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United
Kingdom. Nurse has written that "we need to emphasise why the scientific process is such a reliable generator of knowledge with its respect for evidence, for scepticism, for consistency of approach, for the constant testing of ideas." Furthermore, Nurse feels that scientific leaders "have a responsibility to expose the bunkum". They should take on politicians, and expose nonsense during elections.
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One problem, Nurse said, was "treating scientific discussion as if it were political debate," using rhetorical tricks rather than logic. Another was the state of science teaching in the schools, which does not teach citizens how to discuss science – particularly in religious schools, even in the
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Nurse has said good scientists must have passion "to know the answer to the questions" that interest them, along with good technical ability, and a set of attitudes including mental honesty, self-criticism, open-mindedness and scepticism.
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Working in fission yeast, Nurse identified the gene cdc2, which controls the transition from G1 to S, when the cell grows in preparation for the duplication of DNA, and G2 to M, when the cell divides. With his postdoc
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Nurse did not know that his "sister" was in fact his mother until he was in his 50s. His "parents" had both already died and his "sister" Miriam, eighteen years his senior, had died early of
781:. He then returned to the ICRF as Director of Research in 1993, and in 1996 was named Director General of the ICRF, which became Cancer Research UK in 2002. In 2003, he became president of
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2076:"Warwick honorary degrees for stars of Gavin & Stacey & Hustle, RSC & Royal Court Artistic Directors, scientists, historians, philanthropist & a US government adviser"
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868:. Nurse is the 2007 recipient of the Hope Funds Award of Excellence in Basic Research. He is a Freeman of the London Borough of Harrow. In 2013, he was awarded the
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934:(HonFREng) in 2012 and Honorary Fellow of the British Association (HonFBA) in 2013. In July 2016 it was announced that he will be the next Chancellor of the
766:, Nurse also found the corresponding gene, CDK1, in humans. These genes stop and start cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) by adding or removing phosphate groups.
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Nurse, P.; Thuriaux, P.; Nasmyth, K. (1976). "Genetic control of the cell division cycle in the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe".
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Nurse believes that scientists should speak out about science in public affairs and challenge politicians who support policies based on
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Paul was brought up by his grandparents (whom he took to be his parents) in North West London. He was educated at Lyon Park school in
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Lee, M. G.; Nurse, P. (1987). "Complementation used to clone a human homologue of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2".
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where he continued work on the cell cycle of fission yeast. In 2011 Nurse became the first
Director and Chief Executive of the
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621:. For the rest of their lives, his maternal grandmother pretended to be his mother, and his mother pretended to be his sister.
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which did not name his parents. When he applied for a full birth certificate he discovered the truth, to his astonishment.
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1957:"Announcement of the list of elected academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015 关于公布2015年中国科学院院士增选当选院士名单的公告"
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880:, and won the 10th annual Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research, in Ottawa, Canada. He was appointed
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for services to science and medicine in the UK and abroad. In
November 2022 he was appointed to the Order of Merit.
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2007:"The 2015 Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Health Research is awarded to Sir Paul... – TORONTO, May 4, 2015"
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Fernando, Benjamin; Brown, Gordon; Thomas, Emily; Head, Michael; Nurse, Paul; Rees, Martin (22 September 2020).
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expressing their hope that
Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's
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In addition to the Nobel Prize, Nurse has received numerous awards and honours. He was elected an
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Stamp out anti-science; it's time to reject political movements that turn their backs on science
950:
Nurse married Anne Teresa (née
Talbott) in 1971; they have two daughters – Sarah, who works for
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winner, president of a university and a knight; this was because he had submitted a short-form
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1530:"A Brief History of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Research: A Perspective Over the Past 70 Years"
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864:– one of the top honours – in April 2006. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the
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and lived with relatives while awaiting Paul's birth (at the age of 18) in order to hide
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In August 2014, Nurse was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to
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in 1998. In 1995, he was awarded the
Pezcoller-AACR International Award. he received a
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1757:"Paul Nurse talks to Ian Sample about money, moustaches, and his move to Manhattan"
1716:
1515:, accessed 28 April 2020 including the Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001
1421:"Sir Paul Nurse: 'I looked at my birth certificate. That was not my mother's name'"
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society affiliated to them. In
September 2020, he was a co-author on a letter in
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Archived from City
University London website in Wayback Machine Internet Archive
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923:(Doctor of Science) in 2017. In 2020 he was awarded an honorary degree from the
891:
Nurse has received over 60 Honorary
Degrees and Fellowships, including from the
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2173:"A top scientist very often moves on the edge of failure, says Nobelist Nurse"
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Nurse, P (2012). "In answer to questions about the Francis Crick Institute".
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What Is Life?: Five Great Ideas in Biology (2021), W. W. Norton & Company
17:
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candidates for the US presidential nomination for opposing the teaching of
501:
The spatial and temporal organisation of amino acid pools in Candida utilis
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2582:
2511:"Celebrities' open letter to Scotland – full text and list of signatories"
1708:
1506:
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5270:
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1858:"THE PEZCOLLER FOUNDATION – AACR INTERNATIONAL AWARD AND THE NOBEL PRIZE"
1600:
1487:"Sir Paul Nurse: 'The UK has taken a leap several decades into the past'"
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1779:. UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation web site. 15 July 2010
1731:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 - Illustrated Lecture"
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777:). He left in 1988 to chair the department of microbiology at the
7690:
Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
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1905:"Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering"
1883:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
645:
633:
2202:
Archived from Royal Academy of Engineering on Wayback Machine
1205:
The spatial and temporal organisation of amino acid pools in
732:). This gene controls the progression of the cell cycle from
7715:
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
2100:. University of Worcester. 21 November 2013. Archived from
993:
2591:
including the Nobel Lecture Nobel Lecture 9 December 2001
2011:
Cision - Friends of Canadian Institutes of Health Research
748:. In 1987, Nurse identified the homologous gene in human,
860:
in 2005. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
2385:"COVID-19 shows UK–EU collaborations are irreplaceable"
876:. In 2015, he was elected a foreign academician of the
7650:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
7630:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
2616:), originally aired: 11 Oct 2011, 30 minutes in length
2303:
The Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers
2299:"Honorary members - Honorary Liverymen of the Company"
2279:"Sir Paul Nurse becomes Bristol University chancellor"
1003:
As an undergraduate student at Birmingham, Nurse sold
7493:
2337:
2335:
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Honorary Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
800:
On 30 November 2010, Nurse succeeded astrophysicist
685:
was, to his surprise, rejected, despite his being a
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5255:
5224:
5200:
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5145:
4763:
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Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
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334:
311:
295:
287:
264:
233:
228:
212:
200:
181:
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126:
116:
85:
34:
7635:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
1119:
940:Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers
7660:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
7575:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
5421:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
2462:"Somehow, I knew I'd see you again, you bastard"
1391:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001"
962:. He describes himself as a sceptical agnostic.
882:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
7103:Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information
7098:Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability
2500:, Paul Nurse, New Scientist, 17 September 2011
842:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
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2344:"Paul Nurse: Home truths for the gene genius"
791:UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation
716:Beginning in 1976, Nurse identified the gene
8:
2098:"Worcester honorary degrees and Fellowships"
1931:"World Cultural Council 30th Award Ceremony"
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
1862:Fondazione Pezcoller - Pezcoller Foundation
1842:. London: The Royal Society. Archived from
1821:"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015"
836:and became a foreign associate of the U.S.
658:. He then pursued postdoctoral work at the
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1510:
1197:
1195:
153:1 December 2010 – 1 December 2015
73:
31:
7665:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
2442:. London: Progressive Media International
2408:
2049:His Majesty The King (11 November 2022).
1647:
1555:
1475:– website of the University of Birmingham
1415:
1413:
1411:
1347:
1211:(PhD thesis). University of East Anglia.
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
826:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1989
7565:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
7560:Academics of the Francis Crick Institute
2051:"New Appointments to the Order of Merit"
1502:
1500:
1017:but never formally joined the movement.
585:and Chief Executive and Director of the
7710:Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
7620:Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge
7585:Alumni of the University of East Anglia
7500:
5922:National Institute for Medical Research
2623:Professional and academic associations
2538:"Stamp out anti-science in US politics"
2177:Universitas - magazine for universities
1150:
1148:
1102:
1092:List of presidents of the Royal Society
974:for nearly 40 years and is a patron of
7580:Alumni of the University of Birmingham
5193:(Trinidad & Tobago/United Kingdom)
2607:Paul Nurse on the premiere episode of
1248:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.
1134: ed.). A & C Black.
1032:on cell lines from human embryos, and
870:Albert Einstein World Award of Science
390:Albert Einstein World Award of Science
7670:People educated at Harrow High School
7570:Academics of the University of Oxford
3598:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2254:"University of Bristol press release"
2078:. University of Warwick. 28 June 2013
1827:from the original on 15 October 2015.
938:. He is an Honorary Liveryman of the
862:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
591:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
577:(born 25 January 1949) is an English
378:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
27:English geneticist and Nobel laureate
7:
7680:Presidents of Rockefeller University
7278:
7068:List of University of Bristol people
2434:"The Science Interview – Paul Nurse"
988:alongside the former prime minister
866:Campaign for Science and Engineering
713:for the next six years (1973–1979).
681:for US residency while president of
301:Francis Crick Institute - Paul Nurse
6912:Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton
2032:"Order of the Companions of Honour"
1840:"EC/1989/23 Nurse, Sir Paul Maxime"
1241:Cell cycle control in fission yeast
848:in 1999. He was awarded the French
613:Nurse's mother went from London to
954:, and Emily, a physicist based at
852:and the Golden Plate Award of the
25:
2171:Polčáková, Petra (2 March 2020).
2154:"McGill Honorary Doctorates 2017"
1986:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1755:Sample, Ian (17 September 2003).
1485:Andrew Anthony (15 August 2020).
856:in 2002. He was also awarded the
7527:
7515:
7503:
7482:
7277:
7266:
7265:
7039:
5447:Monokombu Sambasivan Swaminathan
2342:McKie, Robin (24 October 2010).
1935:Nanyang Technological University
1581:Molecular & General Genetics
1318:Nurse, Paul; Treisman, Richard;
1015:International Socialist Tendency
919:(Doctor of Science) in 2014 and
360:Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
7685:Presidents of the Royal Society
2931:Oxford–AstraZeneca Vaccine Team
2555:Nurse, Paul (2 February 2021).
2432:Brooks, Michael (9 June 2011).
1891:American Academy of Achievement
1020:Nurse has criticised potential
992:highlighting the importance of
970:Nurse has been a member of the
854:American Academy of Achievement
277:
7695:Recipients of the Copley Medal
7108:Department of Computer Science
1528:Fantes PA; Hoffman CS (2016).
1324:"Building better institutions"
828:and the Founder Member of the
806:President of the Royal Society
583:President of the Royal Society
141:President of the Royal Society
1:
7705:Winners of the Heineken Prize
7655:Members of the Order of Merit
2692:The Baroness Hale of Richmond
2559:. National Geographic Books.
1289:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61066-6
1013:, and was sympathetic to the
996:funding in the fight against
915:(Doctor of Science) in 2013,
771:Imperial Cancer Research Fund
475:Imperial Cancer Research Fund
133:The Baroness Hale of Richmond
7625:Fellows of the Royal Society
1442:"Paul Nurse - life and work"
1139:UK public library membership
1034:anthropogenic climate change
838:National Academy of Sciences
630:Harrow County Grammar School
7031:2003 admissions controversy
7011:University College, Bristol
6791:Andrew David McLachlan
5976:Biochemistry and Biophysics
4690:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
2232:British Science Association
1961:Chinese Academy of Sciences
1799:"Unavailable private video"
1548:10.1534/genetics.116.189407
1202:Nurse, Paul Maxime (1974).
878:Chinese Academy of Sciences
830:Academy of Medical Sciences
348:Fellow of the Royal Society
7731:
2598:Stories told by Paul Nurse
2593:Controlling the Cell Cycle
2470:. TES Global. 27 June 2003
2410:10.1038/d41586-020-02687-6
1517:Controlling the Cell Cycle
1156:"EMBO profile: Paul Nurse"
1121:"NURSE, Sir Paul (Maxime)"
917:City, University of London
769:In 1984, Nurse joined the
589:. He was awarded the 2001
7480:
7334:
7261:
7212:Society of Change Ringers
7037:
5927:London Research Institute
5755:University College London
5317:
3887:Charles Scott Sherrington
3863:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
3395:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
3379:Charles Scott Sherrington
2753:
2706:
2696:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2124:"Honorary graduates 2014"
1371:Paul Nurse's publications
1238:Woollard, Alison (1995).
1130:. Vol. 2014 (online
956:University College London
930:He was also appointed an
925:Mendel University in Brno
729:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
650:University of East Anglia
539:
535:
531:
399:
325:University of East Anglia
307:
224:
189:
146:
104:
93:
81:
72:
6928:Nicole Marthe Le Douarin
6785:Gilbert George Lonzarich
5750:Medical Research Council
5155:William Standish Knowles
4877:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
3435:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
2649:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1377:bibliographic database.
1063:referendum on that issue
911:(Doctor of Science) the
804:for a five-year term as
740:and the transition from
677:. His application for a
648:degree in 1973 from the
642:University of Birmingham
609:Early life and education
319:University of Birmingham
176:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
7675:Scientists from Norwich
7615:English Nobel laureates
7600:British Nobel laureates
7133:Wills Memorial Building
7093:Centre for Deaf Studies
6846:John Philip Simons
6833:John Martin Rowell
5740:Imperial College London
5721:Francis Crick Institute
3256:Benjamin Collins Brodie
3232:Marquess of Northampton
2517:. London. 7 August 2014
1982:"The Eminent Dr. Nurse"
1777:"Project Press Release"
1379:(subscription required)
1349:10.1126/science.1242307
1178:Fondation Louis-Jeantet
1132:Oxford University Press
927:in the Czech Republic.
913:University of Worcester
901:University of Cambridge
795:Francis Crick Institute
756:cyclin dependent kinase
711:University of Edinburgh
664:University of Edinburgh
587:Francis Crick Institute
460:University of Edinburgh
445:Francis Crick Institute
164:The Lord Rees of Ludlow
6812:Robert Ladislav Parker
6273:BirdLife International
6254:Environmental Sciences
5323:Nobel Prize recipients
5257:Physiology or Medicine
3658:Santiago Ramón y Cajal
3200:William Hyde Wollaston
2672:Rockefeller University
2637:61st President of the
2467:Times Higher Education
2228:"Our Honorary Fellows"
1174:"Professor Paul NURSE"
874:World Cultural Council
783:Rockefeller University
683:Rockefeller University
450:Rockefeller University
184:Rockefeller University
7217:Spelæological Society
6996:University of Bristol
6840:Ian John Russell
5745:King's College London
5488:Albrecht Fleckenstein
4159:Dickinson W. Richards
3843:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
3304:George Gabriel Stokes
2700:University of Bristol
2258:University of Bristol
1471:21 April 2015 at the
976:Scientists for Labour
936:University of Bristol
909:University of Warwick
886:2022 New Year Honours
705:at the laboratory of
703:postdoctoral research
546:Sir Paul Maxime Nurse
455:University of Bristol
182:9th President of
88:University of Bristol
7534:University of Oxford
6953:Edward Mills Purcell
5672:Jean-Pierre Changeux
5167:Karl Barry Sharpless
4582:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3943:Albert Szent-Györgyi
3288:William Spottiswoode
3280:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3133:Earl of Macclesfield
2923:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
2682:Marc Tessier-Lavigne
1846:on 3 September 2014.
897:University of Oxford
779:University of Oxford
754:, which codes for a
701:Nurse continued his
691:UK birth certificate
668:University of Sussex
485:University of Sussex
465:University of Oxford
219:Marc Tessier-Lavigne
7700:Royal Medal winners
7595:British geneticists
7590:British biochemists
7449:Oleksandr Zinchenko
7404:Michel Hazanavicius
7364:FC Shakhtar Donetsk
7205:Clubs and societies
6886:Thomas Summers West
4974:William C. Campbell
4885:Elizabeth Blackburn
4722:Robert F. Furchgott
4714:Stanley B. Prusiner
4706:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
4606:George H. Hitchings
4570:Joseph L. Goldstein
4530:Bengt I. Samuelsson
4359:Earl Sutherland Jr.
3403:William Henry Bragg
3296:Thomas Henry Huxley
3272:George Biddell Airy
2947:Gregory Paul Winter
2609:The Life Scientific
2401:2020Natur.586..200F
2328:0000-0001-6905-1285
1809:on 14 October 2011.
1693:1987Natur.327...31L
1640:2004Natur.432..557N
1446:The Life Scientific
1340:2013Sci...341...10N
844:in 1998. Nurse was
697:Career and research
270:Anne Teresa Talbott
7184:Clifton Hill House
7174:Halls of residence
6948:Barbara McClintock
6735:Peter Goddard
5836:Robin Lovell-Badge
5735:Cancer Research UK
5654:Ewine van Dishoeck
5530:Charles R. Goldman
5524:Jean-Marie Ghuysen
5494:Raymond U. Lemieux
5265:Leland H. Hartwell
5234:Eric Allin Cornell
5034:William Kaelin Jr.
5030:Peter J. Ratcliffe
4773:Leland H. Hartwell
4662:Richard J. Roberts
4542:Barbara McClintock
4486:Godfrey Hounsfield
4387:Nikolaas Tinbergen
4319:Marshall Nirenberg
4287:Charles B. Huggins
4076:Tadeusz Reichstein
4064:António Egas Moniz
3859:Christiaan Eijkman
3542:Venki Ramakrishnan
3491:Sir Michael Atiyah
3459:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
3411:Henry Hallett Dale
3010:Viscount Brouncker
2907:John B. Goodenough
2698:Chancellor of the
2585:on Nobelprize.org
2234:. 28 February 2018
2134:on 2 February 2015
2036:The London Gazette
1622:Nurse, P. (2004).
1593:10.1007/BF00268085
1509:on Nobelprize.org
1262:uk.bl.ethos.318479
1225:uk.bl.ethos.467339
1030:stem cell research
905:University of Kent
893:University of Bath
840:. He received the
816:Awards and honours
775:Cancer Research UK
675:multiple sclerosis
660:University of Bern
632:. He received his
480:Cancer Research UK
86:Chancellor of the
7610:English agnostics
7491:
7490:
7389:Timothy D. Snyder
7339:Andriy Shevchenko
7293:
7292:
7253:Associated people
7061:Vice-Chancellor:
6961:
6960:
6891:Andrew Wiles
6856:Marshall Stoneham
6639:
6638:
6468:Cognitive Science
5935:
5934:
5896:Jean-Paul Vincent
5687:
5686:
5577:Ralph J. Cicerone
5512:Herbert H. Jasper
5459:Margaret Burbidge
5387:
5386:
5288:Economic Sciences
5240:Wolfgang Ketterle
5103:
5102:
5068:Ardem Patapoutian
4917:Ralph M. Steinman
4913:Jules A. Hoffmann
4901:Robert G. Edwards
4869:Harald zur Hausen
4793:H. Robert Horvitz
4694:Eric F. Wieschaus
4630:E. Donnall Thomas
4614:J. Michael Bishop
4602:Gertrude B. Elion
4474:Hamilton O. Smith
4399:Christian de Duve
4135:Frederick Robbins
4012:Alexander Fleming
3951:Corneille Heymans
3797:Frederick Banting
3702:Allvar Gullstrand
3560:
3559:
3387:Ernest Rutherford
3018:Joseph Williamson
2957:
2956:
2899:Jeffrey I. Gordon
2883:Richard Henderson
2746:Copley Medallists
2713:
2712:
2679:Succeeded by
2670:9th President of
2656:Academic offices
2646:Succeeded by
2287:. 1 January 2017.
2208:on 12 August 2014
2198:"List of Fellows"
2158:McGill University
2038:. 1 January 2022.
1911:on 28 August 2010
1823:. Royal Society.
1440:Al-Khalili, Jim.
1246:bodleian.ox.ac.uk
1137:(Subscription or
1038:Benjamin Franklin
1026:natural selection
921:McGill University
707:Murdoch Mitchison
640:in 1970 from the
543:
542:
522:Doctoral students
401:Scientific career
238:Paul Maxime Nurse
16:(Redirected from
7722:
7645:Knights Bachelor
7532:
7531:
7530:
7520:
7519:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7486:
7444:Francis Fukuyama
7409:Katheryn Winnick
7369:Barbra Streisand
7320:
7313:
7306:
7297:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7170:
7123:Royal Fort House
7043:
6997:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6965:
6896:Ian Robert Young
6881:Rob Webster
6851:Roger Slack
6797:Michael A. Moore
6780:John Lawton
6700:Kenneth Bagshawe
6666:
6659:
6652:
6643:
6333:Sinninghe Damsté
5962:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5886:Richard Treisman
5851:Vassilis Pachnis
5816:Caroline S. Hill
5714:
5707:
5700:
5691:
5607:John T. Houghton
5565:Daniel H. Janzen
5506:Sherwood Rowland
5435:Ricardo Bressani
5414:
5407:
5400:
5391:
5325:
5279:(United Kingdom)
5273:(United Kingdom)
5130:
5123:
5116:
5107:
5096:
5081:
5070:
5055:
5049:Michael Houghton
5036:
5026:Gregg L. Semenza
5020:
5014:James P. Allison
5008:
5006:Michael W. Young
4992:
4990:Yoshinori Ohsumi
4984:
4968:
4952:
4950:Thomas C. Südhof
4936:
4924:
4903:
4895:
4889:Carol W. Greider
4879:
4863:
4847:
4835:
4823:
4811:
4799:
4783:
4756:
4740:
4732:
4716:
4708:
4702:Peter C. Doherty
4696:
4680:
4674:Alfred G. Gilman
4668:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4618:Harold E. Varmus
4608:
4592:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4544:
4536:
4520:
4504:
4494:Baruj Benacerraf
4488:
4476:
4460:
4444:
4421:
4405:
4389:
4373:
4361:
4353:
4337:
4321:
4311:Robert W. Holley
4305:
4289:
4277:
4261:
4249:
4233:
4217:
4215:Georg von Békésy
4209:
4197:
4185:
4183:Joshua Lederberg
4169:
4161:
4155:Werner Forssmann
4145:
4137:
4121:
4109:
4101:
4082:
4066:
4054:
4046:
4044:Bernardo Houssay
4030:
4022:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3925:
3917:
3901:
3893:
3881:
3873:
3871:Karl Landsteiner
3865:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3835:Johannes Fibiger
3818:
3817:
3811:
3809:Willem Einthoven
3803:
3791:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3674:Élie Metchnikoff
3668:
3666:Alphonse Laveran
3660:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3564:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3451:Patrick Blackett
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3355:Archibald Geikie
3350:
3342:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3120:
3112:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3074:Robert Southwell
3069:
3066:Earl of Pembroke
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3026:Christopher Wren
3021:
3013:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2961:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2689:Preceded by
2661:Preceded by
2628:Preceded by
2620:
2590:
2571:
2570:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2412:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2358:on 5 March 2016.
2354:. Archived from
2339:
2330:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2204:. Archived from
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1937:. 2 October 2013
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1901:
1895:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1805:. Archived from
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1701:10.1038/327031a0
1676:
1670:
1669:
1651:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:. 9 August 2014.
1417:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1283:(9835): 2427–8.
1272:
1266:
1265:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1123:
1116:
1022:Republican Party
1011:Socialist Worker
1006:Socialist Worker
850:Legion d'Honneur
652:for research on
576:
513:Doctoral advisor
507:
354:Rosenstiel Award
303:
281:
279:
251:
247:
245:
229:Personal details
215:
203:
194:
172:
160:
151:
129:
109:
77:
67:
32:
21:
7730:
7729:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7719:
7605:Cell biologists
7540:
7539:
7538:
7528:
7526:
7514:
7504:
7502:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7478:
7429:Richard Branson
7424:May-Britt Moser
7349:Imagine Dragons
7344:Elina Svitolina
7330:
7324:
7294:
7289:
7283:
7271:
7257:
7221:
7200:
7168:
7154:Students' Union
7142:
7138:Winston Theatre
7081:
7079:
7078:Departments and
7072:
7044:
7035:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6962:
6957:
6943:Edward B. Lewis
6916:
6900:
6861:Roger C. Thomas
6750:Geoffrey Hewitt
6715:Roger Blandford
6683:
6670:
6640:
6635:
6522:
6463:
6356:
6249:
6136:
5971:
5969:Heineken Prizes
5966:
5936:
5931:
5910:
5881:Charles Swanton
5791:Julian Downward
5781:Doreen Cantrell
5764:
5723:
5718:
5688:
5683:
5636:Michael Grätzel
5612:
5595:Fraser Stoddart
5559:Niels Birbaumer
5541:
5536:Robert Weinberg
5470:
5423:
5418:
5388:
5383:
5321:
5313:
5310:(United States)
5308:Joseph Stiglitz
5304:(United States)
5298:(United States)
5282:
5267:(United States)
5251:
5248:(United States)
5236:(United States)
5220:
5196:
5172:
5169:(United States)
5157:(United States)
5141:
5134:
5104:
5099:
5084:
5073:
5058:
5053:Charles M. Rice
5045:Harvey J. Alter
5039:
5023:
5011:
5002:Michael Rosbash
4998:Jeffrey C. Hall
4995:
4987:
4971:
4962:May-Britt Moser
4955:
4939:
4934:Shinya Yamanaka
4927:
4906:
4898:
4893:Jack W. Szostak
4882:
4866:
4861:Oliver Smithies
4850:
4838:
4826:
4814:
4809:Peter Mansfield
4802:
4797:John E. Sulston
4786:
4770:
4759:
4743:
4735:
4719:
4711:
4699:
4686:Edward B. Lewis
4683:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4595:
4590:Susumu Tonegawa
4587:
4575:
4563:
4547:
4539:
4523:
4507:
4491:
4479:
4463:
4450:Roger Guillemin
4447:
4442:Daniel Gajdusek
4438:Baruch Blumberg
4435:
4424:
4415:Renato Dulbecco
4411:David Baltimore
4408:
4392:
4379:Karl von Frisch
4376:
4364:
4356:
4340:
4324:
4308:
4299:Haldan Hartline
4292:
4280:
4264:
4252:
4236:
4231:Maurice Wilkins
4220:
4212:
4200:
4195:Arthur Kornberg
4188:
4172:
4164:
4148:
4140:
4124:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4085:
4069:
4057:
4049:
4033:
4025:
4009:
4000:Joseph Erlanger
3997:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3928:
3920:
3904:
3896:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3856:
3851:Charles Nicolle
3848:
3840:
3832:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3694:Albrecht Kossel
3691:
3683:
3671:
3663:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3600:
3591:
3561:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3419:Robert Robinson
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3363:William Crookes
3361:
3353:
3345:
3339:William Huggins
3337:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3248:Lord Wrottesley
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3096:
3088:
3082:Charles Montagu
3080:
3072:
3064:
3058:Earl of Carbery
3056:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
2997:
2988:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2799:Stephen Hawking
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2348:theguardian.com
2341:
2340:
2333:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2104:on 3 April 2014
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1887:achievement.org
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1735:The Nobel Prize
1729:
1728:
1724:
1687:(6117): 31–35.
1678:
1677:
1673:
1649:10.1038/432557a
1621:
1620:
1616:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1505:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1473:Wayback Machine
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1426:TheGuardian.com
1419:
1418:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1395:The Nobel Prize
1389:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1373:indexed by the
1369:
1365:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1160:people.embo.org
1154:
1153:
1146:
1136:
1118:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1088:
1078:
1042:Richard Feynman
968:
966:Political views
948:
818:
699:
611:
595:Leland Hartwell
548:
526:Alison Woollard
517:Anthony P. Sims
505:
489:
470:Linacre College
428:
395:
330:
312:Alma mater
299:
283:
280: 1971)
275:
271:
252:
249:
248:25 January 1949
243:
241:
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239:
213:
201:
195:
190:
170:
158:
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147:
127:
111:
105:
100:
68:
39:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7728:
7726:
7718:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7542:
7541:
7537:
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7524:
7512:
7489:
7488:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7379:Oleksandr Usyk
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7359:Demna Gvasalia
7356:
7354:Liev Schreiber
7351:
7346:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7300:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7275:
7262:
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7258:
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7181:
7171:
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7156:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7128:Victoria Rooms
7125:
7120:
7118:Medical School
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7088:Botanic Garden
7084:
7082:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7059:
7057:Sir Paul Nurse
7052:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7026:Academic dress
7023:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7005:
7001:
7000:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6968:
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6883:
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6853:
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6824:
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6809:
6804:
6799:
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6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6695:Brian Anderson
6691:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6646:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6627:
6621:
6615:
6612:Van Oldenborgh
6609:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6585:
6579:
6573:
6567:
6561:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6537:
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6431:
6425:
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6413:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6377:
6371:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6276:
6270:
6264:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6229:
6223:
6217:
6211:
6205:
6199:
6193:
6187:
6181:
6175:
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6163:
6157:
6151:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6128:
6122:
6116:
6110:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6086:
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6074:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6050:
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6038:
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6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5901:David Willetts
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5826:Malcolm Irving
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5760:Wellcome Trust
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5694:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5678:Zhong Lin Wang
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5624:Julio Montaner
5620:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5521:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5302:Michael Spence
5299:
5296:George Akerlof
5292:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5212:
5210:United Nations
5206:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5151:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5090:Katalin Karikó
5082:
5071:
5056:
5037:
5021:
5009:
4993:
4985:
4969:
4953:
4946:Randy Schekman
4937:
4925:
4904:
4896:
4880:
4873:Luc Montagnier
4864:
4853:Mario Capecchi
4848:
4836:
4829:Barry Marshall
4824:
4812:
4805:Paul Lauterbur
4800:
4789:Sydney Brenner
4784:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4750:Paul Greengard
4746:Arvid Carlsson
4741:
4733:
4717:
4709:
4697:
4681:
4678:Martin Rodbell
4669:
4657:
4654:Edwin G. Krebs
4650:Edmond Fischer
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4598:James W. Black
4593:
4585:
4573:
4561:
4558:César Milstein
4554:Georges Köhler
4545:
4537:
4526:Sune Bergström
4521:
4518:Torsten Wiesel
4514:David H. Hubel
4505:
4489:
4477:
4470:Daniel Nathans
4461:
4454:Andrew Schally
4445:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4406:
4390:
4374:
4367:Gerald Edelman
4362:
4354:
4351:Julius Axelrod
4338:
4335:Salvador Luria
4331:Alfred Hershey
4322:
4306:
4290:
4278:
4267:François Jacob
4262:
4250:
4234:
4218:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4170:
4162:
4151:André Cournand
4146:
4138:
4122:
4110:
4107:Selman Waksman
4102:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4072:Edward Kendall
4067:
4055:
4047:
4031:
4028:Hermann Muller
4023:
4007:
4004:Herbert Gasser
3995:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3959:Gerhard Domagk
3954:
3946:
3938:
3926:
3918:
3915:William Murphy
3907:George Whipple
3902:
3894:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3792:
3785:Archibald Hill
3780:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3718:Charles Richet
3713:
3705:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3669:
3661:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3534:Sir Paul Nurse
3530:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3499:Sir Aaron Klug
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3224:Duke of Sussex
3220:
3216:Davies Gilbert
3212:
3204:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3141:Earl of Morton
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2851:John E. Walker
2847:
2839:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2759:Jacques Miller
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:(2001–present)
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2604:
2595:
2578:
2577:External links
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:978-0393541151
2565:
2547:
2528:
2502:
2481:
2453:
2424:
2375:
2361:
2331:
2322:Emily Nurse's
2315:
2290:
2270:
2245:
2219:
2189:
2163:
2145:
2115:
2089:
2067:
2041:
2023:
1998:
1973:
1948:
1922:
1896:
1874:
1849:
1830:
1812:
1790:
1768:
1747:
1722:
1671:
1624:"Wee beasties"
1614:
1587:(2): 167–178.
1571:
1520:
1496:
1477:
1458:
1432:
1407:
1382:
1363:
1310:
1267:
1230:
1207:Candida utilis
1191:
1180:. October 2017
1165:
1144:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
967:
964:
947:
944:
824:in 1987 and a
817:
814:
698:
695:
655:Candida utilis
610:
607:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
515:
509:
508:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
434:
430:
429:
427:
426:
421:
416:
410:
408:
404:
403:
397:
396:
394:
393:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
338:
336:
332:
331:
329:
328:
322:
315:
313:
309:
308:
305:
304:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
273:
269:
268:
266:
262:
261:
237:
235:
231:
230:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
187:
186:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
144:
143:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
107:Assumed office
102:
101:
94:
91:
90:
83:
82:
79:
78:
70:
69:
38:
36:Sir Paul Nurse
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7727:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7555:Living people
7553:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7535:
7525:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7511:
7501:
7497:
7485:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7469:Alyssa Milano
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7454:Misha Collins
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:Ivanna Sakhno
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7328:
7321:
7316:
7314:
7309:
7307:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7286:
7276:
7274:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7042:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6989:
6984:
6982:
6977:
6975:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:Kenichi Fukui
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6866:Anne Treisman
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6775:Francis Kelly
6773:
6771:
6770:Michael James
6768:
6766:
6765:Richard Hynes
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6740:Michael Green
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6677:Royal Society
6674:
6667:
6662:
6660:
6655:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6564:Van de Pavert
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5958:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:Incorporating
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:Frank Uhlmann
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5841:Tomas Lindahl
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Adrian Hayday
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:Steve Gamblin
5799:
5797:
5796:Jeremy Farrar
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:David Cooksey
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Simon Boulton
5774:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5666:Omar M. Yaghi
5664:
5661:
5660:Edward Witten
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5630:Geoffrey Ozin
5628:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5583:John Hopfield
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5518:Alec Jeffreys
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5482:Gustav Nossal
5480:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5192:
5191:V. S. Naipaul
5189:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5095:
5094:Drew Weissman
5091:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4978:Satoshi Ōmura
4975:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4942:James Rothman
4938:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4909:Bruce Beutler
4905:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4822:
4821:Linda B. Buck
4818:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4738:Günter Blobel
4734:
4731:
4727:
4726:Louis Ignarro
4723:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4667:
4666:Phillip Sharp
4663:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4626:Joseph Murray
4622:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4578:Stanley Cohen
4574:
4571:
4567:
4566:Michael Brown
4562:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4482:Allan Cormack
4478:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4458:Rosalyn Yalow
4455:
4451:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4404:
4403:George Palade
4400:
4396:
4395:Albert Claude
4391:
4388:
4384:
4383:Konrad Lorenz
4380:
4375:
4372:
4371:Rodney Porter
4368:
4363:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:Ulf von Euler
4344:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:Ragnar Granit
4291:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4276:
4275:Jacques Monod
4272:
4268:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4248:
4247:Andrew Huxley
4244:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4223:Francis Crick
4219:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4207:Peter Medawar
4204:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4175:George Beadle
4171:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4143:Hugo Theorell
4139:
4136:
4132:
4131:Thomas Weller
4128:
4123:
4120:
4119:Fritz Lipmann
4116:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4020:Howard Florey
4017:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3899:Thomas Morgan
3895:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3789:Otto Meyerhof
3786:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3727:
3726:Róbert Bárány
3722:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3710:Alexis Carrel
3706:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3654:Camillo Golgi
3650:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:George Porter
3480:
3476:
3475:Andrew Huxley
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3443:Howard Florey
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3371:J. J. Thomson
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:Lord Rayleigh
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3320:Joseph Lister
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3264:Edward Sabine
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Earl of Rosse
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3125:Martin Folkes
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:Royal Society
2992:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:Alec Jeffreys
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:Tomas Lindahl
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:Roger Penrose
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2709:
2704:2017–present
2702:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2664:Arnold Levine
2659:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2639:Royal Society
2632:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2557:What Is Life?
2551:
2548:
2543:
2542:New Scientist
2539:
2536:Nurse, Paul.
2532:
2529:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2439:New Statesman
2435:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:(7828): 200.
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1838:Anon (1989).
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:(7017): 557.
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
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1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1070:pseudoscience
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:
981:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
957:
953:
946:Personal life
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
907:in 2012, the
906:
903:in 2003, the
902:
899:in 2003, the
898:
895:in 2002, the
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
815:
813:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
787:New York City
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
759:
757:
753:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:fission yeast
721:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
593:, along with
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:
520:
516:
514:
510:
503:
502:
498:
496:
492:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Royal Society
438:
437:
435:
431:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
409:
405:
402:
398:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
337:
333:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:(age 75)
236:
232:
227:
223:
220:
217:
211:
208:
207:Arnold Levine
205:
199:
193:
188:
185:
180:
177:
174:
168:
165:
162:
156:
150:
145:
142:
137:
134:
131:
125:
122:
119:
115:
108:
103:
99:
98:
92:
89:
84:
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
33:
30:
19:
18:Paul M. Nurse
7474:Hilary Swank
7433:
7419:Edvard Moser
7399:Brad Paisley
7179:Goldney Hall
7164:
7147:Student life
7113:Fry Building
7063:Evelyn Welch
7056:
7055:Chancellor:
6871:Kenneth Wade
6838:
6831:
6827:Warren Roper
6822:Richard Peto
6817:Geoff Parker
6806:
6789:
6730:Alwyn Davies
6705:John M. Ball
6624:Van Lieshout
6618:Dröge Wendel
6058:
5866:Geraint Rees
5861:Keith Peters
5856:Anne O'Garra
5845:
5831:Harpal Kumar
5769:Senior staff
5648:Philip Cohen
5641:
5589:Ahmed Zewail
5553:Frank Fenner
5465:Martin Kamen
5441:Werner Stumm
5353:
5276:
5161:Ryōji Noyori
5079:Svante Pääbo
5064:David Julius
5018:Tasuku Honjo
4966:Edvard Moser
4958:John O'Keefe
4921:posthumously
4920:
4857:Martin Evans
4833:Robin Warren
4817:Richard Axel
4780:
4764:2001–present
4642:Bert Sakmann
4510:Roger Sperry
4502:George Snell
4498:Jean Dausset
4466:Werner Arber
4419:Howard Temin
4343:Bernard Katz
4327:Max Delbrück
4283:Francis Rous
4259:Feodor Lynen
4255:Konrad Bloch
4243:Alan Hodgkin
4227:James Watson
4203:Frank Burnet
4191:Severo Ochoa
4179:Edward Tatum
4167:Daniel Bovet
4080:Philip Hench
3992:Edward Doisy
3923:Hans Spemann
3911:George Minot
3891:Edgar Adrian
3879:Otto Warburg
3801:John Macleod
3770:August Krogh
3762:Jules Bordet
3678:Paul Ehrlich
3630:Niels Finsen
3614:Emil Behring
3550:Adrian Smith
3533:
3510:21st century
3331:20th century
3208:Humphry Davy
3192:19th century
3181:Joseph Banks
3173:John Pringle
3165:James Burrow
3149:James Burrow
3109:Isaac Newton
3101:18th century
3050:Samuel Pepys
3034:John Hoskyns
3002:17th century
2891:Andrew Wiles
2843:Dan McKenzie
2823:Martin Evans
2790:
2707:
2697:
2669:
2636:
2608:
2592:
2556:
2550:
2541:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:The Guardian
2514:
2505:
2472:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2437:
2427:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2364:
2356:the original
2352:The Observer
2347:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:
2293:
2282:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2127:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:
2044:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1899:
1886:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1861:
1852:
1844:the original
1833:
1815:
1807:the original
1802:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1771:
1762:The Guardian
1760:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1542:(2): 621–9.
1539:
1533:
1523:
1516:
1491:The Guardian
1490:
1480:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1445:
1435:
1424:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1366:
1334:(6141): 10.
1331:
1327:
1313:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1208:
1204:
1182:. Retrieved
1177:
1168:
1159:
1125:
1067:
1058:The Guardian
1056:
1054:
1050:
1019:
1010:
1004:
1002:
990:Gordon Brown
983:
972:Labour Party
969:
949:
929:
890:
884:(CH) in the
858:Copley Medal
819:
810:
808:until 2015.
799:
768:
760:
749:
727:
717:
715:
700:
672:
653:
623:
619:illegitimacy
612:
545:
544:
499:
433:Institutions
419:Cell biology
400:
384:Copley Medal
372:Lasker Award
214:Succeeded by
191:
171:Succeeded by
148:
106:
95:
29:
7550:1949 births
7464:Mark Strong
7459:José Andrés
7414:Bear Grylls
7384:Scott Kelly
7374:Mark Hamill
7329:ambassadors
7243:Chancellors
7169:(newspaper)
7159:Burst Radio
6802:Kim Nasmyth
6760:Julian Hunt
6720:Arthur Cain
6710:Adrian Bird
6428:McKitterick
6374:Van der Wee
5871:John Skehel
5806:Peter Gruss
5571:Martin Rees
5453:Hugh Huxley
5246:Carl Wieman
5138:Nobel Prize
4930:John Gurdon
4845:Craig Mello
4841:Andrew Fire
4754:Eric Kandel
4730:Ferid Murad
4638:Erwin Neher
4550:Niels Jerne
4315:Har Khorana
4303:George Wald
4271:André Lwoff
4239:John Eccles
4127:John Enders
4099:Max Theiler
4060:Walter Hess
4052:Paul Müller
4016:Ernst Chain
3686:Emil Kocher
3646:Robert Koch
3638:Ivan Pavlov
3622:Ronald Ross
3427:Lord Adrian
3312:Lord Kelvin
3117:Hans Sloane
3090:Lord Somers
3042:Cyril Wyche
2939:Martin Rees
2915:Alan Fersht
2875:Peter Higgs
2783:Harry Kroto
2775:John Gurdon
2631:Martin Rees
2614:BBC Radio 4
2370:"About SFL"
2108:21 November
2060:11 November
2016:26 February
1991:26 February
1915:11 February
1803:youtube.com
834:Royal Medal
822:EMBO Member
802:Martin Rees
773:(ICRF, now
764:Melanie Lee
687:Nobel Prize
366:Royal Medal
342:EMBO Member
291:2 daughters
202:Preceded by
159:Preceded by
128:Preceded by
7544:Categories
7434:Paul Nurse
7226:Categories
7194:Manor Hall
7189:Wills Hall
7021:Governance
7004:University
6933:Paul Erdős
6905:Statute 12
6807:Paul Nurse
6755:Derek Hull
6745:Brian Heap
6725:Mark Child
6582:Van Golden
6499:McClelland
6315:Brunekreef
6244:Deisseroth
6166:Montagnier
6007:Van Deenen
5906:Philip Yea
5846:Paul Nurse
5642:Paul Nurse
5601:Ada Yonath
5277:Paul Nurse
5215:Kofi Annan
5178:Literature
4781:Paul Nurse
4115:Hans Krebs
4040:Gerty Cori
3988:Henrik Dam
3935:Otto Loewi
3931:Henry Dale
3157:James West
2991:Presidents
2859:Andre Geim
2807:Robert May
2791:Paul Nurse
2767:John Pople
2676:2003–2011
2643:2010–2015
2583:Paul Nurse
2350:. London:
2308:15 October
2263:14 October
2238:14 October
2212:14 October
2182:14 October
2138:14 October
2082:30 October
1966:14 October
1867:14 October
1740:14 October
1507:Paul Nurse
1466:Our Alumni
1451:13 October
1400:13 October
1320:Smith, Jim
1277:The Lancet
1184:13 October
1141:required.)
1098:References
1046:Jim Watson
793:, now the
679:green card
636:degree in
603:cell cycle
579:geneticist
424:Cell cycle
244:1949-01-25
121:Hugh Brady
7510:Biography
7233:Academics
7080:buildings
6606:Struycken
6594:B. Visser
6588:Koelewijn
6546:C. Visser
6511:Kanwisher
6487:Tomasello
6404:Schilling
6291:Harremoës
6238:Carmeliet
6196:Blackburn
6148:Lauterbur
6029:Reichardt
6019:Weissmann
5876:Jim Smith
5728:Funded by
5500:Ali Javan
5242:(Germany)
5147:Chemistry
5140:laureates
4982:Tu Youyou
4534:John Vane
4429:1976–2000
4090:1951–1975
4036:Carl Cori
3826:1926–1950
3605:1901–1925
3594:Laureates
3526:Lord Rees
3467:Lord Todd
2831:David Cox
2708:Incumbent
2521:26 August
1941:2 October
1783:11 August
1217:500529574
1127:Who's Who
980:socialist
581:, former
260:, England
196:2003–2011
192:In office
149:In office
139:61st
117:President
97:Incumbent
7327:United24
7272:Category
6876:Pat Wall
6679:elected
6475:Anderson
6398:De Vries
6351:Le Quéré
6327:Laurance
6297:Thompson
6261:Lovelock
6214:Steinman
6178:Marshall
6154:Van Rood
6141:Medicine
6131:Stillman
6107:De Lange
6089:Jeffreys
6053:Berridge
5983:Chargaff
5821:Tim Hunt
5271:Tim Hunt
4777:Tim Hunt
3518:Lord May
2602:The Moth
2419:32963368
2284:BBC News
2055:royal.uk
1825:Archived
1666:29840746
1658:15577889
1609:24156567
1566:27270696
1535:Genetics
1469:Archived
1358:23828914
1322:(2013).
1305:37007507
1297:22748588
1254:43404640
1086:See also
998:COVID-19
846:knighted
742:G2 phase
734:G1 phase
666:and the
644:and his
626:Alperton
599:Tim Hunt
566:HonFREng
414:Genetics
288:Children
57:HonFREng
7522:Biology
7496:Portals
7284:Commons
7165:Epigram
7016:History
6921:Foreign
6688:Fellows
6681:in 1989
6675:of the
6673:Fellows
6600:Manders
6558:Martens
6534:Verhoef
6517:Zatorre
6481:Dehaene
6452:McNeill
6440:Assmann
6410:Le Goff
6386:Oberman
6361:History
6285:Ehrlich
6267:Branica
6232:Jackson
6226:Alitalo
6220:Clevers
6172:De Wied
6160:Moncada
6095:Szostak
6071:Rothman
6001:De Duve
5989:Brachet
5226:Physics
5217:(Ghana)
5163:(Japan)
3596:of the
2993:of the
2474:13 July
2446:13 July
2397:Bibcode
1717:4300190
1709:3553962
1689:Bibcode
1636:Bibcode
1557:4896181
1336:Bibcode
1328:Science
872:by the
746:mitosis
738:S phase
709:at the
638:Biology
615:Norwich
562:FMedSci
296:Website
282:
274:
258:Norfolk
254:Norwich
53:FMedSci
7238:Alumni
7049:People
6632:(2020)
6626:(2018)
6620:(2016)
6614:(2014)
6608:(2012)
6602:(2010)
6596:(2008)
6590:(2006)
6584:(2004)
6578:(2002)
6572:(2000)
6570:Geelen
6566:(1998)
6560:(1996)
6554:(1994)
6552:Röling
6548:(1992)
6542:(1990)
6536:(1988)
6519:(2020)
6513:(2018)
6507:(2016)
6505:Spelke
6501:(2014)
6495:(2012)
6493:Duncan
6489:(2010)
6483:(2008)
6477:(2006)
6460:(2020)
6458:Daston
6454:(2018)
6448:(2016)
6446:Herrin
6442:(2014)
6436:(2012)
6434:Parker
6430:(2010)
6424:(2008)
6422:Israel
6418:(2006)
6412:(2004)
6406:(2002)
6400:(2000)
6394:(1998)
6388:(1996)
6382:(1994)
6376:(1992)
6370:(1990)
6353:(2020)
6347:(2018)
6345:Hebert
6341:(2016)
6335:(2014)
6329:(2012)
6323:(2010)
6321:Tilman
6317:(2008)
6311:(2006)
6305:(2004)
6299:(2002)
6293:(2000)
6287:(1998)
6281:(1996)
6275:(1994)
6269:(1992)
6263:(1990)
6246:(2020)
6240:(2018)
6234:(2016)
6228:(2014)
6222:(2012)
6216:(2010)
6210:(2008)
6204:(2006)
6198:(2004)
6192:(2002)
6190:Selkoe
6186:(2000)
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