2323:
1805:
536:. Again, he used this call to better his position at Stuttgart by negotiating for a second assistant, the permanent conversion of his position to that of ordinarius professor, and a separate building for his activities. The building was formally opened in 1930 as the Institute for Theoretical Physics, with Ewald as director. The institute was modeled after Sommerfeld’s Institute for Theoretical Physics at Munich, in that it would conduct theoretical work as well as have space and equipment for experimental work.
479:, at Easter, in 1911. It was Sommerfeld’s practice to take his students and assistants on skiing outings in the winter and mountain climbing outings in the summer, where the discussions of physics were as hard as the physical exertion of the outings. Ewald, was having trouble subtracting out of his calculations the field of the test dipole. The solution was provided by Sommerfeld’s assistant and former doctoral student,
2716:
683:(IUCr) that would have sole responsibility for publishing crystallographic research. In 1946, he was elected chairman of the Provisional International Crystallographic Committee, in a London meeting of crystallographers, from 13 countries; he served in this capacity until 1948, when the Union was formed. The Committee also nominated him Editor of the journal to be published by the Union. The first issue of
2728:
377:
With the rise of theoretical physics in the early part of the twentieth century and its foundation in mathematics, David
Hilbert decided to lend an organizing hand to formalizing the sciences, starting with physics. In 1912, Hilbert asked his friend and colleague Arnold Sommerfeld to send him a
361:
about his thesis topic. The wavelengths of concern to Ewald were in the visible region of the spectrum and hence much larger than the spacing between the resonators in Ewald’s crystal model. Laue seemed distracted and wanted to know what would be the effect if much smaller wavelengths were
474:
method of analyzing dipole fields in crystals, an offshoot from his earlier work on the dynamical theory of optics and X-rays in crystals, which appeared in three journal publications. According to Ewald, the impetus for the method came from a skiing holiday in
651:, who got his doctorate under Sommerfeld in 1928, bumped into Ewald's daughter Rose, who had already emigrated to the United States and who was attending the school. They were married in September 1939. Thus, Bethe became son-in-law to Paul Peter Ewald.
519:. Ewald used the offer to better his position at Stuttgart to ordinarius professor; however, while Ewald was promoted to ordinarius professor, the established position was actually retained as an extraordinarius professorship.
349:
at his
Institute for Theoretical Physics. He was granted his doctorate in 1912. His doctoral thesis developed the laws of propagation of X-rays in single crystals. After earning his doctorate, he was an assistant to Sommerfeld.
1630:
602:
In 1929, in order to remove confusion from the proliferation of crystallographic data, Ewald proposed review and collection of the best data into a single publication. The results were published in 1935 as the
526:, also a former doctoral student of Sommerfeld, did postgraduate work at the Stuttgart Technische Hochschule under Ewald; Fues completed his Habilitation in 1924. Also in that year, Ewald became co-editor of
2799:
2593:
528:
2794:
2588:
700:. He served on the IUCr Executive Committee from its foundation until 1966, and he was its Vice-President in 1957 and President in 1960, a position he held until 1963. His editorship of its journal
2784:
393:, a boarding house run by Sister Annie at Dahlmannstrasse 17. The name was derived from the first letters of the last names of its boarders: “El” for Ella Philippson (a medical student), “Bo” for
378:
special assistant for physics. Sommerfeld sent Ewald, who was dubbed as “Hilbert’s tutor for physics”, and he performed this function until 1913, when
Sommerfeld sent another one of his students,
624:
in
Germany, he resigned his position in the spring of 1933, one year before his term was due to expire. Ewald continued with his other activities. However, over increasing problems with the
2644:
1698:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 5 Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics. Part 2 The Creation of Wave Mechanics: Early Response and Applications 1925 - 1926.
679:, Ewald was concerned that peace would result in the establishment of multiple, competing national journals of crystallography. So, in 1944, at Oxford, he proposed the establishment of an
1670:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 1 Part 2 The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld 1900–1925: Its Foundation and the Rise of Its Difficulties.
1656:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 1 Part 1 The Quantum Theory of Planck, Einstein, Bohr and Sommerfeld 1900–1925: Its Foundation and the Rise of Its Difficulties.
885:
155:
1481:, P. P. Ewald and C. Hermann, editors (Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, 1931). After 1939, the reports were published in the United States under the name
382:. The first problem assigned to Ewald was to review the controversy in the literature on the constants of elasticity in crystals and report back. A few years later,
451:, Ewald served in the German military as a medical technician. When he could, he continued to think about the physics of his doctoral thesis, and he developed the
1560:
317:, where his interests turned primarily to mathematics. At that time, Göttingen was a world-class center of mathematics under the three “Mandarins” of Göttingen:
2462:
1684:
The
Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Volume 5 Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics. Part 1 Schrödinger in Vienna and Zurich 1887-1925.
1403:
1323:
2649:
2374:
625:
1463:
2769:
2540:
1832:
2789:
605:
1126:
2774:
1451:
384-387 (1925). This article was published in the 1 May 1925 issue. – This reference cited in: Mehra, Volume 5, Part 2, 2001, pp. 582-583 and 897.
1379:
333:, a paid position as a scribe, i.e. he would take notes in Hilbert’s classes, have the notes approved by Hilbert’s assistant — at that time,
483:, in a discussion that took no more than 15 minutes. Ewald’s paper has been widely cited in the literature as well as scientific books, such as
409:, a mathematician and Privatdozent, called these people the “in group”. It was here that Ewald met Ella Philippson, who was to become his wife.
2639:
2631:
744:
680:
342:
2779:
2764:
2692:
2670:
1752:
1428:
697:
689:
was published in 1948, the same year that Ewald chaired the first
General Assembly and International Congress of the IUCr, which was held at
2685:
2535:
2201:
2066:
1915:
1775:
Oral
History interview transcript with Paul Peter Ewald on 29 March 1962, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1360:
1770:
Oral History interview transcript with Paul Peter Ewald on 1 April 1959, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1747:
S.G. Podorov, A. Nazarkin, "Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Theory Versus Classical Dynamical Theory" - Recent Res. Devel. Optics, 7 (2009)
1604:
786:
2675:
2573:
2269:
1793:
Oral History interview transcript with Paul Peter Ewald on 24 May 1968, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1787:
Oral History interview transcript with Paul Peter Ewald on 17 May 1968, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1156:
1298-1307 (1913). Received 19 October 1913. – Paper cited in: Mehra, Volume 1, Part 1, p. 202 and Mehra, Volume 1, Part 2, 2001, p. 770.
729:
353:
During the 1911 Christmas recess and in January 1912, Ewald was finishing the writing of his doctoral thesis. It was on a walk through
1781:
Oral History interview transcript with Paul Peter Ewald on 8 May 1962, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1609:(Reprinted in pdf format for the IUCr XVIII Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, Copyright © 1962, 1999 International Union of Crystallography)
823:
106:
1922:
561:
Upon seeing the book, Ewald was compelled to write a detailed review describing it as providing mathematical tools, characterized by
2697:
2555:
2525:
2454:
1733:
1719:
1705:
1691:
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1663:
1643:
1623:
710:
665:
181:
587:
wave mechanics formulation, both put forward in 1925. The main thrust of Ewald’s work was X-ray crystallography, and Ewald was the
2407:
845:
1489:
2680:
2603:
2477:
2076:
1740:
660:
508:
452:
173:
2437:
628:, Wilhelm Stortz, University Rector, asked Ewald to leave. He emigrated to England in 1937 along with his mother, the painter
2515:
713:, as a professor and head of the physics department. He retired as head of the department in 1957 and from teaching in 1959.
533:
1033:
791:(Reprinted in pdf format for the IUCr XVIII Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, 1962, 1999 International Union of Crystallography)
2530:
2520:
1825:
637:
177:
2302:
2654:
1927:
1905:
1614:
765:
2332:
2206:
1960:
1855:
723:
251:
1076:
2322:
2804:
2732:
2563:
1860:
818:
436:. This ignited a major new area of research for Sommerfeld and his students — the study and interpretation of
314:
306:
111:
83:
1615:
End of the Certain World: The Life and Science of Max Born. The Nobel Physicist Who Ignited the Quantum Revolution
2578:
2507:
1965:
1955:
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1400:
1320:
402:
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2444:
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2213:
2176:
1970:
1950:
1818:
417:
2128:
1769:
516:
1806:
International Union of Crystallography Paul Peter Ewald records, 1936-1967, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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2071:
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79:
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371:
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1308:
1271:
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1223:
1199:
2621:
2417:
2379:
2138:
1872:
1123:
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512:
145:
1376:
709:
A decade after moving to Belfast, Ewald moved to the United States in 1949 and took a position at the
2759:
2754:
2345:
2218:
2054:
1945:
935:
584:
568:
The Courant-Hilbert book fortuitously contained the mathematics necessary for the development of the
504:
459:. At the conclusion of the war, he returned to LMU as an assistant to Sommerfeld. He completed his
456:
87:
1536:
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at Stuttgart in 1932. However, due to increasing difficulties with faculty who were members of
2545:
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2012:
1882:
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1729:
1715:
1701:
1687:
1673:
1659:
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1639:
1619:
1424:
1283:
Jungnickel, Volume 2, 1990, p. 284, quoting from references given in Footnote 100 on the page.
1011:
850:
P. P. Ewald and His Dynamical Theory of X-ray Diffraction: A Memorial Volume for Paul P. Ewald
813:
617:
580:
569:
346:
326:
271:
205:
101:
2583:
2389:
2307:
2297:
2096:
2029:
2000:
1993:
943:
894:
747:
established the Ewald Prize for outstanding contributions to the science of crystallography.
732:
576:
341: — the mathematics reading room. In 1907, he continued his mathematical studies at the
283:
200:
150:
68:
64:
2472:
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2432:
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2151:
2086:
2049:
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1407:
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1037:
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644:
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considered. It was not until June of that year that Ewald heard Sommerfeld report to the
334:
290:, where he learned to speak Greek, French, and English, in addition to his native German.
263:
97:
828:
379:
115:
939:
313:, during the winter of 1905. In 1906 and 1907, he continued his formal education at the
2282:
2247:
2235:
2230:
2196:
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2156:
2115:
2059:
1983:
1937:
471:
437:
2748:
2427:
2240:
2039:
1648:
1486:
547:
507:
let it be known that he was leaving his position as extraordinarius professor at the
322:
215:
515:, Ewald was called and accepted the position in 1921. In 1922, he was called to the
2133:
2123:
2017:
1900:
1505:
676:
655:
596:
464:
460:
398:
367:
358:
235:
1738:
Sommerfeld, Arnold, translated from the fourth German edition by Martin O. Stern
1517:
The Dozentenbund was an association of National Socialist lecturers at Stuttgart.
1071:
Both Hilbert and Minkowski, then at Göttingen, had gotten their doctorates under
370:, Paul Knipping and Walter Friedrich at LMU, for which Laue would be awarded the
2616:
2287:
2161:
1988:
1030:
629:
562:
480:
448:
429:
424:
for publication. Later that year, Ewald attended the Birmingham meeting of the
318:
302:
131:
2181:
1867:
876:
648:
554:, edited them and added to them to write a two-volume work. The first volume,
523:
476:
433:
421:
413:
922:
Juretschke, H. J.; Moodie, A. F.; Wagenfeld, H. K.; Bethe, H. A. (May 1986).
1890:
1293:
764:
Paul Peter Ewald, Theodor Pöschl, Ludwig Prandtl; authorized translation by
633:
492:
310:
298:
267:
899:
880:
658:, Sommerfeld organized his lecture notes and began writing the six-volume
2487:
2257:
2005:
1588:
573:
488:
394:
383:
1631:
Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein
539:
In 1931, Ewald was appointed director of the physical science division.
2497:
440:
and molecular band spectroscopy and theoretical modeling of atomic and
294:
287:
46:
948:
923:
908:
565:
and eigenfunctions, for the theoretical physics then being developed.
588:
188:
42:
405:(a Privatdozent), and “Re” for Albrecht Renner (a medical student).
329:. While studying at Göttingen, Ewald was taken on by Hilbert as an
2492:
1810:
1014:– Mathematics Genealogy Project. Ewald’s 1912 dissertation title:
672:, which appeared in the English translation of Sommerfeld’s work.
621:
1814:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1189:
Die Berechnung optischer und elektrostatischer Gitterpotentiale
640:
in 1939. He later became a professor of mathematical physics.
1147:
Bericht ĂĽber die Tagung der British Association in Birmingham
606:
Internationale Tabellen zur Bestimmung von Kristallstrukturen
470:
In 1921, while still at LMU, Ewald published a paper on the
389:
During Ewald’s stay in Göttingen, he was often a visitor at
773:
The Physics of Solids and Fluids: With Recent Developments
282:
Ewald received his early education in the classics at the
2594:
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – New Crystal Structures
2800:
Presidents of the International Union of Crystallography
2589:
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials
366:
of Göttingen on the successful diffraction of X-rays by
2795:
Presidents of the American Crystallographic Association
2482:
467:
there, while remaining as an assistant to Sommerfeld.
1026:
1024:
636:, until he was offered and accepted a lectureship at
609:. Another contribution by Ewald, published in 1931,
2785:
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
1741:
Mechanics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume I
886:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
194:
Dispersion und Doppelbrechung von Elektronengittern
2663:
2630:
2602:
2554:
2506:
2453:
2400:
2331:
2114:
2105:
2028:
1936:
1881:
1848:
1442:
Ein Buch ĂĽber mathematische Physik: Courant-Hilbert
1016:
Dispersion und Doppelbrechung von Elektronengittern
231:
221:
211:
199:
187:
169:
141:
121:
93:
75:
53:
28:
21:
1638:. University of Chicago Press, Paper cover, 1990.
881:"Paul Peter Ewald. 23 January 1888-22 August 1985"
416:, of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the
798:(Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, 1970)
16:German crystallographer and physicist (1888–1985)
1636:The Now Mighty Theoretical Physics, 1870 to 1925
780:Der Weg der Forschung (insbesondere der Physik)
401:) and Hans Bolza (a physics student), “Ka” for
1584:
1582:
1353:
1351:
1349:
357:in Munich, in January, that Ewald was telling
337: — and then prepare a clean copy for the
1826:
706:extended from its inception in 1948 to 1959.
8:
1628:Jungnickel, Christa and Russell McCormmach.
848:, Hellmut J. Juretschke, N.` Kato (editors)
696:In 1952, Ewald was elected president of the
428:where he heard accounts and discussions of
2660:
2111:
1933:
1878:
1833:
1819:
1811:
1508:had become Chancellor on January 30, 1933.
1261:Zur BegrĂĽndung der Kristalloptik. Teil III
1135:On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules
550:lecture notes which were available in the
18:
1237:Zur BegrĂĽndung der Kristalloptik. Teil II
947:
898:
1213:Zur BegrĂĽndung der Kristalloptik. Teil I
1062:Jungnickel, Volume 2, 1990, pp. 284-285.
599:, both useful constructs in that field.
1591:, iucr.org. Accessed September 5, 2022.
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
865:
1696:Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg
1682:Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg
1668:Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg
1576:Sommerfeld, Volume I, 1964, pp. v-vii.
1165:Mehra, Volume 5, Part 1, 2001, p. 249.
745:International Union of Crystallography
681:International Union of Crystallography
343:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
871:
869:
698:American Crystallographic Association
532:. In 1929, he received a call to the
453:dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction
7:
2727:
2067:Phase transformation crystallography
1421:Methoden der mathematischen Physik I
1297:Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices
796:On the Foundations of Crystal Optics
613:was edited by Ewald and C. Hermann.
611:Strukturbericht Volume I (1913-1928)
556:Methoden der mathematischen Physik I
485:Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices
386:, at Göttingen, solved the problem.
293:Ewald began his higher education in
2574:Journal of Chemical Crystallography
730:Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
455:, which he was later to use in his
1541:The Dictionary of Ulster Biography
1419:Richard Courant and David Hilbert
632:, and took a research position in
14:
1526:Ulrich Dehlinger succeeded Ewald.
1479:Vol. I: Strukturbericht 1913-1928
711:Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
666:Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
182:Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
2770:20th-century American physicists
2726:
2715:
2714:
2321:
1040:– American Philosophical Society
529:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Kristallographie
258:23, 1888 – August
2790:Winners of the Max Planck Medal
1367:– IURC. Stuttgart honors Ewald.
1330:– ITAP University of Stuttgart.
1299:(Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1954)
670:Foreword to Sommerfeld’s Course
661:Lectures on Theoretical Physics
509:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
432:review on radiation theory and
174:Technische Hochschule Stuttgart
2775:20th-century German physicists
2516:Bilbao Crystallographic Server
1410:– ITAP University of Stuttgart
824:Ewald–Oseen extinction theorem
420:, submitted his theory of the
107:Ewald–Oseen extinction theorem
1:
1606:50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction
1567:. Accessed September 5, 2022.
1341:50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction
1311:– University of Pennsylvania.
1274:– University of Pennsylvania.
1250:– University of Pennsylvania.
1226:– University of Pennsylvania.
1202:– University of Pennsylvania.
1176:50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction
1051:50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction
788:50 Years of X-Ray Diffraction
759:Kristalle und Röntgenstrahlen
534:Technische Hochschule Hanover
2780:Fellows of the Royal Society
1270:519-597 (1917), as cited in
1246:117-143 (1916), as cited in
1198:253-287 (1921), as cited in
212:Other academic advisors
2564:Crystal Growth & Design
1856:Timeline of crystallography
1612:Greenspan, Nancy Thorndike
1537:"Clara Ewald (1859 - 1948)"
989:Greenspan, 2005, pp. 26-34.
724:Fellow of the Royal Society
232:Other notable students
2821:
2375:Nuclear magnetic resonance
879:; Hildebrandt, G. (1988).
819:Multiple scattering theory
638:Queen's University Belfast
558:, was published in 1924.
364:Physikalische Gesellschaft
307:Gonville and Caius College
178:Queen's University Belfast
112:Multiple scattering theory
2765:Scientists from Göttingen
2710:
2579:Journal of Crystal Growth
2319:
1466:November 3, 2005, at the
1386:– University of Stuttgart
1222:1-38 (1916), as cited in
924:"Obituary: Paul P. Ewald"
846:Durward W. J. Cruickshank
785:Peter Paul Ewald, editor
241:
162:
2445:Single particle analysis
2303:Hermann–Mauguin notation
1077:University of Königsberg
675:Also, toward the end of
418:University of Copenhagen
2569:Crystallography Reviews
2413:Isomorphous replacement
2207:Lomer–Cottrell junction
1178:Chapter 20, p. 456-457.
1114:Greenspan, 2005, p. 53.
1073:Ferdinand von Lindemann
854:Oxford University Press
775:(Blackie and Son, 1930)
770:Winifred Margaret Deans
412:In the spring of 1913,
315:University of Göttingen
262:22, 1985) was a German
84:University of Göttingen
80:University of Cambridge
2082:Spinodal decomposition
1744:(Academic Press, 1964)
1618:. (Basic Books, 2005)
900:10.1098/rsbm.1988.0006
703:Acta Crystallographica
686:Acta Crystallographica
463:in 1917, and became a
372:Nobel Prize in Physics
2622:Gregori Aminoff Prize
2418:Molecular replacement
1603:Ewald, P. P., editor
1053:Chapter 4, pp. 37-42.
782:(A. Bonz'erben, 1932)
739:Gregori Aminoff Prize
517:University of MĂĽnster
513:University of Breslau
146:Gregori Aminoff Prize
1928:Structure prediction
1800:Archival collections
1343:Chapter 20, pg. 460.
1105:, 1996, pp. 129-133.
1079:, as had Sommerfeld.
457:Habilitationsschrift
88:University of Munich
2192:Cottrell atmosphere
2172:Partial dislocation
1916:Restriction theorem
1031:Author Index: Ewald
940:1986PhT....39e.101J
834:George Doundoulakis
643:While lecturing at
442:molecular structure
426:British Association
403:Theodore von Kármán
226:Achilles Papapetrou
128:Paul Ewald (father)
2612:Carl Hermann Medal
2423:Molecular dynamics
2270:Defects in diamond
2265:Stone–Wales defect
1911:Reciprocal lattice
1873:Biocrystallography
1492:1999-02-18 at the
1423:(Springer, 1968);
1406:2007-02-20 at the
1382:2005-11-03 at the
1363:2007-09-30 at the
1326:2007-02-20 at the
1129:2007-07-04 at the
1036:2007-02-05 at the
691:Harvard University
622:National Socialism
616:Ewald was elected
593:Ewald construction
2805:Crystallographers
2742:
2741:
2706:
2705:
2313:Thermal ellipsoid
2278:
2277:
2187:Frank–Read source
2147:
2146:
2013:Aperiodic crystal
1979:
1978:
1861:Crystallographers
1753:978-81-308-0370-8
1728:(Springer, 1996)
1714:(Springer, 1996)
1700:(Springer, 2001)
1686:(Springer, 2001)
1672:(Springer, 2001)
1658:(Springer, 2001)
1653:Helmut Rechenberg
1483:Structure Reports
1440:Paul Peter Ewald
1429:978-3-540-04177-1
1259:Paul Peter Ewald
1235:Paul Peter Ewald
1211:Paul Peter Ewald
1187:Paul Peter Ewald
1145:Paul Peter Ewald
949:10.1063/1.2815014
794:Peter Paul Ewald
778:Paul Peter Ewald
757:Paul Peter Ewald
581:quantum mechanics
505:Erwin Schrödinger
422:Bohr atomic model
355:Englischer Garten
347:Arnold Sommerfeld
327:Hermann Minkowski
272:X-ray diffraction
245:
244:
222:Doctoral students
206:Arnold Sommerfeld
164:Scientific career
2812:
2730:
2729:
2718:
2717:
2661:
2584:Kristallografija
2438:Gerchberg–Saxton
2333:Characterisation
2325:
2308:Structure factor
2112:
2097:Ostwald ripening
1934:
1879:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1724:Reid, Constance
1710:Reid, Constance
1592:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1533:
1527:
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1028:
1019:
1012:Paul Peter Ewald
1009:
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996:
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987:
981:
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951:
919:
913:
912:
902:
873:
761:(Springer, 1923)
733:Max Planck medal
668:, Ewald wrote a
654:Near the end of
577:matrix mechanics
264:crystallographer
261:
257:
248:Paul Peter Ewald
201:Doctoral advisor
151:Max Planck Medal
109:
60:
39:January 23, 1888
38:
36:
23:Paul Peter Ewald
19:
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2473:CrystalExplorer
2449:
2433:Phase retrieval
2396:
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2317:
2274:
2253:Schottky defect
2152:Perfect crystal
2143:
2139:Abnormal growth
2101:
2087:Supersaturation
2050:Miscibility gap
2031:
2024:
1975:
1932:
1896:Bravais lattice
1877:
1844:
1842:Crystallography
1839:
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809:Ewald summation
805:
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719:
664:. While at the
645:Duke University
579:formulation of
544:Richard Courant
501:
407:Richard Courant
335:Ernst Hellinger
280:
270:, a pioneer of
259:
255:
180:
176:
154:
149:
137:
114:
110:
105:
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100:
98:Ewald summation
86:
82:
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58:
57:August 23, 1985
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2408:Direct methods
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2293:Ewald's sphere
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2267:
2262:
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2255:
2245:
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2238:
2236:Frenkel defect
2233:
2231:Bjerrum defect
2223:
2222:
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2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:Peierls stress
2194:
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2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Burgers vector
2159:
2157:Stacking fault
2154:
2148:
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2141:
2136:
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2126:
2120:
2118:
2116:Grain boundary
2109:
2103:
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2100:
2099:
2094:
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2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2063:
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2060:Liquid crystal
2057:
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1923:Periodic table
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1764:Oral histories
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1760:
1759:External links
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1666:
1649:Mehra, Jagdish
1646:
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1593:
1578:
1569:
1565:New York Times
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1094:
1092:, 1996, p. 43.
1081:
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934:(5): 101–104.
914:
864:
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814:Ewald's sphere
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799:
792:
783:
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741:
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718:
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542:At Göttingen,
500:
497:
472:theta function
438:atomic spectra
286:in Berlin and
279:
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102:Ewald's sphere
95:
94:Known for
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63:
61:(aged 97)
55:
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2428:Patterson map
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2298:Friedel's law
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2241:Wigner effect
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2226:Interstitials
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2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
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2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Precipitation
2070:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:Phase diagram
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
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1758:
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1735:
1734:0-387-94674-8
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:0-387-94670-5
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:0-387-95180-6
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:0-387-95179-2
1689:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:0-387-95175-X
1675:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:0-387-95174-1
1661:
1657:
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1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:0-226-41585-6
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1627:
1625:
1624:0-7382-0693-8
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1333:
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1314:
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1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:Max Born and
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1256:
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1021:
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970:
968:
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929:
928:Physics Today
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631:
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623:
619:
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594:
590:
586:
585:Schrödinger’s
583:and also for
582:
578:
575:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
537:
535:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:
514:
511:to go to the
510:
506:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
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468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
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387:
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345:(LMU), under
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:David Hilbert
320:
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275:
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227:
224:
220:
217:
216:David Hilbert
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81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
52:
48:
44:
31:
27:
20:
2731:
2719:
2664:Associations
2632:Organisation
2124:Disclination
2055:Polymorphism
2018:Quasicrystal
1961:Orthorhombic
1901:Miller index
1849:Key concepts
1795:- Session II
1783:- Session II
1739:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1655:
1635:
1634:. Volume 2:
1629:
1613:
1605:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1506:Adolf Hitler
1501:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1456:
1448:
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890:
884:
877:Bethe, H. A.
849:
840:Bibliography
829:Pendellösung
795:
787:
779:
772:
758:
708:
701:
695:
684:
677:World War II
674:
669:
659:
656:World War II
653:
642:
626:Dozentenbund
615:
610:
604:
601:
597:Ewald sphere
567:
560:
555:
551:
541:
538:
527:
521:
502:
484:
469:
465:Privatdozent
461:Habilitation
446:
434:Bohr’s model
430:James Jeans’
411:
399:Privatdozent
390:
388:
380:Alfred Landé
376:
368:Max von Laue
363:
359:Max von Laue
354:
352:
338:
330:
292:
281:
247:
246:
236:Carl Hermann
193:
170:Institutions
163:
116:Pendellösung
59:(1985-08-23)
2760:1985 deaths
2755:1888 births
2617:Ewald Prize
2385:Diffraction
2363:Diffraction
2346:Diffraction
2288:Bragg plane
2283:Bragg's law
2162:Dislocation
2077:Segregation
1989:Crystallite
1906:Point group
1789:- Session I
1777:- Session I
1589:Ewald Prize
893:: 135–176.
743:1986 – The
630:Clara Ewald
563:eigenvalues
522:From 1922,
481:Peter Debye
449:World War I
391:El BoKaReBo
374:, in 1914.
331:Ausarbeiter
319:Felix Klein
303:mathematics
132:Clara Ewald
2749:Categories
2401:Algorithms
2390:Scattering
2368:Scattering
2351:Scattering
2219:Slip bands
2182:Cross slip
2032:transition
1966:Tetragonal
1956:Monoclinic
1868:Metallurgy
1598:References
1561:Hans Bethe
1461:Ewaldkugle
1446:Naturwiss.
1265:Ann. Phys.
1241:Ann. Phys.
1217:Ann. Phys.
1193:Ann. Phys.
998:Constance
980:– Memorial
766:J. Dougall
649:Hans Bethe
570:Heisenberg
552:Lesezimmer
546:had taken
524:Erwin Fues
477:Mittenwald
414:Niels Bohr
339:Lesezimmer
35:1888-01-23
2508:Databases
1971:Triclinic
1951:Hexagonal
1891:Unit cell
1883:Structure
1294:Kun Huang
1151:Phys. Zs.
647:in 1937,
634:Cambridge
548:Hilbert’s
493:Kun Huang
311:Cambridge
299:chemistry
284:Gymnasium
278:Education
274:methods.
268:physicist
76:Education
2721:Category
2556:Journals
2488:OctaDist
2483:JANA2020
2455:Software
2341:Electron
2258:F-center
2045:Eutectic
2006:Fiveling
2001:Twinning
1994:Equiaxed
1490:Archived
1464:Archived
1404:Archived
1380:Archived
1361:Archived
1324:Archived
1127:Archived
1034:Archived
803:See also
595:and the
489:Max Born
395:Max Born
384:Max Born
254:(January
156:ForMemRS
134:(mother)
69:New York
2733:Commons
2681:Germany
2358:Neutron
2248:Vacancy
2107:Defects
2092:GP-zone
1938:Systems
1726:Hilbert
1712:Courant
1485:. See
1103:Hilbert
1090:Courant
1075:at the
1002:p. 109.
1000:Hilbert
936:Bibcode
856:, 1992)
737:1979 –
728:1978 –
722:1958 –
447:During
295:physics
288:Potsdam
122:Parents
47:Germany
2676:France
2671:Europe
2604:Awards
2134:Growth
1984:Growth
1751:
1732:
1718:
1704:
1690:
1676:
1662:
1651:, and
1642:
1622:
1427:
1339:Ewald
1174:Ewald
1049:Ewald
909:770049
907:
717:Honors
618:Rector
589:eponym
499:Career
487:, by
325:, and
301:, and
260:
256:
189:Thesis
158:(1958)
153:(1978)
148:(1979)
142:Awards
65:Ithaca
43:Berlin
2698:Japan
2645:IOBCr
2498:SHELX
2493:Olex2
2380:X-ray
2030:Phase
1946:Cubic
1546:9 May
1401:Ewald
1377:Ewald
1358:Ewald
1321:Ewald
1309:Ewald
1272:Ewald
1248:Ewald
1224:Ewald
1200:Ewald
1101:Reid
1088:Reid
978:Ewald
905:JSTOR
861:Notes
752:Books
503:When
491:and
2640:IUCr
2541:ICDD
2536:ICSD
2521:CCDC
2468:Coot
2463:CCP4
2214:Slip
2177:Kink
1749:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1548:2021
1425:ISBN
1124:Bohr
768:and
574:Born
266:and
54:Died
29:Born
2655:DMG
2650:RAS
2546:PDB
2531:COD
2526:CIF
2478:DSR
2202:GND
2129:CSL
944:doi
895:doi
591:of
397:(a
309:in
305:at
252:FRS
2751::
2693:US
2686:UK
1581:^
1563:,
1539:.
1449:13
1444:,
1391:^
1348:^
1268:54
1263:,
1244:49
1239:,
1220:49
1215:,
1196:64
1191:,
1154:14
1149:,
1133:-
1023:^
958:^
942:.
932:39
930:.
926:.
903:.
891:34
889:.
883:.
868:^
693:.
495:.
444:.
321:,
297:,
250:,
67:,
45:,
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1550:.
1496:.
1431:.
1018:.
952:.
946::
938::
911:.
897::
852:(
572:-
37:)
33:(
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