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89:
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was lost and continues to be lost, along with the tending that fostered the growth of many
California plants. However, efforts are being made to bring Native Americans and their understanding back into the management of California land. Despite obstacles, Patwin descendants still know the plants of
567:
trappers arrived sometime before 1832. Tribal unity was destroyed by the taking of land and the destruction of traditional food and material-gathering areas. Along with the introduction of cattle, hogs, and sheep, the construction of dams, and the Copper processing plants in the 1880s and early
558:
The Wintun Indian people have three divisions: the Wintu (northern), Nomlaki (central), and Patwin (southern). Their traditional territories are in the greater
Sacramento Valley, with the Sacramento River a major feature of all the regions. Their lands vary from the Wintu mountain rivers in the
506:
When
Spanish explorers and Russian fur traders came to California, things quickly changed. New diseases such as smallpox and malaria were fatal to many Native Americans, and an epidemic in 1833 emptied the village of Putah-toi. The Spaniards forced many of the remaining Patwin onto the
205:
Kroeber estimated the population of the combined Wintun groups in 1910 as 1,000. By the 1920s, no Patwin remained along Putah Creek and few were left in the area. Today, Wintun descendants of the three groups (i.e. the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper) total about 2,500 people.
563:. Their diet came from the semiannual runs of king salmon up major rivers, to acorns and other vegetable foods, to game. In the early 1800s, there were approximately 12,000-15,000 members of the Wintun Tribe. Spanish settlers arrived in Wintun territory by 1808, and the
66:
661:
The plan to honor
Indians' connection with the UC Davis land grew out of the discovery of Indian remains at the Mondavi Center construction site in 1999. All of the remains have since been reburied under the direction of a Patwin representative,
784:
515:
in the 1830s, the number of remaining
Indians was less than one-third that of the Indians who had been pushed there. By the 1920s, no Patwin remained along the creek and few were left in the area. Native American
202:(1976a:180-181) estimated the combined population of the Patwin and Nomlaki at 11,300, of which 3,300 represented the southern Patwin. He subsequently raised his figure for the southern Patwin to 5,000.
154:. By 1800, the Spanish and other European settlers forced them into small tribal units: Ululatos (Vacaville), Labaytos (Putah Creek), Malacas (Lagoon Valley), Tolenas (Upper Suisun Valley), and
833:
569:
581:
715:, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 350–360. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
758:
826:
1214:
765:
811:
1219:
1209:
1199:
819:
533:
508:
354:
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1900s, the Wintun suffered a heavy toll on their health and survival. Today there are over 2,500 people of Wintun descent. Many live on the
577:
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499:
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849:
517:
52:
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428:
350:
214:
189:
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on Sem-Yeto and the Patwin Indian presence in Suisun Valley, part of a 2003 documentary produced by the City of
Fairfield
920:
59:
1224:
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226:
93:
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north, through the
Nomlaki plains, to the marshes, valleys, and hills of the Patwin. Their languages are of the
589:
76:
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573:
564:
143:
545:
396:
194:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in
California have varied substantially.
147:
645:
606:
274:
198:
put the 1770 population of the Wintun, including the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper, at 12,000.
48:
40:
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560:
324:
619:
754:
453:
731:
723:
585:
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199:
195:
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language. As of 2021, one Patwin person was a documented first-language speaker of Patwin.
1194:
1189:
1034:
173:
167:
67:
Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun
Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria
1113:
1080:
905:
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222:
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Today, only three federally recognized Patwin (Wintun) Indian rancherias remain.
424:
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136:
124:
1038:
986:
981:
895:
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100:
88:
749:"Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770"
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1002:
965:
880:
592:
120:
915:
511:. There, disease and deprivation took a heavy toll. When the missions were
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807:
NPR story featuring an interview with Patwin elder Bill Wright (2008)
108:
44:
142:
The "Southern
Patwins" have historically lived between what is now
1168:
1143:
1138:
1128:
991:
955:
950:
213:
128:
87:
18:
678:
The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
494:, Sacramento, California: Putah Creek Council, 2008, p. 21,
386:), 19th-century leader and diplomat, also known as "Chief Solano"
1064:
970:
936:
694:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
815:
538:
California Indians and Their Reservations: An Online Dictionary
51:. The Patwin comprise the southern branch of the Wintun group,
764:
For a map of regional Native American territories, see map of
349:
construction site beginning in 1999, and consequently, the
492:
Putah Creek: Flowing through Our Communities and Our Lives
454:"Patwin – Survey of California and Other Indian Languages"
353:, built a Native American Contemplative Garden within the
92:
A reconstructed Patwin reed hut at Rush Ranch Open Space,
706:
The Population of the California Indians, 1769-1970
759:Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
827:
345:Patwin Indian remains were discovered at the
8:
780:History of Quail Ridge Reserve - The Patwin
708:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
687:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
680:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
58:Today, Patwin people are enrolled in three
834:
820:
812:
751:(map after Kroeber), California Prehistory
646:"Community weaves tribute to Patwin tribe"
16:Indigenous people in Northern California
407:
425:"Native American Contemplative Garden"
720:The Languages of Native North America
711:Johnson, Patti J. 1978. "Patwin". In
692:Handbook of the Indians of California
369:(1907–1994), basket weaver and healer
7:
1215:History of Solano County, California
923:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
607:Native American Contemplative Garden
72:Kletsel Dehe Band of Wintun Indians
1220:History of Yolo County, California
1210:History of Napa County, California
801:Interview with historian Clyde Low
618:Rockwell, Susanne (16 June 2000).
14:
620:"Second Patwin burial site found"
357:, a project honoring the Patwin.
1200:Indigenous peoples of California
850:Indigenous peoples of California
843:
99:The Patwin were bordered by the
53:native inhabitants of California
644:Jones, Dave (20 October 2006).
429:University of California, Davis
351:University of California, Davis
190:Population of Native California
1021:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
722:. Cambridge University Press.
521:this area and still tend them.
111:(Maidu) in the northeast; the
1:
376:
766:Sacramento Valley Bioregion
685:California Indian Languages
107:(Wintun) in the north; the
60:federally recognized tribes
1246:
1205:California Mission Indians
704:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976b.
676:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976a.
542:San Diego State University
187:
165:
158:(Suisun Marsh and Plain).
127:in the southwest; and the
856:
227:Solano County, California
55:since approximately 500.
761:, University of Berkeley
718:Mithun, Marianne. 1999.
570:Round Valley Reservation
77:Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation
1119:Plains and Sierra Miwok
978:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
544:Library. Archived from
23:Map of Patwin territory
397:Fully feathered basket
230:
103:in the northwest; the
96:
24:
1088:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
921:Eel River Athapaskans
797:article on the Patwin
690:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
683:Golla, Victor. 2011.
361:Notable Patwin people
217:
91:
22:
565:Hudson's Bay Company
518:ecological knowledge
49:Northern California
231:
123:to the south; the
97:
25:
1225:Sacramento Valley
1177:
1176:
755:"Patwin Language"
650:Dateline UC Davis
624:Dateline UC Davis
200:Sherburne F. Cook
196:Alfred L. Kroeber
119:in the east; the
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847:
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829:
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794:Overland Monthly
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582:Grindstone Creek
555:
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534:"Wintun Indians"
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472:Kroeber 1925:883
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431:. March 16, 2015
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178:Southern Wintuan
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1035:Northern Paiute
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699:Further reading
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561:Penutian family
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548:on 26 July 2010
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174:Patwin language
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168:Patwin language
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1230:Vaca Mountains
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789:Stephen Powers
785:"The Patweèns"
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743:External links
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265:Koh´pah de´-he
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166:Main article:
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37:Southern Wintu
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139:in the west.
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94:Solano County
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1110:(Gabrieliño)
1094:(Fernandeño)
1059:
999:(Bear River)
792:
719:
712:
705:
691:
684:
677:
660:
653:. Retrieved
649:
639:
627:. Retrieved
623:
613:
602:
557:
550:. Retrieved
546:the original
537:
528:
505:
491:
486:
481:Cook 1976b:8
477:
468:
457:. Retrieved
448:
440:
433:. Retrieved
419:
410:
344:
219:Chief Solano
204:
193:
171:
141:
117:Plains Miwok
115:(Maidu) and
98:
57:
36:
32:
28:
26:
1114:Tübatulabal
932:Halchidhoma
911:Coast Miwok
871:Ahwahnechee
513:secularized
384: 1851
380: 1798
367:Mabel McKay
341:Archaeology
152:Putah Creek
125:Coast Miwok
1184:Categories
1039:Kucadikadi
982:Lake Miwok
896:Chemehuevi
866:Acjachemen
713:California
671:References
593:rancherias
459:2012-08-30
382: – c.
188:See also:
184:Population
133:Lake Miwok
47:people in
1149:Wukchumni
1053:Ramaytush
1049:Costanoan
1010:(Klamath)
1003:Mechoopda
966:Kitanemuk
901:Chimariko
881:Bay Miwok
355:Arboretum
300:Si'-ko-pe
253:Ho´lokomi
148:Vacaville
121:Bay Miwok
84:Territory
1098:Timbisha
1092:Tataviam
976:Kumeyaay
961:Kawaiisu
891:Cahuilla
876:Atsugewi
861:Achomawi
787:(1874),
391:See also
373:Sem-Yeto
288:Nawidihu
247:Dok´–dok
223:Suisunes
210:Villages
162:Language
156:Suisunes
39:) are a
1124:Vanyume
1081:Serrano
1076:Salinan
1070:Quechan
1030:Nomlaki
1025:Nisenan
997:Mattole
987:Luiseño
945:Whilkut
941:Chilula
927:Esselen
906:Chumash
730:(hbk);
586:Redding
578:Cortina
552:30 June
435:May 17,
329:Ululato
325:Tulukai
321:Tolenas
315:Til-til
271:Kusêmpu
241:Chemocu
235:Aguasto
221:of the
113:Nisenan
105:Nomlaki
33:Patween
1195:Wintun
1190:Patwin
1159:Yokuts
1134:Washoe
1108:Tongva
1103:Tolowa
1086:Shasta
1072:(Yuma)
1060:Patwin
1045:Ohlone
1014:Mohave
916:Cupeño
885:Saklan
770:Thayer
734:
726:
655:21 May
629:21 May
590:Rumsey
588:, and
574:Colusa
498:
335:Yulyul
332:Yo´doi
309:Suskol
303:Soneto
297:Putato
291:No´pah
285:Napato
259:Katsil
244:Churup
238:Bo´-do
150:, and
144:Suisun
135:, and
109:Konkow
45:Wintun
31:(also
29:Patwin
1169:Yurok
1144:Wiyot
1139:Wintu
1129:Wappo
1008:Modoc
992:Maidu
956:Cahto
951:Karuk
662:said.
403:Notes
318:Tokti
312:Tebti
306:Sukui
294:P’ālo
275:Liwai
176:is a
129:Wappo
1164:Yuki
1154:Yana
1065:Pomo
1019:Mono
971:Kizh
937:Hupa
774:Mann
772:and
732:ISBN
724:ISBN
657:2017
631:2017
554:2010
496:ISBN
437:2017
282:Moso
279:Lopa
268:Koru
262:Kisi
256:Imil
250:Gapa
172:The
137:Pomo
101:Yuki
41:band
35:and
27:The
768:by
43:of
1186::
943:,
791:'
757:,
659:.
648:.
622:.
584:,
580:,
576:,
556:.
540:.
536:.
504:,
439:.
427:.
377:c.
146:,
131:,
62::
1041:)
1037:(
947:)
939:(
887:)
883:(
835:e
828:t
821:v
776:.
738:.
633:.
595:.
462:.
375:(
229:.
79:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
