218:
Also in 1987, Grant became the manager of the group at IBM devoted to research on exotic new materials, including superconductors. When high-Tc cuprate superconductors were discovered at IBM Zurich that same year, Paul became the driving force behind the work at IBM Research - Almaden in this hot new
240:
In 2004, he started his own consulting business. Grant has long been an advocate for commercial applications of superconductivity. He was a popular science writer and has been prolific author of scientific papers and patents. Grant was a member of the
Storage Interest Group at the
259:
In 2000, a patent dispute over the invention of YBCO (see above) dating back to March 1987 was finally resolved. The dispute was between IBM's
Almaden Research Center, the US Naval Research Laboratory, the University of Houston, and Bell Labs. Ultimately,
200:(YBCO) and found it to exhibit superconductivity at temperatures as high as 90 K. This patent application provided some of first evidence that superconductivity could be supported at temperatures above the boiling point of
428:
393:
A. Malozemoff et al., "Superconductivity at IBM - a
Centennial Review: Part II – Materials and Physics", IEEE/CSC & ESAS European Superconductivity News Forum, No. 20, July 2012
776:
181:
computer defense system. He was able to take advantage of IBM's educational leave-of-absence program to obtain a BS degree from
Clarkson and a Ph.D. from Harvard.
781:
392:
771:
354:
Grant, P. M.; Beyers, R. B.; Engler, E. M.; Lim, G.; Parkin, S. S. P.; Ramirez, M. L.; Lee, V. Y.; Nazzal, A.; Vazquez, J. E.; Savoy, R. J. (1987).
223:
273:
126:
165:
to exhibit superconductivity above the boiling point of
Nitrogen. He was a co-author of IBM's US patent application covering their preparation.
533:
264:. prevailed and was granted the US patent based on priority date (date of invention rather than the current criterion of date of filing)
786:
791:
277:
131:
234:
178:
31:
320:, Mexico with his wife Maru Grant. He enjoyed skiing, traveling, reading and 70s rock music. He passed away on December 20, 2023.
577:
219:
area. IBM Almaden made many important discoveries related to these cuprate superconductors, with Grant involved on most of them.
497:
162:
544:
806:
215:, were able to show the relative ease with which high temperature superconductors could be fabricated and demonstrated.
197:
158:
193:
649:
276:
in 1998 "For contributions to the fields of organic conductors and high temperature superconductivity". He became a
157:
was an
American/Irish physicist and science writer who was involved in discovering and elucidating the structure of
672:
Tony Feder, "Bell Labs Wins Long-Running Patent Battle over High-Tc
Superconductor", Physics Today 53, 4, 56 (2000)
222:
From 1990 to 1993, Grant was a "visiting faculty researcher" at the
Instituto de Investigationes Materiales (IIM),
753:
628:
P. Grant, C. Starr, T. Overbye, "A power grid for the hydrogen economy", Scientific
American, pp. 77-83, July 2006
298:
Grant was a prolific science writer, for both professional and popular audiences. He wrote multiple articles and
284:
138:
403:
638:
211:
In 1987–88, with guidance from Grant, his 8th-grade daughter, Heidi, and then subsequently a science class at
242:
801:
356:"Superconductivity above 90 K in the compound YBa2Cu3Ox: Structural, transport, and magnetic properties"
486:
796:
742:
249:
144:
85:
731:
404:
Canadian Patent CA1341623C refers to US provisional patent application US2465387A filed 1987-03-11
714:
610:
534:
M. Browne, "Superconductivity Moves From the
Laboratory to the Classroom" NY Times, Jan. 12, 1988
469:
355:
212:
189:
89:
555:
706:
671:
461:
375:
226:(UNAM), where he carried out numerical studies on the properties of rare earth copper oxides.
508:
696:
602:
453:
367:
304:
185:
765:
660:
590:
627:
614:
441:
718:
473:
174:
54:
523:
P. Grant, "Do-it-yourself superconductors", New Scientist, pp. 36-38 30 July 1987
578:
P. Grant, "Hydrogen lifts off — with a heavy load", Nature Vol. 424, 10 July 2003
522:
196:. At IBM, Grant was among the team researching superconductivity in the material
743:
APS Newsletter Fall 2013 "Paul Grant chosen as the 2014 Distinguished Lecturer"
566:
371:
261:
205:
710:
465:
661:
Storage Interest Group, Computer History Museum, Mountain View, California
379:
201:
30:
556:
Physics World video, "Where next for superconductivity", 6th Apr. 2011
701:
684:
457:
417:
317:
230:
73:
606:
509:
US Patent 3016507, "Thin film magneto resistance device" 1962-01-09
248:
From 2005 to 2008, he was a visiting scholar in applied physics at
111:
290:
Grant was also one of Clarkson University's "Notable Knights".
184:
In 1957, he filed a patent that is cited as a precursor to the
107:
339:
287:
Distinguished Lecturer on the Applications of Physics.
119:
103:
95:
81:
62:
40:
21:
302:commentaries on a range of topics for the journal
518:
516:
498:IBM Kingston News, Vol. 5, No. 21, May 25, 1960
8:
487:Computer History Museum: SAGE Defense System
177:, NY in 1953 working as a technician on the
29:
18:
700:
429:Clarkson University Biography: Paul Grant
335:
333:
777:Fellows of the American Physical Society
685:"Bell Labs win superconductivity patent"
349:
347:
224:National Autonomous University of Mexico
329:
274:Fellow of the American Physical Society
229:From 1993 to 2004, Grant was a Science
127:Fellow of the American Physical Society
413:
411:
7:
782:Fellows of the Institute of Physics
754:Clarkson University Notable Knights
650:Paul Grant publications and patents
278:Fellow of the Institute of Physics
132:Fellow of the Institute of Physics
14:
235:Electric Power Research Institute
161:which was important as the first
772:20th-century American physicists
567:P. Grant, "The Energy Supergrid"
280:, United Kingdom, in Nov 2004.
163:high temperature superconductor
1:
283:In 2013, Grant was chosen as
639:Google Citations: Paul Grant
545:IBM Research Blog, June 2011
442:"Rehearsals for prime time"
198:Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide
159:Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide
823:
787:Clarkson University alumni
418:W2AGZ Paul Grant biography
316:In 2021, Grant retired to
792:Harvard University alumni
683:MacIlwain, Colin (2000).
285:American Physical Society
188:head used universally in
139:American Physical Society
99:Physicist, Science-Writer
28:
16:Physicist, Science-Writer
372:10.1103/PhysRevB.35.7242
137:Distinguished Lecturer,
589:Grant, Paul M. (2002).
243:Computer History Museum
192:. In 1965, he moved to
272:Grant became a Senior
268:Recognition and awards
194:IBM Research – Almaden
807:Rare earth scientists
440:Grant, Paul (2001).
250:Stanford University
145:Clarkson University
86:Clarkson University
732:APS Fellow Archive
213:Gilroy High School
190:magnetic recording
155:Paul Michael Grant
90:Harvard University
695:(6766): 121–122.
601:(6917): 743–744.
452:(6837): 532–533.
366:(13): 7242–7244.
360:Physical Review B
173:Grant joined IBM
152:
151:
143:"Notable Knight,
66:December 20, 2023
814:
756:
751:
745:
740:
734:
729:
723:
722:
704:
702:10.1038/35003008
680:
674:
669:
663:
658:
652:
647:
641:
636:
630:
625:
619:
618:
591:"London calling"
586:
580:
575:
569:
564:
558:
553:
547:
542:
536:
531:
525:
520:
511:
506:
500:
495:
489:
484:
478:
477:
458:10.1038/35079212
437:
431:
426:
420:
415:
406:
401:
395:
390:
384:
383:
351:
342:
337:
186:magnetoresistive
134:, United Kingdom
69:
50:
48:
33:
19:
822:
821:
817:
816:
815:
813:
812:
811:
762:
761:
760:
759:
752:
748:
741:
737:
730:
726:
682:
681:
677:
670:
666:
659:
655:
648:
644:
637:
633:
626:
622:
607:10.1038/420743a
588:
587:
583:
576:
572:
565:
561:
554:
550:
543:
539:
532:
528:
521:
514:
507:
503:
496:
492:
485:
481:
439:
438:
434:
427:
423:
416:
409:
402:
398:
391:
387:
353:
352:
345:
338:
331:
326:
314:
296:
294:Science Writing
270:
257:
171:
115:
82:Alma mater
77:
71:
67:
58:
57:, New York, USA
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
820:
818:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
764:
763:
758:
757:
746:
735:
724:
675:
664:
653:
642:
631:
620:
581:
570:
559:
548:
537:
526:
512:
501:
490:
479:
432:
421:
407:
396:
385:
343:
328:
327:
325:
322:
313:
310:
300:News and Views
295:
292:
269:
266:
256:
255:Patent dispute
253:
170:
167:
150:
149:
148:
147:
141:
135:
129:
121:
117:
116:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
72:
70:(aged 88)
64:
60:
59:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
819:
808:
805:
803:
802:Living people
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
755:
750:
747:
744:
739:
736:
733:
728:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
679:
676:
673:
668:
665:
662:
657:
654:
651:
646:
643:
640:
635:
632:
629:
624:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:
582:
579:
574:
571:
568:
563:
560:
557:
552:
549:
546:
541:
538:
535:
530:
527:
524:
519:
517:
513:
510:
505:
502:
499:
494:
491:
488:
483:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
433:
430:
425:
422:
419:
414:
412:
408:
405:
400:
397:
394:
389:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
350:
348:
344:
341:
340:W2AGZ website
336:
334:
330:
323:
321:
319:
311:
309:
307:
306:
301:
293:
291:
288:
286:
281:
279:
275:
267:
265:
263:
254:
252:
251:
246:
244:
238:
236:
232:
227:
225:
220:
216:
214:
209:
208:refrigerant.
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
168:
166:
164:
160:
156:
146:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
124:
123:
122:
118:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
96:Occupation(s)
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
75:
65:
61:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
749:
738:
727:
692:
688:
678:
667:
656:
645:
634:
623:
598:
594:
584:
573:
562:
551:
540:
529:
504:
493:
482:
449:
445:
435:
424:
399:
388:
363:
359:
315:
303:
299:
297:
289:
282:
271:
258:
247:
239:
228:
221:
217:
210:
183:
175:Poughkeepsie
172:
154:
153:
68:(2023-12-20)
55:Poughkeepsie
797:1935 births
312:Final years
204:, a common
104:Employer(s)
51:May 9, 1935
766:Categories
324:References
47:1935-05-09
35:Paul Grant
23:Paul Grant
262:Bell Labs
233:with the
206:cryogenic
711:10646568
615:38765396
466:11385548
237:(EPRI).
202:Nitrogen
76:, Mexico
719:1120705
474:4423073
380:9941013
125:Senior
114:, W2AGZ
717:
709:
689:Nature
613:
595:Nature
472:
464:
446:Nature
378:
318:Ajijic
305:Nature
231:Fellow
169:Career
120:Awards
74:Ajijic
715:S2CID
611:S2CID
470:S2CID
707:PMID
462:PMID
376:PMID
179:SAGE
112:EPRI
63:Died
41:Born
697:doi
693:403
603:doi
599:420
454:doi
450:411
368:doi
108:IBM
768::
713:.
705:.
691:.
687:.
609:.
597:.
593:.
515:^
468:.
460:.
448:.
444:.
410:^
374:.
364:35
362:.
358:.
346:^
332:^
308:.
245:.
110:,
88:,
721:.
699::
617:.
605::
476:.
456::
382:.
370::
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
