30:
242:
209:
general, equal to their arithmetic sum. Boucherot developed a theorem relating real and apparent power with the introduction of a new concept, reactive power. Reactive power represents the energy stored in electric and magnetic fields and is not consumed, hence does not figure in the total of real power.
213:
states that the total reactive power can be found by an arithmetic sum of its components and the total real power can likewise be found by an arithmetic sum of its components. The square of the total apparent power, on the other hand, is equal to the sum of the square of the total real power and the
195:
in 1889 and they were being built industrially from 1891. A problem with asynchronous machines is that they are difficult to start. The coupling to the rotor is weak until it gets moving and the current drawn by the motor is high. Boucherot solved this problem with his discovery of the double cage
268:
Claude and
Boucherot filed a number of patents concerning these plants and set about trying to raise funds to build a full scale offshore plant in the US, presenting it as a low cost alternative to coal and oil. It was proposed that refrigeration could also be provided by the plant to semi-tropical
264:
built an experimental onshore plant in Cuba in 1926. The plant utilises the heat difference between the surface tropical water and cold water at depth. The pressure of the warm water is rapidly reduced in a vacuum chamber producing low pressure steam. This steam is then drawn through a turbine by
217:
Reactive power is undesirable in electricity generating and transmission equipment as it leads to larger than necessary currents and hence larger than necessary losses for the distribution companies. As reactive power can be either positive or negative, this leads to the concept of cancelling it
208:
delivered by a generator as calculated by a simplistic multiplication of the voltage and the current is, in general, greater than the actual (real) power delivered as measured by the work done or heat produced. What is more the total apparent power consumed by two different circuits is not, in
229:, the Boucherot cell as originally devised works properly at only one spot frequency, the frequency of supply, whereas speaker impedance compensation is required to work over a wide band of frequencies. In point of fact though, neither man did any work in the field of audio reproduction;
265:
the condensing action of cold water from the bottom of the plant. This system is called the Claude-Boucherot process. The plant managed to generate 22 kW but this was less than the power required to run the plant and it never succeeded in producing a net output.
167:. He was a pioneer of AC electric power distribution, designed induction motors, and with Georges Claude, built early plants for obtaining thermal energy from the sea. He also contributed to electrical analysis, including the relationship between real and
269:
areas of the US such as
Florida and the desalinated water produced as a byproduct could be used for irrigation and fertilisation of farmland. However, the project never actually got off the ground and subsequent projects were destroyed in storms.
160:
101:
225:
The term
Boucherot cell is sometimes also applied to circuits used to cancel the reactive part of a loudspeaker load as seen by the amplifier. However a more common term for these circuits is
301:
249:
The idea of obtaining power from the heat stored in tropical sea-water is an idea that has been resurrected in recent times and is nowadays referred to by the term
539:
218:
out. In most cases, the reactive power is inductive and can therefore be cancelled out with banks of capacitors. A circuit for doing this is called a
196:
asynchronous motor in 1912. In fact, Dolivo-Dobrovolsky had already invented the double cage all the way back in 1893 but it was long since forgotten.
519:
514:
509:
136:
412:
250:
254:
29:
524:
317:
192:
304:
an equivalent circuit is developed with an ideal transformer and all the parasitic elements in just one circuit.
35:
471:
164:
156:
126:
453:
466:
210:
534:
529:
188:
241:
408:
293:
490:
313:
281:, Boucherot developed a communication system for the military which injected an oscillating
180:
444:, US patent 1926191, filed 7 October 1927 (in France 15 October 1926), issued 12 Sep 1933.
278:
184:
292:
He provided a model for the representation of magnetically coupled circuits, such as the
282:
261:
219:
205:
168:
381:, US patent 2006985, filed 17 June 1932 (in France 13 March 1926), issued 2 July 1935.
503:
486:
226:
297:
300:. In a real transformer, parasitic elements are present on both windings. In
286:
230:
39:
336:
161:École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris
102:École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris
245:
The 1930s Claude/Boucherot design for an ocean thermal energy power station
152:
82:
350:
390:
Claude, G, "Power From the
Tropical Seas", Mechanical Engineering,
362:
240:
61:
494:
42:' punishment for providing the power of fire to humanity
379:
Method and apparatus for obtaining power from sea water
159:(Northern Railway of France). He studied at the elite
285:
into the ground. It was used to transmit messages in
132:
122:
107:
97:
89:
68:
47:
20:
320:awarded him the Prix Gaston Planté for 1901.
8:
233:'s work was directed at telecommunications.
485:Some information in this article came from
312:Paul Boucherot was elevated to the rank of
373:
371:
28:
17:
423:
421:
427:Tropical sea water to generate power",
329:
253:(OTEC). It was originally proposed by
346:
344:
289:over distances of several kilometers.
260:Boucherot, together with his partner
7:
214:square of the total reactive power.
137:Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord
403:Drbal, LF, Boston, PG, Westra, KL,
191:asynchronous motor was invented by
163:(ESPCI) where he later also taught
394:, No. 12 (Dec. 1930), pp1039-1044.
179:Boucherot was interested in using
14:
540:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
314:Commandeur de la Légion d’Honneur
442:Treatment of Quantities of Water
251:Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
1:
520:20th-century French inventors
515:20th-century French engineers
454:Bedecke deinen Himmel, Zeus …
34:Boucherot's grave marker at
510:French electrical engineers
407:, p797-798, Springer, 1996
365:retrieved 29 December 2008.
337:ESPCI ParisTech Alumni 1888
556:
440:Boucherot P and Claude G,
377:Claude G and Boucherot P,
318:French Academy of Sciences
296:between the windings of a
193:Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
36:Cimetière du Père-Lachaise
255:Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval
142:
115:
27:
472:Le Moniteur Scientifique
351:AES article on Boucherot
237:Tropical sea-water plant
467:"Séance du 16 décembre"
405:Power Plant Engineering
200:Real and apparent power
187:as early as 1894. The
474:du Docteur Quesneville
246:
165:electrical engineering
157:Chemins de Fer du Nord
127:Electrical engineering
476:: 147. February 1902.
456:– L’esprit d’escalier
431:, p3, 8 January 1927.
353:retrieved 2017-12-17.
244:
363:AES article on Zobel
211:Boucherot's theorem
189:squirrel-cage rotor
185:asynchronous motors
175:Asynchronous motors
151:(1869–1943) was an
525:ESPCI Paris alumni
491:Machine asynchrone
429:The New York Times
247:
183:supplies to power
117:Engineering career
38:, Paris depicting
308:Honors and awards
302:Boucherot's model
294:mutual inductance
146:
145:
547:
495:French Knowledge
478:
477:
463:
457:
451:
445:
438:
432:
425:
416:
401:
395:
388:
382:
375:
366:
360:
354:
348:
339:
334:
79:20 February 1943
78:
76:
57:
55:
32:
18:
555:
554:
550:
549:
548:
546:
545:
544:
500:
499:
482:
481:
465:
464:
460:
452:
448:
439:
435:
426:
419:
402:
398:
389:
385:
376:
369:
361:
357:
349:
342:
335:
331:
326:
310:
279:First World War
275:
239:
202:
177:
85:
80:
74:
72:
64:
59:
53:
51:
43:
23:
12:
11:
5:
553:
551:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
502:
501:
498:
497:
487:Paul Boucherot
480:
479:
458:
446:
433:
417:
396:
383:
367:
355:
340:
328:
327:
325:
322:
309:
306:
283:electric field
274:
271:
262:Georges Claude
238:
235:
220:Boucherot cell
206:apparent power
201:
198:
176:
173:
169:apparent power
149:Paul Boucherot
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
81:
70:
66:
65:
60:
58:3 October 1869
49:
45:
44:
33:
25:
24:
22:Paul Boucherot
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
552:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
505:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
475:
473:
468:
462:
459:
455:
450:
447:
443:
437:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
413:0-412-06401-4
410:
406:
400:
397:
393:
387:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
338:
333:
330:
323:
321:
319:
315:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
272:
270:
266:
263:
258:
256:
252:
243:
236:
234:
232:
228:
227:Zobel network
223:
221:
215:
212:
207:
199:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
71:
67:
63:
50:
46:
41:
37:
31:
26:
19:
16:
470:
461:
449:
441:
436:
428:
404:
399:
391:
386:
378:
358:
332:
311:
291:
276:
267:
259:
248:
224:
216:
203:
178:
148:
147:
116:
15:
535:1943 deaths
530:1869 births
298:transformer
277:During the
133:Employer(s)
90:Nationality
504:Categories
324:References
287:Morse code
273:Other work
231:Otto Zobel
123:Discipline
108:Occupation
75:1943-02-20
54:1869-10-03
40:Prometheus
257:in 1881.
181:polyphase
155:with the
98:Education
153:engineer
111:Engineer
83:Ardentes
392:vol. 52
411:
316:. The
93:French
62:Paris
489:and
409:ISBN
204:The
69:Died
48:Born
493:on
506::
469:.
420:^
370:^
343:^
222:.
171:.
415:.
77:)
73:(
56:)
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
