Adherence (medicine) - Knowledge (XXG)

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healthcare options, have been useful in decreasing decisional conflict, improving transfer of diabetes treatment knowledge, and achieving greater risk perception for disease complications, their efficacy in medication adherence has been less substantial. Therefore, the risk perception and decision-making processes surrounding diabetes medication adherence are multi-faceted and complex with socioeconomic implications as well. For example, immigrant health disparities in diabetic outcomes have been associated with a lower risk perception amongst foreign-born adults in the United States compared to their native-born counterparts, which leads to fewer protective lifestyle and treatment changes crucial for combatting diabetes. Additionally, variations in patients' perceptions of time (i.e. taking rigorous, costly medication in the present for abstract beneficial future outcomes can conflict with patients' preferences for immediate versus delayed gratification) may also present severe consequences for adherence as diabetes medication often requires systematic, routine administration.

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to be protected against infection, perceived vulnerability, getting COVID-19 and trust in the government. Mobility reduction, compliance with quarantine regulations in European regions where level of trust in policymakers is high can influence whether one complies with isolation rules. In addition, perceived infectiousness of COVID-19 is a strong predictor of rule compliance such that the more contagious people think COVID-19 is, the less willing social distancing measures are taken, while the sense of duty and fear of the virus contribute to staying at home. People might not leave their homes due to trusting regulations to be effective or placing it in a higher power such that individuals who trust others demonstrate more compliance than those who do not. Compliant individuals see protective measures as effective, while non-compliant people see them as problematic.

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Kaiser Family Foundation survey in 2015, about three quarters (73%) of the public think drug prices are unreasonable and blame pharmaceutical companies for setting prices so high. In the same report, half of the public reported that they are taking prescription drugs and a "quarter (25%) of those currently taking prescription medicine report they or a family member have not filled a prescription in the past 12 months due to cost, and 18 percent report cutting pills in half or skipping doses". In a 2009 comparison to Canada, only 8% of adults reported to have skipped their doses or not filling their prescriptions due to the cost of their prescribed medications.

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or vial was accessed, or the medication removed from a blister package. The data can be read via proprietary readers, or NFC enabled devices, such as smartphones or tablets. A 2009 study stated that such devices can help improve adherence. More recently a 2016 scoping review suggested that in comparison to MEMS, median mediction adherence was grossly overestimated by 17% using self-report, by 8% using pill count and by 6% using rating as alternative methods for measuring medication adherence.

1196:, but psychotic disorders can be episodic and antipsychotics are then use prophylactically to reduce the likelihood of relapse rather than treat symptoms and in some cases individuals will have no further episodes despite not using antipsychotics. A 2006 review investigated the effects of compliance therapy for schizophrenia: and found no clear evidence to suggest that compliance therapy was beneficial for people with schizophrenia and related syndromes. 174: 450:

not recall the dose of the medication that they were prescribed and nearly two-thirds did not know what time of day to take them. A 2001 study by Barat et al. evaluated the medical knowledge and factors of adherence in a population of 75-year-olds living at home. They found that 40% of elderly patients do not know the purpose of their regimen and only 20% knew the consequences of non-adherence. Comprehension,

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wording that health care professionals take when sharing health advice may have an impact on adherence and health behaviours, however, further research is needed to understand if positive framing (e.g., the chance of surviving is improved if you go for screening) versus negative framing (e.g., the chance of dying is higher if you do not go for screening) is more effective for specific conditions.

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medication packaging, providing effective medication reminders, improving patient education, and limiting the number of medications prescribed simultaneously. Studies show a great variation in terms of characteristics and effects of interventions to improve medicine adherence. It is still unclear how adherence can consistently be improved in order to promote clinically important effects.

814:. Some results show that the use of mHealth improves adherence to medication and is cost-effective, though some reviews report mixed results. Studies show that using mHealth to improve adherence to medication is feasible and accepted by patients. Specific mobile applications might also support adherence. mHealth interventions have also been used alongside other 230:, self-directed exercises, or therapy sessions. Both patient and health-care provider affect compliance, and a positive physician-patient relationship is the most important factor in improving compliance. Access to care plays a role in patient adherence, whereby greater wait times to access care contributing to greater absenteeism. The 1204:

A longitudinal study has shown that adherence with treatment about 60%. The predictors of adherence were found to be more of psychological, communication and logistic nature rather than sociodemographic or clinical factors. The following factors were identified as independent predictors of adherence:

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Additionally, it is crucial to understand the decision-making processes that drive diabetics in their choices surrounding risks of not adhering to their medication. While patient decision aids (PtDAs), sets of tools used to help individuals engage with their clinicians in making decisions about their

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A wide variety of packaging approaches have been proposed to help patients complete prescribed treatments. These approaches include formats that increase the ease of remembering the dosage regimen as well as different labels for increasing patient understanding of directions. For example, medications

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Prescription medical claims records can be used to estimate medication adherence based on fill rate. Patients can be routinely defined as being 'Adherent Patients' if the amount of medication furnished is at least 80% based on days' supply of medication divided by the number of days patient should be

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In 2013 the US National Community Pharmacists Association sampled for one month 1,020 Americans above age 40 for with an ongoing prescription to take medication for a chronic condition and gave a grade C+ on adherence. In 2009, this contributed to an estimated cost of $ 290 billion annually. In 2012,

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Low levels of literacy and numeracy were found to be associated with socio-economic deprivation. Adults in more deprived areas, such as the North East of England, performed at a lower level than those in less deprived areas such as the South East. Local authority tenants and those in poor health were

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and not understanding treatment benefits, the occurrence of undiscussed side effects, poor treatment satisfaction, cost of prescription medicine, and poor communication or lack of trust between a patient and his or her health-care provider. Efforts to improve compliance have been aimed at simplifying

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Results of a recent (2016) systematic review found a large proportion of patients struggle to take their oral antineoplastic medications as prescribed. This presents opportunities and challenges for patient education, reviewing and documenting treatment plans, and patient monitoring, especially with

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Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS), as in the form of smart medicine bottle tops, smart pharmacy vials or smart blister packages as used in clinical trials and other applications where exact compliance data are required, work without any patient input, and record the time and date the bottle

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For medication in tablet form it is relatively straightforward to calculate the number of days' supply based on a prescription. Some medications are less straightforward though because a prescription of a given number of doses may have a variable number of days' supply because the number of doses to

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Once started, patients seldom follow treatment regimens as directed, and seldom complete the course of treatment. In respect of hypertension, 50% of patients completely drop out of care within a year of diagnosis. Persistence with first-line single antihypertensive drugs is extremely low during the

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Contextual factors along with intrapersonal circumstances such as mental states affect decisions. They can accurately predict decisions where most contextual information is identified. General compliance with recommendations to follow isolation is influenced beliefs such as taking health precaution

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In 1999 Cline et al. identified several gaps in knowledge about medication in elderly patients discharged from hospital. Despite receiving written and verbal information, 27% of older people discharged after heart failure were classed as non-adherent within 30 days. Half the patients surveyed could

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As of 2003, US health care professionals more commonly used the term "adherence" to a regimen rather than "compliance", because it has been thought to reflect better the diverse reasons for patients not following treatment directions in part or in full. Additionally, the term adherence includes the

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In 2012 it was predicted that as telemedicine technology improves, physicians will have better capabilities to remotely monitor patients in real-time and to communicate recommendations and medication adjustments using personal mobile devices, such as smartphones, rather than waiting until the next

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mainly attributed to the government's lack of negotiating lower prices with monopolies in the pharmaceutical industry especially with brand name drugs. In order to manage medication costs, many US patients on long term therapies fail to fill their prescription, skip or reduce doses. According to a

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and functional numeracy, described as: "The ability to read, write and speak in English, and to use mathematics at a level necessary to function at work and in society in general." This made it impossible for them to effectively take medication, read labels, follow drug regimes, and find out more.

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As of 2005, the preferred terminology remained a matter of debate. As of 2007, concordance has been used to refer specifically to patient adherence to a treatment regimen which the physician sets up collaboratively with the patient, to differentiate it from adherence to a physician-only prescribed

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Asthma non-compliance (28–70% worldwide) increases the risk of severe asthma attacks requiring preventable ER visits and hospitalisations; compliance issues with asthma can be caused by a variety of reasons including: difficult inhaler use, side effects of medications, and cost of the treatment.

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Not all patients will fill the prescription at a pharmacy. In a 2010 U.S. study, 20–30% of prescriptions were never filled at the pharmacy. Reasons people do not fill prescriptions include the cost of the medication, A US nationwide survey of 1,010 adults in 2001 found that 22% chose not to fill

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prescriptions because of the price, which is similar to the 20–30% overall rate of unfilled prescriptions. Other factors are doubting the need for medication, or preference for self-care measures other than medication. Convenience, side effects and lack of demonstrated benefit are also factors.

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initiative. In this context, the patient is informed about their condition and treatment options, involved in the decision as to which course of action to take, and partially responsible for monitoring and reporting back to the team. Informed intentional non-adherence is when the patient, after

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and risk assessment in managing diabetes symptoms and decision making surrounding rigorous medication regiments. Perceived control and self-efficacy not only significantly correlate with each other, but also with diabetes distress psychological symptoms and have been directly related to better

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and active listening. Health care providers should work with patients to devise a plan that is meaningful for the patient's needs. A relationship that offers trust, cooperation, and mutual responsibility can greatly improve the connection between provider and patient for a positive impact. The

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A not-for-profit organisation called the Healthcare Compliance Packaging Council of Europe] (HCPC-Europe) was set up between the pharmaceutical industry, the packaging industry with representatives of European patients organisations. The mission of HCPC-Europe is to assist and to educate the

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on the care of older people highlighted the importance of taking and effectively managing medicines in this population. However, elderly individuals may face challenges, including multiple medications with frequent dosing, and potentially decreased dexterity or cognitive functioning. Patient

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Health literacy is an important component of adherence to medications,, but given the behavior of allergists as patients, it appears that other factors are more important. Possibly, it is human nature that drives adherence to treatment irrespective of whether the patient is a physician, and

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200,000 new cases of cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK. One in three adults in the UK will develop cancer that can be life-threatening, and 120,000 people will be killed by their cancer each year. This accounts for 25% of all deaths in the UK. However while 90% of cancer pain can be

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emphasised the influence of ethnic and cultural factors on adherence. They pointed out that groups differ in their attitudes, values and beliefs about health and illness. This view could affect adherence, particularly with preventive treatments and medication for asymptomatic conditions.

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People of different ethnic backgrounds have unique adherence issues through literacy, physiology, culture or poverty. There are few published studies on adherence in medicine taking in ethnic minority communities. Ethnicity and culture influence some health-determining behaviour, such as

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first year of treatment. As far as lipid-lowering treatment is concerned, only one third of patients are compliant with at least 90% of their treatment. Intensification of patient care interventions (e.g. electronic reminders, pharmacist-led interventions, healthcare professional

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A study of the relationship of literacy to asthma knowledge revealed that 31% of asthma patients with a reading level of a ten-year-old knew they needed to see the doctors, even when they were not having an asthma attack, compared to 90% with a high school graduate reading level.

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Hajdu, Nandor; Schmidt, Kathleen; Acs, Gergely; Röer, Jan P.; Mirisola, Alberto; Giammusso, Isabella; Arriaga, Patrícia; Ribeiro, Rafael; Dubrov, Dmitrii; Grigoryev, Dmitry; Arinze, Nwadiogo C.; Voracek, Martin; Stieger, Stefan; Adamkovic, Matus; Elsherif, Mahmoud (2022-11-28).

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The World Health Organization (WHO) groups barriers to medication adherence into five categories; health care team and system-related factors, social and economic factors, condition-related factors, therapy-related factors, and patient-related factors. Common barriers include:

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Patients with diabetes are at high risk of developing coronary heart disease and usually have related conditions that make their treatment regimens even more complex, such as hypertension, obesity and depression which are also characterised by poor rates of adherence.

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medication adherence outcomes. Various external factors also impact diabetic patients' self-management behaviors including health-related knowledge/beliefs, problem-solving skills, and self-regulatory skills, which all impact perceived control over diabetic symptoms.

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Mazzaglia G, Mantovani LG, Sturkenboom MC, Filippi A, Trifirò G, Cricelli C, et al. (November 2005). "Patterns of persistence with antihypertensive medications in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in Italy: a retrospective cohort study in primary care".

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Recent studies have shown that black patients and those with non-private insurance are more likely to be labeled as non-adherent. The increased risk is observed even in patients with a controlled A1c, and after controlling for other socioeconomic factors.

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Two forms of MPR can be calculated, fixed and variable. Calculating either is relatively straightforward, for Variable MPR (VMPR) it is calculated as the number of days' supply divided by the number of elapsed days including the last prescription.

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In medicine, compliance (synonymous with adherence, capacitance) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice. Most commonly, it refers to medication or drug compliance, but it can also apply to medical device use,

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ability of the patient to take medications as prescribed by their physician with regards to the correct drug, dose, route, timing, and frequency. It has been noted that compliance may only refer to passively following orders. The term

5078: 1756:(Report). RTI International–University of North Carolina Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10056-I. AHRQ Publication No. 12-E010-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Archived from 500:

consuming the medication. This percentage is called the medication possession ratio (MPR). 2013 work has suggested that a medication possession ratio of 90% or above may be a better threshold for deeming consumption as 'Adherent'.

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Beltrán, Sourik, et al. "Associations of race, insurance, and zip code-level income with nonadherence diagnoses in primary and specialty diabetes care." The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 34.5 (2021): 891-897.

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For the Fixed MPR (FMPR) the calculation is similar but the denominator is the number of days in a year whilst the numerator is constrained to be the number of days' supply within the year that the patient has been prescribed.

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Measures of adherence may need to be modified for different ethnic or cultural groups. In some cases, it may be advisable to assess patients from a cultural perspective before making decisions about their individual treatment.

374:' have been known to be major barriers to treatment adherence. There is robust evidence that education and physical health are correlated. Poor educational attainment is a key factor in the cycle of health inequalities. 612:

be taken per day varies, for example with preventative corticosteroid inhalers prescribed for asthma where the number of inhalations to be taken daily may vary between individuals based on the severity of the disease.

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Beltrán, Sourik, Lanair A. Lett, and Peter F. Cronholm. "Nonadherence labeling in primary care: bias by race and insurance type for adults with type 2 diabetes." American journal of preventive medicine 57.5 (2019):

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Karagiannis T, Andreadis P, Manolopoulos A, Malandris K, Avgerinos I, Karagianni A, Tsapas A (May 2019). "Decision aids for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: an effectiveness rapid review and meta-analysis".

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Powles T, Eeles R, Ashley S, Easton D, Chang J, Dowsett M, et al. (July 1998). "Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention trial".

810:(DOT) (recommended by the WHO) for Tuberculosis management. Other mHealth interventions for improving adherence to medication include smartphone applications, voice recognition in interactive phone calls and 637:

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2003 that only 50% of people complete long-term therapy for chronic illnesses as they were prescribed, which puts patient health at risk. For example, in 2002

1584:"Next-generation Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines for allergic rhinitis based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and real-world evidence" 2558:

Kennedy J, Morgan S (January 2009). "Cost-related prescription nonadherence in the United States and Canada: a system-level comparison using the 2007 International Health Policy Survey in Seven Countries".

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Chan AH, Reddel HK, Apter A, Eakin M, Riekert K, Foster JM (September 2013). "Adherence monitoring and e-health: how clinicians and researchers can use technology to promote inhaler adherence for asthma".

282:, self-directed exercises, or therapy sessions. Both patient and health-care provider affect compliance, and a positive physician-patient relationship is the most important factor in improving compliance. 226:) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice. Most commonly, it refers to medication or drug compliance, but it can also apply to other situations such as medical device use, 4013:"Adherence to Long-Term Therapies - Evidence for Action: Section II - Improving adherence rates: guidance for countries: Chapter V - Towards the solution: 1. Five interacting dimensions affect adherence" 793:

As of 2019, 5.15 billion people, which equates to 67% of the global population, have a mobile device and this number is growing. Mobile phones have been used in healthcare and has fostered its own term,

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are sometimes packed with reminder systems for the day and/or time of the week to take the medicine. Some evidence shows that reminder packaging may improve clinical outcomes such as blood pressure.

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Bousquet, Jean; Schünemann, Holger J.; Togias, Akdis; Bachert, Claus; Erhola, Martina; Hellings, Peter W.; et al. (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma Working Group) (October 15, 2019).

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In children with asthma, self-management compliance is critical and co-morbidities have been noted to affect outcomes; in 2013 it has been suggested that electronic monitoring may help adherence.

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Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Gibson ES, Hackett BC, Taylor DW, Roberts RS, Johnson AL (May 1975). "Randomised clinical trial of strategies for improving medication compliance in primary hypertension".

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Smith JP, Herber OR (June 2015). "Ethical issues experienced by mental health nurses in the administration of antipsychotic depot and long-acting intramuscular injections: a qualitative study".

2184: 1403: 798:. They have also played a role in improving adherence to medication. For example, text messaging has been used to remind patients to take medication in patients with chronic conditions such as 1120:

In March 1999, the "Adherence in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study" evaluating the effect of a daily dose of Tamoxifen for five years in at-risk women aged 35–70 years was

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Prieto LR, Miller DS, Gayowski T, Marino IR (December 1997). "Multicultural issues in organ transplantation: the influence of patients' cultural perspectives on compliance with treatment".

1295:"When Exception to Policy Is Exceptional Policy: How Booking Physical Therapy Appointments Too Far in the Future May Adversely Impact Access to Care, Business Optimization, and Readiness" 5434:

Donnan PT, MacDonald TM, Morris AD (April 2002). "Adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycaemic medication in a population of patients with Type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study".

2541:"Kaiser Family Foundation: Poll Finds Nearly Three Quarters of Americans Say Prescription Drug Costs Are Unreasonable, and Most Blame Drug Makers Rather Than Insurers for the Problem" 3921:

Shrank W, Avorn J, Rolon C, Shekelle P (May 2007). "Effect of content and format of prescription drug labels on readability, understanding, and medication use: a systematic review".

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need to be taken less regularly than other forms of medication and a medical professional is involved in the administration of drugs so can increase compliance. Depot's are used for

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compliance dropped to between 25 and 40% after two years of treatment, with patients taking statins for what they perceive to be preventative reasons being unusually poor compliers.

3136:"Medication possession ratio: implications of using fixed and variable observation periods in assessing adherence with disease-modifying drugs in patients with multiple sclerosis" 509: 5379: 2435: 3774:

Sung JC, Nichol MB, Venturini F, Bailey KL, McCombs JS, Cody M (October 1998). "Factors affecting patient compliance with antihyperlipidemic medications in an HMO population".

806:. Other examples include the use of smartphones for synchronous and asynchronous Video Observed Therapy (VOT) as a replacement for the currently resource intensive standard of 2103: 926:(2002) identified evidence to show that adherence rates in cancer treatment are variable, and sometimes surprisingly poor. The following table is a summary of their findings: 650:

healthcare sector in the improvement of patient compliance through the use of packaging solutions. A variety of packaging solutions have been developed by this collaboration.

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Park DC, Hertzog C, Leventhal H, Morrell RW, Leventhal E, Birchmore D, et al. (February 1999). "Medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis patients: older is wiser".

2741:"Exploring the impact of elevated depressive symptoms on the ability of a tailored asthma intervention to improve medication adherence among urban adolescents with asthma" 1192:

A 2003 review found that 41–59% of patients prescribed antipsychotics took the medication prescribed to them infrequently or not at all. Sometimes non-adherence is due to

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Hsueh L, Peña JM, Hirsh AT, de Groot M, Stewart JC (December 2019). "Diabetes Risk Perception Among Immigrant and Racial/Ethnic Minority Adults in the United States".

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order, where failure to take medication will result in detention and involuntary administration of treatment. This can also occur if a patient is not deemed to have

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An analysis of over 100 local education authority areas found educational attainment at age 15-16 to be significantly associated with both CHD and infant mortality.

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Atherton H, Sawmynaden P, Sheikh A, Majeed A, Car J (November 2012). "Email for clinical communication between patients/caregivers and healthcare professionals".

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Bender BG, Bender SE (February 2005). "Patient-identified barriers to asthma treatment adherence: responses to interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires".

4747:"Do mobile device apps designed to support medication adherence demonstrate efficacy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, with meta-analysis" 5807:

Olfson M, Marcus SC, Wilk J, West JC (February 2006). "Awareness of illness and nonadherence to antipsychotic medications among persons with schizophrenia".

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Medication event monitoring system - a medication dispenser containing a microchip that records when the container is opened and from Partridge et al (2002)

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Educational qualifications help to determine an individual's position in the labour market, their level of income and therefore their access to resources.

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Mahtani KR, Heneghan CJ, Glasziou PP, Perera R (September 2011). "Reminder packaging for improving adherence to self-administered long-term medications".

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Viswanathan M, Golin CE, Jones CD, Ashok M, Blalock S, Wines RC, Coker-Schwimmer EJ, Grodensky CA, Rosen DL, Yuen A, Sista P, Lohr KN (September 2012).

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Dolder CR, Lacro JP, Leckband S, Jeste DV (August 2003). "Interventions to improve antipsychotic medication adherence: review of recent literature".

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Additionally, some cultures fatalistically attribute their good or poor health to their god(s), and attach less importance to self-care than others.

2338: 2192: 1411: 194: 4159:"A scoping review of studies comparing the medication event monitoring system (MEMS) with alternative methods for measuring medication adherence" 1535:"Impact of adverse drug events and treatment satisfaction on patient adherence with antihypertensive medication - a study in ambulatory patients" 408:

areas found educational attainment at 15–16 years of age to be strongly associated with coronary heart disease and subsequent infant mortality.

807: 3457:"Contextual factors predicting compliance behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning analysis on survey data from 16 countries" 2833:

Meyerowitz BE, Richardson J, Hudson S, Leedham B (January 1998). "Ethnicity and cancer outcomes: behavioral and psychosocial considerations".

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Diabetes non-compliance is 98% in US and the principal cause of complications related to diabetes including nerve damage and kidney failure.

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Kleitman, Sabina; Fullerton, Dayna J.; Zhang, Lisa M.; Blanchard, Matthew D.; Lee, Jihyun; Stankov, Lazar; Thompson, Valerie (2021-07-29).

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Watanabe JH, Bounthavong M, Chen T (March 2013). "Revisiting the medication possession ratio threshold for adherence in lipid management".

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Kesselheim AS, Avorn J, Sarpatwari A (2016). "The High Cost of Prescription Drugs in the United States: Origins and Prospects for Reform".

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Santschi V, Chiolero A, Burnier M (November 2009). "Electronic monitors of drug adherence: tools to make rational therapeutic decisions".

3571:"Moral Disengagement and Generalized Social Trust as Mediators and Moderators of Rule-Respecting Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak" 2398:

Williams MV, Baker DW, Honig EG, Lee TM, Nowlan A (October 1998). "Inadequate literacy is a barrier to asthma knowledge and self-care".

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The effectiveness of two-way email communication between health care professionals and their patients has not been adequately assessed.

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Hypertension non-compliance (93% in US, 70% in UK) is the main cause of uncontrolled hypertension-associated heart attack and stroke.

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Akl EA, Oxman AD, Herrin J, Vist GE, Terrenato I, Sperati F, et al. (December 2011). "Framing of health information messages".

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of patients) improves patient adherence rates to lipid-lowering medicines, as well as total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels.

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As a result of poor compliance, 75% of patients with a diagnosis of hypertension do not achieve optimum blood-pressure control.

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medicines are prescribed for people over retirement age, despite representing only about 20% of the UK population. The recent

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Medication Adherence Interventions: Comparative Effectiveness. Closing the Quality Gap: Revisiting the State of the Science

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Health care providers play a great role in improving adherence issues. Providers can improve patient interactions through

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Anglada-Martinez H, Riu-Viladoms G, Martin-Conde M, Rovira-Illamola M, Sotoca-Momblona JM, Codina-Jane C (January 2015).

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study estimates that only 50% of patients with chronic diseases in developed countries follow treatment recommendations.

6030: 6015: 5256:"Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study" 5079:"An international comparison of legal frameworks for supported and substitute decision-making in mental health services" 6000: 79: 72: 35: 4944:"Aripiprazole once-monthly as maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder: a 52-week, multicenter, open-label study" 4556:"The role of mHealth for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review" 2451:

Thinking Outside the Pillbox: A System-wide Approach to Improving Patient Adherence for Chronic Disease." NEHI. 2009

5528:"Psychosocial factors in medication adherence and diabetes self-management: Implications for research and practice" 3569:

Alessandri, Guido; Filosa, Lorenzo; Tisak, Marie S.; Crocetti, Elisabetta; Crea, Giuseppe; Avanzi, Lorenzo (2020).

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Courtenay WH, McCreary DR, Merighi JR (May 2002). "Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors".

2215:"Standardised assessment of patients' capacity to manage medications: a systematic review of published instruments" 1484:"Standardised assessment of patients' capacity to manage medications: a systematic review of published instruments" 1034: 442: 397:, found more than one-third of people with poor or very poor health had literary skills of Entry Level 3 or below. 177: 132: 104: 45: 290:

is often used to imply a collaborative approach to decision-making and treatment between a patient and clinician.

5995: 983: 765: 405: 307: 245: 244:

Worldwide, non-compliance is a major obstacle to the effective delivery of health care. 2003 estimates from the

4662:"Impact of mHealth chronic disease management on treatment adherence and patient outcomes: a systematic review" 4415:"International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) and Patients' Charter: New Advances in Tuberculosis Care" 4108: 319: 4610:"Impact of eHealth on medication adherence among patients with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis" 3630:"To comply or not comply? A latent profile analysis of behaviours and attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic" 543:{\displaystyle VMPR={\dfrac {\text{All days' supply}}{\text{Elapsed days (inclusive of last prescription)}}}} 830: 298: 31: 5991: 4454:

Ngwatu BK, Nsengiyumva NP, Oxlade O, Mappin-Kasirer B, Nguyen NL, Jaramillo E, et al. (January 2018).

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Stefanacci RG, Guerin S (January 2013). "Why medication adherence matters to patients, payers, providers".

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Ngoh LN (2009). "Health literacy: a barrier to pharmacist-patient communication and medication adherence".

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In 2003, 20% of adults in the UK had a long-standing illness or disability and a national study for the UK

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El Alili, Mohamed; Vrijens, Bernard; Demonceau, Jenny; Evers, Silvia M.; Hiligsmann, Mickael (July 2016).

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Nieuwlaat R, Wilczynski N, Navarro T, Hobson N, Jeffery R, Keepanasseril A, et al. (November 2014).

264:. Major barriers to compliance are thought to include the complexity of modern medication regimens, poor 5373: 4505:"Expert Involvement and Adherence to Medical Evidence in Medical Mobile Phone Apps: A Systematic Review" 2357: 1908: 1233: 862: 854: 386: 385:

In 1999 one fifth of UK adults, nearly seven million people, had problems with basic skills, especially

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Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Redmond CK, Kavanah M, Cronin WM, et al. (September 1998).

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Hansen LB, Saseen JJ (February 2004). "New contraceptive options: patient adherence and satisfaction".

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Berhe DF, Taxis K, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Mulugeta A, Mengistu YT, Burgerhof JG, Mol PG (September 2017).

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increase in patient medication cost share was found to be associated with low adherence to medication.

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An estimated half of those for whom treatment regimens are prescribed do not follow them as directed.

3641: 3468: 3239: 2358:"The skills for life survey. A national needs and impact survey of literacy, numeracy and ICT skills" 1003: 394: 1147:

Among patients with Type 2 Diabetes, adherence was found in less than one third of those prescribed

4250: 249: 2739:

Guglani L, Havstad SL, Ownby DR, Saltzgaber J, Johnson DA, Johnson CC, Joseph CL (November 2013).

454:, living arrangement, multiple doctors, and use of compliance aids was correlated with adherence. 5971: 5942:"Multilevel factors predict medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-month cohort study" 5873: 5842:

Murray RM, Quattrone D, Natesan S, van Os J, Nordentoft M, Howes O, et al. (November 2016).

5789: 5746: 5703: 5654: 5601: 5459: 5326: 5236: 5116: 5057: 4727: 4639: 4346: 3946: 3756: 3202: 3116: 2815: 2672: 2321: 1954: 1730: 1631: 1464: 241:, which is the process by which a patient and clinician make decisions together about treatment. 1293:

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5844:"Should psychiatrists be more cautious about the long-term prophylactic use of antipsychotics?" 898:

effectively treated, only 40% of patients adhere to their medicines due to poor understanding.

6025: 5963: 5922: 5865: 5824: 5781: 5738: 5695: 5646: 5593: 5557: 5508: 5451: 5416: 5361: 5318: 5277: 5228: 5192: 5151: 5108: 5045: 5035: 5010: 4975: 4924: 4875: 4848: 4776: 4693: 4631: 4585: 4536: 4485: 4436: 4395: 4338: 4297: 4276:"Mobile Telephone Text Messaging for Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease: A Meta-analysis" 4231: 4196: 4178: 4139: 4081: 4050: 3982: 3938: 3903: 3860: 3832: 3783: 3748: 3712: 3677: 3659: 3610: 3592: 3551: 3543: 3504: 3486: 3426: 3387: 3369: 3330: 3312: 3273: 3255: 3167: 3108: 3073: 3024: 2952: 2877: 2850: 2807: 2772: 2721: 2664: 2643:"Non-compliance and knowledge of prescribed medication in elderly patients with heart failure" 2576: 2519: 2484: 2415: 2313: 2246: 2166: 2052: 2003: 1946: 1890: 1841: 1722: 1687: 1623: 1615: 1564: 1515: 1456: 1316: 1273: 53: 3882:"Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes" 2995:"Factors associated with first-fill adherence rates for diabetic medications: a cohort study" 1757: 306:

treatment regimen. Despite the ongoing debate, adherence has been the preferred term for the

5953: 5912: 5904: 5855: 5816: 5773: 5730: 5685: 5636: 5628: 5585: 5547: 5539: 5498: 5490: 5443: 5406: 5353: 5308: 5267: 5220: 5182: 5143: 5098: 5090: 5002: 4965: 4955: 4914: 4906: 4840: 4810: 4766: 4758: 4719: 4683: 4673: 4621: 4575: 4567: 4526: 4516: 4475: 4467: 4426: 4385: 4377: 4328: 4287: 4223: 4186: 4170: 4131: 4073: 3974: 3930: 3893: 3822: 3814: 3740: 3704: 3667: 3649: 3600: 3582: 3535: 3522:

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2842: 2799: 2762: 2752: 2711: 2703: 2654: 2607: 2568: 2511: 2474: 2407: 2303: 2295: 2236: 2226: 2156: 2146: 2042: 2034: 1993: 1985: 1938: 1880: 1872: 1831: 1823: 1810:

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1787: 1714: 1677: 1669: 1605: 1595: 1554: 1546: 1505: 1495: 1448: 1306: 1180:

In 1975, only about 50% took at least 80% of their prescribed anti-hypertensive medications.

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follow treatment recommendations with particularly low rates of adherence to therapies for

5479:"Distress and type 2 diabetes-treatment adherence: A mediating role for perceived control" 5395:"Depression and diabetes: impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs" 4895:"The role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a critical appraisal" 4554:

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to involve a patient in the treatment process to improve compliance, and refers to a 2003

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interventions such as wearable wireless pill sensors, smart pillboxes and smart inhalers

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Cost and poor understanding of the directions for the treatment, referred to as '

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participation in screening programmes and attendance at follow-up appointments.

137: 30:

This article is about following medical advice. For the physiological term, see

5094: 4844: 4626: 4609: 4317:"Does mHealth increase adherence to medication? Results of a systematic review" 3365: 2909: 2896: 2846: 1600: 1583: 5860: 5843: 5272: 5255: 5147: 4960: 3422: 3251: 3010: 2938: 815: 5820: 5632: 5049: 4910: 4571: 4440: 4182: 3695:

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Other aspects that drive medicine adherence rates is the idea of perceived

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5029: 4503:

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4381: 2881: 2854: 2419: 2317: 2308: 437:

The elderly often have multiple health conditions, and around half of all

248:

indicated that only about 50% of patients with chronic diseases living in

5357: 4521: 3716: 3059: 1942: 1909:"Therapeutics Initiative | [132] Rethinking Medication Adherence" 1641:

behavioral science is an important need to be considered in medical care.

1610: 979: 302:

understanding the risks and benefits, chooses not to take the treatment.

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4333: 4316: 3539: 3187:"Extending the Choice Architecture Toolbox: The Choice Context Mapping" 3152: 2612: 2595: 2151: 909:

The poor quality of information available to them about their treatment

795: 5641: 5589: 5006: 4678: 4174: 3934: 1718: 1550: 1116:

29% in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project of 1998

1105:

as a preventative agent have shown dropout rates of around one-third:

905:

The reasons for non-adherence have been given by patients as follows:

602:{\displaystyle FMPR={\dfrac {{\text{All days' supply}}\leq 365}{365}}} 5543: 4893:

Brissos S, Veguilla MR, Taylor D, Balanzá-Martinez V (October 2014).

3523: 3293:"Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19" 799: 639: 253: 4366:"The new Stop TB Strategy and the Global Plan to Stop TB, 2006-2015" 1972:

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A lack of knowledge as to how to raise concerns whilst on medication

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to ensure compliance. This can occur if an individual has been

3186: 882: 362:

Negative side effects of a medicine can influence adherence.

5891:

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4251:"1 Billion More Phones Than People In The World! BankMyCell" 1974:"Concordance is not synonymous with compliance or adherence" 5526:

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4833:

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The United States is among the countries with the highest

1155:. Patients taking both drugs achieve only 13% adherence. 5940:

Balsa A, García de Yébenes MJ, Carmona L (March 2022).

5477:

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3134:

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2606:(1) (12th ed.). London: Department of Health: 38. 5171:"Adherence to therapy with oral antineoplastic agents" 2433:

New Report Card on Medication Use Gives Americans a C+

2356:

Williams J, Clemens S, Oleinikova K, Tarvin K (2003).

5393:

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5169:

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4101:"Patient compliance: technology tools for physicians" 3853:

Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action

1266:

Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action

578: 561: 529: 512: 3354:

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

27:

Descriptor of patient compliance with medical advice

3291:Bargain, Olivier; Aminjonov, Ulugbek (2020-12-01). 1780:

Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis

1215:

having received information on treatment adaptation

902:the increase in patient cancer treatments at home. 4745:Armitage LC, Kassavou A, Sutton S (January 2020). 1658:"Interventions for enhancing medication adherence" 601: 542: 5378:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4000:Healthcare Compliance Packaging Council of Europe 2102:Office of Behavior and Social Sciences Research. 3185:Hajdu, Nandor; Szaszi, Barnabas; Aczel, Balazs. 2972:"Many patients may not fill their prescriptions" 2690:Barat I, Andreasen F, Damsgaard EM (June 2001). 5136:Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 1441:Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 654:World Health Organization Barriers to Adherence 446:knowledge is a concern that has been observed. 5674:"Medication Adherence: Truth and Consequences" 4995:International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 4797:Aldeer M, Javanmard M, Martin RP (June 2018). 2630:. London: UK Office of Health Economics. 2000. 2360:. London: Department for Education and Skills. 2596:"National Service Framework for Older People" 2535: 2533: 535:Elapsed days (inclusive of last prescription) 195: 8: 5678:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 2910:https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.05.200639 2897:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.06.005 5897:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5083:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 4216:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4070:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3971:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3807:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1662:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 971:Taking less than 90% of prescribed medicine 918:Issues about remembering to take medication 5297:"Drop-outs in tamoxifen prevention trials" 5062:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4948:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 4899:Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 4321:International Journal of Clinical Practice 2288:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1588:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 401:particularly likely to lack basic skills. 324:United States National Library of Medicine 293:The term concordance has been used in the 202: 188: 40: 5957: 5916: 5859: 5689: 5640: 5551: 5502: 5410: 5312: 5271: 5186: 5102: 5028:Molodynski A, Rugkåsa J, Burns T (2016). 4969: 4959: 4918: 4814: 4770: 4687: 4677: 4625: 4579: 4530: 4520: 4479: 4430: 4389: 4370:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 4332: 4291: 4190: 3897: 3880:Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M, Tu JV (2002). 3826: 3671: 3653: 3604: 3586: 3498: 3480: 3438: 3381: 3324: 3267: 3161: 3151: 3067: 3018: 2946: 2766: 2756: 2715: 2658: 2611: 2478: 2307: 2240: 2230: 2160: 2150: 2139:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2046: 1997: 1884: 1835: 1791: 1681: 1609: 1599: 1558: 1509: 1499: 1310: 581: 577: 560: 528: 511: 342:are distinguished under the MeSH tree of 5260:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 5175:Journal of the National Cancer Institute 4163:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2745:Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology 2696:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2027:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1978:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1539:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1334: 1332: 1330: 928: 661: 1244: 1113:Tamoxifen Chemoprevention Study of 1998 145: 112: 59: 52: 5893:"Compliance therapy for schizophrenia" 5766:Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 5371: 5055: 4792: 4790: 4655: 4653: 4603: 4601: 4599: 2351: 2349: 2347: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3859:. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 3411:Canadian Journal of Political Science 2213:Elliott RA, Marriott JL (July 2009). 1805: 1803: 1651: 1649: 1482:Elliott RA, Marriott JL (July 2009). 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1272:. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 1218:clinician perception of patient trust 955:Serum levels below expected threshold 713:Availability of Effective Treatments 681:Inadequate Access to Health Services 326:defines various terms with the words 7: 5346:Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 4666:Journal of Medical Internet Research 3776:The American Journal of Managed Care 3093:Current Medical Research and Opinion 2999:Journal of General Internal Medicine 2927:Journal of General Internal Medicine 2023:"Compliance, concordance, adherence" 1859:Marinker M, Shaw J (February 2003). 1774:Nizar R, Elham AJ, Hasan AA (2013). 1345:. Harris Interactive. Archived from 1931:The New England Journal of Medicine 1012:More than one missed dose per month 673:Poor Patient-provider Relationship 5778:10.1097/01.jcp.0000085413.08426.41 5295:Cuzick J, Edwards R (March 1999). 3850:World Health Organization (2003). 3745:10.1097/01.hjh.0000186832.41125.8a 2300:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb04575.x 1990:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02971_1.x 1263:World Health Organization (2003). 1082:Level of drug metabolites in blood 1068:Level of drug metabolites in blood 745:Inadequate Knowledge of Treatment 344:Treatment Adherence and Compliance 25: 5848:The British Journal of Psychiatry 4130:(11): 2294–5, author reply 2295. 2647:European Journal of Heart Failure 1054:Level of drug metabolite in urine 5992:Adherence to long-term therapies 5946:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 5448:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00689.x 4460:The European Respiratory Journal 3140:Patient Preference and Adherence 3048:American Journal of Hypertension 2708:10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01401.x 2039:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02893.x 1984:(5): 710–1, author reply 711–3. 1209:the type of treatment prescribed 721:Immediacy of Beneficial Effects 318:Adherence Research Network. The 312:American Pharmacists Association 237:Compliance can be confused with 173: 172: 5959:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221163 4293:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7667 2628:Compendium of Health Statistics 2573:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.01.006 1828:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0405 915:Concerns about unwanted effects 404:A 2002 analysis of over 100 UK 232:cost of prescription medication 5909:10.1002/14651858.CD003442.pub2 4228:10.1002/14651858.CD007978.pub2 4078:10.1002/14651858.CD006777.pub2 3979:10.1002/14651858.CD005025.pub3 3819:10.1002/14651858.CD004371.pub4 2191:. October 2004. Archived from 1674:10.1002/14651858.CD000011.pub4 1410:. October 2004. Archived from 869:to consent to treatment in an 1: 5735:10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92192-3 5399:Archives of Internal Medicine 5314:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75043-1 5225:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)85012-5 4043:Managed Care (Langhorne, Pa.) 3923:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 3697:Social Science & Medicine 3309:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104316 2660:10.1016/S1388-9842(99)00014-8 2442:Pharmacy Times. JUNE 25, 2013 2108:National Institutes of Health 1861:"Not to be taken as directed" 1707:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1009:Self-report and parent report 877:Health and disease management 760:Role of health care providers 316:National Institutes of Health 5412:10.1001/archinte.160.21.3278 4432:10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5651 4136:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328332a501 3709:10.1016/0037-7856(77)90044-0 3655:10.1371/journal.pone.0255268 3482:10.1371/journal.pone.0276970 3105:10.1185/03007995.2013.766164 2792:Journal of Health Psychology 2104:"Adherence Research Network" 1594:(1). Elsevier BV: 70–80.e3. 1020:Lymphoma, other malignancies 988:Level of drug metabolite in 684:Health Care Team and System 676:Health Care Team and System 426:prices of prescription drugs 5691:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.010 4763:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032045 4472:10.1183/13993003.01596-2017 3297:Journal of Public Economics 2804:10.1177/1359105302007003216 1793:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2013.07.010 1447:(5): e132-46, quiz e147-9. 1101:In 1998, trials evaluating 946:Haematological malignancies 938:Definition of non-Adherence 737:Stigma Surrounding Disease 495:Medication Possession Ratio 80:Doctor-patient relationship 6047: 5095:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.029 4845:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.06.015 4627:10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.011 4364:Raviglione MC (May 2007). 3366:10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5 2847:10.1037/0033-2909.123.1.47 1601:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.049 1035:acute lymphocytic leukemia 853:Sometimes drugs are given 705:Level of Symptom Severity 443:National Service Framework 105:Social model of disability 29: 5996:World Health Organization 5861:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182683 5532:The American Psychologist 5148:10.1016/j.iac.2004.09.005 4961:10.1186/s40345-018-0122-z 4868:American Family Physician 4803:Applied System Innovation 4413:Bhandari R (2018-07-22). 3423:10.1017/S0008423920000554 3252:10.1016/j.glt.2020.06.003 3011:10.1007/s11606-008-0870-z 2939:10.1007/s11606-010-1253-9 2594:Jolley D (January 2003). 2189:APA Highlights Newsletter 2021:Aronson JK (April 2007). 1408:APA Highlights Newsletter 1085:Level lower than expected 1071:Level lower than expected 1057:Level lower than expected 1043:Level lower than expected 994:Level lower than expected 837:medication used to treat 808:Directly Observed Therapy 766:motivational interviewing 755:Improving adherence rates 406:local education authority 308:World Health Organization 246:World Health Organization 234:also plays a major role. 5821:10.1176/appi.ps.57.2.205 5633:10.1177/0145721719873640 4911:10.1177/2045125314540297 4509:JMIR mHealth and uHealth 3588:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02102 2870:Clinical Transplantation 2545:Kaiser Family Foundation 2412:10.1378/chest.114.4.1008 1877:10.1136/bmj.326.7385.348 1453:10.1331/JAPhA.2009.07075 935:Measure of non-Adherence 320:Medical Subject Headings 5360:(inactive 2024-09-12). 5273:10.1093/jnci/90.18.1371 4249:Turner A (2018-07-10). 4124:Journal of Hypertension 3733:Journal of Hypertension 3575:Frontiers in Psychology 2516:10.1001/jama.2016.11237 1754:Evidence Report No. 208 861:or are subjected to an 859:involuntarily committed 831:oral contraceptive pill 486:Prescription fill rates 32:Compliance (physiology) 4572:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw018 4280:JAMA Internal Medicine 3899:10.1001/jama.288.4.462 2835:Psychological Bulletin 2758:10.1186/1710-1492-9-45 2232:10.1186/1471-2318-9-27 1501:10.1186/1471-2318-9-27 1212:agreement on treatment 984:non Hodgkin's lymphoma 941:Rate of Non-Adherence 603: 544: 85:Shared decision making 34:. For other uses, see 6021:Clinical pharmacology 5621:The Diabetes Educator 5188:10.1093/jnci/94.9.652 4382:10.2471/blt.06.038513 3528:American Psychologist 3199:10.31234/osf.io/cbrwt 2561:Clinical Therapeutics 1312:10.1093/milmed/usz287 1234:Patient participation 949:Serum levels of drug 863:outpatient commitment 689:High Medication Cost 604: 545: 5994:, a report from the 5809:Psychiatric Services 5358:10.1053/SCNP00200015 4614:Respiratory Medicine 4522:10.2196/mhealth.4169 3060:10.1038/ajh.2008.367 2600:Psychiatric Bulletin 2339:Moser Report Summary 1943:10.1056/NEJMra050100 1305:(Suppl 1): 565–570. 1200:Rheumatoid arthritis 1130:74% after four years 700:Social and Economic 692:Social and Economic 559: 510: 395:Department of Health 340:Medication Adherence 6031:Health care quality 6016:Medical terminology 5729:(7918): 1205–1207. 4874:(4): 811–2, 815–6. 4724:10.3310/alert_40365 4105:Physicians Practice 4099:Torrieri M (2012). 4002:www.hcpc-europe.org 3646:2021PLoSO..1655268K 3473:2022PLoSO..1776970H 3244:2020GloT....2...76C 1127:83% after two years 1033:Hodgkin's disease, 822:Forms of medication 387:functional literacy 250:developed countries 5495:10.1037/hea0000131 4816:10.3390/asi1020014 4334:10.1111/ijcp.12582 3703:(11–13): 619–624. 3540:10.1037/amp0000717 3232:Global Transitions 3153:10.2147/PPA.S40736 2613:10.1192/pb.27.1.38 2438:2017-12-28 at the 2152:10.2147/tcrm.s1458 1352:on January 3, 2010 1124:90% after one year 1040:Biological markers 616:Contextual factors 599: 597: 540: 538: 336:Patient Compliance 216:patient compliance 18:Patient compliance 5590:10.1111/dme.13939 5578:Diabetic Medicine 5483:Health Psychology 5436:Diabetic Medicine 5405:(21): 3278–3285. 5266:(18): 1371–1388. 5041:978-0-19-103431-2 5007:10.1111/inm.12105 4679:10.2196/jmir.3951 4175:10.1111/bcp.12942 3935:10.1345/aph.1H582 3866:978-92-4-154599-0 3782:(10): 1421–1430. 3739:(11): 2093–2100. 2970:Norton M (2010). 1871:(7385): 348–349. 1719:10.1345/aph.1D207 1551:10.1111/bcp.13312 1299:Military Medicine 1279:978-92-4-154599-0 1092: 1091: 1004:Hodgkin's disease 752: 751: 697:Cultural Beliefs 625:Course completion 596: 584: 537: 536: 533: 350:Adherence factors 212: 211: 54:Medical sociology 16:(Redirected from 6038: 5980: 5979: 5961: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5920: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5863: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5693: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5644: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5555: 5544:10.1037/a0040388 5523: 5517: 5516: 5506: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5414: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5377: 5369: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5316: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5275: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5219:(9122): 98–101. 5207: 5201: 5200: 5190: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5106: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5061: 5053: 5025: 5019: 5018: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4973: 4963: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4681: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4629: 4605: 4594: 4593: 4583: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4534: 4524: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4483: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4434: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4393: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4336: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4295: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4194: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4107:. Archived from 4096: 4090: 4089: 4072:(12): CD006777. 4065: 4059: 4058: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4023:on March 7, 2012 4019:. Archived from 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3966: 3955: 3954: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3901: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3858: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3830: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3675: 3657: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3608: 3590: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3502: 3484: 3467:(11): e0276970. 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3385: 3360:(5): 1875–1888. 3345: 3339: 3338: 3328: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3271: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3213: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3165: 3155: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3071: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3022: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2974:. 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5666: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5370: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5054: 5042: 5027: 5026: 5022: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4796: 4795: 4788: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4659: 4658: 4651: 4607: 4606: 4597: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4419:Health Prospect 4412: 4411: 4407: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4026: 4024: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3973:(9): CD005025. 3968: 3967: 3958: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3856: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3813:(3): CD004371. 3800: 3799: 3795: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3640:(7): e0255268. 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2444: 2425: 2390: 2363: 2343: 2331: 2309:2027.42/111192 2294:(2): 172–183. 2278: 2267: 2256: 2219:BMC Geriatrics 2205: 2176: 2145:(1): 269–286. 2125: 2094: 2062: 2033:(4): 383–384. 2013: 1964: 1937:(5): 487–497. 1921: 1900: 1851: 1822:(3): 354–376. 1816:The Oncologist 1799: 1786:(3): 371–376. 1763: 1760:on 2017-01-06. 1740: 1713:(1): 161–162. 1697: 1645: 1574: 1525: 1488:BMC Geriatrics 1474: 1424: 1388: 1363: 1326: 1285: 1278: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1201: 1198: 1189: 1188:Mental illness 1186: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1173: 1170: 1157: 1156: 1149:sulphonylureas 1145: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1099: 1098: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023:Serum bioassay 1021: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 999: 998: 995: 992: 986: 976: 975: 972: 969: 966: 960: 959: 956: 953: 947: 943: 942: 939: 936: 933: 932:Type of Cancer 920: 919: 916: 913: 910: 894: 891: 878: 875: 850: 847: 823: 820: 790: 787: 778:office visit. 774: 771: 761: 758: 756: 753: 750: 749: 746: 742: 741: 738: 734: 733: 730: 726: 725: 722: 718: 717: 714: 710: 709: 706: 702: 701: 698: 694: 693: 690: 686: 685: 682: 678: 677: 674: 670: 669: 666: 655: 652: 626: 623: 617: 614: 595: 591: 588: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 496: 493: 487: 484: 462: 459: 434: 431: 417: 416:Treatment cost 414: 382: 379: 367: 364: 359: 356: 351: 348: 295:United Kingdom 274: 271: 210: 209: 207: 206: 199: 192: 184: 181: 180: 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 156: 148: 147: 146:Related topics 143: 142: 141: 140: 135: 130: 128:Eliot Freidson 125: 117: 116: 110: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 76: 75: 68:Medicalization 62: 61: 57: 56: 50: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6043: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5936: 5933: 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5203: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5024: 5021: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4716:NIHR Evidence 4713: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4267: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4034: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3862: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2989: 2986: 2973: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2686: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2279: 2271: 2268: 2260: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2195:on 2011-06-15 2194: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2129: 2126: 2114:on 2010-05-02 2113: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2095: 2084:on 2010-05-28 2080: 2073: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1922: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1701: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1611:10400.17/3723 1607: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1414:on 2011-06-15 1413: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1378:on 2007-04-27 1377: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1348: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1187: 1185: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1161:self-efficacy 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1111:Royal Marsden 1108: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1026:Not described 1025: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1001: 1000: 996: 993: 991: 987: 985: 981: 978: 977: 973: 970: 967: 965: 964:Breast cancer 962: 961: 957: 954: 952: 948: 945: 944: 940: 937: 934: 931: 930: 927: 925: 917: 914: 911: 908: 907: 906: 903: 899: 892: 890: 886: 884: 876: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 855:involuntarily 848: 846: 844: 840: 839:schizophrenia 836: 835:antipsychotic 832: 828: 821: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 789:Mobile phones 788: 786: 783: 779: 772: 770: 767: 759: 754: 747: 744: 743: 739: 736: 735: 731: 729:Side Effects 728: 727: 723: 720: 719: 715: 712: 711: 707: 704: 703: 699: 696: 695: 691: 688: 687: 683: 680: 679: 675: 672: 671: 667: 664: 663: 660: 653: 651: 647: 643: 641: 635: 624: 622: 615: 613: 609: 593: 589: 586: 574: 571: 568: 565: 562: 554: 550: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 505: 501: 494: 492: 485: 483: 479: 475: 472: 467: 460: 458: 455: 453: 447: 444: 440: 432: 430: 427: 422: 415: 413: 409: 407: 402: 398: 396: 391: 388: 380: 378: 375: 373: 365: 363: 357: 355: 349: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 303: 300: 296: 291: 289: 283: 281: 272: 270: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 242: 240: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 214:In medicine, 205: 200: 198: 193: 191: 186: 185: 183: 182: 179: 171: 170: 165: 164:Public health 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149: 144: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 119: 118: 115: 111: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 74: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 64: 63: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5374:cite journal 5352:(1): 15–23. 5349: 5345: 5339: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5263: 5259: 5249: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5030: 5023: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4806: 4802: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4715: 4706: 4669: 4665: 4617: 4613: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4422: 4418: 4408: 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Retrieved 1347:the original 1302: 1298: 1288: 1265: 1203: 1191: 1183: 1172:Hypertension 1166: 1158: 1138: 1119: 1100: 1095: 923: 921: 904: 900: 896: 887: 880: 852: 825: 812:Telepharmacy 804:hypertension 792: 784: 780: 776: 763: 657: 648: 644: 636: 628: 619: 610: 555: 551: 506: 502: 498: 489: 480: 476: 470: 468: 464: 456: 452:polypharmacy 448: 436: 423: 419: 410: 403: 399: 392: 384: 376: 369: 361: 358:Side effects 353: 304: 292: 287: 284: 276: 262:hypertension 243: 238: 236: 223: 219: 215: 213: 133:Peter Conrad 114:Sociologists 99: 73:of sexuality 5104:10379/11074 4327:(1): 9–32. 4049:(1): 37–9. 3146:: 509–516. 1109:36% in the 968:Self-report 951:metabolites 273:Terminology 239:concordance 224:capacitance 138:Ivan Illich 6010:Categories 5642:1805/24928 5034:. Oxford. 4672:(2): e52. 4515:(3): e79. 4376:(5): 327. 4260:2019-12-04 4255:BankMyCell 4027:2018-03-23 3303:: 104316. 3212:2022-12-01 2199:2018-10-02 2088:2010-05-12 1418:2018-10-02 1382:2011-12-31 1240:References 1002:Leukemia, 922:Partridge 816:telehealth 773:Technology 716:Condition 708:Condition 332:compliance 36:Compliance 5976:244730262 5659:202828669 5089:: 30–40. 5058:cite book 5050:953456448 4954:(1): 14. 4809:(2): 14. 4732:240805696 4620:: 59–68. 4441:2091-203X 4425:: 43–45. 4183:0306-5251 3664:1932-6203 3597:1664-1078 3548:1935-990X 3491:1932-6203 3431:0008-4239 3374:1557-1882 3317:0047-2727 3260:2589-7918 3238:: 76–82. 3207:236803979 3121:206967136 2751:(1): 45. 2467:P & T 1636:204786988 1620:0091-6749 1153:metformin 1103:Tamoxifen 668:Category 632:education 587:≤ 461:Ethnicity 328:adherence 288:adherence 280:self care 228:self care 220:adherence 154:Sociology 100:Adherence 90:Sick role 6026:Pharmacy 5968:34844924 5927:16856009 5870:27802977 5829:16452697 5786:12920416 5751:30096333 5700:27079345 5651:31725364 5606:73478533 5598:30791131 5562:27690483 5513:25110840 5464:25425866 5456:11942998 5421:11088090 5366:10320439 5331:34484166 5323:10094016 5241:25710954 5197:11983753 5156:15579367 5113:26318975 5015:25394562 4980:29886522 4929:25360245 4880:14989570 4853:24565615 4781:32005778 4751:BMJ Open 4698:25803266 4644:73479465 4636:30803887 4590:29474713 4541:26215371 4490:29326332 4400:17639210 4343:25472682 4302:26831740 4236:23152249 4201:27005306 4144:20724871 4086:22161408 4055:23373139 3987:21901694 3951:25171756 3943:17426075 3908:12132976 3837:28000212 3788:10338735 3761:26366054 3753:16208153 3682:34324567 3634:PLOS ONE 3615:32973632 3581:: 2102. 3556:32772540 3509:36441720 3461:PLOS ONE 3392:32346359 3335:33162621 3278:32835202 3191:PsyArXiv 3172:23807840 3113:23320610 3078:19180061 3029:19093157 2957:20131023 2895:652-658. 2820:41828950 2812:22114246 2777:24479403 2726:11422022 2677:32043403 2669:10937924 2581:19243719 2524:27552619 2489:22346336 2436:Archived 2326:25724467 2251:19594913 2171:18728716 2057:17378797 2008:17875196 1959:36218142 1951:16079372 1895:12586645 1846:26921292 1735:44291441 1727:14742813 1692:25412402 1628:31627910 1569:28429533 1520:19594913 1469:22522485 1461:19748861 1321:32074310 1223:See also 1135:Diabetes 980:Leukemia 871:informed 849:Coercion 748:Patient 740:Patient 732:Therapy 724:Therapy 665:Barrier 381:Literacy 258:diabetes 178:Category 60:Concepts 46:a series 44:Part of 5918:7017223 5878:3402263 5794:8303124 5708:2242558 5553:5792162 5504:4324372 5282:9747868 5233:9672274 5121:6564501 4971:6162003 4920:4212490 4772:7045248 4689:4376208 4581:5862021 4532:4705370 4481:5764088 4391:2636638 4351:9259305 4192:4917812 3828:4163627 3673:8321369 3642:Bibcode 3606:7481453 3500:9704675 3469:Bibcode 3440:7330279 3383:7185265 3326:7598751 3269:7318969 3240:Bibcode 3163:3685450 3069:2693322 3020:2629003 2978:May 12, 2948:2842539 2882:9408680 2855:9461853 2768:3832221 2717:2014493 2480:3278192 2420:9792569 2318:9988288 2242:2719637 2162:2503662 2106:. 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