1655:
4877:
4472:
4416:
4375:
4369:
4328:
4322:
4549:
1410:
opponents, including nearly 11,000 teachers who were dismissed from the party and removed from government—a phenomenon which Bremer worked with the then-Education
Minister to fix. Critics claim these measures helped to create and worsen an atmosphere of discontent among Iraqis and that de-Ba'athification, coupled with the disbandment of the Iraqi military, if not created then at least fueled the insurgency against Coalition Forces. This policy of "
619:
4539:
1484:. Under Bremer's stewardship the CPA paid out $ 12 billion in cash. The external auditors management notes point out that the CPA didn't perform a cash reconciliation until April 2004, eleven months into Bremer's mandate, when they started their work. See Congressional hearing when Ambassador Paul Bremer and Stuart Bowen, the special inspector general for Iraq Reconstruction, testified on management of U.S. funds in Iraq.
940:, two days ahead of schedule. Bremer departed from the country on the same day. In his farewell speech, broadcast on Iraqi television, he said, "I leave Iraq gladdened by what has been accomplished and confident that your future is full of hope. A piece of my heart will always remain here in the beautiful land between the two rivers, with its fertile valleys, its majestic mountains and its wonderful people".
3801:
828:
4478:
1303:, Garner, upon hearing of the order to disband the army, attempted to convince Bremer to rethink the dissolution. Bremer was reported as saying: "The plans have changed. The thought is we don't want the residuals of the old army. We want a new and fresh army." To this, Garner replied: "Jerry, you can get rid of an army in a day, but it takes years to build one."
25:
80:
1201:
912:'s interests are represented." The council members were chosen by Bremer from among groups and individuals which had supported the American invasion of Iraq. Bremer retained veto power over the council's proposals. The council was authorized to select a limited number of delegates to key Coalition Provisional Authority committees, like the
1289:"demobilized" or not, did in fact continue to exist as a coherent entity, indeed coherent enough that it could be consulted and negotiated with. This seems to concur with the position of the first Director of the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), retired U.S. Army Lieutenant General
1635:, which gave everyone associated with the CPA and the American government immunity from Iraqi law. One of his former top aides is quoted as saying that Bremer "wanted to make sure our military, civilians and contractors were protected from Iraqi law." This stipulation was later incorporated into Iraqi law.
1496:
to hire a reputable firm of certified chartered accountants, to serve as internal auditors, to help make sure the
Coalition's finances were administered according to modern accounting principles. These internal auditors would be separate and distinct from the external auditors who would report to the
1404:
counted among its members a majority of Iraq's governmental employees, including educational officials and some teachers, though as of 2003 members of the Ba'ath Party had constituted only around 10% of the Iraqi population. By order of the CPA, the top 1% of Iraqi Ba'ath Party members were forbidden
1050:
and sincerity, is partly an explanation (or rationalization) of actions Mr. Bremer took as
America's man in Baghdad, partly an effort to issue some 'I told you so's' to administration colleagues, and partly an attempt to spread (or reassign) responsibility (or blame) by tracing just who in the White
919:
Bremer also empowered the CPA to develop and implement the Iraqi constitution. The constitution became controversial when the first draft submitted by the CPA suggested banning political parties opposed to the U.S. occupation from participating in elections; privatizing much of Iraq's industries and
928:
resolved the council members' disagreements with clauses in the constitution. A formal signing ceremony was scheduled for March 5, 2004. As the guests waited and the orchestra played, the signing was canceled due to mass demonstrations. Finally, on March 8, 2004, an interim constitution was signed.
1409:
employees affiliated with the Ba'ath Party were to be removed from their positions and be banned from any future employment in the public sector. When the CPA turned over enforcement of de-Ba'athification to Iraqi politicians, however, these rules were broadly expanded and used to punish political
1313:
included a letter written by Bremer to
President Bush dated May 20, 2003, describing the progress made so far since Bremer's arrival in Baghdad, including one sentence that reads "I will parallel this step with an even more robust measure dissolving Saddam's military and intelligence structures to
962:
Bremer's role as the head of the CPA is notable for being the subject of much criticism. Large sums of money were reported to have gone missing under Bremer's leadership. Bremer's attempts at privatizing much of Iraq's infrastructure and mineral wealth were also highly criticized and the decision,
1557:
This issue also became a topic of discussion during some of Bremer's Q&A sessions with students who attended Bremer's presentations during Bremer's campus speaking tours. Some questioned Bremer if he could have done things differently in Iraq, but were notably disappointed when he avoided the
1417:
Bremer was once again warned of the harm his actions would have. According to
Woodward, when Garner asserted that none of the ministries would be able to function after this order, Bremer asked the Baghdad station chief for his thoughts. "If you put this out ... you will put 50,000 people on the
1288:
entitled "Iraq: The War of
Imagination" from September 2006, American agents—including one colonel and a number of CIA operatives—had already begun meeting regularly with Iraqi officers in order to reconstitute the army as a working force. Implied in this is the notion that the army, temporarily
981:
by
President Bush, America's highest civil award for "especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." "He was also presented with the Department of Defense award for
1541:
Bremer wrote an eight-page reply to deny the accusations and stated that, during the IG's inquiry, Bowen's people refused to interview Bremer's deputies, and the IG's report failed to mention that Bremer and his people worked under extraordinary conditions, faced a high turnover rate, and had
1533:
stated that $ 9 billion for the reconstruction of Iraq might have disappeared in fraud, corruption, and other misbehavior. On one particular salary register, only 602 names among 8,206 could be verified. As another cited example, the
Coalition Authority authorized Iraqi officials to postpone
1454:
One of the concerns the IAMB raised repeatedly was that the CPA had repaired the well-heads and pipelines for transporting Iraq's oil, but they had stalled on repairing the meters that were necessary to document the shipment of Iraqi oil, so it could be demonstrated that none of it was being
1054:
His media commentary is generally critical of the Obama administration for not devoting more effort to promoting democracy overseas. He is also a consistent advocate for continued U.S. presence in Iraq. On the other hand, while many other conservatives began advocating for a withdrawal from
1504:
arrived, they learned that Bremer had not made sure the CPA lived up to the commitment to hire internal auditors to help set up a reliable accounting system. On the contrary they learned that a single contracted consultant kept track of the CPA's expenditures in a series of spreadsheets.
993:
as a guest speaker led to protests against his role in the Iraq War. Dissatisfied with Bremer's speech and answers, several students also voiced disappointment at the university for having paid him $ 40,000. Another appearance, scheduled for the public library of his hometown,
1466:
The CPA has acknowledged that the failure to meter the oil shipments resulted in some oil smuggling—an avoidable loss of Iraq's oil that was Bremer's responsibility. Neither Bremer nor any of his staff has offered an explanation for their failure to repair the meters.
3174:"Any such persons determined to be full members of the Ba'ath Party shall be removed from their employment. This includes those holding more junior ranks of `Udw (Member) and `Udw 'Amil (Active Member), as well as those determined to be Senior Party Members."
1055:
Afghanistan, Bremer endorsed the administration's new strategy in 2010, describing it as "reasonable" and giving Obama "credit for deciding to replicate
President Bush's Iraq strategy by sending more troops to the fight in Afghanistan". He has also endorsed
1270:. Former soldiers took to the streets in mass protests to demand back pay. Many of them threatened violence if their demands were not met. Bremer was later heavily criticized for officially disbanding the former Iraqi Army. During Bremer's stay in Iraq,
1674:
U.S. intelligence sources had monitored chatter that suggested resistance elements were planning demonstrations, or outright attacks, to coincide with the time of the official handover. An early handover would preempt the plans of resistance elements.
1021:
On
February 6, 2007, Bremer appeared before a congressional committee investigating fraud and abuse and was questioned about missing funds during his tenure as head of the CPA and a January 2005 audit that found $ 8.8 billion in unaccounted for funds.
1265:
On May 23, 2003, Bremer issued Order Number 2, in effect dissolving the entire former Iraqi army and putting 400,000 former Iraqi soldiers out of work. The move was widely criticized for creating a large pool of armed and disgruntled youths for the
1545:
Bremer's claim that Bowen's staff made no attempt to interview his staff is at odds with the detailed account of the external auditors, of their attempts to meet with Bremer and his staff. In their management notes they describe how some of the
1277:
Despite the messages the CIA reportedly communicated to the Iraqi army, the argument was still ventured that by the time Baghdad fell on April 9, 2003, the previous Army had demobilized, or as Bremer puts it, "had simply dissolved". However, as
2382:
3966:
4505:
1670:
Bremer's early departure was a complete surprise. But the turnover of political power a couple of days earlier was suggested by members of the Bush administration to thwart any plans the insurgency may have had for June 30.
1323:
op-ed. Titled "How I Didn't Dismantle Iraq's Army", Bremer says he did not make the decision on his own, and that the decision was reviewed by "top civilian and military members of the American government" including the
1306:
The issue of disbanding the old Iraqi Army found itself, once again, the center of media attention with two articles explaining why Bremer ostensibly did not make the decision on his own. The first press release by
1009:
Among other things, Bremer repeatedly asserted that when he came to Iraq, the Iraqi army had abandoned its barracks, and therefore "there was no army to disband". He also repeatedly defended his decision to expel
1157:-based nonprofit, as CEO and President. Bremer also served as a member of the organization's board of directors. He retired from the organization in March 2012 and as of 2015 was listed as a 'Special Advisor'.
2386:
1462:
The IAMB was also informed by the CPA that contrary to earlier representations the award of metering contracts have been delayed and continues to urge the expeditious resolution of this critical issue.
1613:, from about 200 followers to some 6,000, in seven months. Bremer wrote in his book that "Greenstock said that this would be a difficult time to go after him ... I first urged arrest last August".
5459:
686:
349:
1187:'s "Baby I'm Yours" playing in the background. After his granddaughter informed him of the trend, he was fascinated by it and hoped it would increase people's interest in Iraq's recent events.
685:, from 1976 to 1979, returning to the United States to take a post of deputy executive secretary of the Department of State, where he remained from 1979 until 1981. In 1981, he was promoted to
5464:
4543:
4527:
296:
1339:
considered two alternatives: To recall the old army or to rebuild a new army with "both vetted members of the old army and new recruits". According to Bremer, Abizaid preferred the second.
2356:
819:' Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism, which authored a 2002 report called "Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism."
2294:
5549:
3695:
1036:, which was described as "an almost day-by-day narrative that sticks to what Bremer was doing and with whom he was interacting, without providing much analysis or introspection."
809:
735:
from the Secretary of State. Before rejoining government in 2003, he was chairman and CEO of Marsh Crisis Consulting, a risk and insurance services firm which is a subsidiary of
218:
3143:
2883:
2680:
2208:
2176:
1583:'s announced goal of helping transform Iraq into a modern, democratic state. This move was even criticized by members of Bremer's own appointees on the Iraqi Governing Council.
3424:
1685:
Many of Bremer's senior staff left when he did, meaning that important documents required for the completion of the audit could not be signed by the appropriate staff members.
913:
1102:
The Bremer Enterprises website also provides links to books by Bremer and his wife Frances Winfield Bremer. In addition to his 2006 memoir, in September 2011 Bremer published
963:
apparently formulated in the office of the Secretary of Defense, to disband the Iraqi Army is widely blamed for fueling the Iraqi insurgency against the American occupation.
2653:
5514:
5254:
3979:
1989:
1521:
1401:
5544:
3329:"Hearing Questions Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Iraq Reconstruction :: Committee on Oversight and Government Reform :: United States House of Representatives"
3212:
The Interagency and Counterinsurgency Warfare: Aligning and Integrating Military and Civilian Roles in Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations
5509:
4520:
1183:, where his phrase "Ladies and gentlemen, we got him" following the capture of Saddam Hussein is used to accompany someone getting 'busted' or exposed, often with
3354:
1260:
805:
3955:
1558:
question. Bremer allegedly responded to one such question with, "I will tell you what I told them, I'm saving that for my book ... I need more time to reflect".
3275:"International Advisory and Monitoring Board for Iraq (IAMB) – An audit oversight body for the Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) – Press Release, June 22, 2004"
4261:
3791:
5489:
4145:
3921:
2855:
1679:
1501:
1444:
1418:
street, underground, and mad at Americans", he replied. Woodward: "And these 50,000 were the most powerful, well-connected elites from all walks of life".
700:
998:, on January 18, 2006, was moved to the private St. Luke's School in the same town for fear for protests. During a February 27, 2006 public appearance at
511:
4513:
4084:
3386:
4876:
5504:
4908:
4118:
4096:
3248:
1146:
He also engages in consulting work and serves on a number of boards. Bremer currently serves on the board of directors of BlastGard International, a
843:
as presidential envoy to Iraq on May 9, 2003. His appointment declared him subject to the "authority, direction and control" of Secretary of Defense
46:
33:
5469:
5362:
4053:
1632:
2546:
1601:. It was shut down by the United States-led administration headed by Bremer on March 28, 2004, after being accused of encouraging violence against
5484:
2806:
2308:
1682:
made clear. In their management notes the external auditors describe trying to meet with Bremer, and being very surprised by his early departure.
898:
894:
2751:
3941:
2360:
1087:
of New England country landscapes, which he sells through his company Bremer Enterprises. What he sells proceeds to the historical societies of
3888:
3712:
3028:
1609:(UK's Special Representative for Iraq), about preparations to arrest al-Sadr, who by early March 2004 had increased his militia following, the
3844:
2083:
1426:
Bremer was accountable to the Secretary of Defense for the actions he took. But, since his authority to spend Iraq's oil revenue derived from
862:, and Bremer became the country's chief executive authority. As the holder of the "most powerful foreign post held by any American since Gen.
5539:
5367:
5249:
4112:
3999:
3790:
3761:
2836:
2730:
1969:
1800:
1361:, etc ... 'we will make clear that the coalition will eliminate the remnants of Saddam's regime'" was sent to both National Security Adviser
2688:
5239:
2513:
602:
3692:
3210:
Baetjer, Patrick (2007). "An Alternative View: Sri Lanka's Experience With an Enduring Insurgency". In Joseph Cerami and Jay Boggs (ed.).
1654:
1430:, he was also accountable to the United Nations. The authority he derived from the UN to spend Iraq's oil revenue bound him to show that:
750:
NV, the Harvard Business School Club of New York and the Netherland-America Foundation. He served on the International Advisory Boards of
1372:
After two protesters were killed by U.S. troops, the CPA agreed to pay up to 250,000 former soldiers a stipend of $ 50 to $ 150 a month.
5382:
4566:
1693:
1427:
944:
762:
3401:"Oversight of funds provided to Iraqi Ministries through the National Budget Process – Special Inspector General: Iraq reconstruction"
3150:
2880:
2810:
2215:
2183:
2160:
1935:
1161:
1099:, where he moved after his public retirement. He has self-mockingly described his style of painting as "evolving American primitive".
948:
3874:
2780:
3753:
3522:
1241:
815:
in 1999. The report, "Countering The Changing Threat of International Terrorism", was published in June 2000. He also served on the
650:
505:
3947:
2657:
2434:
2408:
5529:
5499:
5474:
5244:
4746:
4254:
4172:
3540:
3094:
1718:"The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR L. PAUL "JERRY" BREMER, III"
816:
704:
438:
244:
5534:
4976:
4387:
4211:
1997:
1927:
1570:
1547:
1509:
1493:
1336:
933:
925:
905:
859:
855:
543:
95:
4283:
3975:
3400:
1450:
That proper fiscal controls were in place, so that it could be demonstrated that none of the funds were diverted, or misspent.
1219:
5264:
3806:
2006:
1728:
1666:
following a ceremony celebrating the transfer of full governmental authority to the Iraqi Interim Government on June 28, 2004
2950:
1550:'s senior staff, including Bremer himself, just would not make themselves available to meet with the auditors. Others, like
4072:
3361:
2461:
5479:
5269:
4901:
4611:
4591:
3328:
1580:
978:
736:
627:
130:
3850:
3936:
2976:
2032:
1284:
3825:
3296:
3125:
5524:
5519:
5494:
4716:
4247:
2624:
2262:
1267:
986:
honored him with the "Victory of Freedom Award" for "demonstrating leadership and working towards peace and freedom".
875:
793:
778:
4296:
3932:
2334:
1754:
5112:
4951:
4711:
4441:
4274:
4221:
1663:
921:
231:
38:
5274:
4946:
4771:
2585:
1816:
1759:
977:
After his return from Iraq, Bremer engaged in a few speaking tours. On December 14, 2004, Bremer was awarded the
743:
732:
567:
3985:
1497:
International Advisory and Monitoring Board. Bremer did not make sure the CPA hired internal auditors, however.
4956:
4894:
4661:
4641:
4063:
1602:
1405:
from holding government positions, but were still permitted to open businesses and work at newspapers, and all
1357:
on May 8, 2003, that said "the coalition 'will actively oppose Saddam Hussein's old enforcers—the Baath Party,
832:
716:
587:
575:
1534:
declaring the reception of $ 2.5 billion, which the provisional government had received in spring through the
4029:
5411:
5372:
5062:
4931:
4306:
3618:
3571:
2767:
1985:
1047:
995:
937:
392:
186:
145:
137:
4093:
3821:
3730:
5454:
5401:
5377:
5345:
4586:
4047:
3252:
2951:"Iraqi troops say U.S. owes them back pay / Bitter soldiers threaten attacks on American forces, sabotage"
2703:
2295:"Documents Indicate Policy Plan That Fueled Iraqi Insurgency Was Compartmentalized in Rumsfeld's Pentagon"
1696:
in modern times," stating that he should have been relieved of his duties "no later than" September 2003.
1068:
1060:
1051:
House, Pentagon and State Department signed off on or ordered critical decisions made during his tenure".
766:
755:
724:
635:
4008:
2312:
5296:
5259:
4866:
4821:
4786:
2514:"Testimony of Ambassador Paul Bremer – Hearing Questions Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Iraq Reconstruction"
1830:
1643:
1606:
1376:
were given a single severance payment. Many of the former soldiers found this to be grossly inadequate.
1274:
allegedly placed a bounty of 10,000 grams of gold on Bremer, the equivalent of US$ 125,000 at the time.
1131:
563:
547:
427:
4017:
2814:
1411:
3641:
2901:
2117:
5449:
5423:
5324:
5223:
4831:
4353:
4085:
Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism A Presentation by Ambassador L. Paul Bremer
3003:"Osama Tape Offers Bremer Bounty, Promises $ 125K in Gold For Killing Top U.S. Administrator in Iraq"
2267:
1639:
1168:
1056:
774:
728:
515:
4471:
4415:
4374:
4368:
4327:
4321:
1342:
Bremer also details the situation he and the major decision makers faced; especially when the large
5397:
5310:
5303:
5022:
4796:
4766:
4636:
4596:
4576:
4022:
3913:
2091:
1379:
1080:
171:
4038:
2727:
885:
As the top civilian administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority, Bremer was permitted to
5172:
4736:
4731:
4706:
4461:
3959:
2566:
1551:
1319:
1309:
1154:
1042:
1003:
1002:, where his sister-in-law is an assistant dean, Bremer insisted that his decision to disband the
598:
501:
181:
151:
3864:
3668:
3483:
3002:
2520:
2491:
2240:
1542:
insufficient number of personnel to carry out their rebuilding and humanitarian relief efforts.
1458:
On June 22, 2004, in a final press release before the CPA's authority expired, the IAMB stated:
1332:, who briefed officials in Washington that there were no more "organized Iraqi military units".
920:
natural resources; and allowing the unelected Iraqi Interim Governing Council to sign a binding
4026:, May 22, 2004 (about young volunteers hired by the Pentagon to handle financial tasks in Iraq)
3898:
2923:
2728:
Paul Bremer, Ski Instructor: Learning To Shred With The Bush Administration's Iraq War Fall Guy
1437:
The programs that were funded were decided upon, and supervised in an open, transparent manner.
924:
between Iraq and the United States. On March 1, 2004, after several hours of negotiations, the
5092:
5067:
4836:
4826:
4791:
4726:
4696:
4681:
4651:
4606:
4571:
4340:
4311:
4270:
4229:
3925:
3757:
3749:
3418:
3380:
2156:
1965:
1931:
1796:
999:
863:
658:
235:
5428:
5331:
5317:
5213:
5132:
5107:
5037:
4851:
4846:
4806:
4781:
4756:
4751:
4741:
4721:
4691:
4676:
4671:
4646:
4301:
4165:
4138:
3833:
3438:
2558:
1957:
1388:, created a video response to Bremer's op-ed on September 6, 2007. (This was the very first
1362:
1223:
1092:
1088:
1037:
990:
789:
639:
495:
450:
329:
277:
3460:
3043:
1752:
Bremer memos from his service as deputy executive secretary for Kissinger are available at
5057:
5002:
4936:
4917:
4656:
4631:
4616:
4601:
4100:
4057:
3892:
3699:
2887:
2784:
2734:
1598:
1529:
1384:
1358:
1354:
1299:
1271:
1032:
966:
844:
751:
720:
654:
594:
491:
341:
191:
3918:– Contains another perspective on the conflict between Bremer and Inspector General Bowen
1011:
4078:
2058:
1899:
788:
Bremer and his wife were the founders of the Lincoln/Douglass Scholarship Foundation, a
5157:
5152:
5147:
5102:
5087:
5072:
5032:
5012:
5007:
4816:
4801:
4686:
4666:
4626:
4581:
4446:
4358:
4155:
3976:
Oversight of Funds Provided to the Iraqi Ministries through the National Budget Process
3882:
3548:
2438:
2412:
2002:
1594:
1590:
1127:
886:
871:
867:
840:
812:
690:
674:
618:
579:
196:
176:
166:
120:
3098:
3068:
5443:
5417:
5218:
5208:
5187:
5177:
5137:
5127:
5122:
5097:
5047:
5042:
5017:
4971:
4961:
4941:
4861:
4841:
4761:
4621:
3993:
3596:
3226:
3186:
3144:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society"
2177:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society"
2149:
1689:
1481:
1406:
1346:
majority in the new army could have had problems with the thought of having a former
1180:
1111:
983:
696:
551:
380:
317:
265:
156:
1790:
5392:
5387:
5338:
5182:
4997:
4992:
4966:
4776:
4456:
4182:
2856:"Paul Bremer, Former Iraq Czar, is Utterly Confused How He Became an Internet Meme"
1953:
Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism
1579:
for two months. This move was widely criticized as running directly counter to the
1535:
1524:
1512:
the CPA used what they described as "a single-entry, cash-based transaction list".
1373:
1366:
1329:
1294:
1084:
1015:
956:
909:
879:
289:
3908:
2625:"Bellum » Special Guest: Paul Bremer on Afghanistan and the Future of Europe"
1717:
3838:
3789:
3332:
1678:
His early departure was disruptive to the smooth transition of authority, as the
1638:
Since then, violent events in Iraq involving American security companies such as
1150:-based company that manufactures materials to mitigate the impact of explosions.
929:
It was to be revised or replaced by a second constitution after Iraqi elections.
5279:
5203:
5142:
5117:
5077:
4701:
4548:
4204:
as Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance of Iraq
2610:
2469:
2258:
1659:
1616:
1279:
715:
Bremer retired from the Foreign Service in 1989 and became managing director at
583:
571:
161:
2681:"'Evolving American Primitive': What Paul Bremer Is Doing Ten Years After Iraq"
1317:
The second press release dated September 6, 2007, was submitted by Bremer as a
1071:. But Europe seems unwilling, or perhaps afraid, to acknowledge this reality."
5405:
5027:
4561:
4451:
4400:
4197:
1610:
1290:
1107:
851:
747:
214:
2628:
1951:
1921:
1764:
761:
Bremer and 1,700 of the employees of Marsh & McLennan had offices in the
5162:
4856:
4239:
3523:"CPA-IRAQ.org: Homepage of The New Iraq - Information about the Iraqi Dinar"
3303:
1325:
952:
827:
534:(born September 30, 1941) is a retired American diplomat. He was the second
3809:
was created from a revision of this article dated 9 December 2017
1480:
Under Bremer's stewardship the CPA requested $ 12 billion in cash from the
1126:
in the mountains outside Kabul. Bremer has worked for several seasons as a
24:
4477:
2547:"Capsule Reviews: My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope"
2272:
5167:
5082:
3126:"I ran Iraq in 2003. Washington hadn't prepared for the aftermath of war"
2209:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2: Dissolution of Entities"
1575:
1184:
2570:
79:
3274:
1856:"Economic Club of New York – Public Policy – Economics – Social Issues"
1440:
Iraqis were invited to give meaningful input into how funds were spent.
1147:
1135:
1123:
1096:
3855:
2214:. The Coalition Provisional Authority. August 23, 2003. Archived from
850:
Bremer arrived in Iraq in May 2003. On May 11 he replaced Lt. General
3859:
2562:
1343:
1064:
890:
782:
682:
662:
643:
2705:
From Sea to Shining Sea: Biking Across America with Wounded Warriors
1554:, the CPA's de facto treasurer, showed a total lack of cooperation.
1160:
Bremer formerly served as a member of the board of directors of the
1104:
From Sea to Shining Sea: Biking Across America with Wounded Warriors
3095:"US Stipend Seen as Paying Little Respect to Former Iraqi Soldiers"
2182:. The Coalition Provisional Authority. May 16, 2003. Archived from
1961:
936:
formally transferred limited sovereignty of Iraqi territory to the
4886:
1653:
1347:
969:
replaced Bremer as the highest-ranking American civilian in Iraq.
826:
670:
666:
631:
617:
582:
Perfumes Corporation in New York and his mother was a lecturer in
3839:"Baghdad year zero: Pillaging Iraq in pursuit of a neocon utopia"
2263:"Baghdad year zero: Pillaging Iraq in pursuit of a neocon utopia"
1792:
Imperial life in the emerald city : inside Iraq's green zone
727:, class of career minister, Bremer received the State Department
4428:
3731:"Revisions in Need of Revising: What Went Wrong in the Iraq War"
678:
539:
99:
4890:
4509:
4243:
2902:"U.S. dissolves Iraqi army, Defense and Information ministries"
2059:"Larry Kudlow on Colin Powell and Paul Bremer on NRO Financial"
955:
served as coalition spokesman, working with military spokesman
4108:
1194:
1122:
During his time in Afghanistan, he set up the country's first
770:
649:
During the 1970s, Bremer held various domestic posts with the
18:
1855:
1508:
The external auditors reported that rather than use a modern
1014:
members from government posts by comparing Saddam Hussein to
796:
that provides high school scholarships to inner-city youths.
4212:
Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq
3787:
2752:
Paul Bremer Is Alive and Well and Teaching Skiing in Vermont
1755:"The Memory Hole > "Documents from the US Espionage Den""
932:
On June 28, 2004, at 10:26 am local time, the U.S.-led
605:, where he earned a Certificate of Political Studies (CEP).
350:
Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State
3733:. Strategic Studies Institute: Carlisle, PA, December 2005.
1395:
951:
and the President of the United States. His senior adviser
781:
hit." On September 11, he was interviewed in Washington on
777:, he stated that their office was located "above where the
3994:
Transcript: Paul Bremer, Former U.S. Administrator in Iraq
746:, and a board member of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.,
2437:. Worcester.indymedia.org. April 19, 2005. Archived from
2411:. Worcester.indymedia.org. April 28, 2005. Archived from
1923:
Countering The Changing Threat of International Terrorism
1153:
In November 2010, Bremer joined World T.E.A.M. Sports, a
703:
in 1983 and ambassador-at-large for counterterrorism and
3748:, 1st ed. (Canada: Simon & Schuster, January 2006.)
2337:. Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. December 14, 2004
1956:. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 2002.
1646:, who view them as private armies acting with impunity.
1335:
Bremer's article goes into further detail about how the
646:, as economic and commercial officer from 1968 to 1971.
4119:
Terrorism: its evolving nature – by L. Paul Bremer, III
3746:
My Year In Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
3570:
Glanz, James; Sabrine Travernise (September 22, 2007).
3510:
My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
3249:"Iraq bill allows some Ba'athists back into government"
2151:
My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
1877:
1434:
Expenditures were intended to benefit the Iraqi people.
1215:
1033:
My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope
870:," he compared himself to MacArthur as well as General
731:, two Presidential Meritorious Service Awards, and the
3834:
L. Paul Bremer III Papers (MS 2123) at Yale University
3439:"Audit: U.S. lost track of $ 9 billion in Iraq funds"
2837:"America Prize – Fondazione Italia-USA awards Bonino"
904:
On July 13, 2003, Bremer approved the creation of an
856:
Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
219:
Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
3069:"US decides to pay Iraqi soldiers and form new Army"
2924:"Iraqi soldiers march on US base to demand back pay"
2435:"Bremer speaks at Clark, 100 protest: IMC Worcester"
1627:
Granting foreign contractors immunity from Iraqi law
1619:, leader of the interim government, explicitly gave
638:, as a general services officer. He was assigned to
5460:
Ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands
5355:
5288:
5232:
5196:
4985:
4924:
4427:
4386:
4339:
4282:
3922:
Iraq reconstruction riddled with waste, audits find
2383:"Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation"
2357:"Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation"
1443:The administrator of Iraq was cooperating with the
1353:Furthermore, a memo from U.S. Secretary of Defense
947:, and as administrator he reported directly to the
484:
476:
444:
434:
407:
402:
386:
374:
366:
347:
335:
323:
313:
295:
283:
271:
261:
242:
225:
208:
136:
126:
116:
93:
70:
5465:United States government officials of the Iraq War
3667:Dominic Evans and Paul Tait (September 23, 2007).
3572:"Blackwater Case Will Go to Iraqi Criminal Courts"
3406:. Archived from the original on September 30, 2005
3185:
3120:
3118:
3116:
2492:"House Panel Criticizes Shipments of Cash to Iraq"
2359:. Nixonlibrary.org. March 13, 2010. Archived from
2148:
3980:Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
3149:. Coalition Provisional Authority. Archived from
2409:"100 Turnout Against Clark/Bremer: IMC Worcester"
2309:"Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan"
1880:. Harvard Club of New York City. February 5, 2010
1522:Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
1476:Failure to perform month-end cash reconciliations
1063:" thesis, stating: "It is a fact of history that
897:, which banned the Ba'ath party in all forms and
601:in 1966. He later continued his education at the
3423:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3214:. Strategic Studies Institute. pp. 254–255.
2654:"Former Iraq administrator Bremer now a painter"
2611:"Paul Bremer: 'US must not walk away from Iraq'"
5550:United States Coordinators for Counterterrorism
4079:How Should America Address Terrorist Aggression
3909:Former Bush aide turns critic as Iraq inspector
1725:Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training
1492:In his second regulation, Bremer committed the
1460:
1396:"De-Ba'athification" of the Iraqi civil service
858:. In June, the Office was transformed into the
657:from 1972 to 1976. He accompanied Kissinger on
5255:Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
3982:that documents the unaccounted for $ 9 billion
3800:
3669:"Iraq sees security vacuum without Blackwater"
2118:"A View From the Center of the Iraq Maelstrom"
1692:called Bremer "the largest single disaster in
1261:Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2
908:with the stated mission of "ensuring that the
4902:
4521:
4255:
4081:, CNN television interview September 14, 2001
3986:TD Waterhouse Keynote Address @ IA Conference
2648:
2646:
1795:. Internet Archive. New York: Vintage Books.
1488:Failure to employ qualified internal auditors
831:Bremer signs over limited sovereignty to the
8:
4544:United States Ambassadors to the Netherlands
4018:"In Iraq, the Job Opportunity of a Lifetime"
3187:"No End in Sight: Iraq's Descent into Chaos"
2241:"So, Mr Bremer, where did all the money go?"
1631:Two days before he left Iraq, Bremer signed
4146:United States Ambassador to the Netherlands
4107:interview of L. Paul Bremer III and former
2111:
2109:
1680:KPMG audit of the Development Fund for Iraq
1520:On January 30, 2005, an official report by
1445:International Advisory and Monitoring Board
823:Provisional coalition administrator of Iraq
677:in 1973. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in
297:United States Ambassador to the Netherlands
4909:
4895:
4887:
4528:
4514:
4506:
4434:
4393:
4346:
4289:
4262:
4248:
4240:
4127:
3889:What has happened to Iraq's missing $ 1bn?
1030:In 2006, Bremer published a memoir called
362:February 2, 1981 – March 27, 1983
309:August 31, 1983 – August 25, 1986
78:
67:
3942:Ave Maria University Commencement Address
3484:"Bremer's Tale: The Top American in Iraq"
3227:"Baathist mistake corrected amid concern"
3042:Bremer III, L. Paul (September 6, 2007).
2142:
2140:
2138:
1242:Learn how and when to remove this message
719:, a worldwide consulting firm founded by
5515:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
5363:Timeline of modern American conservatism
3817:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3744:L. Paul Bremer & Malcolm McConnell:
3482:L. Paul Bremer, with Malcolm McConnell.
1633:Coalition Provisional Authority Order 17
1623:permission to re-open on July 18, 2004.
1079:After taking art lessons at a school in
597:in 1963 and went on to earn an MBA from
257:October 17, 1986 – May 25, 1989
49:of all important aspects of the article.
5545:United States Foreign Service personnel
3899:My sadness at the privatisation of Iraq
3883:"Frontline: the lost year in iraq |PBS"
3865:Bremer's Tale: The Top American in Iraq
3251:. CNN. January 12, 2008. Archived from
1709:
899:Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2
895:Coalition Provisional Authority Order 1
578:. Bremer's father was president of the
5510:Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut
4039:Letter From Baghdad, War After the War
3642:"Blackwater must go, says Iraq leader"
3416:
3385:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3378:
3032:(Simon & Schuster, 2006): 194–195.
3022:
3020:
3001:Bootie Cosgrove-Mather (May 7, 2004).
2116:Kakutani, Michiko (January 12, 2006).
1642:have triggered great resentment among
1569:On March 28, 2004, Bremer ordered the
943:Bremer's office was a division of the
466:
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
5368:Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism
5250:Foundation for Defense of Democracies
3716:(Simon & Schuster, 2006): p. 252.
3539:Hirch, Michael (September 20, 2007).
3225:Usher, Sebastian (January 12, 2008).
2584:Varadarajan, Tunku (March 29, 2010).
2335:"President Presents Medal of Freedom"
1662:(left), Bremer, and President Sheikh
1167:He received the America Award of the
982:Distinguished Public Service and the
804:Bremer was appointed chairman of the
653:, including posts as an assistant to
603:Institut d'Ă©tudes politiques de Paris
112:May 12, 2003 – June 28, 2004
7:
5240:Project for the New American Century
3044:"How I Didn't Dismantle Iraq's Army"
2881:Dissolution of Entities with Annex A
2656:. CNN. March 5, 2009. Archived from
2090:. September 18, 2005. Archived from
1831:"Coordinators for Counter-Terrorism"
1819:. United States Department of State.
1784:
1782:
1593:and was considered a mouthpiece for
512:Paris Institute of Political Studies
5383:Idealism in international relations
3597:"Iraq to end contractor 'immunity'"
3461:"Iraqi outcry as US bans newspaper"
2783:. September 4, 2010. Archived from
2460:Holland, John (December 10, 2007).
1878:"The Harvard Club of New York City"
1817:"Chiefs of Mission for Netherlands"
1382:, director of critically acclaimed
1046:characterized it as "an amalgam of
901:, which dismantled the Iraqi Army.
889:. Among his first and most notable
878:in Germany following its defeat in
742:He also served as a trustee on the
5490:International Republican Institute
3989:American Rhetoric February 4, 2005
3097:. Commondreams.org. Archived from
2854:Sommer, Will (December 10, 2018).
2811:International Republican Institute
2702:Paul Bremer (September 12, 2011).
2385:. Nixonlibrary.org. Archived from
1734:from the original on July 16, 2024
1314:emphasize that we mean business."
1162:International Republican Institute
989:Bremer's April 18, 2005, visit to
949:United States Secretary of Defense
839:Bremer was appointed by President
14:
3967:Bremer explains, defends Iraq war
3948:Bremer Speaks at Clark University
2679:Durbin, Judith (March 20, 2013).
1114:platform via Bremer Enterprises.
554:, from May 2003 until June 2004.
5505:Political office-holders in Iraq
5245:National Endowment for Democracy
4875:
4547:
4537:
4476:
4470:
4414:
4373:
4367:
4326:
4320:
4173:Coordinator for Counterterrorism
3799:
3729:Hendrickson, D., and Tucker, R.
3640:Reid, Tim (September 20, 2007).
3541:"Blackwater and the Bush Legacy"
2975:Bremer, L. Paul (May 13, 2007).
2949:Collier, Robert (May 16, 2003).
2545:Brown, L. Carl (May–June 2006).
1414:" was reversed in January 2008.
1199:
806:National Commission on Terrorism
800:National Commission on Terrorism
705:coordinator for counterterrorism
245:Coordinator for Counterterrorism
23:
5470:Coalition Provisional Authority
4388:Coalition Provisional Authority
3847:timeline at the History Commons
3619:"Blackwater staff face charges"
1998:Coalition Provisional Authority
1928:U.S. Government Printing Office
1571:759th Military Police Battalion
1494:Coalition Provisional Authority
1337:Coalition Provisional Authority
1208:This section is written like a
934:Coalition Provisional Authority
926:Iraqi Interim Governing Council
906:Iraqi Interim Governing Council
860:Coalition Provisional Authority
562:Born on September 30, 1941, in
544:Coalition Provisional Authority
462:
96:Coalition Provisional Authority
37:may be too short to adequately
5485:Harvard Business School alumni
5265:Emergency Committee for Israel
3599:. BBC News. September 25, 2007
1835:US Department of State Archive
1789:Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (2007).
1510:double entry accounting system
1428:United Nations Resolution 1483
1293:, who Bremer had replaced. As
1083:, in 2007, Bremer began doing
737:Marsh & McLennan Companies
465: 1966; died
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
5270:American Enterprise Institute
4067:Interview with L. Paul Bremer
3841:, Naomi Klein, September 2004
3200:Henderson & Tucker, p. 2.
3073:The Christian Science Monitor
1589:started after the removal of
1573:to shut down Iraqi newspaper
1222:and discuss the issue on the
979:Presidential Medal of Freedom
765:. Bremer's office was in the
701:ambassador to the Netherlands
626:That same year he joined the
5540:New York (state) Republicans
3951:Worcester IMC April 19, 2005
3937:Council on Foreign Relations
2613:. BBC News. August 27, 2010.
2084:"A Year of Crucial Missteps"
1688:Former Speaker of the House
1605:. There was discussion with
1562:Shutting down the newspaper
1285:The New York Review of Books
817:National Academy of Sciences
3547:. p. 2. Archived from
2977:"What We Got Right in Iraq"
2900:Jane Arraf (May 23, 2003).
2841:Fondazione Italia-USA Press
2586:"Paul Bremer's Victory Lap"
2462:"Bremer justifies Iraq war"
2031:Rosen, Nir (May 16, 2007).
1421:
1191:Criticism and controversies
874:, who was in charge of the
5566:
4222:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
4122:US Dept. of State Bulletin
3463:. BBC News. March 29, 2004
3184:Ferguson, Charles (2007).
1664:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
1258:
1179:Bremer appears in a viral
945:U.S. Department of Defense
922:Status of Forces Agreement
630:, which sent him first to
232:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
201:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
5275:Foreign Policy Initiative
4977:Constitutional Federalism
4947:Humanitarian intervention
4873:
4557:
4489:
4468:
4437:
4412:
4396:
4365:
4349:
4318:
4292:
4218:
4209:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4170:
4162:
4152:
4143:
4135:
4130:
4099:January 19, 2014, at the
4056:October 31, 2013, at the
3871:(Audio), January 10, 2006
3621:. CNN. September 23, 2007
3512:, page 302, 3rd paragraph
2928:The Sydney Morning Herald
2886:October 12, 2005, at the
1902:. CNN. September 14, 2001
1392:video op-ed in history.)
1255:Disbanding the Iraqi Army
744:Economic Club of New York
733:Distinguished Honor Award
723:. A career member of the
689:and special assistant to
568:New Canaan Country School
566:, Bremer was educated at
525:
398:
355:
302:
250:
236:Interim President of Iraq
105:
89:
77:
4957:Liberal internationalism
4230:Acting President of Iraq
4073:Faith Gives Him Strength
4030:Racing the Clock in Iraq
4009:Bremer Answers Questions
4000:Paul Bremer's Rough Ride
3698:October 7, 2007, at the
2807:"Directors and Officers"
2155:. Simon & Schuster.
2147:Bremer, L. Paul (2006).
1400:Saddam Hussein's ruling
1350:officer issuing orders.
938:Iraqi Interim Government
833:Iraqi Interim Government
717:Kissinger and Associates
588:University of Bridgeport
576:Phillips Academy Andover
558:Early life and education
84:Bremer in September 2003
5530:The Heritage Foundation
5500:Phillips Academy alumni
5475:Connecticut Republicans
5412:Republican in Name Only
5373:British neoconservatism
4932:American exceptionalism
3441:. CNN. January 31, 2005
2955:San Francisco Chronicle
2781:"World T.E.A.M. Sports"
2733:April 13, 2018, at the
2494:. NPR. February 6, 2007
2247:. London. July 7, 2005.
2033:"What Bremer Got Wrong"
1990:"CPA legal instruments"
1986:Office of Legal Counsel
1900:"CNN.com – Transcripts"
1694:American foreign policy
1365:and Secretary of State
1282:reports in an essay in
996:New Canaan, Connecticut
785:at 12:30 pm in-studio.
769:. In an interview with
187:Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum
146:Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum
5535:Yale University alumni
5402:New York Intellectuals
5378:Clash of Civilizations
3970:Brunswick Times Record
3795:
3775:Listen to this article
1667:
1464:
1069:Judeo-Christian values
1061:clash of civilizations
836:
756:Chugai Pharmaceuticals
725:Senior Foreign Service
623:
622:Bremer in October 1983
593:Bremer graduated from
5260:Henry Jackson Society
3996:Fox News July 6, 2004
3956:Bremer, students spar
3794:
2843:. September 19, 2013.
2768:Standard & Poor's
2363:on September 29, 2007
2275:on September 24, 2004
2094:on September 20, 2005
1658:Iraqi Prime Minister
1657:
1607:Sir Jeremy Greenstock
1516:Unaccounted-for funds
1132:Okemo Mountain Resort
1006:was the correct one.
830:
651:U.S. State Department
621:
564:Hartford, Connecticut
548:2003 invasion of Iraq
532:Lewis Paul Bremer III
428:Hartford, Connecticut
412:Lewis Paul Bremer III
94:Administrator of the
5480:Experts on terrorism
5424:Never Trump movement
5224:John Courtney Murray
4060:, September 24, 2003
3895:, September 19, 2005
3826:More spoken articles
3335:on December 26, 2007
2708:. Bremer Enterprises
2691:on December 8, 2013.
2315:on December 11, 2013
2297:. February 17, 2011.
2012:on November 26, 2011
1926:. Washington, D.C.:
1169:Italy-USA Foundation
1075:Painting and writing
1057:Samuel P. Huntington
914:Program Review Board
775:September 11 attacks
729:Superior Honor Award
699:appointed Bremer as
546:(CPA) following the
217:(as Director of the
138:President of the IGC
5398:Anti-Stalinist left
5311:The Public Interest
5304:The Weekly Standard
5023:Charles Krauthammer
4023:The Washington Post
3914:Wall Street Journal
3869:Fresh Air from WHYY
3255:on January 13, 2008
2981:The Washington Post
2526:on February 8, 2007
2472:on December 8, 2007
2389:on October 15, 2007
2221:on October 12, 2005
2037:The Washington post
1581:Bush administration
1380:Charles H. Ferguson
1328:Commander, General
1216:improve the section
1081:Glen Echo, Maryland
854:as Director of the
752:Komatsu Corporation
687:executive secretary
172:Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
5525:Sciences Po alumni
5520:Presidents of Iraq
5495:Kent School alumni
5173:Reuel Marc Gerecht
4271:Presidents of Iraq
4190:Political offices
3960:The Bowdoin Orient
3796:
3723:General references
3576:The New York Times
3551:on October 1, 2007
3048:The New York Times
2739:Task & Purpose
2660:on January 5, 2012
2261:(September 2004).
2122:The New York Times
1767:on August 31, 2005
1668:
1422:Iraq's oil revenue
1412:de-Ba'athification
1310:The New York Times
1220:encyclopedic style
1155:Holbrook, New York
1043:The New York Times
1004:Iraqi Armed Forces
837:
763:World Trade Center
624:
599:Harvard University
502:Harvard University
422:September 30, 1941
182:Mohsen Abdel Hamid
152:Ibrahim al-Jaafari
5437:
5436:
5093:Jeane Kirkpatrick
5068:David Aaronovitch
4884:
4883:
4503:
4502:
4485:
4484:
4423:
4422:
4382:
4381:
4335:
4334:
4312:Abdul Rahman Arif
4238:
4237:
4234:
4219:Succeeded by
4207:
4180:Succeeded by
4153:Succeeded by
4131:Diplomatic posts
3926:The Seattle Times
3905:, August 12, 2005
3875:CPA Reunion Party
3792:
3762:978-0-7432-7389-3
3309:on March 27, 2009
3297:"Report IHQ v2.3"
2817:on April 28, 2010
2758:(March 26, 2018).
2741:(March 26, 2018).
2557:(May/June 2006).
2441:on April 23, 2008
2268:Harper's Magazine
1971:978-0-309-08481-9
1802:978-0-307-27883-8
1760:thememoryhole.org
1727:. June 16, 2008.
1502:external auditors
1252:
1251:
1244:
1000:Lynchburg College
864:Douglas MacArthur
659:shuttle diplomacy
542:as leader of the
538:head of state of
529:
528:
64:
63:
16:American diplomat
5557:
5429:Euston Manifesto
5356:Related articles
5318:National Affairs
5214:Henry M. Jackson
5197:Major influences
5133:Zalmay Khalilzad
5108:Joshua Muravchik
5038:Norman Podhoretz
4911:
4904:
4897:
4888:
4879:
4552:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4507:
4480:
4474:
4435:
4429:Republic of Iraq
4418:
4394:
4377:
4371:
4347:
4330:
4324:
4302:Abdul Salam Arif
4290:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4241:
4225:
4201:
4195:Preceded by
4163:Preceded by
4136:Preceded by
4128:
4088:The Nixon Center
4035:February 9, 2004
3978:report from the
3972:, April 11, 2005
3963:, April 15, 2005
3878:January 14, 2006
3816:
3814:
3803:
3802:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3776:
3717:
3708:
3702:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3360:. Archived from
3359:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3331:. Archived from
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3302:. Archived from
3301:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3156:on June 21, 2004
3155:
3148:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3122:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2897:
2891:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2813:. Archived from
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2787:on July 31, 2015
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2748:
2742:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2687:. Archived from
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2631:on July 28, 2011
2627:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2563:10.2307/20032015
2542:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2519:. Archived from
2518:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2468:. Archived from
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2311:. Archived from
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2271:. Archived from
2255:
2249:
2248:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2189:on June 21, 2004
2188:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2005:. Archived from
1994:
1988:(May 22, 2003).
1982:
1976:
1975:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:. Econclubny.com
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1763:. Archived from
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1714:
1603:Coalition troops
1363:Condoleezza Rice
1247:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1142:Board activities
1038:Michiko Kakutani
991:Clark University
973:Post-Iraq career
835:on June 28, 2004
470:
468:
464:
451:Frances Winfield
425:
421:
419:
403:Personal details
389:
377:
360:
338:
330:William J. Dyess
326:
307:
286:
278:Robert B. Oakley
274:
255:
228:
211:
110:
82:
68:
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5351:
5284:
5228:
5192:
5058:Peter Berkowitz
5003:Frederick Kagan
4993:William Kristol
4981:
4952:Interventionism
4937:Democratization
4920:
4918:Neoconservatism
4915:
4885:
4880:
4871:
4553:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4504:
4499:
4481:
4466:
4419:
4410:
4378:
4363:
4331:
4316:
4278:
4268:
4224:
4215:
4200:
4185:
4176:
4168:
4158:
4149:
4141:
4101:Wayback Machine
4075:, June 19, 2003
4058:Wayback Machine
3944:, June 19, 2005
3916:, July 26, 2005
3893:The Independent
3830:
3829:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3807:This audio file
3804:
3797:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3741:
3739:Further reading
3736:
3725:
3720:
3713:State of Denial
3709:
3705:
3700:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3377:
3370:
3368:
3367:on July 1, 2004
3364:
3357:
3355:"Archived copy"
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3132:. July 6, 2016.
3124:
3123:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3101:on May 24, 2011
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3075:. June 24, 2003
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3029:State of Denial
3025:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2888:Wayback Machine
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2860:The Daily Beast
2853:
2852:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2750:Benjamin Hart,
2749:
2745:
2735:Wayback Machine
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2590:The Daily Beast
2583:
2582:
2578:
2551:Foreign Affairs
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2466:The Modesto Bee
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2063:National Review
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2009:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1652:
1650:Early departure
1629:
1599:Muqtada al-Sadr
1567:
1518:
1490:
1478:
1473:
1424:
1398:
1385:No End in Sight
1359:Fedayeen Saddam
1355:Donald Rumsfeld
1300:State of Denial
1272:Osama bin Laden
1263:
1257:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1177:
1144:
1120:
1077:
1028:
975:
967:John Negroponte
845:Donald Rumsfeld
825:
802:
779:second aircraft
721:Henry Kissinger
713:
673:to resolve the
655:Henry Kissinger
628:Foreign Service
616:
614:Foreign Service
611:
595:Yale University
560:
521:
492:Yale University
472:
460:
456:
453:
435:Political party
426:
423:
417:
415:
414:
413:
387:
375:
361:
356:
342:John S. R. Shad
336:
324:
308:
303:
284:
272:
256:
251:
226:
209:
204:
192:Massoud Barzani
111:
106:
85:
73:
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Michael Gerson
5155:
5153:James Kirchick
5150:
5148:Michael Ledeen
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:Jennifer Rubin
5110:
5105:
5103:Jonah Goldberg
5100:
5095:
5090:
5088:Eliot A. Cohen
5085:
5080:
5075:
5073:Anne Applebaum
5070:
5065:
5063:Douglas Murray
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5033:Elliott Abrams
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5013:Paul Wolfowitz
5010:
5008:Irving Kristol
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4341:Ba'athist Iraq
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4284:Iraqi Republic
4280:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4235:
4220:
4217:
4208:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4178:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4116:
4115:, June 6, 2000
4091:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4069:August 1, 2003
4061:
4045:
4042:The New Yorker
4036:
4027:
4015:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3983:
3973:
3964:
3953:
3945:
3939:
3930:
3928:, July 4, 2005
3919:
3906:
3896:
3886:
3880:
3872:
3862:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3819:
3805:
3798:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:External links
3767:
3766:
3765:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3710:Bob Woodward,
3703:
3685:
3659:
3632:
3610:
3588:
3562:
3531:
3514:
3501:
3474:
3452:
3430:
3392:
3346:
3320:
3288:
3266:
3240:
3217:
3202:
3193:
3176:
3167:
3135:
3112:
3086:
3060:
3034:
3026:Bob Woodward,
3016:
2993:
2967:
2941:
2930:. May 13, 2003
2915:
2892:
2872:
2846:
2828:
2798:
2772:
2760:
2743:
2719:
2694:
2671:
2642:
2616:
2602:
2576:
2537:
2505:
2483:
2452:
2426:
2415:on May 1, 2008
2400:
2374:
2348:
2326:
2300:
2286:
2250:
2232:
2200:
2168:
2162:978-0743273893
2161:
2134:
2105:
2075:
2057:Larry Kudlow.
2049:
2023:
2003:Washington, DC
1977:
1970:
1962:10.17226/10415
1943:
1937:978-0756710576
1936:
1930:. March 2000.
1913:
1891:
1869:
1847:
1822:
1808:
1801:
1778:
1745:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1651:
1648:
1644:Iraqi citizens
1628:
1625:
1591:Saddam Hussein
1566:
1560:
1517:
1514:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1423:
1420:
1397:
1394:
1390:New York Times
1320:New York Times
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1218:by writing in
1207:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1176:
1173:
1143:
1140:
1128:ski instructor
1119:
1118:Ski instructor
1116:
1076:
1073:
1027:
1024:
974:
971:
887:rule by decree
841:George W. Bush
824:
821:
813:Dennis Hastert
801:
798:
712:
711:Private sector
709:
691:Alexander Haig
675:Yom Kippur War
615:
612:
610:
607:
580:Christian Dior
559:
556:
527:
526:
523:
522:
520:
519:
509:
499:
488:
486:
482:
481:
478:
474:
473:
458:
454:
449:
448:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:
411:
409:
405:
404:
400:
399:
396:
395:
390:
384:
383:
378:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
353:
352:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
315:
311:
310:
300:
299:
293:
292:
287:
281:
280:
275:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
248:
247:
240:
239:
229:
223:
222:
212:
206:
205:
203:
202:
199:
197:Ezzedine Salim
194:
189:
184:
179:
177:Adnan Pachachi
174:
169:
167:Jalal Talabani
164:
159:
154:
149:
142:
140:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:George W. Bush
118:
114:
113:
103:
102:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
71:
62:
61:
41:the key points
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5562:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5455:Living people
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5418:Cuckservative
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5332:Harry's Place
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:Organisations
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5219:James Burnham
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:Bernard Lewis
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5188:Linda McMahon
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:James Woolsey
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Scooter Libby
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Bret Stephens
5126:
5124:
5123:Irwin Stelzer
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Michael Novak
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5048:Douglas Feith
5046:
5044:
5043:David Wurmser
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Richard Perle
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Pax Americana
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Bush Doctrine
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4942:Globalization
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4878:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4550:
4545:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4479:
4473:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4417:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4376:
4370:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4329:
4323:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4166:Robert Oakley
4161:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4139:William Dyess
4134:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4113:Larry Johnson
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4094:Global Threat
4092:
4090:July 19, 2000
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4044:November 2003
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4014:June 17, 2004
4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:June 28, 2004
4004:
4003:TIMES Archive
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3808:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3754:0-7432-7389-3
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3660:
3652:September 23,
3647:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3625:September 23,
3620:
3614:
3611:
3603:September 25,
3598:
3592:
3589:
3581:September 23,
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3555:September 23,
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3160:September 24,
3152:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:Newt Gingrich
1686:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1482:U.S. Treasury
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:public sector
1403:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1243:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:internet meme
1175:Internet meme
1174:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:oil paintings
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
987:
985:
984:Nixon Library
980:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
917:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
876:American zone
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
834:
829:
822:
820:
818:
814:
811:
810:House Speaker
807:
799:
797:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:Ronald Reagan
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
620:
613:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
557:
555:
553:
552:United States
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
524:
517:
513:
510:
507:
503:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
452:
447:
443:
440:
437:
433:
429:
424:(age 82)
410:
406:
401:
397:
394:
391:
385:
382:
381:Peter Tarnoff
379:
373:
370:Ronald Reagan
369:
365:
359:
354:
351:
346:
343:
340:
334:
331:
328:
322:
319:
318:Ronald Reagan
316:
312:
306:
301:
298:
294:
291:
288:
282:
279:
276:
270:
267:
266:Ronald Reagan
264:
260:
254:
249:
246:
241:
237:
233:
230:
224:
220:
216:
213:
207:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
157:Ahmed Chalabi
155:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
141:
139:
135:
132:
131:Richard Jones
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
109:
104:
101:
97:
92:
88:
81:
76:
69:
66:
58:
55:November 2021
48:
42:
40:
35:
30:
26:
21:
20:
5420:(pejorative)
5414:(pejorative)
5393:Pro-war Left
5388:Liberal hawk
5344:
5339:First Things
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5289:Publications
5183:Clifford May
5052:
4998:Robert Kagan
4967:Axis of evil
4852:Hartog-Levin
4811:
4431:(since 2004)
4405:
4227:
4226:
4210:
4203:
4202:
4183:Morris Busby
4171:
4144:
4121:
4105:PBS NewsHour
4104:
4087:
4064:
4049:PBS NewsHour
4048:
4041:
4032:
4021:
4011:
4002:
3988:
3969:
3958:
3950:
3924:
3912:
3903:Times Online
3902:
3877:
3868:
3745:
3711:
3706:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3645:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3575:
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:the original
3544:
3534:
3517:
3509:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3433:
3408:. Retrieved
3395:
3369:. Retrieved
3362:the original
3349:
3339:December 28,
3337:. Retrieved
3333:the original
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3304:the original
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3253:the original
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3220:
3211:
3205:
3196:
3179:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3151:the original
3138:
3130:The Guardian
3129:
3103:. Retrieved
3099:the original
3089:
3077:. Retrieved
3072:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3037:
3027:
3007:. Retrieved
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2927:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2895:
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2859:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2775:
2763:
2755:
2746:
2738:
2726:Aaron Gell,
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2704:
2697:
2689:the original
2684:
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2658:the original
2633:. Retrieved
2629:the original
2619:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2579:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2486:
2476:December 11,
2474:. Retrieved
2470:the original
2465:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:the original
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2387:the original
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:the original
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:December 13,
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2303:
2289:
2279:February 14,
2277:. Retrieved
2273:the original
2266:
2253:
2245:The Guardian
2244:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2216:the original
2203:
2193:December 13,
2191:. Retrieved
2184:the original
2171:
2150:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2052:
2042:November 24,
2040:. Retrieved
2036:
2026:
2016:February 28,
2014:. Retrieved
2007:the original
1996:
1980:
1952:
1946:
1922:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1811:
1791:
1771:September 1,
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1758:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1724:
1712:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1615:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1552:George Wolfe
1544:
1540:
1536:Oil for Food
1528:
1525:Stuart Bowen
1519:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1479:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1425:
1416:
1402:Ba'ath Party
1399:
1389:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1367:Colin Powell
1352:
1341:
1334:
1330:John Abizaid
1318:
1316:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1295:Bob Woodward
1283:
1276:
1264:
1238:
1232:January 2011
1229:
1214:Please help
1209:
1178:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1121:
1103:
1101:
1078:
1067:is based on
1053:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1016:Adolf Hitler
1012:Ba'ath Party
1008:
988:
976:
965:
961:
957:Mark Kimmitt
942:
931:
918:
910:Iraqi people
903:
884:
880:World War II
849:
838:
803:
787:
760:
741:
714:
695:
661:missions to
648:
625:
609:Early career
592:
561:
535:
531:
530:
393:Charles Hill
388:Succeeded by
357:
337:Succeeded by
304:
290:Morris Busby
285:Succeeded by
252:
227:Succeeded by
107:
65:
52:
36:
34:lead section
5450:1941 births
5280:NGO Monitor
5204:Leo Strauss
5143:Yuval Levin
5118:Ben Shapiro
5078:Oliver Kamm
5053:Paul Bremer
4577:Vans Murray
4572:J. Q. Adams
4390:(2003–2004)
4343:(1968–2003)
4286:(1958–1968)
3856:Appearances
3845:Paul Bremer
3508:Quote from
3277:. Iamb.info
3259:January 13,
3233:January 12,
2865:February 5,
2712:December 8,
2635:February 3,
2595:December 8,
2259:Naomi Klein
2225:December 9,
2127:December 8,
1660:Ayad Allawi
1617:Iyad Allawi
1297:reports in
1280:Mark Danner
872:Lucius Clay
767:North Tower
636:Afghanistan
584:art history
572:Kent School
376:Preceded by
325:Preceded by
273:Preceded by
210:Preceded by
162:Ayad Allawi
72:Paul Bremer
5444:Categories
5406:Trotskyism
5297:Commentary
5028:David Frum
4847:Culbertson
4787:Middendorf
4216:2003–2004
4198:Jay Garner
4177:1986–1989
4150:1983–1986
3933:Membership
3822:Audio help
3813:2017-12-09
3693:دار الŘياة
3410:2005-09-30
3371:August 17,
3229:. BBC News
3005:. CBS News
2791:August 11,
2530:2007-02-08
1700:References
1640:Blackwater
1611:Mahdi army
1455:smuggled.
1374:Conscripts
1291:Jay Garner
1268:insurgency
1108:Amazon.com
852:Jay Garner
790:Washington
773:after the
748:Akzo Nobel
439:Republican
418:1941-09-30
215:Jay Garner
5325:Encounter
5163:Dan Senor
4832:Schneider
4797:McCloskey
4672:Roosevelt
4307:al-Bazzaz
4297:ar-Ruba'i
4156:John Shad
4111:official
4065:Frontline
4051:Interview
3646:The Times
1705:Citations
1538:program.
1527:cited by
1500:When the
1471:Financial
1326:USCENTCOM
1224:talk page
1171:in 2013.
953:Dan Senor
794:nonprofit
707:in 1986.
485:Education
367:President
358:In office
314:President
305:In office
262:President
253:In office
117:President
108:In office
39:summarize
5168:Eli Lake
5083:Max Boot
4862:Hoekstra
4827:Dornbush
4767:Matthews
4752:Hornbeck
4717:Phillips
4707:Van Dyke
4607:Bleecker
4562:J. Adams
4496:military
4447:Talabani
4442:al-Yawer
4124:May 1989
4097:Archived
4054:Archived
4033:Newsweek
4012:USAToday
3851:CPA Bios
3824: ·
3696:Archived
3648:. London
3545:Newsweek
3419:cite web
3381:cite web
2884:Archived
2821:July 16,
2770:Register
2756:New York
2731:Archived
2571:20032015
1840:July 31,
1738:July 16,
1729:Archived
1621:al-Hawza
1587:Al-Hawza
1576:al-Hawza
1564:Al-Hawza
1185:Breakbot
640:Blantyre
536:de facto
477:Children
148:(acting)
4986:Figures
4925:General
4822:Wilkins
4732:Swenson
4727:Diekema
4712:Garrett
4697:Beaupre
4627:Belmont
4617:Davezac
4602:Davezac
4587:Everett
4493:interim
4359:Hussein
4354:al-Bakr
3935:at the
3811: (
3782:minutes
3673:Reuters
3488:NPR.org
2685:Vocativ
2664:May 11,
1597:cleric
1595:Shi'ite
1148:Florida
1136:Vermont
1124:ski run
1097:Vermont
1093:Grafton
1089:Chester
891:decrees
792:-based
586:at the
550:by the
471:
459:
455:
5346:Crisis
4867:Duggal
4842:Arnall
4812:Bremer
4802:Joseph
4762:Chapin
4757:Baruch
4747:Biddle
4742:Gordon
4682:Quinby
4677:Thayer
4662:Dayton
4657:Birney
4652:Gorham
4642:Rhodes
4632:Murphy
4622:Folsom
4612:Hughes
4597:Preble
4592:Hughes
4582:Eustis
4475:
4462:Rashid
4406:Bremer
4401:Garner
4372:
4325:
3867:, NPR
3860:C-SPAN
3760:
3752:
3678:May 2,
3494:May 2,
3467:May 2,
3445:May 2,
3313:May 2,
3281:May 2,
3105:May 2,
3079:May 2,
3053:May 7,
3009:May 2,
2986:May 2,
2960:May 2,
2934:May 2,
2908:May 2,
2569:
2498:May 2,
2445:May 2,
2419:May 2,
2393:May 2,
2367:May 2,
2341:May 2,
2159:
2098:May 2,
2068:May 2,
1968:
1934:
1906:May 2,
1884:May 2,
1862:May 2,
1799:
1447:(IAMB)
1344:Shiite
1210:debate
1112:Kindle
1065:Europe
1026:Memoir
783:WRC-TV
683:Norway
669:, and
663:Israel
644:Malawi
574:, and
445:Spouse
430:, U.S.
127:Deputy
4857:Broas
4837:Sobel
4807:Dyess
4792:Gould
4782:Tyler
4772:Young
4737:Emmet
4722:Tobin
4702:Bryce
4687:Newel
4647:Ewing
4567:Short
4457:Salih
4452:Masum
3526:(PDF)
3490:. NPR
3404:(PDF)
3365:(PDF)
3358:(PDF)
3307:(PDF)
3300:(PDF)
3154:(PDF)
3147:(PDF)
2904:. CNN
2567:JSTOR
2524:(PDF)
2517:(PDF)
2219:(PDF)
2212:(PDF)
2187:(PDF)
2180:(PDF)
2010:(PDF)
1993:(PDF)
1732:(PDF)
1721:(PDF)
1348:Sunni
1324:then-
1106:, on
893:were
868:Japan
671:Egypt
667:Syria
632:Kabul
469:)
461:(
457:
5404:and
4817:Shad
4777:Rice
4692:Hill
4667:Bell
4637:Pike
4275:List
3885:2006
3758:ISBN
3756:and
3750:ISBN
3680:2010
3654:2007
3627:2007
3605:2007
3583:2007
3557:2007
3496:2010
3469:2010
3447:2010
3425:link
3387:link
3373:2005
3341:2007
3315:2010
3283:2010
3261:2008
3235:2008
3162:2010
3107:2010
3081:2010
3055:2010
3011:2010
2988:2010
2962:2010
2936:2010
2910:2010
2867:2019
2823:2010
2793:2015
2714:2013
2666:2011
2637:2011
2597:2013
2500:2010
2478:2007
2447:2010
2421:2010
2395:2010
2369:2010
2343:2010
2321:2011
2281:2019
2227:2008
2195:2011
2157:ISBN
2129:2013
2100:2010
2088:Time
2070:2010
2044:2013
2018:2014
1966:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1908:2010
1886:2010
1864:2010
1842:2024
1797:ISBN
1773:2005
1740:2024
1530:Time
1091:and
1059:'s "
1048:spin
754:and
679:Oslo
540:Iraq
467:2019
408:Born
348:9th
243:6th
234:(as
100:Iraq
4228:as
4109:CIA
3858:on
2559:doi
1958:doi
1548:CPA
1164:.
1134:in
1130:at
1110:'s
1095:in
1040:of
866:in
808:by
771:CNN
516:CEP
506:MBA
98:of
5446::
4103:,
4020:,
3911:,
3901:,
3891:,
3780:30
3671:.
3644:.
3574:.
3543:.
3486:.
3421:}}
3417:{{
3383:}}
3379:{{
3128:.
3115:^
3071:.
3046:.
3019:^
2979:.
2953:.
2926:.
2858:.
2839:.
2809:.
2754:,
2737:,
2683:.
2645:^
2588:.
2565:.
2555:85
2553:.
2549:.
2464:.
2265:.
2243:.
2137:^
2120:.
2108:^
2086:.
2061:.
2035:.
2001:.
1995:.
1964:.
1833:.
1781:^
1757:.
1723:.
1369:.
1138:.
1018:.
959:.
916:.
882:.
847:.
758:.
739:.
693:.
681:,
665:,
642:,
634:,
590:.
570:,
496:BA
463:m.
420:)
5408:)
5400:(
4910:e
4903:t
4896:v
4529:e
4522:t
4515:v
4277:)
4273:(
4263:e
4256:t
4249:v
3828:)
3820:(
3815:)
3784:)
3777:(
3764:.
3682:.
3656:.
3629:.
3607:.
3585:.
3559:.
3528:.
3498:.
3471:.
3449:.
3427:)
3413:.
3389:)
3375:.
3343:.
3317:.
3285:.
3263:.
3237:.
3190:.
3164:.
3109:.
3083:.
3057:.
3013:.
2990:.
2964:.
2938:.
2912:.
2890:"
2879:"
2869:.
2825:.
2795:.
2716:.
2668:.
2639:.
2599:.
2573:.
2561::
2535:.
2533:.
2502:.
2480:.
2449:.
2423:.
2397:.
2371:.
2345:.
2323:.
2283:.
2229:.
2197:.
2165:.
2131:.
2102:.
2072:.
2046:.
2020:.
1974:.
1960::
1940:.
1910:.
1888:.
1866:.
1844:.
1805:.
1775:.
1742:.
1245:)
1239:(
1234:)
1230:(
1226:.
1212:.
518:)
514:(
508:)
504:(
498:)
494:(
480:2
416:(
238:)
221:)
57:)
53:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
