25:
1210:
1387:
1392:
556:
1472:
1467:
1462:
427:
1433:
247:
Thomas S. Noonan. "Khazaria as an
Intermediary between Islam and Eastern Europe in the Second Half of the Ninth Century: The Numismatic Perspective."
1047:
1052:
46:
357:
1157:
68:
1477:
1147:
1426:
280:, ed. Howard Aster and Peter J. Potichnyj. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1990. p. 7.
973:
276:
Omeljan
Pritsak. "The Pre-Ashkenazic Jews of Eastern Europe in Relation to the Khazars, the Rus', and the Lithuanians".
39:
33:
186:
177:
1419:
50:
555:
241:
163:
791:
350:
141:
130:. The originator of the term is unknown but it was in use by scholars as early as the nineteenth century.
1034:
993:
983:
706:
437:
392:
202:
145:(Brill Online). Eds.: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill.
155:
917:
877:
645:
640:
490:
1140:
215:
Peter B. Golden. "Khazar Turkic Ghulâms in
Caliphal Service: Onomastic Notes" (Journal Article in
1091:
1013:
716:
655:
465:
382:
107:
1399:
1003:
610:
525:
510:
480:
422:
387:
343:
321:
169:
1403:
1452:
1114:
1101:
1057:
1008:
952:
620:
600:
520:
500:
475:
377:
311:
259:
127:
1198:
1067:
1039:
1018:
801:
756:
630:
535:
233:
194:
1125:
256:
Byzantine
Diplomacy: Papers from the Twenty-fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies
1239:
1133:
978:
957:
751:
605:
540:
495:
470:
455:
445:
417:
89:
1446:
1344:
1309:
1267:
1260:
1232:
1225:
1177:
1086:
882:
862:
852:
595:
545:
103:
1457:
1365:
1351:
1316:
1209:
1191:
942:
711:
570:
1386:
208:
Peter B. Golden. "Khazar Turkic Ghulâms in
Caliphal Service" (Journal Article in
199:
Khazar
Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars.
1358:
1330:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1274:
1184:
998:
988:
927:
902:
701:
691:
625:
575:
505:
229:
224:
Turkish-Jewish
Encounters: Studies on Turkish-Jewish Relations through the Ages
1337:
1323:
1171:
1062:
907:
872:
822:
806:
776:
485:
123:
94:
325:
1253:
937:
837:
580:
412:
402:
111:
316:
299:
262:
and Simon
Franklin, pp. 109–132. Aldershot, England: Variorium, 1992.
152:. Vol. CCXLI, No. 19. London: Chatto & Windus, 1877. pp. 439–460.
1096:
922:
892:
847:
761:
736:
696:
681:
615:
530:
397:
1246:
1074:
932:
912:
842:
832:
771:
746:
721:
686:
650:
635:
590:
515:
460:
366:
266:
254:
Thomas S. Noonan. "Byzantium and the
Khazars: a special relationship?"
1080:
897:
867:
857:
786:
781:
741:
731:
585:
115:
99:
947:
887:
827:
796:
726:
450:
85:
766:
676:
671:
119:
1129:
339:
98:, applied to the period (roughly 700–950 AD) during which the
18:
335:
1407:
265:
Omeljan
Pritsak. "The Khazar Kingdom's Conversion to
148:
Blind, Karl. "A Forgotten Turkish Nation in Europe".
278:
Ukrainian-Jewish Relations in Historical Perspective
1217:
1164:
1027:
966:
815:
664:
563:
436:
304:History Studies: International Journal of History
110:. During this period, Khazar dominion over vital
238:Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century.
1427:
1141:
351:
8:
222:Peter B. Golden. "Khazars" (Book Chapter in
1434:
1420:
1148:
1134:
1126:
358:
344:
336:
315:
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
1473:10th century in international relations
290:
1468:9th century in international relations
1463:8th century in international relations
114:facilitated travel and trade between
7:
1383:
1381:
189:: Jews in Christian Europe, 711-1096
92:, modeled after the original phrase
1406:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
183:Douglas M. Dunlop. "The Khazars."
174:The History of the Jewish Khazars,
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1390:
1385:
1208:
554:
23:
139:Barthold, W. (1996). "Khazar".
1:
298:Akıncı, Meltem (2019-08-31).
258:, Cambridge, March 1990, ed.
249:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
217:Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
1158:regional and relative peace
112:trans-Eurasian trade routes
1494:
1380:
178:Princeton University Press
1206:
1110:
552:
373:
271:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
150:The Gentleman's Quarterly
88:for "Khazar Peace") is a
242:Cornell University Press
164:Rowman & Littlefield
1044:Khazar ancestry claims
269:." (Journal Article in
53:more precise citations.
1478:European history stubs
1402:–related article is a
792:Semikarakorsk Fortress
166:Publishers, Inc, 2006.
142:Encyclopaedia of Islam
122:by such groups as the
90:historiographical term
16:Historiographical term
1035:Khazar Correspondence
317:10.9737/hist.2019.756
160:The Jews of Khazaria.
428:Dnieper trade route
1092:Mandgelis Document
1075:Khazars in fiction
1014:Svetlana Pletnyova
656:Yitzhak ha-Sangari
251:5 (1985): 179-204.
108:Caucasus Mountains
1415:
1414:
1375:
1374:
1123:
1122:
1004:Alexander Harkavy
974:Mikhail Artamonov
423:Volga trade route
210:Journal Asiatique
176:Princeton, N.J.:
170:Douglas M. Dunlop
79:
78:
71:
1485:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1400:European history
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1212:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1102:Schechter Letter
1058:Crimean Karaites
1009:Thomas S. Noonan
558:
393:Arab–Khazar wars
360:
353:
346:
337:
330:
329:
319:
310:(4): 1123–1135.
295:
260:Jonathan Shepard
156:Kevin Alan Brook
100:Khazar Khaganate
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1391:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1213:
1204:
1199:Pax Praetoriana
1160:
1154:
1124:
1119:
1106:
1068:Jewish Cossacks
1040:Khazar language
1023:
1019:Omeljan Pritsak
994:Peter B. Golden
962:
811:
660:
559:
550:
432:
369:
364:
334:
333:
300:"Pax Khazarica"
297:
296:
292:
287:
234:Omeljan Pritsak
203:Akadémiai Kiadó
195:Peter B. Golden
136:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1395:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1240:Pax Britannica
1236:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
979:Vasily Bartold
976:
970:
968:
964:
963:
961:
960:
958:Volga Bulgaria
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
752:Saltovo-Mayaki
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
666:
662:
661:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
606:John of Gothia
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
567:
565:
561:
560:
553:
551:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
442:
440:
434:
433:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
371:
370:
365:
363:
362:
355:
348:
340:
332:
331:
289:
288:
286:
283:
282:
281:
274:
263:
252:
245:
227:
220:
213:
206:
192:
181:
167:
153:
146:
135:
132:
126:and the early
102:dominated the
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1345:Pax Sovietica
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:Pax Mongolica
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:Pax Khazarica
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1268:Pax Hispanica
1265:
1263:
1262:
1261:Pax Helvetica
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:Pax Austriaca
1230:
1228:
1227:
1226:Pax Assyriaca
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1178:Pax Americana
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Kievan Letter
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
965:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Crimean Goths
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:Black Klobuks
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
667:
663:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
596:Hazer Tarkhan
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
566:
564:Other figures
562:
557:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
441:
439:
438:Khazar rulers
435:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
408:Pax Khazarica
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
372:
368:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
342:
341:
338:
327:
323:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
294:
291:
284:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
193:
190:
188:
182:
179:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
144:
143:
138:
137:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:Pontic steppe
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
83:
82:Pax Khazarica
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1408:expanding it
1397:
1377:
1366:Pax Tokugawa
1364:
1357:
1352:Pax Sumerica
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1317:Pax Ottomana
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1197:
1192:Pax Europaea
1190:
1183:
1176:
1165:Contemporary
1079:
707:Golden Hills
571:Alp Iluetuer
407:
307:
303:
293:
277:
270:
255:
248:
237:
223:
216:
209:
198:
184:
173:
159:
149:
140:
134:Bibliography
93:
81:
80:
65:
56:
37:
1359:Pax Syriana
1331:Pax Russica
1303:Pax Minoica
1296:Pax Mafiosa
1289:Pax Kushana
1275:Pax Italica
1185:Pax Atomica
1156:Periods of
999:Lev Gumilev
989:Norman Golb
984:D.M. Dunlop
816:Tributaries
692:Chersonesus
626:Ras Tarkhan
576:Alp Tarkhan
506:Manasseh II
230:Norman Golb
51:introducing
1447:Categories
1338:Pax Sinica
1324:Pax Romana
1218:Historical
1172:Long Peace
1063:Subbotniks
908:Laz people
873:East Slavs
823:Abkhazians
807:Tamatarkha
777:Samosdelka
641:Sviatoslav
486:Manasseh I
413:Radhanites
285:References
201:Budapest:
124:Radhanites
95:Pax Romana
34:references
1254:Pax Gupta
1048:Ashkenazi
938:Pechenegs
838:Baranjars
581:Balgitzin
466:Zachariah
403:Meshchera
378:Byzantium
326:1309-4688
187:Dark Ages
59:June 2011
1115:Category
1097:Red Jews
1053:Cossacks
967:Scholars
923:Mordvins
893:Kipchaks
848:Bashkirs
762:Sambalut
757:Samandar
737:Khazaran
702:GĂĽsliyev
697:Dagestan
682:Balanjar
646:Theodora
616:Papatzys
531:Aaron II
526:Benjamin
491:Hanukkah
481:Hezekiah
398:Kipchaks
388:Abbasids
383:Bulgaria
367:Khazaria
240:Ithaca:
226:, 2001.)
219:, 1993.)
212:, 2004.)
162:2nd ed.
106:and the
1453:Khazars
1247:Pax Dei
953:Uralics
933:Onogurs
918:Magyars
913:Lezgins
903:Kassogs
843:Barsils
833:Arsiyah
772:Samiran
747:Levedia
722:Kazarki
651:Tzitzak
636:Sfengus
591:Bulchan
521:Menahem
516:Aaron I
501:Zebulun
476:Obadiah
461:Parsbit
273:, 1978)
267:Judaism
244:, 1982.
205:, 1980.
191:. 1966.
180:, 1954.
47:improve
1081:Kuzari
1028:Legacy
943:Sabirs
898:Kumyks
888:Kabars
883:Juhuri
868:Cumans
858:Burtas
787:Sarkel
782:Saqsin
767:Sambat
742:Khumar
717:Kavkaz
665:Places
631:Serach
621:Pesakh
611:Leo IV
586:Barjik
546:George
536:Joseph
324:
116:Europe
36:, but
1398:This
948:Sarir
928:Oghuz
828:Alans
802:Taman
797:Sudak
732:Kerem
727:Kerch
712:Kaffa
541:David
496:Isaac
471:Bulan
456:Bihar
451:Busir
446:Irbis
86:Latin
1404:stub
878:Huns
677:Azaq
672:Atil
601:HLGW
511:Nisi
418:Rus'
322:ISSN
232:and
185:The
120:Asia
118:and
1458:Pax
687:Bar
312:doi
128:Rus
1449::
320:.
308:11
306:.
302:.
236:,
197:.
172:.
158:.
1435:e
1428:t
1421:v
1410:.
1149:e
1142:t
1135:v
359:e
352:t
345:v
328:.
314::
84:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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