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The species persists through a large altitude range, with specimens retrieved from sea level up to 4600 m. They have shown to be fairly resilient to urbanisation and agricultural activities; however, the removal of vegetation limits their distribution in dense city areas and industrial zones. The giant hummingbird migrates in summer to the temperate areas of South
America, reaching as low as 44° S. Correspondingly, it migrates north to more tropical climates in winter (March–August), though not usually venturing higher than 28° S.
579:
150:
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285:
108:
81:
36:
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Prior to the giant hummingbird being split into the
Northern and Southern species, it was described as weighing 18–24 g (0.63–0.85 oz) and having a wingspan of approximately 21.5 cm (8.5 in) and length of 23 cm (9.1 in). Although the Northern species is larger, both are
648:
from other birds and animals, and this reduces the viability of the hummingbird in an area with many nectar robbers, as well as indirectly affecting the plants by reducing pollination. If alien species are introduced that become nectar thieves, it is reasonable to predict that their activities will
548:
Hummingbirds are extremely agile and acrobatic flyers, regularly partaking in sustained hovering flight, often used not only to feed on the wing but to protect their territory and court mates. The giant hummingbird is typical in that it will brazenly defend its precious energy-rich flower territory
528:
The giant hummingbird is widely distributed throughout the length of the Andes on both the east and west sides. It typically inhabits the higher altitude scrubland and forests that line the slopes of the Andes during the summer and then retreats to similar, lower altitude habitats in winter months.
557:
The giant hummingbird hovers at an average of 15 wing beats per second, a slow rate for a hummingbird. Its resting heart rate is 300 beats per minute, with a peak rate in flight of 1020 beats per minute. Energy requirements for hummingbirds do not scale evenly with size increases, meaning a larger
657:
There is little known of the giant hummingbird's breeding behaviour, but some generalisations can be inferred from other hummingbird species. Hummingbird males tend to have polygynous, occasionally promiscuous, behaviours and no involvement after copulation. The female builds the nest and lays a
643:
Considering the energy-rich nature of nectar as a food source, it attracts a large range of visitors apart from the hummingbird, which has coevolved with a plant to be the flower's most efficient pollinator. These other visitors, because they are not designed to access the well-hidden bounty of
586:
The giant hummingbird feeds mainly on nectar, visiting a range of flowers. The female giant hummingbird has been observed ingesting sources of calcium (sand, soil, slaked lime and wood ash) after the reproductive season to replenish the calcium used in egg production; the low calcium content of
469:
Giant hummingbirds can be identified by their large size and characteristics such as the presence of an eye-ring, straight bill longer than the head, dull colouration, very long wings (approaching the tail tip when stowed), long and moderately forked tail, tarsi feathered to the toes and large,
569:
per hour to sustain its flight. This huge requirement along with the low oxygen availability and thin air (generating little lift) at the high altitudes where the giant hummingbird usually lives suggest that it is close to the viable maximum size for a hummingbird.
604:
in Chile, with which it enjoys a symbiotic relationship, trading pollination for food. As a large hovering bird, particularly at high altitudes, the giant hummingbird has extremely high metabolic requirements. It is known to feed from columnar cacti, including
512:
The giant hummingbird occasionally glides in flight, a behavior very rare among hummingbirds. Its elongated wings allow more efficient glides than do those of other hummingbirds. The giant hummingbird's voice is a distinctive loud, sharp and whistling "chip".
1902:
1036:
Williamson, Jessie L.; Gyllenhaal, Ethan F.; Bauernfeind, Selina M.; Bautista, Emil; Baumann, Matthew J.; Gadek, Chauncey R.; Marra, Peter P.; Ricote, Natalia; Valqui, Thomas; Bozinovic, Francisco; Singh, Nadia D.; Witt, Christopher C. (2024-05-21).
644:
nectar, often damage the flowers (for example, piercing them at the base) and prevent further nectar production. Because of its high energy requirements, the giant hummingbird alters its foraging behaviour as a direct response to
658:
clutch of two eggs during the summer. A giant hummingbird nest is small considering the size of the bird, typically made near water sources and perched on a branch of a tree or shrub parallel to the ground.
649:
significantly impact the local ecosystem. This could prove to be a future risk for the giant hummingbird populations because they sit close to the physical limit in their metabolic demands.
540:' from northern Bolivia and Chile to Argentina. Contact between these previously accepted subspecies is most likely to occur around the eastern slopes of the north Peruvian Andes.
413:; however, there remain areas of contact between the species, hence the lack of full speciation. The proposed phylogenetic system for hummingbirds suggested by McGuire
4398:
687:
4622:
4437:
4632:
4597:
686:
The range of the giant hummingbird is sizable, estimated at 1,200,000 km, with total numbers of about 10,000 adults. The species is classified by the
446:. This is because the putative type series for the subspecies includes both giant hummingbird species: one Southern and three Northern giant hummingbirds.
409:
These subspecies are thought to have emerged as a result of partial geographical separation of populations by volcanic activity in the Andes predating the
1004:
McGuire, Jimmy A.; Witt, Christopher C.; Remsen, J. V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, Douglas L. (5 August 2008). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds".
670:
believe that if a woman captures a hummingbird then they will gain great fertility from it. This species is a likely inspiration to the people of the
490:, making the body a smaller proportion of the total length. This weight is almost twice that of the heaviest hummingbird species outside of the genus
4556:
4372:
4569:
4411:
627:
4612:
1940:
635:
1846:"Reproductive biology of the violet-chested hummingbird in Venezuela and comparisons with other tropical and temperate hummingbirds"
4627:
1443:
Villegas, Mariana; Garitano-Zavala, Álvaro (2010). "Bird community responses to different urban conditions in La Paz, Bolivia".
4574:
1897:
1657:
González-Gómez, P. L.; Valdivia, C. E. (2005). "Direct and indirect effects of nectar robbing on the pollinating behavior of
4416:
1195:
Lasiewski, Robert C.; Weathers, Wesley W.; Bernstein, Marvin H. (1967). "Physiological responses of the giant hummingbird,
1845:
549:
from other species and other giant hummingbirds. These birds are typically seen alone, in pairs or small family groups.
4607:
4310:
1918:
4442:
867:
425:
314:
3573:
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The giant hummingbird holds significant value for some of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andes. The people of
149:
1913:
4450:
3206:
1504:
4617:
1933:
334:
4455:
1529:
Hainsworth, F.R.; Wolf, L.L. (1972). "Power for hovering flight in relation to body size in hummingbirds".
4637:
4297:
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619:
613:
356:
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sturdy feet. There is no difference between the sexes. Juveniles have small corrugations on the lateral
330:
274:
257:
738:
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914:
813:. Field Museum Natural History Publications. Zoological Series. Volume 19. Vol. 19. p. 230.
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844:
639:
Aerial image of geoglyph in the Nazca Desert, Peru with similar features to the giant hummingbird
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350:
144:
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1892:
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McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014).
483:
479:
44:
2346:
1128:) in the mountains of central Argentina and a climatic envelope model for its distribution".
558:
bird such as giant hummingbird requires more energy per gram to hover than a smaller bird.
486:, though giant hummingbirds are considerably lighter because it has a slender build and long
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3865:
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1101:
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1013:
922:
871:
850:
A List of the Genera of Birds : with an
Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus
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667:
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2699:
2390:
2379:
824:
592:
495:
396:
368:
1793:
Vleck, C. M. (1981). "Hummingbird incubation: female attentiveness and egg temperature".
1806:
1763:
1724:
1674:
1456:
1348:
1303:
1155:
Oritz-Crespo, F. I. (1972). "A new method to separate immature and adult hummingbirds".
918:
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333:
based on a specimen that
Vieillot mistakenly believed had been collected in Brazil. The
4276:
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1212:
724:
691:
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117:
112:
54:
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1429:
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848:
828:
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808:
599:
442:
360:
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1401:
875:
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nectar necessitates these extra sources. Similarly, a nectar-based diet is low in
284:
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4256:
4187:
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2423:
2256:
2201:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2131:
2124:
1954:
1039:"Extreme elevational migration spurred cryptic speciation in giant hummingbirds"
964:
793:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Constant Chantepie. p. 296–297; Plate 180.
675:
566:
562:
417:(2009) accommodated the possible elevation of these subspecies to species rank.
375:
364:
310:
224:
214:
1038:
4502:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4108:
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2208:
2180:
1908:
1771:
1732:
1611:
Estades, C.F.; Vukasovic, M.A.; Tomasevic, J. A. (2008). "Giant hummingbirds (
1464:
1335:
Templin, R.J. (2000). "The spectrum of animal flight: insects to pterosaurs".
1312:
1287:
1017:
927:
902:
833:. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 95.
386:
379:
17:
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2283:
2249:
2215:
2194:
2145:
2010:
1995:
1707:
Larrea-Alcázar, Daniel M.; López, Ramiro P. (2011). "Pollination biology of
1483:
Schlumpberger, B. O.; Badano, E.I. (2005). "Diversity of floral visitors to
1054:
359:
studies have shown that the giant hummingbird has no close relatives and is
204:
161:
80:
1822:
1594:
1321:
1259:
1106:
1089:
1074:
936:
760:
1220:
4528:
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4241:
4094:
4080:
4007:
3998:
3754:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3425:
3359:
3273:
3255:
3241:
3149:
3142:
3121:
3114:
3086:
3072:
3017:
2896:
2797:
2565:
1989:
1977:
1958:
1585:
1568:
234:
181:
49:
345:
in 1945. The giant hummingbird was the only species placed in the genus
4561:
4377:
4284:
4016:
3823:
3816:
3802:
3719:
3031:
1814:
1711:(Cactaceae), a columnar cactus inhabiting the high subtropical Andes".
1176:
966:
Taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of the Andean hummingbird genera
521:
505:
is yellowish brown overall and has white on the chin and throat, where
410:
3844:
2997:
1971:
1628:
1141:
509:
is more olive green to brown and lacks white on the chin and throat.
171:
4390:
4351:
4218:
1746:
Wester, P.; Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2006). "Hummingbird pollination in
1402:"Seasonal variation in avian community composition in a high-Andean
1387:
Multi-ethnic Bird Guide of the
Subantarctic Forests of South America
1168:
1861:
1542:
1421:
1251:
4489:
4346:
1983:
1569:"The physiology and biomechanics of avian flight at high altitude"
1389:(2nd ed.). University of North Texas Press. pp. 171–173.
634:
626:
577:
520:
459:
453:
405:(Vieillot, 1824) – central, south Chile and west-central Argentina
399:, 1893 – southwest Colombia to north Chile and northwest Argentina
134:
128:
4364:
1400:
Herzog, Sebastian K.; Rodrigo, Soria A.; Matthysen, Erik (2003).
903:"Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds"
536:' occurs from Ecuador to the southeastern mountains of Peru and '
1909:
Behaviour in the wild in Chile, showing flight and vocalisations
487:
471:
463:
191:
4222:
3923:
2935:
2630:
2008:
1922:
709:
707:
29:
1238:(2011). "Comparative energetics of the giant hummingbird".
1505:
10.2985/1070-0048(2005)11[18:DOFVTE]2.0.CO;2
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3953:
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2816:
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2644:
2534:
2524:
2432:
2367:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2100:
2071:
2022:
329:
and illustrated in 1824 by the French ornithologist
4518:
4231:
4177:
4132:
4070:
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3997:
3977:
3934:
3771:
3709:
3444:
3435:
3415:
3272:
3168:
3159:
3062:
3007:
2980:
2971:
2948:
2895:
2875:
2852:
2815:
2777:
2749:
2725:
2698:
2675:
2666:
2643:
2590:
2548:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2454:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2389:
2366:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2266:
2232:
2114:
2087:
2058:
2021:
1750:(Lamiaceae) lacking the typical lever mechanism".
1898:Photographs of this and other hummingbird species
739:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687785A93168933.en
598:It regularly feeds from the flowers of the genus
1702:
1700:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1124:Von Wehrden, H. (2008). "The giant hummingbird (
561:The giant hummingbird requires an estimated 4.3
1043:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
985:(1st ed.). Bonn, Germany: Bonn University
688:International Union for Conservation of Nature
595:, and this is countered by consuming insects.
1934:
1524:
1522:
1119:
1117:
1090:"The evolution of tail shape in hummingbirds"
501:The subspecies are visually distinguishable.
8:
1562:
1560:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1844:Fierro-Calderón, K.; Martin, T. E. (2007).
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
43:It has been suggested that this article be
4219:
4012:
4003:
3931:
3920:
3441:
3165:
2977:
2945:
2932:
2755:
2704:
2672:
2640:
2627:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2428:
2419:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2093:
2064:
2018:
2005:
1941:
1927:
1919:
1606:
1604:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
283:
106:
79:
70:
1584:
1311:
1105:
926:
853:. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 14.
737:
1281:
1279:
1277:
494:and ten times that of the smallest, the
1286:Healy, Susan; Hurly, T. Andrew (2006).
1234:Fernández, María José; Dudley, Robert;
1201:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
703:
440:became invalid as it was found to be a
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
313:species, after its close relative the
1240:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
1031:
1029:
1027:
882:. International Ornithologists' Union
862:
860:
303:) is one of two species in the genus
7:
4623:Hummingbird species of South America
1567:Altshuler, D.L.; Dudley, R. (2006).
432:and the southern giant hummingbird (
4633:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
4598:IUCN Red List least concern species
1573:Integrative and Comparative Biology
725:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
631:Giant hummingbird on cactus in Peru
478:approximately the same length as a
25:
1615:) ingest calcium-rich minerals".
982:Gray, 1840 (Aves: Trochiliformes)
1683:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00088.x
880:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
830:Check-List of Birds of the World
424:was split into two species, the
148:
34:
1903:Giant hummingbird photo gallery
1889:on the Internet Bird Collection
1752:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1713:Plant Systematics and Evolution
714:BirdLife International (2016).
367:, a large clade containing the
1337:Progress in Aerospace Sciences
1088:Clark, Christopher J. (2010).
553:Flight, anatomy and physiology
1:
1617:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
1357:10.1016/S0376-0421(00)00007-5
1130:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
363:to the hummingbird subfamily
1213:10.1016/0010-406X(67)90342-8
426:northern giant hummingbird (
389:were previously recognised:
4613:Birds of the Puna grassland
1406:(Rosaceae) forest fragment"
74:Southern giant hummingbird
4654:
1893:BirdLife Species Factsheet
676:Nazca hummingbird geoglyph
325:The giant hummingbird was
315:northern giant hummingbird
295:southern giant hummingbird
3930:
3919:
2944:
2931:
2758:
2707:
2639:
2626:
2520:
2328:
2096:
2067:
2017:
2004:
1966:
1772:10.1007/s00606-005-0366-9
1733:10.1007/s00606-011-0485-4
1465:10.1007/s11252-010-0126-7
1313:10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.015
1018:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x
928:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016
282:
263:
256:
145:Scientific classification
143:
126:
104:
95:
87:
78:
73:
1961:and their extinct allies
1887:Giant hummingbird videos
732:: e.T22687785A93168933.
517:Distribution and habitat
60:Proposed since May 2024.
4628:Birds described in 1824
1531:The American Naturalist
1055:10.1073/pnas.2313599121
309:and the second largest
1485:Echinopsis atacamensis
1107:10.1525/auk.2009.09073
1006:Journal of Ornithology
874:, eds. (August 2022).
790:La Galerie des Oiseaux
785:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
640:
632:
614:Echinopsis atacamensis
583:
525:
466:
357:Molecular phylogenetic
805:Hellmayr, Carl Eduard
662:Cultural significance
638:
630:
581:
524:
457:
331:Louis Pierre Vieillot
1709:Oreocereus celsianus
1385:Ricardo, R. (2010).
1236:Bozinovic, Francisco
963:Osés, C. S. (2003).
761:"Appendices | CITES"
608:Oreocereus celsianus
343:Carl Eduard Hellmayr
2357:Protocypselomorphus
1807:1981Oecol..51..199V
1764:2006PSyEv.257..133W
1725:2011PSyEv.295..129L
1675:2005Biotr..37..693G
1457:2010UrbEc..13..375V
1410:The Wilson Bulletin
1349:2000PrAeS..36..393T
1304:2006CBio...16.R392H
1049:(21): e2313599121.
919:2014CBio...24..910M
845:Gray, George Robert
349:when introduced by
98:Conservation status
4608:Birds of the Andes
2321:Steatornithiformes
1815:10.1007/bf00540601
1586:10.1093/icb/icj008
870:; Donsker, David;
810:The Birds of Chile
641:
633:
584:
526:
467:
436:). The subspecies
351:George Robert Gray
337:was designated as
4585:
4584:
4477:Open Tree of Life
4225:Taxon identifiers
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4173:
4172:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3411:
3410:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2745:
2744:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2409:
2408:
2371:Fluvioviridavidae
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2026:Archaeotrogonidae
1298:(11): R392–R393.
978:Lesson 1843; and
872:Rasmussen, Pamela
825:Peters, James Lee
582:Giant hummingbird
484:northern cardinal
480:European starling
374:(mountain gems),
291:
290:
138:
121:
67:
66:
62:
16:(Redirected from
4645:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4497:
4485:
4484:
4472:
4471:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4445:
4433:
4432:
4420:
4419:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4306:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4290:59067C71DACB05F6
4280:
4279:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4220:
4013:
4004:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3932:
3921:
3442:
3166:
3009:Phaethornithinae
2978:
2959:
2946:
2933:
2855:
2818:
2782:Aegialornithidae
2780:
2764:
2756:
2713:
2705:
2686:
2673:
2646:
2641:
2628:
2536:
2526:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2434:
2429:
2420:
2369:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2102:
2094:
2073:
2065:
2060:Caprimulgiformes
2024:
2019:
2006:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1874:
1873:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1758:(3–4): 133–146.
1743:
1737:
1736:
1719:(1–4): 129–137.
1704:
1695:
1694:
1661:(Trochilidae)".
1654:
1641:
1640:
1629:10.1676/07-054.1
1608:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1537:(951): 589–596.
1526:
1517:
1516:
1480:
1469:
1468:
1445:Urban Ecosystems
1440:
1434:
1433:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1361:
1360:
1343:(5–6): 393–436.
1332:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:10.1676/07-111.1
1121:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1069: 11126955.
1033:
1022:
1021:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
960:
941:
940:
930:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
864:
855:
854:
841:
835:
834:
821:
815:
814:
801:
795:
794:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
741:
711:
674:who created the
593:dietary minerals
574:Food and feeding
287:
269:
153:
152:
132:
115:
110:
109:
83:
71:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4520:Trochilus gigas
4514:
4506:
4501:
4493:
4488:
4480:
4475:
4467:
4464:Observation.org
4462:
4454:
4449:
4441:
4436:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4402:
4397:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4324:
4322:
4314:
4309:
4301:
4296:
4288:
4283:
4275:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4227:
4217:
4200:
4169:
4128:
4066:
3993:
3973:
3926:
3899:
3767:
3705:
3431:
3407:
3268:
3155:
3058:
3003:
2967:
2940:
2911:
2891:
2871:
2848:
2811:
2773:
2741:
2721:
2700:Aegotheliformes
2694:
2662:
2635:
2606:
2578:
2544:
2529:Masillapodargus
2477:
2450:
2405:
2391:Steatornithidae
2385:
2380:Fluvioviridavis
2362:
2289:
2262:
2228:
2110:
2083:
2077:Wyomingcypselus
2054:
2013:
2000:
1962:
1947:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1656:
1655:
1644:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1292:Current Biology
1285:
1284:
1275:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1169:10.2307/4084114
1154:
1153:
1149:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1035:
1034:
1025:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
962:
961:
944:
907:Current Biology
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
866:
865:
858:
843:
842:
838:
823:
822:
818:
803:
802:
798:
783:
782:
778:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
744:
742:
713:
712:
705:
700:
684:
664:
655:
576:
555:
546:
534:P. g. peruviana
519:
503:P. g. peruviana
496:bee hummingbird
452:
438:P. g. peruviana
394:P. g. peruviana
323:
278:
271:
265:
252:
147:
139:
122:
111:
107:
100:
63:
39:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4651:
4649:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4618:Birds of Chile
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4540:
4524:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:Patagona-gigas
4499:
4486:
4473:
4460:
4447:
4434:
4421:
4408:
4395:
4382:
4369:
4356:
4343:
4330:
4320:
4307:
4294:
4281:
4277:Patagona_gigas
4268:
4263:Patagona gigas
4253:
4237:
4235:
4233:Patagona gigas
4229:
4228:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4164:Schoutedenapus
4160:
4153:
4146:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3968:Scaniacypselus
3961:
3958:Procypseloides
3951:
3940:
3938:
3936:incertae sedis
3928:
3927:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3080:Anthracothorax
3076:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2950:incertae sedis
2942:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2859:
2857:Jungornithidae
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:Cypseloramphus
2759:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2679:
2677:incertae sedis
2670:
2668:Daedalornithes
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2559:Batrachostomus
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2539:Quercypodargus
2532:
2521:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2436:Parapreficinae
2426:
2417:
2415:Nyctibiiformes
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2329:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2268:Eurostopodinae
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2188:Phalaenoptilus
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1881:External links
1879:
1876:
1875:
1862:10.1650/8305.1
1856:(3): 680–685.
1836:
1801:(2): 199–205.
1785:
1748:Salvia haenkei
1738:
1696:
1669:(4): 693–696.
1659:Patagona gigas
1642:
1623:(3): 651–653.
1613:Patagona gigas
1600:
1556:
1543:10.1086/282799
1518:
1491:(Cactaceae)".
1470:
1451:(3): 375–391.
1435:
1422:10.1676/03-048
1416:(4): 438–447.
1392:
1362:
1327:
1288:"Hummingbirds"
1273:
1252:10.1086/660084
1246:(3): 333–340.
1226:
1207:(3): 797–813.
1197:Patagona gigas
1182:
1163:(4): 851–857.
1147:
1136:(3): 648–651.
1126:Patagona gigas
1113:
1080:
1023:
1012:(1): 155–165.
996:
970:Lesson, 1832;
942:
913:(8): 910–916.
893:
876:"Hummingbirds"
856:
836:
827:, ed. (1945).
816:
796:
776:
752:
718:Patagona gigas
702:
701:
699:
696:
683:
680:
663:
660:
654:
651:
646:nectar robbing
621:Salvia haenkei
575:
572:
554:
551:
545:
542:
518:
515:
451:
448:
407:
406:
400:
322:
319:
300:Patagona gigas
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
267:Patagona gigas
261:
260:
254:
253:
246:
244:
240:
239:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
127:
124:
123:
105:
102:
101:
96:
93:
92:
89:Patagona gigas
85:
84:
76:
75:
65:
64:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Patagona gigas
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4650:
4639:
4638:Nazca culture
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4197:
4196:
4195:Streptoprocne
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4179:Cypseloidinae
4176:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:Hemiprocnidae
3976:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3918:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3711:Lampornithini
3708:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:Chlorostilbon
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:Campylopterus
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3353:Oreotrochilus
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2962:Eurotrochilus
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Podargiformes
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Podargiformes
2501:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:Euronyctibius
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2116:Caprimulginae
2113:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Caprimulgidae
2086:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2042:Archaeotrogon
2039:
2037:
2036:
2035:Archaeodromus
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
997:
984:
983:
979:
975:
974:Gould, 1849;
971:
967:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
894:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
852:
851:
846:
840:
837:
832:
831:
826:
820:
817:
812:
811:
806:
800:
797:
792:
791:
786:
780:
777:
766:
762:
756:
753:
740:
735:
731:
727:
726:
721:
719:
710:
708:
704:
697:
695:
693:
692:Least Concern
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
672:Nazca culture
669:
668:Chiloé Island
661:
659:
652:
650:
647:
637:
629:
625:
623:
622:
617:
616:ssp. pasacana
615:
610:
609:
603:
602:
596:
594:
590:
580:
573:
571:
568:
564:
559:
552:
550:
543:
541:
539:
535:
530:
523:
516:
514:
510:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
475:
473:
465:
461:
456:
449:
447:
445:
444:
439:
435:
431:
429:
423:
418:
416:
412:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
391:
390:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:Lampornithini
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:type locality
332:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
301:
296:
286:
281:
276:
270:
268:
262:
259:
258:Binomial name
255:
251:
250:
249:P. gigas
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
136:
130:
125:
119:
114:
113:Least Concern
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
69:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4519:
4232:
4193:
4186:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:Collocaliini
4121:
4116:Telacanthura
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4061:Tachymarptis
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
3986:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3935:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3838:Microstilbon
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3810:Chaetocercus
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3672:Taphrospilus
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3602:Orthorhyncus
3600:
3593:
3588:Leucochloris
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3476:Anthocephala
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3424:
3402:Taphrolesbia
3400:
3393:
3386:
3381:Ramphomicron
3379:
3372:
3367:Phlogophilus
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3339:Opisthoprora
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3297:Chalcostigma
3295:
3290:Aglaiocercus
3288:
3281:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3214:Haplophaedia
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3186:Boissonneaua
3184:
3177:
3170:Heliantheini
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3101:Chrysolampis
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
2996:
2989:
2982:Florisuginae
2960:
2949:
2938:Trochiloidea
2877:Trochiloidea
2864:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:Cypselavidae
2803:
2796:
2789:
2765:
2734:
2727:Aegothelidae
2716:Quipollornis
2714:
2687:
2676:
2655:
2648:Eocypselidae
2633:Apodimorphae
2592:Apodimorphae
2571:
2564:
2557:
2537:
2527:
2472:Phyllaemulor
2470:
2463:
2443:
2398:
2378:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2282:
2277:Eurostopodus
2275:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:Chordeilinae
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2174:Nyctiphrynus
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2139:Eleothreptus
2137:
2130:
2123:
2103:
2075:
2047:
2040:
2033:
1955:hummingbirds
1853:
1849:
1839:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1579:(1): 62–71.
1576:
1572:
1534:
1530:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1386:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1100:(1): 44–56.
1097:
1093:
1083:
1046:
1042:
1009:
1005:
999:
987:. Retrieved
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
910:
906:
896:
886:13 September
884:. Retrieved
879:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
768:. Retrieved
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
729:
723:
717:
690:as being of
685:
665:
656:
642:
620:
612:
606:
600:
597:
591:and various
585:
560:
556:
547:
537:
533:
531:
527:
511:
506:
502:
500:
491:
476:
468:
443:nomen dubium
441:
437:
433:
427:
421:
419:
414:
408:
402:
393:
384:
382:(emeralds).
355:
346:
341:in Chile by
324:
305:
304:
299:
298:
294:
292:
266:
264:
248:
247:
235:
198:
88:
68:
59:
48:
4603:Trochilinae
4451:Neotropical
4386:iNaturalist
4257:Wikispecies
4188:Cypseloides
3887:Thaumastura
3880:Selasphorus
3782:Archilochus
3773:Mellisugini
3762:Sternoclyta
3748:Lamprolaima
3727:Heliomaster
3658:Stephanoxis
3651:Saucerottia
3539:Elliotomyia
3525:Chrysuronia
3437:Trochilinae
3417:Patagoninae
3395:Sephanoides
3311:Heliangelus
3249:Pterophanes
3039:Phaethornis
2973:Trochilidae
2906:See below ↓
2886:See below ↓
2843:Parargornis
2791:Aegialornis
2751:Apodiformes
2601:See below ↓
2573:Rigidipenna
2495:Letornithes
2456:Nyctibiinae
2445:Paraprefica
2424:Nyctibiidae
2257:Nyctiprogne
2202:Siphonorhis
2167:Nyctidromus
2160:Macropsalis
2153:Hydropsalis
2132:Caprimulgus
2125:Antrostomus
972:Pterophanes
868:Gill, Frank
745:12 November
567:food energy
538:P. g. gigas
507:P. g. gigas
472:beak culmen
450:Description
403:P. g. gigas
378:(bees) and
376:Mellisugini
365:Trochilinae
311:hummingbird
225:Trochilidae
215:Apodiformes
131:Appendix II
4592:Categories
4503:Xeno-canto
4157:Hydrochous
4150:Collocalia
4143:Aerodramus
4109:Rhaphidura
4088:Hirundapus
4072:Chaeturini
4026:Aeronautes
3988:Hemiprocne
3796:Calothorax
3789:Calliphlox
3734:Hylonympha
3700:Uranomitra
3686:Thaumasius
3679:Thalurania
3665:Talaphorus
3637:Ramosomyia
3623:Phaeoptila
3616:Phaeochroa
3595:Microchera
3567:Hylocharis
3546:Eupetomena
3511:Chlorestes
3504:Chionomesa
3446:Trochilini
3374:Polyonymus
3346:Oreonympha
3235:Loddigesia
3228:Lafresnaya
3200:Eriocnemis
3179:Aglaeactis
3161:Polytminae
3136:Heliothryx
3094:Avocettula
3064:Polytminae
2836:Cypselavus
2805:Procuculus
2736:Aegotheles
2689:Palescyvus
2657:Eocypselus
2550:Podargidae
2400:Steatornis
2312:Sedentaves
2303:Vanescaves
2243:Chordeiles
2209:Systellura
2181:Nyctipolus
2105:Ventivorus
1949:Genera of
1850:The Condor
1663:Biotropica
1493:Haseltonia
770:2022-01-14
698:References
387:subspecies
380:Trochilini
339:Valparaíso
4535:Q41024805
4123:Zoonavena
4102:Neafrapus
4054:Tachornis
4047:Panyptila
4040:Cypsiurus
3948:Laputavis
3894:Tilmatura
3866:Philodice
3859:Nesophlox
3831:Mellisuga
3741:Lampornis
3693:Trochilus
3644:Riccordia
3630:Polyerata
3581:Leucippus
3560:Goldmania
3553:Eupherusa
3532:Cynanthus
3497:Chalybura
3483:Basilinna
3332:Metallura
3325:Lophornis
3304:Discosura
3283:Adelomyia
3263:Urosticte
3221:Heliodoxa
3193:Coeligena
3129:Heliactin
3053:Threnetes
3046:Ramphodon
3025:Eutoxeres
2991:Florisuga
2866:Jungornis
2465:Nyctibius
2284:Lyncornis
2250:Lurocalis
2216:Uropsalis
2195:Setopagis
2146:Gactornis
2049:Hassiavis
2011:Strisores
1996:Strisores
1970:Kingdom:
1951:nightjars
1914:Chip note
1795:Oecologia
1499:: 18–26.
1404:Polylepis
1063:0027-8424
968:Coeligena
765:cites.org
544:Behaviour
428:P. chaski
420:In 2014,
353:in 1840.
327:described
243:Species:
205:Strisores
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
91:in Chile
4529:Wikidata
4490:Species+
4430:22687785
4404:10212923
4365:45512385
4303:22687785
4298:BirdLife
4242:Wikidata
4095:Mearnsia
4081:Chaetura
4008:Apodinae
3999:Apodidae
3873:Rhodopis
3755:Panterpe
3469:Amazilis
3462:Amazilia
3455:Abeillia
3426:Patagona
3360:Oxypogon
3274:Lesbiini
3256:Urochroa
3242:Ocreatus
3207:Ensifera
3150:Schistes
3143:Polytmus
3122:Eulampis
3115:Doryfera
3087:Augastes
3073:Androdon
3018:Anopetia
2897:Apodidae
2829:Argornis
2798:Primapus
2566:Podargus
1990:Passerea
1978:Chordata
1976:Phylum:
1972:Animalia
1831:25220383
1823:28310082
1691:84689385
1637:86241862
1595:21672723
1551:84151001
1513:86659001
1489:Pasacana
1430:85640049
1322:16753546
1268:31616893
1260:21527824
1075:38739790
989:18 April
980:Patagona
976:Ensifera
937:24704078
847:(1840).
807:(1932).
787:(1824).
653:Breeding
563:calories
492:Patagona
434:P. gigas
422:P. gigas
347:Patagona
321:Taxonomy
306:Patagona
275:Vieillot
236:Patagona
221:Family:
182:Chordata
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
118:IUCN 3.1
50:Patagona
4575:1149851
4562:8823276
4456:giahum1
4378:2476964
4352:giahum1
4326:giahum1
4285:Avibase
4248:Q282973
4017:Apodini
3824:Eulidia
3817:Doricha
3803:Calypte
3720:Eugenes
3108:Colibri
3032:Glaucis
2347:Prefica
1994:Clade:
1988:Clade:
1982:Class:
1870:6748956
1803:Bibcode
1780:1095801
1760:Bibcode
1721:Bibcode
1671:Bibcode
1487:Subsp.
1453:Bibcode
1345:Bibcode
1300:Bibcode
1221:6079418
1177:4084114
1157:The Auk
1094:The Auk
915:Bibcode
589:protein
411:Miocene
397:Boucard
277:, 1824)
231:Genus:
211:Order:
188:Class:
133: (
116: (
55:Discuss
4482:141987
4443:304667
4417:555217
3852:Myrtis
3845:Myrmia
3388:Sappho
3318:Lesbia
2998:Topaza
1959:swifts
1868:
1829:
1821:
1778:
1689:
1635:
1593:
1549:
1511:
1428:
1320:
1266:
1258:
1219:
1175:
1073:
1061:
935:
682:Status
618:, and
415:et al.
369:tribes
361:sister
45:merged
4549:8KDM2
4469:71969
4399:IRMNG
4347:eBird
4339:764GY
4323:BOW:
4316:69474
3925:Apodi
3609:Pampa
3574:Klais
2223:Veles
1905:VIREO
1866:S2CID
1827:S2CID
1776:S2CID
1687:S2CID
1633:S2CID
1547:S2CID
1509:S2CID
1426:S2CID
1264:S2CID
1173:JSTOR
482:or a
460:Cusco
199:Clade
135:CITES
129:CITES
47:into
4570:ITIS
4557:GBIF
4495:8426
4438:NCBI
4425:IUCN
4412:ITIS
4391:6255
4373:GBIF
4311:BOLD
4033:Apus
1984:Aves
1819:PMID
1591:PMID
1318:PMID
1256:PMID
1217:PMID
1071:PMID
1059:ISSN
991:2015
933:PMID
888:2022
747:2021
730:2016
611:and
601:Puya
488:bill
464:Peru
385:Two
293:The
192:Aves
4544:CoL
4360:EoL
4334:CoL
4272:ADW
1858:doi
1854:109
1811:doi
1768:doi
1756:257
1729:doi
1717:295
1679:doi
1625:doi
1621:120
1581:doi
1539:doi
1535:106
1501:doi
1461:doi
1418:doi
1414:115
1353:doi
1308:doi
1248:doi
1209:doi
1199:".
1165:doi
1138:doi
1134:120
1102:doi
1098:127
1067:PMC
1051:doi
1047:121
1014:doi
1010:150
923:doi
734:doi
565:of
458:In
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