206:. The poem was meant to appeal to Northerners' sense of urgency and, as a call for action, noted that history favors the courageous. Longfellow, who often used poetry to remind readers of cultural and moral values, warns at the end of the poem of a coming "hour of darkness and peril and need", implying the breakup of the Union, and suggests that the "people will waken and listen to hear" the midnight message again. By emphasizing common history, he was attempting to dissolve social tensions.
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Revere: the historical Paul Revere did not receive the lantern signal, but actually was the one who ordered it to be set up. The poem also depicts Revere rowing himself across the
Charles River when, in reality, he was rowed over by others. He also did not reach Concord that night. Another inaccuracy
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of the 1870s. In 1875, for example, the Old North Church mentioned in the poem began an annual custom called the "lantern ceremony" recreating the action of the poem. Three years later, the Church added a plaque noting it as the site of "the signal lanterns of Paul Revere". Revere's elevated
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349:. Upon Revere's death in 1818, for example, his obituary did not mention his midnight ride but instead focused on his business sense and his many friends. The fame that Longfellow brought to Revere, however, did not materialize until after the Civil War amidst the
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on the road to
Concord. Prescott and Dawes escaped, but Revere was detained and questioned and then escorted by three British officers back to Lexington. Of the three riders, only Prescott arrived at Concord in time to warn the militia there.
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The majority of criticism, however, notes that
Longfellow gave sole credit to Revere for the collective achievements of three riders (as well as other riders, whose names do not survive to history). In fact, Revere and
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Longfellow was inspired to write the poem after visiting the Old North Church and climbing its tower on April 5, 1860. He began writing the poem the next day. It was first published in the
January 1861 issue of
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The poem fluctuates between past and present tense, sometimes in the same sentence, symbolically pulling the actions of the
Revolution into modern times and displaying an event with timeless sympathies.
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Modern critics of the poem emphasize not the poem's overall quality of writing, but its many historical inaccuracies. For example, the poem depicts the lantern signal in the Old North Church as meant
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were marching from Boston to
Lexington to arrest them and seize Patriot weapons stores in Concord. Revere and Dawes rode toward Concord, where the militia's arsenal was hidden; they were joined by
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105:. The unnamed friend climbs up the steeple and soon sets up two signal lanterns, informing Revere that the British are coming by sea. Revere rides his horse through
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Longfellow's poem is not historically accurate but his "mistakes" were deliberate. He had researched the historical event, using works like
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The phrase "Hardly a man is now alive" was true as one of the last men alive at the time of the historical event had only recently died.
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236:, but he manipulated the facts for poetic effect. He was purposefully trying to create American legends, much as he did with works like
411:(USPS) issued a commemorative stamp with images referencing the poem. Longfellow is represented by a painting by artist Kazuhiko Sano.
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forces will come by land or sea. He would await the signal across the river in
Charlestown and be ready to spread the alarm throughout
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as "The
Landlord's Tale" in 1863. The poem served as the first in a series of 22 narratives bundled as a collection, similar to
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and tells a partly fictionalized story of Paul Revere. In the poem, Revere tells a friend to prepare signal lanterns in the
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on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies. It was first published in the
January 1861 issue of
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In 1896 Helen F. Moore, dismayed that
William Dawes had been forgotten, penned a parody of Longfellow's poem:
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Longfellow's poem is credited with creating the national legend of Paul Revere, a previously little-known
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historical importance also led to unsubstantiated rumors that he made a set of false teeth for
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Longfellow's family had a connection to the historical Paul Revere. His maternal grandfather,
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in 1860, the year he wrote "Paul Revere's Ride", painted by
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Schoolroom Poets: Childhood, Performance, and the Place of American Poetry, 1865–1917
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Schoolroom Poets: Childhood, Performance, and the Place of American Poetry, 1865–1917
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Schoolroom Poets: Childhood, Performance, and the Place of American Poetry, 1865–1917
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magazine on December 20, 1860, just as South Carolina became the first state to
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The Nature of Sacrifice: A Biography of Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., 1835–64
557:, December 18, 2010 (December 19, 2010 p. WK8 NY ed.). Retrieved 2010-12-19.
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over the issue of slavery. Longfellow first came forward publicly as an
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The Real History of the American Revolution: A New Look at the Past
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From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature
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is a general lengthening of the time frame of the night's events.
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690:. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press, 2005: 19–20.
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What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848
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When the poem was written in 1860, America was on the verge of
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845:. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press, 2005: 15.
645:. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press, 2005: 25.
159:, and was published in three installments over 10 years.
26:
For 1931 painting by the American artist Grant Wood, see
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For the historical event on which the poem is based, see
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The Muppets Present...Great Moments in American History
615:"On "Paul Revere's Ride" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow"
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Works originally published in The Atlantic (magazine)
750:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003: 244.
666:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 268.
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1005:"150 Years of 'Paul Revere's Ride': About the Poem"
373:In 1883, Boston held a national competition for an
825:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 334.
710:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 331.
590:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007: 630.
506:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 289.
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993:"Spotty History, Maybe, but Great Literature"
8:
784:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003: 127.
143:. It was later re-published in Longfellow's
37:"Paul Revere's Ride" was first published in
865:. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2007: 82.
388:'Tis all very well for the children to hear
28:The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)
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434:A True Republican: The Life of Paul Revere
89:The poem is spoken by the landlord of the
1480:Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule
1378:Longfellow-Evangeline State Historic Site
265:1940s illustration of Paul Revere's ride
940:The Story of America: Essays on Origins
921:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
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394:But why should my name be quite forgot,
366:, for example, offered $ 100,000 for a
748:A Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Companion
726:Ruland, Richard and Malcolm Bradbury.
400:Why should I ask? The reason is clear—
988:National Endowment for the Humanities
960:Original text of "Paul Revere's Ride"
397:Who rode as boldly and well, God wot?
7:
1660:Poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
897:"Post Office Honors Bowdoin Alumnus"
547:"Paul Revere’s Ride Against Slavery"
526:. University of Illinois, 2006: 60.
391:Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere;
273:Revere, but actually the signal was
186:in 1842 with the publication of his
1665:Poems about the American Revolution
804:. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004: 231.
485:. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004: 230.
217:for Lexington's militia during the
121:Composition and publication history
1680:Cultural depictions of Paul Revere
1251:Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr.
971:Discussion of "Paul Revere's Ride"
458:"The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere"
75:" in Longfellow's 1863 collection
14:
438:University of Massachusetts Press
403:My name was Dawes and his Revere.
286:rode (via different routes) from
1584:The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
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977:"Paul Revere's Ride" lesson plan
938:(2012). "Longfellow's Ride." In
219:battles of Lexington and Concord
166:, was Revere's commander on the
1404:"the mills of God grind slowly"
1184:The Courtship of Miles Standish
973:by the Maine Historical Society
802:Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life
730:. New York: Viking, 1991: 109.
483:Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life
245:The Courtship of Miles Standish
103:Middlesex County, Massachusetts
942:. Princeton University Press.
883:"Paul Revere Heritage Project"
1:
1675:1775 in the Thirteen Colonies
1409:"Whom the gods would destroy"
338:is visible in the background.
334:, Boston, Massachusetts. The
204:secede from the United States
570:. Macmillan, 2005: 185–186.
409:United States Postal Service
234:History of the United States
1501:Paul Revere's Midnight Ride
1263:Ernest Wadsworth Longfellow
1019:public domain audiobook at
782:Artists of Colonial America
768:"A Letter From Paul Revere"
662:Tourtellot, Arthur (2000).
21:Paul Revere's Midnight Ride
1701:
1330:(Cambridge, Massachusetts)
1322:Wadsworth-Longfellow House
1107:The Battle of Lovells Pond
1057:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
55:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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1357:Washington, D.C. memorial
1228:The Sermon of St. Francis
1142:The Wreck of the Hesperus
377:of Revere. It was won by
351:Colonial Revival Movement
71:. It was later retitled "
1399:Dante Society of America
1350:Portland, Maine memorial
821:Fischer, David Hackett.
706:Fischer, David Hackett.
502:Fischer, David Hackett.
1001:on "Paul Revere's Ride"
998:The Wall Street Journal
1577:The British Are Coming
1485:Granary Burying Ground
1287:Richard Henry Dana III
1245:Alexander S. Wadsworth
1213:Tales of a Wayside Inn
1170:The Death of Minnehaha
1128:The Village Blacksmith
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146:Tales of a Wayside Inn
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117:to warn the patriots.
97:to inform him whether
78:Tales of a Wayside Inn
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1553:Revere, Massachusetts
1475:Revere Copper Company
1257:Alice Mary Longfellow
1206:The Saga of King Olaf
1135:The Skeleton in Armor
919:Lexington and Concord
664:Lexington and Concord
586:Howe, Daniel Walker.
522:Irmscher, Christoph.
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290:to Lexington to warn
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1627:Joseph Warren Revere
1621:Joseph Warren Revere
1513:Penobscot Expedition
1383:Longfellow Mountains
1165:The Song of Hiawatha
800:Calhoun, Charles C.
780:Roark, Elisabeth L.
481:Calhoun, Charles C.
239:The Song of Hiawatha
168:Penobscot Expedition
156:The Canterbury Tales
140:The Atlantic Monthly
131:Thomas Buchanan Read
68:The Atlantic Monthly
61:of American patriot
39:The Atlantic Monthly
1562:Cultural depictions
1192:The Children's Hour
211:Jonathan Harrington
73:The Landlord's Tale
1570:Paul Revere's Ride
1299:Stephen Longfellow
1216:(collection, 1863)
1199:Paul Revere's Ride
1152:(collection, 1842)
1016:Paul Revere’s Ride
982:2009-05-04 at the
915:Tourtellot, Arthur
823:Paul Revere's Ride
708:Paul Revere's Ride
555:The New York Times
504:Paul Revere's Ride
379:Cyrus Edwin Dallin
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328:Cyrus Edwin Dallin
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57:that commemorates
47:Paul Revere's Ride
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16:Poem by Longfellow
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1590:Equestrian statue
1465:Paul Revere House
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1373:Longfellow Bridge
1345:Longfellow Square
1324:(Portland, Maine)
1318:(Portland, Maine)
1293:Samuel Longfellow
948:978-0-691-15399-5
596:978-0-19-507894-7
576:978-0-374-12077-1
532:978-0-252-03063-5
432:Triber, Jayne E.
375:equestrian statue
356:George Washington
315:Historical impact
252:Critical response
53:by American poet
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1548:Paul Revere Park
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360:Wall Street
347:silversmith
324:Paul Revere
242:(1855) and
91:Wayside Inn
63:Paul Revere
59:the actions
1670:1861 poems
1649:Categories
1629:(grandson)
1598:miniseries
1316:Birthplace
1283:(ancestor)
1259:(daughter)
1157:Evangeline
625:2006-05-03
468:2006-05-03
415:References
368:punch bowl
326:(1940) by
1538:(APA-248)
1527:Namesakes
1366:Namesakes
1338:Memorials
1295:(brother)
1121:Excelsior
1072:Outre-Mer
420:Citations
332:North End
180:Civil War
111:Lexington
1635:(father)
1301:(father)
1253:(nephew)
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1080:Hyperion
1021:LibriVox
980:Archived
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1392:Related
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1458:Life
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