31:
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to discuss her continued employment as a woman. The district asked
Grossman to relinquish her tenure and transfer to a high school position; she refused those conditions, and she was suspended from her employment before the 1971–1972 academic year. In October 1971, the
160:
Grossman never taught school again; she performed as a pianist and singer. She lectured on the case and her experiences, and appeared on national television programs covering the controversy of her dismissal, including
167:. "I've done nothing wrong, nothing disgraceful," she told Rutgers students at a lecture in 1973. "I had a medical problem and I had it solved. Some people didn't like the solution." By 1977 she was working for the
148:
agreed to work with
Grossman to fight her dismissal. Nonetheless, the state education commissioner ordered her dismissal, and a judge found that the firing did not meet a strict definition of sex discrimination, in
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In 1949, Grossman married Ruth Keshen, a legal secretary; they had three daughters, and they stayed together until
Grossman died in 2003, aged 83 years. Ruth Keshen Grossman died in 2005.
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188:, recalling that "educators and adults in my community, including my own father, let pass the opportunity to teach tolerance and acceptance, and everyone was the worse for it."
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from 1957 until 1971. After her spring 1971 sex reassignment surgery, she returned to the classroom, and met with her principal and the school board of the
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Grossman was born in
Brooklyn, and assigned male at birth, the child of Henry Grossman and Bertha Grossman. Grossman graduated from the
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91:(October 30, 1919 – September 26, 2003) was an American music educator. When she was dismissed from a teaching position after her
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declined to hear the case in 1976. In a later decision, her right to a disability pension was recognized.
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Grossman was a schoolteacher for over thirty years. She taught music at an elementary school in
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493:
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182:. Another former student, Scott Keeler, wrote a newspaper essay on Grossman in 2007, for the
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614:"10 Years after Sex Change, Paula Grossman Still Feels Anger over the Loss of Her Job"
801:
179:
120:
596:
30:
382:
Fit to Teach: Same-Sex Desire, Gender, and School Work in the
Twentieth Century
70:
730:
497:
666:"How Meryl Streep's Trans Music Teacher Opened Her Eyes to LGBT Acceptance"
103:, was ultimately unsuccessful, but it garnered national media attention.
96:
145:
435:"Supreme Court Turns Deaf Ear to New Jersey Transsexual's Case"
411:"Fifty years ago teacher sex change shocked Bernards Township"
719:"A Transsexual and Her Family: An Attempt at Life as Usual"
171:
as an assistant planner. She later wrote an advice book,
123:, before earning a master's degree in music education at
95:
in 1971, she sued the school district on the basis of
694:"A generation ago, my music teacher had a sex change"
328:"20 years after operation, only his sex has changed"
273:"Paula Tells Rutgers Students of Suffering as Paul"
215:"Paula Grossman, Sex Change Teacher, Fights Ouster"
78:
55:
40:
21:
153:. The decision was upheld on appeal in 1974. The
571:"Six Years Later, Paula Grossman Has No Regrets"
151:Grossman v. Bernards Township Board of Education
101:Grossman v. Bernards Township Board of Education
664:Chambers, Levi; Reynolds, Daniel (2016-08-05).
178:One of Grossman's students in New Jersey was
8:
853:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
29:
18:
888:Discrimination against transgender people
464:Mobile Register, via Digital Commonwealth
486:"Transsexual Upheld on Teacher Position"
828:Transgender people and military service
205:
818:20th-century American women educators
687:
685:
125:Teachers College, Columbia University
35:Paula Grossman, from a 1971 newspaper
7:
460:"Transsexual Teacher to Get Pension"
409:Perry, W. Jacob (October 12, 2021).
404:
402:
321:
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299:"The Difference with Paula Grossman"
266:
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237:
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777:"Obituary for Ruth Keshen Grossman"
640:"Transsexual Copes with Retirement"
848:LGBTQ people from New York (state)
843:20th-century American LGBTQ people
838:People from Plainfield, New Jersey
569:Heymann, Richard E. (1977-07-17).
356:"In Re Tenure Hearing of Grossman"
14:
545:"Here's What Mrs. Grossman's Not"
141:Bernards Township School District
549:The Central New Jersey Home News
543:Elkins, Jeanmarie (1972-09-15).
385:. SUNY Press. pp. 119–120.
379:Blount, Jackie M. (2005-01-01).
242:Stitcher, Felicia (1972-04-27).
219:Beckley Post-Herald and Register
213:Stitcher, Felicia (1971-09-26).
878:American LGBTQ rights activists
823:20th-century American educators
692:Keeler, Scott (March 4, 2007).
638:Heymann, Richard (1980-11-09).
517:Nutt, Charles W. (1974-07-16).
863:Schoolteachers from New Jersey
833:American women music educators
750:Morrison, Cherl (1972-05-01).
717:Klemesrud, Judy (1973-10-23).
1:
752:"At Home with Paula Grossman"
484:Hanley, Robert (1978-02-17).
326:Vejnoska, Jill (1991-05-12).
175:(1979). She retired in 1980.
137:Bernards Township, New Jersey
858:LGBTQ people from New Jersey
415:New Jersey Hills Media Group
271:Leap, Barbara (1973-11-15).
244:"Mrs. Grossman is Confident"
868:Transgender women musicians
790:– via Newspapers.com.
765:– via Newspapers.com.
653:– via Newspapers.com.
627:– via Newspapers.com.
598:A Handbook for Transsexuals
584:– via Newspapers.com.
558:– via Newspapers.com.
532:– via Newspapers.com.
448:– via Newspapers.com.
344:– via Newspapers.com.
312:– via Newspapers.com.
297:Townley, Rod (1973-07-29).
286:– via Newspapers.com.
257:– via Newspapers.com.
228:– via Newspapers.com.
173:A Handbook for Transsexuals
155:United States Supreme Court
115:in 1941, and served in the
904:
883:Activists from New Jersey
612:Perry, Pat (1981-03-26).
303:The Philadelphia Inquirer
28:
783:. 2005-04-27. p. 29
601:. Broadview Enterprises.
595:Grossman, Paula (1979).
93:sex reassignment surgery
873:Educators from Brooklyn
519:"Legal Fights are Over"
441:. 1976-10-19. p. 8
164:The David Suskind Show
89:Paula Miriam Grossman
113:University of Newark
466:. February 17, 1978
723:The New York Times
490:The New York Times
248:Bernardsville News
169:City of Plainfield
117:United States Army
97:sex discrimination
82:Educator, activist
59:September 26, 2003
48:Brooklyn, New York
439:The Baltimore Sun
392:978-0-7914-6267-6
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575:Daily Record
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221:. p. 34
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180:Meryl Streep
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121:World War II
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813:2003 deaths
808:1919 births
551:. p. 5
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250:. p. 3
802:Categories
787:2022-05-29
762:2022-05-29
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703:2022-05-29
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650:2022-05-29
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365:2022-05-29
360:Justia Law
341:2022-05-29
309:2022-05-29
283:2022-05-29
254:2022-05-29
225:2022-05-29
200:References
107:Early life
71:New Jersey
63:2003-09-27
731:0362-4331
498:0362-4331
127:in 1947.
119:during
61: (
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131:Career
73:, U.S.
50:, U.S.
727:ISSN
494:ISSN
387:ISBN
146:ACLU
56:Died
41:Born
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