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which is now marked with a cross of red stones set into the cobbled surface of the roadway. A memorial plaque, with an inscription in
English and Czech languages, is located on a building nearby.
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Pavel Kravař's execution is believed to have taken place at the centre of the market square in St
Andrews, close to the former location of the
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on 23 July 1433. He was the first of a succession of religious reformers who were martyred in the town during the course of the subsequent
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145:. Pavel Kravař's activities in St Andrews evidently met with the displeasure of the authorities there, particularly
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126:. He probably returned to the Bohemian capital in 1432 prior to undertaking his ill-fated mission to Scotland.
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His journey to St
Andrews, at the time the ecclesiastical centre of Scotland and the location of its only
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Vyšný, Paul, "A Hussite in
Scotland: The Mission of Pavel Kravař to St Andrews in 1433",
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165:, with a brass ball stuffed in his mouth to prevent him addressing the people.
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Moonan, Lawrence, "Pavel Kravar and some writings once attributed to him",
133:, was most likely made in a vain attempt to gain allies, hopefully amongst
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Spinka, Matthew, "Paul Kravař and the
Lollard-Hussite Relations", in
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in 1415. The following year, he entered the
Faculty of Arts at the
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Bilingual memorial plaque in St
Andrews with Hussite emblem
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to become a physician in the service of the Polish King,
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List of
Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation
153:, who accused him of spreading the heretical ideas of
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People executed by the
Kingdom of Scotland by burning
234:Czech Ambassador's Tribute to Fellow Countryman
218:, Vol. 25, No. 1. (Mar., 1956), pp. 16–26.
8:
137:sympathisers, for the Hussite cause at the
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50:who was burned at the stake for heresy at
229:St Andrews and Central and Eastern Europe
197:, vol. lxxxii, April 2003, pp. 1–19.
86:Pavel Kravař was probably a native of
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279:People executed by Stuart Scotland
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106:. After studying medicine at the
294:15th-century people from Bohemia
211:, Vol. 27 (1976), pp. 3–23
289:Protestant martyrs of Scotland
195:The Scottish Historical Review
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269:People executed for heresy
108:University of Montpellier
60:Protestant Reformation
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274:Executed Czech people
124:Władysław II Jagiełło
62:. (The others being:
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151:Bishop of St Andrews
116:University of Prague
34:– 23 July 1433), or
259:People from Kravaře
112:University of Paris
102:), now part of the
299:Czech evangelicals
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139:Council of Basel
64:Patrick Hamilton
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264:Hussite martyrs
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202:Further reading
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143:Catholic Church
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216:Church History
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68:Henry Forest
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25:Pavel Kravař
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254:1433 deaths
249:1391 births
159:John Wyclif
76:Walter Myln
36:Paul Crawar
32: 1391
243:Categories
188:References
131:university
78:in 1558).
52:St Andrews
163:John Knox
70:in 1533,
66:in 1528,
42:, was a
40:Paul Craw
176:See also
56:Scotland
155:Jan Hus
135:Lollard
100:Moravia
96:Silesia
88:Kravaře
48:Bohemia
44:Hussite
120:Prague
98:(then
157:and
82:Life
54:in
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29:c.
27:(
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