277:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1088:
1076:
1071:, p. 8.
1064:
1059:, p. 5.
1052:
1030:Nichols 1931
1025:
999:Gilmore 2006
964:
959:, p. 7.
952:
940:
933:Prentis 1909
928:
916:
904:
877:
865:
860:, p. 4.
841:Nichols 1931
836:
829:Nichols 1931
797:, p. 3.
790:
772:
730:
721:
704:
691:
632:
613:
609:
605:
571:
543:
534:
521:
517:
497:
484:
477:Robert Klotz
466:
457:Pennsylvania
431:
367:Great Plains
360:
307:
306:
74:Kansas River
64:of northern
29:
1828:Ghost towns
1810:communities
1732:County seat
1018:Weiser 2017
540:Destruction
493:Leavenworth
170: /
1941:Categories
1889:Smoky Hill
1797:Fort Riley
1633:See also:
1452:Kansapedia
1294:World 2011
1093:Times 1855
1081:House 1856
921:House 1856
909:House 1856
743:References
628:centennial
499:Free-state
442:Fort Riley
436:, and the
400:, per the
394:New France
355:See also:
312:ghost town
237:Population
158:96°45′42″W
70:Fort Riley
68:, showing
47:Ghost town
1903:Footnotes
1894:Wingfield
1869:Jefferson
1851:Townships
1619:March 24,
1599:March 29,
1574:March 25,
1553:U.S. Army
1511:March 24,
1484:March 28,
1458:March 29,
1429:cite book
1380:March 29,
1270:Army 2017
1108:KSHS 2002
748:Citations
625:statehood
481:emigrants
438:U.S. Army
412:for 2.83
363:millennia
361:For many
285:Area code
251:Time zone
229:Elevation
218:Named for
1678:Historic
1523:(1931).
1403:(1856).
735:factors.
697:Congress
638:See also
577:outbreak
507:Missouri
489:Lawrence
473:election
440:post at
155:39°5′6″N
1884:Milford
1874:Liberty
1864:Jackson
1859:Blakely
1818:Wreford
1767:Milford
1674:Current
1586:
1445:
574:cholera
485:illegal
375:nomadic
346:History
332:Fairway
322:of the
320:capital
301:482209
297:GNIS ID
184:Country
76:. 1909.
1841:Pawnee
1749:Cities
1680:, KDOT
1582:
1531:
1441:
1375:(USGS)
1352:
1333:
548:, the
529:vetoed
469:census
365:, the
308:Pawnee
206:County
199:Kansas
132:Pawnee
102:Pawnee
1836:Alida
1568:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1505:(PDF)
683:Notes
561:Texas
414:cents
398:Spain
310:is a
279:(CDT)
277:UTC-5
256:UTC-6
211:Geary
194:State
62:plats
1879:Lyon
1621:2017
1601:2017
1576:2017
1529:ISBN
1513:2017
1486:2017
1460:2017
1435:link
1382:2017
1350:ISBN
1331:ISBN
491:and
418:acre
416:per
60:The
1789:CDP
1584:———
1443:———
1318:451
396:to
369:of
314:in
290:785
270:DST
260:CST
23:or
1943::
1735::
1720:,
1676:,
1612:.
1555:,
1495:,
1471:,
1450:.
1431:}}
1427:{{
1370:.
1262:^
1163:^
1100:^
1037:^
1006:^
991:^
976:^
889:^
848:^
819:^
802:^
781:,
777:,
771:,
756:^
1799:‡
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1623:.
1603:.
1578:.
1537:.
1515:.
1502:"
1488:.
1462:.
1437:)
1384:.
1358:.
1339:.
1320:.
1296:.
1272:.
1257:.
1110:.
1095:.
1020:.
272:)
262:)
258:(
245:0
27:.
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