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Furthermore, they found that libraries did not typically delete outdated pathfinders, because "something was better than nothing". When academic libraries' subject guides are reviewed, they are mainly reviewed by the original authors. When pathfinders at the course level are created, it may cause confusion to the students if the teacher also creates their own resources list, or faculty may regard the librarian as overstepping their role. It has been recommended to involve faculty in the creation and promotion of library subject guides. While the literature on pathfinders regularly discusses pathfinders' potential as a pedagogical tool, often the focus of the literature is shifted to merely optimising the form of the pathfinder.
111:
beginners in research to find the fundamental information they need to get started. In addition to this basic concept, many research guides include other complex goals, such as "teaching how to complete a given task, providing access to tools for actually doing it, promoting collections and services, educating users about the research process, and providing disciplinary context for in-depth research needs". Pathfinders also help to teach essential information and technology skills, and promote books and reading. They are broader in scope than
198:. Jackson rejected the bibliographic format in 1984, arguing that search strategies should be taught in a pathfinder. In 2012, a study on mental models of research guides showed that students preferred guides which were format-agnostic rather than grouped by format type. In 1995, Jim Kapoun argued that key features of good pathfinders were "compactness and basic informational resources".
215:
difficult for librarians to make web-based pathfinders. Webliographies became popular, lists of web links that were curated by librarians on a topic. These differed from pathfinders because they did not focus on the library's collection. As library services became increasingly accessible online, options for creating online pathfinders expanded, including webpages,
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guide as one part of the institution's suite of subject guides. It has also been said that librarians take a compilatory rather than a research attitude to creating a pathfinder. Little study has been done on how well a pathfinder covers its subject matter. A study found that pathfinders did not show the
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are considered to be helpful in enabling smaller libraries to quickly update their pathfinders. Additionally, automatically checking web links to see if they are still working may be useful. Individual librarians may consider themselves to "own" particular subject guides, rather than seeing a subject
214:
From the mid-1990s, as the
Internet became more popular, libraries began including web resources in their pathfinders and putting the pathfinders on their websites. This was not true for hospital libraries, as the technical complexity of the web and centralised control of hospital websites made it
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or if their lecturer told them to. While the stated audience for pathfinders are library clients, Jackson and
Pellack reported that reference librarians regarded them as a useful tool for training and for librarians at the front desk. It has been proposed that creating and maintaining library
50:
According to the Online
Dictionary for Library and Information Science, a pathfinder is "designed to lead the user through the process of researching a specific topic, or any topic in a given field or discipline, usually in a systematic, step-by-step way, making use of the best finding tools the
265:
It has been argued that pathfinders do not take a user-centred approach. Inconsistent formatting and overly-complex language have also been pointed to as being key points to watch out for. Some students become frustrated with dead links on subject guides, or the omission of resources that they
110:
Pathfinders are intended to be a launch point for research on a particular topic, via the collection of select materials available in a particular institution on that topic. However they are not generally an exhaustive collection of all of the materials on a given topic- they are designed for
287:
well. Jackson and
Pellack examined similar subject guides at different institutions to find out about duplication of effort in pathfinders. They found that there was little overlap between subject guides at different institutions, and that some websites used were of questionable quality.
210:
Booklists have been produced by libraries since at least the 1950s. Patricia Knapp, in the 1960s, integrated librarianship with academic instruction, but the term pathfinder was coined in 1972 by Marie
Canfield. From approximately 1973-1975, the Model Library Program sold pathfinders among
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has been shown to increase use of library resources among students. Pathfinders are often introduced to students as part of a one-shot library orientation session. A 2011 study found that students often do not use library guides simply by not knowing they exist, or preferring to use a
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for users. For public libraries, it has been suggested to use surveys, past experience and hot topics from local media to find topics for pathfinders. It has been argued to expand the purpose of a research guide from being a list of resources to also incorporating instruction on
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libraries, but there was not enough interest to continue selling pathfinders, as most libraries preferred to create their own. However, this was an expensive proposition, as collection-tailored pathfinders took about 8 - 20 hours of librarians' time as of the 1980s.
54:
The goal of a pathfinder is to gather the most useful, relevant, reliable and authoritative resources on a variety of academic, work-related or general-interest topics. Originally provided in print format in the 20th century in large
193:
Although the format varied, it emphasised subjects that were broad in scope and providing many different types of sources to the reader. In contrast, some academic libraries created specific pathfinders that functioned as a partial
1330:"Subject Guides in Academic Libraries: A User-Centred Study of Uses and Perceptions/Les guides par sujets dans les bibliothèques académiques : une étude des utilisations et des perceptions centrée sur l'utilisateur"
1629:
Neilson, J. (2004), “Electronic subject guides in literary studies: a qualitative content analysis”, unpublished Master of
Science in Information Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, available at:
42:
in a particular topic or subject area. Pathfinders are also called subject guides, topic guides, research guides, libguides, information portals, resource lists or study guides. Pathfinders produced by the
1435:
115:, and have been chosen from university course descriptions, thesis titles, and from term paper titles. Breaking down the topic the pathfinder is about is recommended to reduce the
1334:
47:
are known as "tracer bullets". What is special about a pathfinder is that it only refers to the information in a specific location, i.e. the shelves of a local library.
1374:
Jackson, Rebecca; Pellack, Lorraine J. (Summer 2004). "Internet
Subject Guides in Academic Libraries: An Analysis of Contents, Practices, and Opinions".
1872:; Goans, Doug; Leach, Guy; Vogel, Teri M. (January 2006). "Beyond HTML: Developing and re‐imagining library web guides in a content management system".
1376:
1675:
865:, 14, pp. 150-151, Library Literature & Information Science Retrospective: 1905-1983 (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 27 November 2015.
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instead. This study found that students would use the subject guides if they didn't know where to begin, or if they were navigating a new
235:. Electronic pathfinders on a library website can be used 24 hours a day. In higher education, embedding library subject guides into a
1776:
1754:
1737:
Khailova, Ladislava (17 May 2022). "Developing and incorporating impactful library research guides for online and hybrid learners".
1503:
Courtois, Martin P.; Higgins, Martha E.; Kapur, Aditya (June 2005). "Was this guide helpful? Users' perceptions of subject guides".
1217:
1169:
Oelschlegel, Sandy; Luhrs, Jennifer; Lindsay, J. Michael (2 January 2017). "Transitioning
Technologies: Pathfinders of the Future".
734:
1433:
Bagshaw, Anna; Yorke-Barber, Phil (3 December 2017). "Guiding
Librarians: Rethinking Library Guides as a Staff Development Tool".
1771:
493:
544:
1126:
Prentice, Katherine A.; Gaines, Julie K.; Levy, Linda S. (28 January 2009). "New "Starting Points" for
Resources by Subject".
491:
Reeb, Brenda; Susan Gibbons (January 2004). "Students, Librarians, and Subject Guides: Improving a Poor Rate of Return".
1209:
929:
De Sarkar, Tanmay (3 June 2022). "Access, organize and communicate: the strategic use of browser plugins in libraries".
302:
1636:
Vileno, Luigina (7 August 2007). "From paper to electronic, the evolution of pathfinders: a review of the literature".
1593:
Vileno, Luigina (7 August 2007). "From paper to electronic, the evolution of pathfinders: a review of the literature".
1396:
Vileno, Luigina (7 August 2007). "From paper to electronic, the evolution of pathfinders: a review of the literature".
1003:
Vileno, Luigina (7 August 2007). "From paper to electronic, the evolution of pathfinders: a review of the literature".
739:
Vileno, Luigina (7 August 2007). "From paper to electronic, the evolution of pathfinders: a review of the literature".
102:, the guides help library users find materials or help those unfamiliar with a discipline understand the key sources."
1772:"Creating a Student-Centered Alternative to Research Guides: Developing the Infrastructure to Support Novice Learners"
392:
Taylor, A.G., Joudrey, D.N. (2009) "The Organization of Information." 3rd Edition. Connecticut, Libraries Unlimited.
1934:
236:
220:
1809:
1233:
Del Bosque, Darcy; Morris, Sara E. (2 January 2021). "LibGuide Standards: Loose Regulations and Lax Enforcement".
257:
activity for librarians, and their creation has been used as an assessment in library studies education programs.
1532:"Recommendations Without Results: What We Learned About Our Organization Through Subject Guide Usability Studies"
816:
733:
Wang, H. and Hubbard, W.J. (2004), “Integrating electronic pathfinders in digital libraries: a model for China”,
340:
Dunsmore, Carla (2002). "A Qualitative Study of Web-Mounted Pathfinders Created by Academic Business Libraries".
99:
1573:
254:
859:
WARNER, AS 1983, 'Pathfinders: a way to boost your information handouts beyond booklists and bibliographies',
453:
Morris, Sara; Bosque, Darcy Del (15 March 2010). "Forgotten Resources: Subject Guides in the era of Web 2.0".
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72:
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1673:
Logan, Judith; Spence, Michelle (January 2021). "Content strategy in LibGuides: An exploratory study".
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Gardner, Sarah; Ostermiller, Hillary; Price, Elizabeth; Vess, David; Young, Alyssa (10 November 2021).
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Library clients can use pathfinders at their own pace, and may find them "more approachable" than a
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Pendell, Kimberly; Armstrong, Annie (3 June 2014). "Psychology guides and information literacy".
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consider essential. Maintaining and updating pathfinders is considered problematic. The use of
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199:
689:
Little, Jennifer J. (26 February 2010). "Cognitive Load Theory and Library Research Guides".
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and may now act as portals to information about resources in a variety of formats, including
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Harbeson, Eloise L. (1972). "Teaching Reference and Bibliography: The Pathfinder Approach".
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183:- referring readers to journals and magazines to browse that might have some information.
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1846:"Creating a Web research guide: collaboration between liaisons, faculty and students"
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1472:"Electronic Pathfinders in Academic Libraries: An Analysis of Their Content and Form"
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Bowen, Aaron (10 August 2012). "A LibGuides presence in a Blackboard environment".
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68:
35:
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588:"Guiding Design: Exposing Librarian and Student Mental Models of Research Guides"
586:
Sinkinson, Caroline; Alexander, Stephanie; Hicks, Alison; Kahn, Meredith (2012).
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223:. LibGuides was "ubiqutious" as of 2019, thought to be due to its ease of use.
80:
1710:
Brazzeal, Bradley (July 2006). "Research guides as library instruction tools".
538:
Stevens, Charles H.; Canfield, Marie P.; Gardner, Jeffrey J. (1 January 1973).
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Nuttall, Harry D.; McAbee, Sonja L. (19 April 1997). "Pathfinders On-Line".
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Hjørland, Birger (August 2002). "Domain analysis in information science".
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915:
888:
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Kuntz, K. (2003) Pathfinders: Helping Students Find Paths to Information.
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540:"Library Pathfinders: a New Possibility for Cooperative Reference Service"
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Paschke-Wood, Jeremiah; Dubinsky, Ellen; Sult, Leslie (21 October 2020).
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39:
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431:"Pathfinder in a Box: Crafting your own authoritative metasearch engine"
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library has to offer. Pathfinders may be printed or available online."
1329:
1297:"Student Use of Library Research Guides Following Library Instruction"
902:
Kapoun, Jim M. (21 April 1995). "Re-Thinking the Library Pathfinder".
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like alternative search plugins have been added to subject guides.
171:- lists of sources which are too long to include in the pathfinder.
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271:
64:
1206:
Using LibGuides to Enhance Library Services : A LITA Guide
1436:
Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association
1844:
Sugarman, Tammy S.; Demetracopoulos, Constance (June 2001).
1204:
Aaron W. Dobbs; Ryan L. Sittler; Douglas Cook, eds. (2013).
139:- a definition of the subject covered by the pathfinder.
132:
MIT pathfinders in the 1970s had the following format:
1043:
Thompson, Glenn J.; Stevens, Barbara R. (1 May 1985).
408:
Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science
59:, pathfinders have evolved with the emergence of the
969:
Hemmig, William (March 2005). "Online pathfinders".
643:
http://www.infotoday.com/MMSchools/may03/kuntz.shtml
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Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science
1795:Canfield, Marie P. (1972). "Library pathfinders".
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1739:Creating Inclusive and Engaging Online Courses
1045:"Library science students develop pathfinders"
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1893:Ghaphery, Jimmy; White, Erin (3 March 2012).
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8:
1895:"Library Use of Web-based Research Guides"
1810:"Using a wiki to publish a research guide"
1171:Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet
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1377:Reference & User Services Quarterly
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1301:Communications in Information Literacy
1085:Journal of Education for Librarianship
656:Journal of Education for Librarianship
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1676:The Journal of Academic Librarianship
1632:https://ils.unc.edu/MSpapers/2996.pdf
1049:College & Research Libraries News
904:College & Undergraduate Libraries
877:College & Undergraduate Libraries
786:College & Research Libraries News
691:Internet Reference Services Quarterly
7:
1899:Information Technology and Libraries
1128:Medical Reference Services Quarterly
737:, No. 3334, pp. 618-25. as cited in
98:Often used as curriculum tools for
27:Bibliographic guide to info sources
639:Multimedia & Internet Schools.
25:
1777:In the Library with the Lead Pipe
1314:10.15760/comminfolit.2013.6.2.129
781:"The user-friendly library guide"
735:Lecture Notes in Computer Science
595:Portal: Libraries and the Academy
494:Portal: Libraries and the Academy
429:Farkas, Meredith (October 2009).
187:Reviews, government sources, etc.
1808:Mason, Elisa (24 October 2008).
1476:College & Research Libraries
1081:"Library Pathfinders Come Alive"
545:College & Research Libraries
143:An introduction to this is in...
189:- other sources as appropriate.
177:- referring readers to indexes.
165:- citations for specific books.
155:- alerting readers to relevant
145:- typically an encyclopedia or
1:
1449:10.1080/24750158.2017.1410629
1247:10.1080/02763877.2020.1862022
1183:10.1080/15398285.2017.1279920
1689:10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102282
1470:Dahl, Candice (1 May 2001).
1210:American Library Association
779:Jackson, William J. (1984).
455:Technical Services Quarterly
303:Guide to information sources
18:Pathfinder (Library Science)
1747:10.4337/9781800888883.00019
253:guides may be considered a
1951:
1079:Koskiala, Sinikka (1981).
237:learning management system
221:content management systems
1886:10.1108/07378830610652095
1862:10.1108/00907320110394218
1850:Reference Services Review
1829:10.1108/07419050810946213
1724:10.1108/00907320610685319
1712:Reference Services Review
1660:10.1108/00907320710774300
1638:Reference Services Review
1617:10.1108/00907320710774300
1595:Reference Services Review
1587:10.1108/00220410210431136
1517:10.1108/00907320510597381
1505:Reference Services Review
1420:10.1108/00907320710774300
1398:Reference Services Review
1282:10.1108/00907321211254698
1270:Reference Services Review
1140:10.1080/02763860802616110
1027:10.1108/00907320710774300
1005:Reference Services Review
983:10.1108/00907320510581397
971:Reference Services Review
945:10.1108/LHTN-04-2022-0049
817:Reference Services Review
763:10.1108/00907320710774300
741:Reference Services Review
703:10.1080/10875300903530199
467:10.1080/07317130903547592
404:"Pathfinder (definition)"
124:, both in 1984 and 2014.
100:bibliographic instruction
1797:Drexel Library Quarterly
1574:Journal of Documentation
1549:10.21061/valib.v65i1.624
1328:Ouellette, Dana (2011).
830:10.1108/RSR-10-2013-0052
255:professional development
1912:10.6017/ital.v31i1.1830
1295:Mahaffy, Mardi (2013).
1235:The Reference Librarian
73:bibliographic databases
246:bibliographic database
147:specialised dictionary
38:created to help begin
1349:10.1353/ils.2011.0024
1062:10.5860/crln.46.5.224
916:10.1300/J106v02n01_10
889:10.1300/J106v04n01_10
800:10.5860/crln.45.9.468
607:10.1353/pla.2012.0008
507:10.1353/pla.2004.0020
364:10.1515/LIBR.2002.137
1817:Library Hi Tech News
1489:10.5860/crl.62.3.227
932:Library Hi Tech News
559:10.5860/crl_34_01_40
122:information literacy
308:Library instruction
45:Library of Congress
1870:Lee Eden, Bradford
1536:Virginia Libraries
862:American Libraries
435:American Libraries
298:Distance education
281:multi-disciplinary
219:, and open-source
200:Browser extensions
57:academic libraries
1935:Library resources
712:20.500.12648/2563
16:(Redirected from
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