450:
373:
54:
308:. Many members of PyL were then recruited by Chilean security services and participated in the persecution of those opposed to Pinochet's junta. Still others like Roberto Thieme became convinced opponents of the regime (Thieme in particular opposed the neo-liberal economic policies under Pinochet). Since the
392:
program. According to Prof. Michael Stohl, and Prof. George A. Lopez, "After the failure to prevent
Allende from taking office, efforts shifted to obtaining his removal. At least $ 7 million was authorized by the United States for CIA use in the destabilizing of Chilean society. This included
534:
and begged pardon for their responsibilities in the repression against civilians operated by
Pinochet's junta. They indicated that many members of the group had been recruited by the Chilean security services and had thus collaborated to the repression, including acts of
393:
financing and assisting opposition groups and right-wing paramilitary groups such as Patria y
Libertad ('Fatherland and Liberty')". Although PyL was already dissolved, some of their former integrants continued collaborating with Pinochet's regime. Former head of
638:
que derivó en un grupo armado y ejerció la violencia política como método de lucha contra los militantes de izquierda". In Gomes, G. (2016). "Héroes y demonios. Los jóvenes del Frente
Nacionalista Patria y Libertad en el Chile de la Unidad Popular (1970–1973)".
887:
in their efforts to sabotage the economy and undermine the
Allende Government in the firm belief that a military take-over would be temporary – a transitory phenomena - leading to the reestablishment of a Christian Democratic Government." (ibid., p.
911:
864:
street-fighters of Patria y
Libertad who filled the streets with garbage and gunned down antifascist truck drivers racing down the streets bringin" In: Petras, J., & Petras, B. (1973). "The Chilean coup".
364:" (CRM), the paramilitary group formed and integrated by the youth of this last political party, they participated in demonstrations against the President Salvador Allende's socialist government.
293:
which had sought to overthrow
Allende socialist administration. In agreement with the sectors opposing Allende in the military, the group assassinated on 26 July 1973 Allende's naval aide,
530:
Roberto Thieme, leader of the military operations of PyL, signed on 2 December 2004, along with other leaders José Agustín Vásquez and Arturo
Hoffmann, a declaration which referred to the
753:
Saez, Manuel
Alcantara; Sáez, Manuel Alcántara; Freidenberg, Flavia (eds ) & (1 de enero de 2001). Partidos políticos de América Latina. Cono Sur. Universidad de Salamanca. p. 351.
522:. According to Leopold, the Swedish prime minister was killed because he had freely given asylum to so many leftist Chileans following the 1973 coup against Salvador Allende.
1271:
62:" of the Nationalist Front Fatherland and Liberty. According to Manuel Fuentes Wendling the symbol was created with the aim of being associated with the Nazi swastika.
400:
declared to
Chilean justice in 2005 that the CNI, successor of DINA, handed out monthly payments between 1978 and 1990 to the persons who had worked with DINA agent
1123:
939:
1000:
834:
organization, after Allende came to power." In: De los Angeles Crummett, M. (1977). "El Poder Feminino: The Mobilization of Women against Socialism in Chile".
1042:
1301:
325:
28:
1082:
Michael Stohl and George A. Lopez (1984). "The State as Terrorist: The Dynamics of Governmental Violence and Repression". Greenwood Press. p. 51
590:
548:
1296:
394:
1210:
830:"Pablo Rodriguez, a lawyer and gremialista, formed the Movimiento Nacionalista 'Patria y Libertad' (Fatherland and Freedom), a paramilitary
1261:
581:
385:
329:
883:"With all of these thoughts filling his head, Frei joined efforts with Jarpa of the National Party and Thieme of the Patria y Libertad
972:
185:
1286:
1220:
925:
1244:
1069:
981:
469:
425:
309:
1291:
1281:
1276:
269:
In June 1973, the group attempted to carry out a coup against the Allende government but failed, in an event known as the
1095:
1306:
1266:
849:
Patria y Libertad group." In: Webber, F. (1999). "The Pinochet case: the struggle for the realization of human rights".
595:
357:
107:
1120:
936:
515:
353:
1184:
1163:
997:
768:"La matriz antiliberal en las derechas radicales: el caso del Frente Nacional Patria y Libertad en Chile (1971-1973)"
719:
290:
491:
312:, some small groups have since claimed to be its successor, but are not officially linked to the original PyL.
657:
586:
321:
251:
73:
801:
Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. Nouveaux Mondes Mondes Nouveaux - Novo Mundo Mundos Novos - New World New Worlds
744:
Reportajes 24: Patria y Libertad, los pasos de la "Araña" (min 7:08) – via Youtube. Accessed 16 March 2020.
714:
organization, the PL was at the forefront of conservative opposition to Allende." en: Hayes, B. C. (1979).
703:
294:
125:
891:"The only available groups willing and acceptable to the junta were the ultra-right National Party, the
564:
236:
413:
409:
1092:"Contreras dice que Pinochet dio orden 'personal, exclusiva y directa' de asesinar a Prats y Letelier"
1062:
472:
by Roberto Theime, leader of military operations for Fatherland and Liberty. Thieme exiled himself to
1132:
998:"USA en Chile: La CIA y La ONI, financista del grupo terrorista Patria y Libertad. - 2/07/03 (Chile)"
948:
845:"... the UN report said that it had recruited tens of thousands of collaborators, many from the
652:
560:
540:
473:
286:
133:
1237:
1009:
503:
576:
547:
economic policies of Pinochet's regime, and criticized Pinochet's lack of repentance following his
259:
449:
602:
465:
428:
agents. Michael Townley has been convicted for the 1976 assassination of former Chilean minister
278:
190:
145:
417:
796:
1216:
1189:
1168:
921:
487:
483:
454:
305:
180:
113:
767:
559:
Juan Patricio Abarzúa Cáceres, a former member of PyL, was arrested in 2005, charged in the "
486:. Thieme also revealed that in 1973, he was pressured by the military to assassinate Senator
1233:
1058:
804:
775:
707:
429:
421:
405:
397:
372:
345:
263:
240:
206:
99:
969:
1127:
1099:
1004:
976:
943:
641:
Revista de la Red Intercátedras de Historia de América Latina Contemporánea: Segunda Época
401:
228:
138:
683:"Sandoval himself has expressed great admiration for Spain's fascist Falange and Chile's
340:
beliefs, engaged in street brawls against leftist militants and sympathizers, armed with
876:"... hundreds of rightst anti-government terrorist incidents, particularly by the
687:
organization, Patria y Libertad." In: Simons, M. (1981). Guatemala: The Coming Danger.
607:
511:
389:
337:
255:
121:
1255:
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544:
531:
433:
298:
274:
232:
68:
634:"Optamos por definir al FNPyL como una agrupación política no partidaria de tinte
895:
Patria y Libertad and the business and professional associations." (ibid. p. 176)
285:
Chile's infrastructure. The collaboration between Fatherland and Liberty and the
17:
129:
117:
1148:
1038:
1212:
Killing Hope: U. S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II - Part I
1104:
628:
519:
478:
352:
hoped to overthrow socialism from Chile. Along with the youth movement of the
270:
809:
780:
716:
The Invisible Blockade and the Covert War: US Relations with Chile, 1970-1973
917:
341:
297:. The first sabotage was committed this same day. Others include creating a
150:
53:
1091:
797:"El antiparlamentarismo visceral y la solución del corporativismo militar"
388:
during the first year of Allende's presidency, including via the Agency's
420:. Assassinated in 1995, Berrios, who worked as a chemist for the DINA in
282:
1185:
Policía detuvo a ex Patria y Libertad por caso de detenido desaparecido
824:
536:
224:
1164:
Ex Patria y Libertad llamó a pedir perdón por horrores de la dictadura
1238:
Interim Report: Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders
912:
Killing Hope: U. S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II
468:, energy towers and the fuel supply. The plan was revealed after the
1229:
Universum. . 2004, vol.19, no.1 , p. 122–137. ISSN 0718-2376.
448:
336:
gathered mainly upper and middle-class students, united by common
244:
170:
163:
482:, but returned to Chile in mid-July 1973, two months before the
461:
The Chilean Navy's June 1973 plan included sabotaging bridges,
328:. It formally organized itself in 1970, a short time after the
462:
567:
government sympathiser "disappeared" on September 16, 1973.
304:
It was officially disbanded on September 12, 1973, following
1039:"Les manifestations de rue à Santiago du Chili (1970–1973)"
258:
as secretary general, and turned more and more clandestine
453:
Building that served as Patria y Libertad headquarters in
702:, PL). The PL was founded in September 1970 by a lawyer,
432:, and was involved in the 1974 assassination of General
376:
Headquarters of the anti-communist paramilitary group
235:
group that fought against the democratically elected
670:
Pensar las derechas en América Latina en el siglo XX
156:
144:
106:
95:
87:
79:
67:
39:
1149:New book: Chilean fascist leader killed Olof Palme
281:of military adherence to the constitution, to
1027:Chile. Historia de una experiencia socialista
551:and subsequent judicial procedures in Chile.
214:
8:
490:, who had been the general secretary of the
273:. In July 1973, it received orders from the
1108:, May 13, 2005, mirrored on CC.TT. website
880:Patria y Libertad ..." (ibid., p. 166)
965:
963:
961:
36:
1272:Paramilitary organisations based in Chile
1029:. Península. Barcelona, 1974. pp. 177–184
823:Academic literature describing FNPL as a
808:
779:
627:Academic literature describing FNPL as a
1043:University of Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne
970:"Confesiones de un ex Patria y Libertad"
761:
759:
424:, also worked with drug traffickers and
371:
203:Fatherland and Liberty Nationalist Front
737:
620:
514:was the assassin in the still-unsolved
326:Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
867:Instant Research on Peace and Violence
1227:La Operación Cóndor y la guerra fría.
211:Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad
7:
1121:"El coronel que le pena al ejército"
582:United States intervention in Chile
301:while Allende was being broadcast.
937:"¿Quién mató al comandante Araya?"
795:Boisard, Stéphane (13 June 2017).
25:
510:, makes the case that PyL leader
404:in Chile, former members of PyL:
1063:Covert Action in Chile 1963–1973
52:
1302:1973 disestablishments in Chile
1245:U.S. Government Printing Office
1070:U.S. Government Printing Office
508:Det svenska trädet skall fällas
324:, the group was spawned in the
1:
1154:February 29, 2008 (in Danish)
591:legal team defending Pinochet
1297:1971 establishments in Chile
596:Tacuara Nationalist Movement
330:election of Salvador Allende
34:Political party in Chile
1262:Far-right politics in Chile
1215:, London: Zed Books, 2003,
836:Latin American Perspectives
706:, who had been a member of
660:, the former leader of the
650:"One of the other parties,
598:, a similar Argentine group
289:increased after the failed
1323:
851:Journal of Law and Society
766:Boisard, Stéphane (2016).
543:. Thieme also opposed the
518:of Swedish prime minister
26:
772:Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos
720:Naval Postgraduate School
710:'s campaign committee. A
698:"Fatherland and Liberty (
674:Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos
668:". In: Power, M. (2016).
260:throughout the presidency
176:
51:
1287:Anti-communist terrorism
810:10.4000/nuevomundo.69124
781:10.4000/nuevomundo.69124
606:, 2019 film directed by
498:Olof Palme assassination
250:The group was formed by
58:Logo of the group. The "
589:, who later headed the
502:The Swedish journalist
470:transition to democracy
445:June 1973 sabotage plan
310:transition to democracy
146:Political position
664:and extremely violent
458:
440:Clandestine activities
381:
378:Fatherland and Liberty
215:
210:
42:Fatherland and Liberty
29:Fatherland and Freedom
1292:Rebel groups in Chile
1282:Neo-fascist terrorism
1277:Nationalist terrorism
1136:, September 24, 2005
718:. Tesis de maestría,
563:" of Juan Heredia, a
549:1998 arrest in London
541:forced disappearances
452:
375:
362:Comando Rolando Matus
316:Creation of the group
1236:(20 November 1975).
1225:Paredes, Alejandro.
1061:(18 December 1975).
704:Pablo Rodriguez Grez
587:Pablo Rodríguez Grez
322:Pablo Rodríguez Grez
295:Arturo Araya Peeters
287:Chilean Armed Forces
277:, which opposed the
252:Pablo Rodríguez Grez
134:Anti-parliamentarism
74:Pablo Rodríguez Grez
27:For other uses, see
1307:Neo-fascist parties
1267:Chilean nationalism
1172:, December 3, 2004
1025:Kramer, Andrés M.,
985:, 12 February 2006
577:Chile under Allende
555:Judicial procedures
506:, in his 2008 book
356:, the youth of the
354:Christian Democracy
291:October 1972 strike
1126:2007-03-12 at the
1098:2007-09-27 at the
1003:2016-03-04 at the
975:2007-09-27 at the
942:2007-09-27 at the
459:
408:(Townley's wife),
382:
279:Schneider Doctrine
91:September 12, 1973
1193:, 8 October 2005
1190:Radio Cooperativa
1169:Radio Cooperativa
700:Patria y Libertad
666:Patria y Libertad
526:2004 declarations
488:Carlos Altamirano
476:after the failed
436:in Buenos Aires.
414:Gustavo Etchepare
410:Francisco Oyarzún
386:funded by the CIA
368:Financial support
350:Patria y Libertad
346:molotov cocktails
334:Patria y Libertad
216:Patria y Libertad
199:
198:
186:Political parties
181:Politics of Chile
114:Ultra-nationalism
96:Succeeded by
45:Patria y Libertad
18:Patria y Libertad
16:(Redirected from
1314:
1248:
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1234:Church Committee
1209:Blum, Williams.
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430:Orlando Letelier
422:Colonia Dignidad
406:Mariana Callejas
398:Manuel Contreras
264:Salvador Allende
241:Salvador Allende
223:) was a Chilean
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169:
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100:National Advance
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653:Partido del Sur
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492:Socialist Party
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418:Eugenio Berríos
402:Michael Townley
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139:Anti-liberalism
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512:Roberto Thieme
504:Anders Leopold
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384:The group was
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358:National Party
338:anti-communist
317:
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256:Roberto Thieme
239:government of
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1072:. p. 31.
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254:in 1970 with
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1204:Bibliography
1195:(in Spanish)
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1174:(in Spanish)
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1138:(in Spanish)
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1110:(in Spanish)
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1008:
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987:(in Spanish)
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954:(in Spanish)
947:
932:
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892:
884:
877:
873:(4), p. 163.
870:
866:
861:
857:(4), p. 527.
854:
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846:
842:(4), p. 106.
839:
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819:
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699:
692:
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684:
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651:
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636:neo-fascista
635:
623:
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558:
529:
507:
501:
494:since 1971.
477:
460:
434:Carlos Prats
383:
377:
361:
349:
333:
319:
303:
299:power outage
275:Chilean Navy
268:
249:
233:paramilitary
220:
202:
200:
102:(unofficial)
59:
1047:(in French)
712:neo-fascist
608:Andrés Wood
516:1986 murder
130:Neo-fascism
118:Corporatism
1256:Categories
1243:(Report).
1105:La Tercera
1068:(Report).
916:, London:
827:movement:
732:References
708:Alessandri
685:neofascist
662:neofascist
631:movement:
629:neofascist
545:neoliberal
520:Olof Palme
479:Tanquetazo
320:Headed by
271:Tanquetazo
213:or simply
1152:Politiken
1133:La Nación
949:La Nación
918:Zed Books
695:, p. 100.
474:Argentina
466:pipelines
360:and the "
342:nunchakus
229:political
191:Elections
151:Far-right
88:Dissolved
1124:Archived
1096:Archived
1001:Archived
973:Archived
940:Archived
914:- Part I
885:fascists
722:, p. 15.
680:, p. 13.
647:, p. 59.
571:See also
455:Santiago
390:Track II
283:sabotage
108:Ideology
893:fascist
878:fascist
862:fascist
847:fascist
832:fascist
825:fascist
539:and of
537:torture
225:fascist
207:Spanish
80:Founded
1219:
924:
603:Spider
168:
166:&
161:
157:Colors
69:Leader
60:Spider
1241:(PDF)
1066:(PDF)
860:"the
615:Notes
245:Chile
243:, in
171:white
164:Black
1217:ISBN
922:ISBN
888:173)
416:and
395:DINA
344:and
231:and
201:The
83:1971
982:TVN
805:doi
776:doi
463:oil
426:DEA
262:of
221:PyL
1258::
1187:,
1166:,
1130:,
1102:,
1094:.
1041:,
1007:,
979:,
960:^
946:,
909:.
869:,
855:26
853:,
838:,
803:.
799:.
774:.
770:.
758:^
693:43
691:,
676:,
672:.
643:,
412:,
348:.
332:.
266:.
247:.
227:,
219:,
209::
1247:.
871:3
840:4
813:.
807::
784:.
778::
678:2
645:4
610:.
457:.
380:.
205:(
31:.
20:)
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