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were far less than that of all-white public schools. Furthermore, they found that school administrators preached separate but equal quality of education for black and white students, despite evidence insisting on the opposite. The
Kiernan Commission, spearheaded by Dr. Owen Kiernan in 1964, gathered exceptional individuals working in the field of education and business to assess the status and quality of education in Boston public schools. They returned with evidence to back Parks and the committee's claims of unequal quality of education and found that at least 32 schools were subject to this. Despite the condemning evidence presented to the Boston School Committee, they rejected the proof and dismissed the report. In 1965, Parks and the Massachusetts State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights founded Operation Exodus, a program that buses black students to white schools outside of traditionally black neighborhoods in Boston. Additionally, Parks worked on establishing the Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity (METCO), a program that further supported racial desegregation in Boston schools by diversifying the student body and urged black students to enroll in predominantly white schools.
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507:. Parks was the first African American to be selected as a member of Dukakis's cabinet. As the Secretary of Educational Affairs, Parks was also the Executive Director of the Boston Model City Program, with the overarching goal of desegregating Boston schools and busing. Parks formed a council that would frequently report back to Governor Dukakis amidst a host of issues arising from the busing programs. Two decades following Parks's appointment as the Secretary of Educational Affairs, Parks then became the chairman of the Boston School Committee.
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Parks attributed these economic downfalls to the funding cuts to the program and advocated for it to remain in effect amidst several discussions of its termination. A statistical analysis conducted by Parks and his colleagues estimated that continued cuts to funding and termination of the program would cause more than $ 51 million in economic damage and a loss of 5,000 jobs. The program used federal funding of approximately $ 20 million to provide aid to 60,000 individuals in
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322:, Parks was renowned for his work and dedication to desegregating Boston public schools through his role in the execution of the Boston Model City program, a program designed to use federal funding to develop selected areas in Boston and achieve economic stability. Parks was also a member of the Massachusetts State Advisory Committee to the
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Parks, in 1964, as a member of the
Massachusetts State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, met with other members of the committee to revise evidence suggesting segregation in Boston public schools at that time. Parks and colleagues found that reading scores in black schools
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As the
Chairman of the NAACP Education Committee, Parks was responsible for the Boston Model City Program. Parks was able to identify the growing economic issues found within the selected areas the program was in effect, noting that the unemployment rate was four times that of metropolitan Boston.
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Parks was well known for his involvement in desegregating public schools in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed as
Massachusetts's Secretary of Educational Affairs, succeeding Joseph M. Cronin, who was the first to ever assume that role. Parks was appointed by Governor-elect, in 1974,
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in 1945 after being detached from his original engineer unit. At Dachau, responsibilities included identifying and burying bodies. With the conclusion of his
Western European military campaigns, Parks was eventually relocated to the Pacific South to assist in the liberation of the
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399:, where he served until 1945. Parks was a member of the 365th Engineer Regiment that sailed out of New York City on September 30, 1943 en route to Europe. As a combat engineer, his primary role was the detonation of mines. On June 6, 1944, the
456:. Notable commissions for the firm included the Methuen Junior High School, the Saint Stephen’s Episcopal Church Parish Hall, and a major hospital in Philadelphia, amongst others. The firm was eventually dissolved in 1967.
350:, an all-black institution in Indianapolis. Parks was awarded a $ 4,000 scholarship for winning an oratory contest in high school, and this monetary prize contributed to his college education when he enrolled at
646:
Sound recording of interview with Paul Parks, June 8, 2009, Lower
Roxbury Black History Project records, 2007-2009 (M165), Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University Libraries, EH 2.
444:(1951-1952), Parks helped with the design of the New Jersey Garden State Parkway. Following these experiences, he worked on the design of missiles and contributed to nuclear engineering research at Chance
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ancestry. Parks married
Dorothy Alexander on February 2, 1947 with whom he had three children: Paul Jr., Pamela, and Stacy. In 1972, Parks married Virginia Loftman. Parks died of
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Upon discharge from the military, Parks's initial work experience came in the form of planning and designing the new freeway system in
Indiana as part of the
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Aircraft (1953-1958), respectively. In 1957, Parks co-founded an architectural firm called
Associated Architects and Engineer with fellow African-American
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Marquard, Bryan (August 2009). "Paul Parks, state, city education official; 86 Paul Parks, state, city education official, dies at 86". The Boston Globe.
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738:"Proposal submitted to the department of housing and urban development in response to rfp 265-74, reference asa 1-c, submitted by the city of Boston"
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Parks's engineering work also led him to numerous international opportunities. While still with his architectural firm, Parks traveled to regions of
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Thomas
Farragher, and Walter V. Robinson, Globe Staff. "A Veteran's Story of WWII Exploits Raises Questions B'nai B'rith Award Now Under Review: .
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Walter V. Robinson, and Thomas Farragher, Globe Staff. "Untangling Paul Parks's Tall Tales Records Contradict More Wartime Stories: ."
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Oyama, David (23 September 1963). "8000 Marchers in Roxbury Protest Segregation in City's Public Schools". The Harvard Crimson.
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Hearings held in Boston, Mass., March 23, 24; New York, N.Y., March 26, 27; Los Angeles, Calif., March 29, and 30, 1973
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https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=INR19470208-01.1.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------
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in 1968 to serve as a consultant to its public systems involving education, housing, health, and justice.
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Johnson, John F (1947). "Miss Dorothy L. Alexander, Paul Parks Exchange Vows In Historic Baptist Church"
440:(1951), where he contributed to the design of dams and hydroelectric powerhouses as a hired engineer. At
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665:“Paul Parks, Noted Engineer Devoted to Good Works.” Vineyard Gazette. Aug. 6, 2009. Web. 25 Feb. 2021.
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1003:"Paul Parks To Head Model City Program". Bay State Banner. Ethnic NewsWatch. 28 December 1967.
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appointed Parks to the Boston School Committee, where he was also the first African American.
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Karagianis, Maria. "Paul Parks--Politically Astute Reformer in a Suit: Profile in the News."
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during this invasion. Parks was also involved with the liberation of the
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descent. His mother, Hazel, was a social worker. Parks grew up in
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African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary 1865-1945
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Echoes and Reflections: a Multimedia Curriculum on the Holocaust
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Parks was a member of professional organizations including the
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Parks’s father, Cleab, was a disabled World War I veteran of
981:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1974. pp. 774–779.
782:"Paul Parks Obituary - (2009) - Boston, MA - Boston Globe"
685:"Paul Parks, state, city, education official, dies at 86"
612:"Model Cities Funded". Bay State Banner. 23 January 1969.
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fraternity. Before completing his Bachelor of Science in
633:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1967. pp. 7–8.
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as a combat engineer. Afforded by the benefits of the
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American civil engineer and civic leader (1923-2009)
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Hearing Held in Boston, Massachusetts, October 4–5
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280:(May 7, 1923 – August 1, 2009) was an American
909:April 24, 1958, pp. 17. Retrieved Mar. 3, 2021
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436:(1949-1951). He then moved to Boston to join
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284:. Parks became the first
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1315:1923 births
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469:Ivory Coast
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413:Omaha Beach
316:Omaha Beach
138:Nationality
100:May 7, 1923
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1309:Categories
1293:Paul Parks
881:. London:
555:References
513:Dorchester
278:Paul Parks
207:Allegiance
192:Occupation
177:Alma mater
96:1923-05-07
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