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363:. In September 1949, Hoffman and his staff met in Washington to assess the progress of the Marshall Plan. They agreed that the "salvage function is substantially completed" and that the ECA should now focus on integrating the economies of Europe by supporting European-led initiatives to reduce trade barriers, coordinate fiscal policy, streamline regulation, and ensure currency convertibility and stability. This would, in their view, strengthen the European economies so that by they could be "free from dependence on sustained outside assistance."
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market of 156 million consumers has been indispensable to the strength and efficiency of our economy. The creation of a permanent, freely trading area, comprising 270 million consumers in
Western Europe would have a multitude of helpful consequences. It would accelerate the development of large-scale, low-cost production industries. It would make the effective use of all resources easier, the stifling of healthy competition more difficult... This is why integration is not just an ideal. It is a practical necessity.
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The substance of such integration would be the formation of a single large market within which quantitative restriction on the movements of goods, monetary barriers to the flow of payments and, eventually, all tariffs are permanently swept away. The fact that we have in the United States a single
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Hoffman's first wife was
Dorothy Brown. They married in 1915. She died in May 1961. She was a Christian Scientist. The couple had five sons, Hallock, Peter, Donald, Robert and Lathrop, and two adopted daughters, Barbara and Kiriki. Hoffman married businesswoman
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Memorandum of
Conversation with Senator Fulbright by Ware Adams, October 13, 1949, Box 4, Folder: Europe 1949, A1558CB: Policy Planning Staff/Council Area Files 1947-1962, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, National Archives Building, College
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He concluded this speech with a veiled threat that the U.S. Congress may not continue to fund the
Marshall Plan if the Europeans did not integrate. Congressional leadership was, indeed, skeptical of continuing to fund the Marshall Plan absent integration.
348:, but Hoffman was a more acceptable candidate to Congress, which preferred someone with more business acumen. In this role as administrator, he was responsible for managing the distribution of U.S. aid to post-WWII Europe. He primarily worked with the
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ECA Policy Board: Plan of Action for the ERP, October 11, 1949, Box 7, Folder: European
Integration, 1650: Records of Ambassador Charles Bohlen, 1942-1971, RG 59: General Records of the Department of State, National Archives Building, College
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Raucher, ALan. Paul G. Hoffman: Architect of
Foreign Aid. Lexington, KY: U of Kentucky P, 1985. Whitman, Alden. Paul G. Hoffman is dead at 83; Led Marshall Plan and U.N. Aid. New York Times, October 9,
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His most famous speech as ECA administrator was his
October 31, 1949, address to the OEEC in which he argued that Europe must integrate. Invoking a comparison to the United States, he argued:
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Hoffman's tenure as administrator of ECA was marked by dramatic improvements in the industrial and agricultural output of countries receiving
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President Harry S. Truman nominated
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cars in Los Angeles. He had made his first million dollars by the age of 34, and became president of Studebaker ten years later. Hoffman and
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company executive, statesman, and global development aid administrator. He was the first administrator of the
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were the two executives most responsible for rescuing Studebaker from insolvency in the 1930s.
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Hoffman being sworn in as administrator of the Economic Recovery Corporation (1948)
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when it was founded, with David Owen as his co-administrator.
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Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme
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From 1966 to 1972, he was the first administrator of the
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474:June 22, 1974. Accessed December 1, 2015
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491:. Governmental Affairs Institute.
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359:He was a forceful advocate of
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