452:", but it did not prove effective. It was not until "Tales about Paul Bunyan, Vol. II" appeared that the campaign gained momentum. Laughead took many liberties with the original oral source material, embellishing older exploits and adding some of his own. Among other things, Laughead gave the name "Babe" to the blue ox, created the first pictorial representation of Bunyan, and increased Paul Bunyan's height to impossible proportions (in Laughead's version, Paul Bunyan towers over trees, while in the earlier folktales Bunyan had been extraordinarily tall and strong, but of human proportions).
60:
498:
684:", a literary invention passed off as an older folktale. They point out that the majority of books about Paul Bunyan are composed almost entirely of elements with no basis in folklore, especially those targeted at juvenile audiences. Modern commercial writers are credited with setting Paul Bunyan on his rise to a nationally recognized figure, but this ignores the historical roots of the character in logging camps and forest industries.
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Bunyan Finds A Wife", describes Paul's rescuing a lovely red-haired giant-lady who had been trapped underneath an avalanche after a great storm; the grateful maiden (fittingly named "Sylvia", after the Latin word for "forest") quickly falls in love with the kind and chivalrous "treetop-tall" bachelor, and marries him later that same day.
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Charles E. Brown was the curator of the Museum of the State
Historical Society of Wisconsin and secretary of the Wisconsin Archaeological Society. He was another principal researcher who recorded early Paul Bunyan stories from lumberjacks. He published these anecdotes in short pamphlet format for the
415:
and coauthored by her
English professor Homer A. Watt. The research relates traditional narratives, some in multiple versions, and goes on to conclude that many probably existed in some part before they were set to revolve around Bunyan as a central character. Stewart argued in her analysis that Paul
341:
followed up with a few sporadic editorials, such as "Paul Bunyan's Oxen", "In Paul Bunyan's Cook Shanty", and "Chronicle of Life and Works of Mr. Paul Bunyan". Rockwell's earlier story was one of the few to allude to Paul Bunyan's large stature, "eight feet tall and weighed 300 pounds", and introduce
477:
Later authors have invented tales of Paul Bunyan's finding a female giant as a spouse, such as in the tale "Paul Bunyan's Wife"; her first name is not revealed in the story, she is only referred to as "Mrs. Paul". The tale also mentions her having had a daughter nicknamed "Tiny". Another tale, "Paul
215:
loggers, and was later popularized by freelance writer
William B. Laughead (1882–1958) in a 1916 promotional pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company. He has been the subject of various literary compositions, musical pieces, commercial works, and theatrical productions. His likeness is displayed in
707:
Stewart and Watt acknowledge that they have not yet succeeded in definitively finding out whether Bunyan was based on an actual person or was wholly mythical. They have noted, however, that some of the older lumberjacks whom they interviewed claimed to have known him or members of his crew, and the
521:
Running at variance to his origins in folklore, the character of Paul Bunyan has become a fixture for juvenile audiences since his debut in print. Typical among such adaptations is the further embellishment of stories pulled directly from
William B. Laughead's pamphlet, and with very few elements
1327:
William
Laughead's 1916 ad campaign for the Red River Lumber Company launched Paul Bunyan toward national fame, and established his marketing appeal which continues into the 21st century. Throughout the better part of the 20th century, Paul Bunyan's name and image continued to be used to promote
296:, it reads, "Paul Bunion is getting ready while the water is high to take his drive out." This line was presumably an inside joke, as it appeared over fifteen years before any commercial use of the Paul Bunyan name. At the time, few of the general public would have known who Paul Bunyan was.
411:, was working contemporaneously with Laughead to gather Paul Bunyan stories from woodsmen in the Midwest. Stewart was able to make a scholarly anthology of original anecdotes through a series of interviews. These were published in 1916 as "Legends of Paul Bunyan, Lumberjack" in
330:, a giant camp, the winter of the blue snow, and stove skating. All four anecdotes are mirrored in J. E. Rockwell's "Some Lumberjack Myths" six years later, and James MacGillivray wrote on the subject of stove skating in "Round River" four years before that.
687:
At the same time, several authors have come forward to propose that the legend of Paul Bunyan was based on a real person. D. Laurence Rogers and others have suggested a possible connection between Paul Bunyan tales and the exploits of French-Canadian lumberjack
342:
his big blue ox, before
Laughead commercialized Paul Bunyan, although W. D. Harrigan referred to a giant pink ox in "Paul Bunyan's Oxen", circa 1914. In all the articles, Paul Bunyan is praised as a logger of great physical strength and unrivaled skill.
708:
supposed location of his grave was actually pointed out in northern
Minnesota. Bunyan's extreme gigantism was a later invention, and early stories either do not mention it or, as in the Stewart and Watt paper, refer to him as being about seven feet tall.
669:
2434:
Bill McBride in interview with Alan Lomax, "Dialogue on lumber camps and lumberjack ballads; Paul Bunyan discussion, tale: The Round River Drive," Mount
Pleasant, Michigan, August 22, 1938, (Field Recording) *Paul Bunyan discussion begins at
1328:
various products, cities, and services. Across North
America, giant statues of Paul Bunyan were erected to promote local businesses and tourism. A significant portion of these were produced from the 1960s through the 1970s by the company
447:
In 1916, advertising copywriter
William B. Laughead wrote an advertising pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company using the Paul Bunyan folk character. Laughead's first endeavor was a pamphlet entitled "Introducing Mr. Paul Bunyan of
439:. Edmonds concluded that Paul Bunyan had origins in the oral traditions of woodsmen working in Wisconsin camps during the turn of the 20th century, but such stories were heavily embellished and popularized by commercial interests.
321:
was so long that when the cook wanted to grease it up for the purpose of baking the wheat cakes in the morning, they strapped two large hams to his feet and started him running up and down a half mile of black glistening stove
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that Paul Bunyan stories circulated for at least thirty years before finding their way into print. In contrast to the lengthy narratives abundant in published material, Paul Bunyan "stories" when told in the lumbercamp
481:
This burial of the original material under stories by commercial writers engendered confusion over whether Bunyan had ever even been a genuine folkloric character at all, although later research has established this.
463:(which has a shape somewhat resembling a giant footprint when viewed from above). Later authors, and possibly tourist agents, would add other geographic features to those Paul Bunyan was supposed to have created.
640:. Contrary to the usual image of Bunyan's gigantism, Platt's Paul is depicted as a man of average height, but compensated with a "larger than life" personality consistent with the film's "over the top" nature.
522:
from oral tradition adapted into them. Nearly all of the literature is presented in long narrative format, exaggerates Paul Bunyan's height to colossal proportions, and follows him from infancy to adulthood.
379:
In the story, when Paul Bunyan came to log the forests of Northern Minnesota, Nanabozho fought him in defense of the forest. They fought for three days; Nanabozho finally slapped Bunyan with a giant
2445:
Martin Mustig (phonetic spelling) in interview with Alan Lomax, "Oh When; Paul Bunyan stories," Traverse City, Michigan, September 3, 1938, (Field Recording) *Paul Bunyan discussion begins at 2:47
2450:
Perry Allen and Carl Lathrop in interview with Alan Lomax, "Wild Mustard River; Paul Bunyan tales," Saint Louis, Michigan, August 22, 1938, (Field Recording) *Paul Bunyan discussion begins at 3:03
455:
Laughead attributes the creation of several American landscapes, landmarks and natural wonders to Paul Bunyan. He wrote that Paul Bunyan and Babe are said to have created the 10,000 lakes of
643:
In 2007, Marybeth Lorbiekci and Renée Graef married Paul to Lucette Diana Kensack, a giant Meti woman who teaches Paul to be a forester, replanting the forest after logging, in
2440:
Bill McBride in interview with Alan Lomax, "Paul Bunyan tale: The Round River Drive, cont.; Roving Lumberjack," Mount Pleasant, Michigan, August 22, 1938, (Field Recording)
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His pet joke and the one with which the green horn at the camp is sure to be tried, consists of a series of imaginative tales about the year Paul Bunyan lumbered in
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Bunyan was a powerful giant, seven feet tall and with a stride of seven feet. He was famous throughout the lumbering districts for his great physical strength.
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3333:
3323:
3383:
3318:
2524:
251:, referring to a large lump or swelling. Several researchers have attempted to trace Paul Bunyan to the character of Bon Jean of French Canadian folklore.
1586:, Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, vol. 18/II, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, pp. 639–651
1486:
611:
313:. The great Paul is represented as getting out countless millions of timber in the year of the "blue snow". The men's shanty in his camp covered a half
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as an animated short musical. In it, Paul competes with his axe in a tree-chopping contest against a steam-powered mechanical saw. The feature starred
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In 2007, Michael Edmonds of the Wisconsin Historical Society began a thorough reinvestigation of the Paul Bunyan tradition, publishing his findings in
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Included in this section is a comparison chart between early Paul Bunyan references, the Stewart and Watt paper, and the Laughead advertisement.
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were presented in short fragments. Some of these stories include motifs from older folktales, such as absurdly severe weather and
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1763:. With illustrations by Coert Du Bois and Latin classifications by George B. Sudworth. Washington, DC: Judd & Detweiler Inc.
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35:
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283:. Parallels in early printings support the view that at least a handful of Bunyan stories hold a common origin in folklore.
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589:
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use of students of folklore. Much of his research was financed through the government-funded Wisconsin Writers' Program.
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by their footprints. Later writers made up more details and exploits, such as the creation of bodies of water including
39:
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3308:
1942:"Cultural Sovereignty and Native American Hermeneutics in the Interpretation of the Sacred Stories of the Anishinaabe"
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510:
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Rather than simply being abnormally tall, Paul Bunyan's height is increased beyond all possible human capacity.
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229:
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408:
31:
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in Minnesota. Many cities through which the trail passes sell Paul Bunyan trinkets and novelty items. The
317:, and the mess camp was a stupendous affair. The range on which an army of cookees prepared the beans and
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2467:"Tall Timber Tales" (An Archive of Early Paul Bunyan Printings from 1904 to 1924). Paul Bunyan Fine Art.
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Legendary Landscapes: A Cultural Geography of the Paul Bunyan and Blue Ox Phenomena of the Northwoods
1340:
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109:
104:
240:" expressing surprise or astonishment. The English surname Bunyan is derived from the same root as "
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3251:
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1999:
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1320:
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301:
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94:
2219:, archive description at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries (retrieved October 11, 2015)
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509:. Typical among juvenile accounts, the cartoon features Paul Bunyan batting cannonballs in the
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2016:
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A Catalog of Bunyans: Roadside statues and other tributes to the Great Tree-Biter, Paul Bunyan
1551:
1487:"6 Towns That Claim Paul Bunyan as Their Own (and What They Should Be Bragging About Instead)"
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Since 2014 a paved biking trail bears the name "Paul Bunyan Trail" and spans 120 miles, from
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114:
2278:"MyBayCity.com Bay City's Roots in the Paul Bunyan Tales To Be Subject of Documentary Film"
286:
The first known reference of Paul Bunyan in print appeared in the March 17, 1893, issue of
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2105:"Discover Paul Bunyan, the Larger-than-Life Lumberjack, in Minnesota: Explore Minnesota"
17:
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The statue of Paul Bunyan located in Bangor, Maine is regularly mentioned in the novel
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2405:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 153, 332, 570, 585, 591, 594, 759, 1064, 1112, 1148.
426:— K. Bernice Stewart & Homer A. Watt, "Legends of Paul Bunyan, Lumberjack"
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391:. This is responsible for the lake's distinctive shape and the preservation of the
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692:(1845–1875). From 1865 to 1875, Fournier worked for the H. M. Loud Company in the
627:, is an animated three-part anthology. The third part is the tale of Paul Bunyan.
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The earliest recorded story of Paul Bunyan is an uncredited 1904 editorial in the
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2197:"Legend Says Paul Bunyan Created The Grand Canyon By Dragging His Axe Behind Him"
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statues. The Bemidji statues of Paul Bunyan and Babe, the blue ox, appear in the
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In Harrigan's account Paul Bunyon is said to have a pink ox named "Old Brinny".
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In Rockwell's version it was beans and not peas that were spilled in the lake.
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2087:"MN Bike Trail - Paul Bunyan Trail - Minnesota Biking - Brainerd - Bemidji"
485:
The Laughead pamphlets remain popular, collected in a single volume titled
1957:
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named Paul Bon Jean, and this is occasionally repeated in other accounts.
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Commentators such as Carleton C. Ames, Marshall Fitwick, and particularly
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161:
3167:
Axe Giant: The Wrath of Paul Bunyan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
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1965:
1941:
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259:
2153:"Tall Tales of Paul Bunyan & Babe The Blue Ox - Bemidji Minnesota"
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makes another unverified claim that Paul Bunyan was a soldier in the
581:(1947) was the first book published by the prolific tall tale writer
361:
241:
2502:
2339:
2086:
1981:"The Untold Ojibwe Story of The Alleged Michigan-Based Paul Bunyan"
1738:
413:
Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters
326:
Each of these elements recurs in later accounts, including logging
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667:
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349:
258:
177:
139:
2491:
Illustrations by Rockwell Kent. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1941.
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1821:, Duluth, Missouri, archived from the original on March 31, 2012
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Paul Bunyan (49 foot) and Babe the Blue Ox (35 foot) statues at
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650:
In 2017, an animated film based loosely on the folktale titled
3085:
2258:
written by Marybeth Lorbiecki and illustrated by Renée Graef,
2183:"Lake Bemidji Webcam :Paul Bunyan Communications → right here"
2123:"Paul Bunyan & Babe The Blue Ox | Bemidji MN History"
207:, his pet and working animal. The character originated in the
2377:"Why 'genocide'?: Graffiti on Bemidji landmark sparks debate"
232:
origin for the name. Phonetically, Bunyan is similar to the
333:
MacGillivray's account, somewhat extended, reappeared in
224:
There are many hypotheses about the etymology of the name
525:
Some of the more enduring collections of stories include
1725:
Gartenberg, Max (1949), "Paul Bunyan and Little John",
2472:
Inventory of the William B. Laughead Papers, 1897-1958
30:"Babe the Blue Ox" redirects here. For the band, see
2157:
Visit Bemidji MN - The First City on the Mississippi
2127:
Visit Bemidji MN - The First City on the Mississippi
2001:
Folklore and folktales collected by Charles E. Brown
1617:
Out of the Northwoods: The Many Lives of Paul Bunyan
466:
Stories about Bunyan credited him with creating the
437:
Out of the Northwoods: The Many Lives of Paul Bunyan
272:
Out of the Northwoods: The Many Lives of Paul Bunyan
216:
a number of oversized statues across North America.
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1323:. Note the size of the visitors at Babe's hooves.
292:. Under the local news section for the area of
1880:
1878:
419:
416:Bunyan belongs to a class of traveler's tales.
307:
2356:. Bemidji, Minnesota: Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon
3101:
2518:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1952:(2). University of Minnesota Press: 127–134.
1372:His statue is also briefly shown in the film
203:labors, and he is customarily accompanied by
34:. For the statues in Bemidji, Minnesota, see
8:
2034:
2032:
1909:
1907:
1851:
1849:
575:, an imprint of The George Macy Companies.
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2503:
2021:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
715:Overlap of early Paul Bunyan Preprintings
612:Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film
58:
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1606:
1604:
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1600:
1575:
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1569:
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1548:Paul Bunyan, Superhero of the Lumberjacks
1546:Robins, John (1982). Fowke, Edith (ed.).
1336:" series of giant fiberglass sculptures.
513:, sinking pirate ships, and building the
1665:
1663:
1454:Statue of Paul Bunyan (Portland, Oregon)
1404:, said to be the younger brother of Paul
1310:
713:
387:in the mud, the imprint of which formed
360:The figure of Bunyan was adapted by the
270:Michael Edmonds states in his 2009 book
1885:MacGillivray, James (August 10, 1906),
1580:Stewart, K. B.; Watt, Homer A. (1916),
1477:
1264:
561:The Wonderful Adventures of Paul Bunyan
265:Paul Bunyan statue (Bemidji, Minnesota)
3329:Fictional characters from North Dakota
2320:. Forest History Society. May 26, 2009
2014:
1831:
1631:
1629:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
228:. Much of the commentary focuses on a
49:
2375:Bowen, Joseph T. (January 11, 2019).
2302:Stevens, James; Lewis, Allen (1925),
2069:"11 Landmarks "Built" by Paul Bunyan"
2042:The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan
1761:Fearsome Creatures of the Lumberwoods
1703:, RoadsideAmerica.com, archived from
1692:
1690:
696:area. James Stevens in his 1925 book
602:, perhaps best known as the voice of
555:The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan
487:The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan
407:K. Bernice Stewart, a student at the
397:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
27:Giant lumberjack in American folklore
7:
1979:Frankhouse, Mark (January 9, 2023).
1485:Smith, Benjamin (January 19, 2012).
3334:Fictional characters from Wisconsin
3324:Fictional characters from Minnesota
3140:Axe Giant: The Wrath of Paul Bunyan
2045:, Minneapolis: Red River Lumber Co.
680:cite Paul Bunyan as an example of "
474:by putting stones on his campfire.
3384:People whose existence is disputed
3319:Fictional characters from Michigan
1583:Legends of Paul Bunyan, Lumberjack
470:by pulling his ax behind him, and
25:
2474:, Forest History Society Archives
2462:"Tall Tales" from PaulBunyan.org.
1914:Harrigan, W. D. (June 13, 1914),
1856:Rockwell, J. E. (February 1910),
1642:The Peculiar Birth of Paul Bunyan
1432:, including Operation Paul Bunyan
1351:(started in 2013) runs along the
551:Paul Bunyan and His Great Blue Ox
3199:Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox
2849:Ghosts of the American Civil War
1727:The Journal of American Folklore
1361:Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox
1250:
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830:
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795:
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765:
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36:Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox
3314:Fictional characters from Maine
1998:Brown, Charles E. (1921–1945),
3349:Heroes in mythology and legend
3246:Paul Bunyan in popular culture
1697:Roadside America Team (2005),
1307:Paul Bunyan in popular culture
383:. Bunyan was knocked onto his
1:
2495:available free online at the
2318:"Tall Tales and Lumber Sales"
2039:Laughead, William B. (1922),
1789:. Gladwin, MI. March 17, 1893
1550:. Toronto: NC Press Limited.
690:Fabian "Saginaw Joe" Fournier
2925:Mercy Brown vampire incident
1811:Anonymous (August 4, 1904),
1637:Wisconsin Historical Society
1621:Wisconsin Historical Society
1521:Wisconsin Historical Society
40:Paul Bunyan (disambiguation)
3229:Ol' Paul, the Mighty Logger
2215:September 13, 2015, at the
1940:Gross, Lawrence W. (2003).
636:, Paul Bunyan is played by
624:The Magical World of Disney
610:, and was nominated for an
492:
364:people into folklore about
3410:
2478:"The Birth of Paul Bunyan"
2354:"Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon"
2340:"Paul Bunyan Trail System"
1436:Paul Bunyan's Axe (trophy)
1430:Korean axe murder incident
1304:
1196:
1131:
1066:
1001:
936:
871:
806:
741:
553:by Wallace Wadsworth, and
543:Paul Bunyan Swings His Axe
511:American Revolutionary War
29:
3289:Legendary American people
2995:Alfred Bulltop Stormalong
2910:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
1838:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1787:The Gladwin County Record
1731:American Folklore Society
1676:, Kansas State University
1615:Edmonds, Michael (2009),
1409:Disney's American Legends
1261:
571:was published in 1945 by
442:
57:
3268:Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon
2282:MyBayCity.com Click Here
2256:Paul Bunyan's Sweetheart
2210:Harold W. Felton, Papers
2109:www.exploreminnesota.com
1759:Cox, William T. (1910).
1670:Hartly, John P. (2007),
1349:Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon
1330:International Fiberglass
1002:Winter of the Blue Snow
645:Paul Bunyan's Sweetheart
630:In the 1995 Disney film
393:Chippewa National Forest
18:Paul Bunyan (lumberjack)
3374:North Dakota in fiction
2915:Lost Ship of the Desert
2497:Internet Public Library
2306:, New York: A. A. Knopf
1858:"Some Lumberjack Myths"
1353:Paul Bunyan State Trail
1345:Lake Bemidji State Park
656:was released, starring
515:Big Rock Candy Mountain
409:University of Wisconsin
123:In-universe information
32:Babe the Blue Ox (band)
3193:Statues of Paul Bunyan
2905:Goatman (urban legend)
2482:Forest History Society
2401:King, Stephen (2019).
2342:. PaulBunyanTrail.com.
2276:MMCC (July 21, 2004).
1324:
673:
579:Legends of Paul Bunyan
545:by Dell J. McCormick,
518:
501:A still from the 1960
493:Children's adaptations
423:
357:
339:The American Lumberman
335:The American Lumberman
324:
267:
64:Paul Bunyan statue in
38:. For other uses, see
3344:Fictional lumberjacks
1958:10.1353/wic.2003.0014
1425:John Henry (folklore)
1314:
671:
621:", a 1963 episode of
557:by William Laughead.
500:
353:
289:Gladwin County Record
262:
3394:Wisconsin in fiction
3369:Minnesota in fiction
2988:Literary folk heroes
2935:Seven Cities of Gold
1916:"Paul Bunyan's Oxen"
1707:on November 28, 2014
1341:Crow Wing State Park
1132:Logging the Dakotas
664:Debated authenticity
549:by Esther Shephard,
450:Westwood, California
443:Laughead's influence
355:Red Lake (Minnesota)
110:Manistique, Michigan
105:Halifax, Nova Scotia
3359:Michigan in fiction
3252:Simpsons Tall Tales
2163:on February 9, 2018
2133:on February 9, 2018
1818:Duluth News Tribune
1813:"Caught on the Run"
1649:on October 10, 2013
1369:television series.
1321:Klamath, California
1197:Creating Geography
734:Stewart & Watt
716:
608:The Kellogg Company
590:Walt Disney Studios
569:Everett Gee Jackson
567:and illustrated by
389:Red Lake, Minnesota
302:Duluth News Tribune
199:revolve around his
95:Brainerd, Minnesota
47:Fictional character
3364:Minnesota folklore
3309:Cascadian folklore
3263:Paul Bunyan Trophy
2639:Theodore Roosevelt
1920:American Lumberman
1893:, Oscoda, Michigan
1864:, pp. 157–160
1449:Paul Bunyan Trophy
1332:as part of their "
1325:
1301:In popular culture
714:
702:Papineau Rebellion
694:Grayling, Michigan
674:
573:The Heritage Press
541:by James Stevens,
519:
403:Scholarly research
372:of the Ojibwe and
358:
268:
85:Hayward, Wisconsin
80:Bemidji, Minnesota
3304:Canadian folklore
3299:American folklore
3276:
3275:
3258:Paul Bunyan's Axe
3083:
3082:
2900:Fountain of Youth
2733:Fur-bearing trout
2690:Fearsome critters
2653:Idiomatic figures
2534:American folklore
2487:Esther Shephard.
2412:978-1-9821-2779-4
2091:Paul Bunyan Trail
1639:(July 29, 2007),
1415:Fearsome critters
1387:by Stephen King.
1298:
1297:
600:Thurl Ravenscroft
281:fearsome critters
193:Canadian folklore
171:
170:
90:Akeley, Minnesota
76:Various claimed:
16:(Redirected from
3401:
3354:Maine in fiction
3339:Fictional giants
3294:American loggers
3212:Paul Bunyan Land
3205:Portland, Oregon
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3025:Febold Feboldson
3010:Casey at the Bat
3005:Brother Jonathan
2895:Confederate gold
2574:Johnny Appleseed
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2428:Field recordings
2417:
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2201:
2200:
2199:. June 28, 2017.
2193:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2159:. Archived from
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2129:. Archived from
2119:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2075:. June 21, 2013.
2065:
2054:
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2036:
2027:
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2020:
2012:
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2009:
1995:
1989:
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1946:Wicazo Sa Review
1937:
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1927:
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1862:The Outer’s Book
1853:
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1808:
1799:
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1317:Trees of Mystery
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717:
672:Fournier in 1865
660:as Paul Bunyan.
619:Three Tall Tales
565:Louis Untermeyer
533:(illustrated by
427:
305:which recounts:
255:Early references
205:Babe the Blue Ox
115:Oscoda, Michigan
62:
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3075:Windwagon Smith
3000:Annie Christmas
2983:
2974:Flying Africans
2960:
2873:
2854:Lincoln's ghost
2832:
2793:Sidehill gouger
2708:Ball-tailed cat
2703:Axehandle hound
2684:
2648:
2644:Ola Värmlänning
2562:
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653:Bunyan and Babe
531:Esther Shephard
495:
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230:French-Canadian
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158:French-Canadian
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3065:Rip Van Winkle
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2484:, October 1972
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742:Stove Skating
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678:Richard Dorson
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604:Tony the Tiger
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3015:Cordwood Pete
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2624:Calamity Jane
2622:
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2607:
2605:
2604:Davy Crockett
2602:
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2283:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:1-58536-289-1
2261:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2241:September 24,
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2097:
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2082:
2079:
2074:
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2062:
2060:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2004:, Madison, WI
2003:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1892:
1888:
1887:"Round River"
1881:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1859:
1852:
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1846:
1841:
1835:
1820:
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1559:
1557:0-919601-63-4
1553:
1549:
1542:
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1528:
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1498:September 16,
1494:
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1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:Cordwood Pete
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1359:and past the
1358:
1354:
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1318:
1313:
1308:
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1249:
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1219:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
1000:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
935:
924:
914:
904:
894:
884:
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870:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
805:
794:
784:
774:
764:
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744:
740:
736:
733:
730:
728:MacGillivray
727:
724:
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605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
586:
584:
583:Harold Felton
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:as retold by
562:
558:
556:
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548:
544:
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536:
535:Rockwell Kent
532:
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108:
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100:Bangor, Maine
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
75:
71:
67:
66:Bangor, Maine
61:
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3227:
3197:
3173:
3170:(soundtrack)
3165:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3116:
2798:Snallygaster
2783:Jersey Devil
2665:Cooter Brown
2598:
2589:Br'er Rabbit
2584:Daniel Boone
2489:Paul Bunyan.
2488:
2455:
2454:
2427:
2426:
2402:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2348:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2297:
2287:November 23,
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2271:
2255:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2205:
2191:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2047:, retrieved
2041:
2006:, retrieved
2000:
1993:
1984:
1974:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1924:, retrieved
1922:, p. 30
1919:
1895:, retrieved
1890:
1866:, retrieved
1861:
1823:, retrieved
1816:
1791:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1760:
1754:
1726:
1720:
1709:, retrieved
1705:the original
1699:
1678:, retrieved
1672:
1653:November 22,
1651:, retrieved
1647:the original
1641:
1616:
1588:, retrieved
1582:
1547:
1541:
1530:, retrieved
1525:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:Mental Floss
1490:
1480:
1464:
1441:
1407:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1357:Lake Bemidji
1338:
1326:
1285:
1276:
1267:
722:Duluth News
710:
706:
697:
686:
675:
658:John Goodman
651:
649:
644:
642:
638:Oliver Platt
631:
629:
622:
616:
593:
587:
578:
577:
560:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
526:
524:
520:
506:
486:
484:
480:
476:
468:Grand Canyon
465:
461:Lake Bemidji
454:
446:
436:
434:
430:
424:
420:
412:
406:
378:
370:culture hero
359:
346:Native story
338:
334:
332:
325:
311:North Dakota
308:
300:
298:
288:
285:
271:
269:
248:
237:
236:expression "
225:
223:
204:
173:
172:
44:
3379:Paul Bunyan
3175:Paul Bunyan
3132:Paul Bunyan
3117:Paul Bunyan
3070:Tony Beaver
3045:Kemp Morgan
3035:Joe Magarac
2979:Uncle Remus
2813:Splintercat
2788:Joint snake
2748:Goofus bird
2660:Average Joe
2629:Casey Jones
2599:Paul Bunyan
2594:Jim Bridger
2579:Elfego Baca
2567:Folk heroes
2304:Paul Bunyan
2230:"IMDB link"
2167:February 9,
2137:February 9,
1783:"Beaverton"
1733:: 416–422,
1526:Paul Bunyan
1442:Paul Bunyan
1420:Joe Magarac
1378:from 1996.
1334:muffler man
872:Giant Camp
698:Paul Bunyan
595:Paul Bunyan
547:Paul Bunyan
539:Paul Bunyan
527:Paul Bunyan
507:Paul Bunyan
503:Mel-O-Toons
374:Anishinaabe
328:the Dakotas
319:"red horse"
226:Paul Bunyan
174:Paul Bunyan
154:Nationality
131:Paul Bunyan
53:Paul Bunyan
3389:Tall tales
3283:Categories
3221:Literature
3178:(operetta)
3060:Pecos Bill
3040:Johnny Kaw
3020:Evangeline
2869:White Lady
2859:La Llorona
2844:Bell Witch
2828:Wampus cat
2823:Teakettler
2808:Snow snake
2768:Hoop snake
2758:Hidebehind
2738:Gillygaloo
2718:Cactus cat
2698:Agropelter
2619:John Henry
2553:California
1473:References
1444:(operetta)
937:Gigantism
472:Mount Hood
277:bunkhouses
263:The first
246:Old French
238:bon yenne!
201:superhuman
197:tall tales
181:lumberjack
149:Lumberjack
146:Occupation
73:Birthplace
2864:Red Ghost
2778:Jackalope
2743:Glawackus
2680:Uncle Sam
2609:Mike Fink
2493:Full text
2386:March 23,
1891:The Press
1793:April 25,
1769:551649247
1590:April 30,
1465:Tall Tale
1459:Tall tale
1355:, around
737:Laughead
731:Harrigan
725:Rockwell
633:Tall Tale
592:produced
588:In 1958,
457:Minnesota
366:Nanabozho
337:in 1910.
294:Beaverton
244:" in the
234:Québécois
220:Etymology
185:folk hero
128:Full name
3055:Ole Pete
2954:Vaqueros
2945:Westerns
2920:Madstone
2753:Gumberoo
2675:Sam Hide
2614:Geronimo
2558:Salishan
2360:June 10,
2324:March 1,
2213:Archived
2017:citation
1834:citation
1711:June 28,
1523:(n.d.),
1391:See also
1067:Blue Ox
682:fakelore
505:cartoon
385:buttocks
189:American
166:American
162:Canadian
3239:Related
2966:African
2950:Cowboys
2940:Tailypo
2930:Mothman
2878:Legends
1966:1409540
1532:May 25,
381:walleye
315:section
136:Species
3151:(2017)
3143:(2013)
3135:(1958)
2837:Ghosts
2818:Squonk
2548:Alaska
2541:Native
2409:
2262:
2049:May 6,
2008:May 2,
1964:
1926:May 6,
1897:May 6,
1868:May 6,
1825:May 6,
1767:
1747:536582
1745:
1680:May 5,
1554:
1467:(film)
362:Ojibwe
242:bunion
195:. His
3159:Music
2803:Snipe
2773:Hugag
2763:Hodag
2723:Champ
1962:JSTOR
1743:JSTOR
1375:Fargo
1366:Fargo
1319:near
249:bugne
178:giant
176:is a
140:Giant
3124:Film
2435:7:04
2407:ISBN
2388:2021
2362:2020
2326:2021
2289:2020
2260:ISBN
2243:2021
2235:IMDb
2169:2018
2139:2018
2051:2014
2023:link
2010:2014
1985:WRKR
1928:2014
1899:2014
1870:2014
1840:link
1827:2014
1795:2020
1765:OCLC
1713:2011
1682:2014
1655:2011
1592:2014
1552:ISBN
1534:2014
1500:2014
606:for
395:and
368:, a
322:top.
191:and
183:and
3186:Art
1954:doi
1735:doi
1343:to
537:),
529:by
211:of
187:in
3285::
2480:,
2403:It
2379:.
2280:.
2232:.
2155:.
2125:.
2107:.
2089:.
2071:.
2058:^
2031:^
2019:}}
2015:{{
1983:.
1960:.
1950:18
1948:.
1944:.
1918:,
1906:^
1889:,
1877:^
1860:,
1848:^
1836:}}
1832:{{
1815:,
1803:^
1785:.
1741:,
1689:^
1662:^
1628:^
1599:^
1566:^
1508:^
1489:.
1384:It
647:.
614:.
585:.
489:.
399:.
376:.
3254:"
3250:"
3109:e
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3095:v
2952:/
2526:e
2519:t
2512:v
2499:.
2415:.
2390:.
2364:.
2328:.
2291:.
2266:.
2245:.
2185:.
2171:.
2141:.
2111:.
2093:.
2025:)
1987:.
1968:.
1956::
1842:)
1797:.
1771:.
1737::
1560:.
1502:.
1256:Y
1246:N
1236:N
1226:N
1216:N
1206:N
1191:Y
1181:N
1171:N
1161:N
1151:Y
1141:Y
1126:Y
1116:Y
1106:Y
1096:N
1086:Y
1076:N
1061:Y
1051:Y
1041:N
1031:N
1021:Y
1011:Y
996:Y
986:Y
976:N
966:N
956:Y
946:N
931:Y
921:N
911:Y
901:N
891:Y
881:Y
866:Y
856:Y
846:N
836:Y
826:Y
816:N
801:Y
791:Y
781:Y
771:Y
761:Y
751:Y
617:"
517:.
164:/
160:/
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
