327:
the bars for two more days. Even though they succeeded in enlargening the opening so that
Ssekalo could get through, it remained too small for Okech. At 2am on 23 September 1977, the group tried a final time to push him through, but in vain. After some discussion, Okech agreed to remain behind, despite knowing that he would most probably die. His ultimate fate remains unclear, but he was never seen again. Kimumwe and the other six prisoners managed to get into the open, and began to carefully crawl around, hoping to find some way to leave the SRB compound. Their way was blocked by barbed fences and security dogs. However, the group was aided by the fact that the guards were not very attentive, and they eventually managed to sneak across the compound and through a lightly guarded gate onto a nearby road. The group then split up and initially went into hiding in
294:. He was put into the facility's Cell 2 with six other ULM members, namely Lieutenant Sylvester Mutumba, Lieutenant Boswal Nambale, Officer Cadet Nicodemus Kassujja, Warrant Officer Eddie Sendaula, Warrant Officer Christopher Ssekalo, and Warrant Officer John Okech. They were regarded as the "ringleaders" of the attempted coup by the security forces. Kassujja was initially in a bad condition, as he had been shot during Operation Mafuta Mingi and his leg had been amputated. He had only been allowed a few days of rest before being dumped into the cell without painkillers. The soldiers shared the cell with other individuals who had not been involved in the coup attempt, but were suspected of other anti-Amin activities. In general, Cell 2 was windowless, overcrowded, dirty, full of rubbish, and infested by rats.
298:
subjected to repeated torture, and forced to constantly wear handcuffs. However, Kassujja was able to find a small piece of metal among the cell's rubbish, and fashioned it into a lockpick. As a result, the group was able to get off their handcuffs whenever the prison guards were not present. On 9 September 1977, twelve other prisoners were taken from Cell 2, and publicly shot for their alleged support of
Operation Mafuta Mingi. At this point, only the seven ULM members and Wycliff Kato, the former director of civil aviation in Uganda, were left at Cell 2. The prison guards informed the remaining prisoners at Cell 2 that they would soon be used for "live
306:
ventilation system. The ventilators were protected by metal bars, and contained hard wire gauze as well as slanting pieces of glass. The group began to work on one ventilator, using the scrap in their cell to create tools with which they could silently cut the wire gauze and remove the glass, succeeding in this by 11 September. Afterwards, they had to bend the bars. To do so, they fashioned crowbars and a hacksaw from the rubbish. In this, the group was mainly led and organized by
Ssekalo.
310:
and
Mutumba later commented that "like it or not, we had signed our own death warrants", as the motives were quite critical of Amin's rule. On 20 September, the four were again removed from their cell and transported to one of President Amin's residences, where Faruk informed them that their behavior might decide whether they would be spared or executed. The meeting with the President was accompanied and documented by a reporter of the
314:. Amin accused the four conspirators of ungratefulness, pointing out that he had personally promoted them and provided them with various rewards. Kimumwe stayed silent, but Kassujja exclaimed that the President would have died if not for a traitor in the ULM's ranks. Amin threatened that they would face a military tribunal soon, and if found guilty, blown up by the same
331:, finding refuge with sympathizers. After spreading false rumours about already having fled into exile, Kimumwe and his comrades gradually made their way to Kenya in secret. Following their escape, the SRB launched new purges and ordered the arrest as well as murder of several people who were suspected of connections to Operation Mafuta Mingi.
282:, Uganda's intelligence agency. The operation consequently derailed, and Amin survived an attack by ULM members with light injuries. Even though some conspirators, including Wilson Kimumwe, were subsequently able to escape into exile, many ULM members were captured by the security forces. Patrick Kimumwe was arrested by the SRB.
305:
Knowing that their executions were not far off, the Cell 2 inmates started to think about an escape plan. Ideas about seizing keys from the guards or creating their own keys from scrap were deemed too dangerous and difficult. However, Sendaula noticed that they could possibly flee through the cell's
309:
One day, Kimumwe, Mutumba, Kassujja, Ssekalo were temporarily removed from their cell and brought to Major Faruk Minawa, the SRB's operations officer. He ordered them to write and sign their confessions; in doing so, the group also included their motives for plotting
Operation Mafuta Mingi. Kimumwe
297:
Even though their role in
Operation Mafuta Mingi was proven beyond doubt, Kimumwe and his six co-conspirators were not immediatedly tied and executed. President Amin wanted them to publicly confess their guilt before killing them, and thus opted to first execute other dissidents. However, they were
326:
Once brought back to the prison, the group thus decided to continue with their escape plan. They made their first attempt to get past the metal bars in the night of 20 September, but the opening was still too small for the two largest inmates, Ssekalo and Okech. The group thus continued to work at
407:
Wycliff Kato had not taken part in the coup attempt. His imprisonment was connected to his refusal to sign pilot certificates for relatively untrained
Egyptian pilots who were supposed to replace American pilots for Ugandan civil aircraft. His repeated refusals had upset the Ugandan government.
258:
In July 1976, the
Kimumwe brothers and an unidentified civilian agreed to organize a coup to overthrow Amin. Patrick Kimumwe became the leader of the conspirators who dubbed themselves the "Uganda Liberation Movement" (ULM). In the next months, their conspiracy grew to include 500
254:
installed himself as new
Ugandan President and ruled the country under a repressive dictatorship. Kimumwe initially rose in the ranks after Amin's takeover, and was appointed second-in-command of the Malire Battalion.
318:
which the dissidents had imported for the coup attempt. Even though the
President claimed that they would be spared if they pleaded for mercy, the four knew that almost all military tribunals chaired by
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magazine that the two hoped to inform people about the true nature of Amin's regime, arguing that "his clowning conceals a ruthless extinction of human rights" in Uganda.
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508:
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indicated that Kimumwe was captured when he personally led a team of assassins attacking Amin's convoy during the coup, contradicting other accounts of the events.
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235:. Patrick Kimumwe was eventually posted to the headquarters company of the Malire Regiment (later Malire Battalion), serving as adjutant to Captain
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The escape was surrounded by various false rumours, including of Israeli involvement or a wider conspiracy within the Uganda Army. Journalists
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to fight for the anti-Amin rebels. In the following December, he was part of an insurgent force that tried to cross
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where he co-authored a book on his experiences in the Uganda Army. He served as insurgent and died during the
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in 1965. His brother Wilson "Willy" Kimumwe also joined the military, eventually becoming a pilot in the
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166:
1946 – December 1978) was a Ugandan soldier, rebel, and author. He is best known for organizing a
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serving in the air force and Malire Battalion. The ULM launched their coup attempt, code-named "
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Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum
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174:, and subsequently escaping from the prison of Amin's notorious intelligence agency, the
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Kimumwe became part of the militant anti-Amin opposition in Kenya, and eventually met
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231:. The brothers became good friends of another Ugandan soldier and later author,
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also fell for these stories, claiming that the escapees had made their way to
30:
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178:(SRB). After his escape, Kimumwe joined the militant Ugandan opposition in
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1008:
Kasozi, A.B.K. (1994). Nakanyike Musisi; James Mukooza Sejjengo (eds.).
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Kimumwe was sent to the prison located under the SRB's headquarters at
267:
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Eventually, Kato had been forced to sign the certificates by Minister
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179:
688:
686:
457:"How Capt. Isabirye's head was cut off during anti-Amin coup"
606:"Lt. Col. Ogole Memorium: Country; Justice, Unity And Peace"
1103:. Vol. X. New York City: Africana Publishing Company.
536:
534:
532:
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509:"Six stage escape from the dreaded State Research Bureau"
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1100:
Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents
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1014:. Montreal; Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press.
936:"Museveni recounts how Kategaya, Bidandi formed UPM"
146:
138:
116:
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100:
92:
79:
63:
44:
21:
339:In exile, Kimumwe and Mutumba wrote a book titled
278:" on 18 June 1977, but the plan was leaked to the
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376:. However, their boat sank, and Kimumwe drowned.
1011:Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985
1149:Military personnel of the Uganda–Tanzania War
8:
970:. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
692:
503:
501:
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497:
450:
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343:about their experiences. Kimumwe told the
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18:
987:Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994
985:Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2015).
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1079:(revised ed.). Moran Publishers.
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968:War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin
966:Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983).
559:
7:
455:Magembe, Muwonge (12 January 2016).
412:, and then sent to the SRB prison.
364:broke out, and Kimumwe joined the
207:, around 1946. He enlisted in the
170:attempt against Ugandan President
16:Ugandan military officer and rebel
14:
1058:. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
993:: Helion & Company Limited.
142:Wilson "Willy" Kimumwe (brother)
631:Honey, Martha (12 April 1979).
1:
911:Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015
423:Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey
163:
68:
48:
36:
579:Mann, Roger (24 June 1977).
358:Front for National Salvation
356:who invited him to join the
199:Patrick Kimumwe was born at
1054:Seftel, Adam, ed. (2010) .
1037:Rwehururu, Bernard (2002).
242:In 1971, Ugandan President
195:Early life and coup attempt
1175:
1129:Ugandan military personnel
633:"Ugandan Capital Captured"
335:Exile activities and death
323:ended in death sentences.
1073:Museveni, Yoweri (2020).
28:
693:Avirgan & Honey 1983
1076:Sowing the Mustard Seed
360:. In October 1978, the
286:Imprisonment and escape
276:Operation Mafuta Mingi
160:Patrick Balati Kimumwe
121:Operation Mafuta Mingi
280:State Research Bureau
213:Uganda Army Air Force
176:State Research Bureau
93:Years of service
1144:Save Uganda Movement
1041:. Kampala: Monitor.
366:Save Uganda Movement
215:and training to fly
86:Save Uganda Movement
67:December 1978 (aged
872:, pp. 205–206.
836:, pp. 203–204.
812:, pp. 202–203.
788:, pp. 201–202.
761:, pp. 200–201.
749:, pp. 199–200.
637:The Washington Post
585:The Washington Post
362:Uganda–Tanzania War
205:Uganda Protectorate
184:Uganda–Tanzania War
125:Uganda–Tanzania War
58:Uganda Protectorate
1159:Deaths by drowning
341:Inside Amin's Army
152:Inside Amin's Army
1065:978-9970-02-036-2
1021:978-0-7735-1218-4
1000:978-1-910294-55-0
977:978-9976-1-0056-3
942:. 19 October 2014
913:, pp. 27–28.
659:, pp. 85–86.
515:. 4 November 2017
263:soldiers, mostly
233:Bernard Rwehururu
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461:The Independent
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354:Yoweri Museveni
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312:Voice of Uganda
300:target practice
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248:a military coup
246:was deposed in
201:Kamuli District
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147:Other work
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54:Kamuli District
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23:Patrick Kimumwe
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1097:, ed. (1979).
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722:, p. 199.
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682:
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612:. 10 May 2014
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513:Daily Monitor
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370:Lake Victoria
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1095:Legum, Colin
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1038:
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944:. Retrieved
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742:
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640:. Retrieved
636:
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614:. Retrieved
609:
600:
588:. Retrieved
584:
581:"Amin Alive"
517:. Retrieved
512:
464:. Retrieved
460:
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393:
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344:
340:
338:
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311:
308:
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257:
244:Milton Obote
241:
225:Soviet Union
223:jets in the
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130:
117:Battles/wars
1139:1978 deaths
1134:1946 births
959:Works cited
946:17 December
940:The Obsever
923:Kasozi 1994
887:Seftel 2010
870:Seftel 2010
858:Seftel 2010
846:Seftel 2010
834:Seftel 2010
822:Seftel 2010
810:Seftel 2010
798:Seftel 2010
786:Seftel 2010
774:Seftel 2010
759:Seftel 2010
747:Seftel 2010
735:Seftel 2010
720:Seftel 2010
678:Seftel 2010
616:23 December
519:17 December
466:17 December
261:Uganda Army
209:Uganda Army
168:coup d'Ă©tat
83:Uganda Army
1123:Categories
1030:j.ctt80drh
642:7 November
560:Legum 1979
437:References
250:. Colonel
80:Allegiance
39:March 1978
410:Moses Ali
265:Christian
190:Biography
139:Relations
96:1965–1978
1154:Escapees
1047:50243051
991:Solihull
427:Tel Aviv
316:bazookas
292:Nakasero
252:Idi Amin
172:Idi Amin
374:Entebbe
329:Kampala
268:Baganda
131:†
35:Photo,
1107:
1083:
1062:
1045:
1028:
1018:
997:
974:
590:13 May
272:Basoga
221:MiG-17
217:MiG-21
127:
1026:JSTOR
380:Notes
180:Kenya
104:Major
88:(SUM)
1105:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1043:OCLC
1016:ISBN
995:ISBN
972:ISBN
948:2021
644:2018
618:2021
592:2021
521:2021
468:2021
392:The
346:Drum
270:and
229:Iraq
227:and
219:and
109:Unit
101:Rank
64:Died
51:1946
45:Born
302:".
239:.
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1125::
1024:.
989:.
938:.
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459:.
445:^
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1113:.
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1049:.
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950:.
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162:(
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