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Christian responded with an amphibious campaign in 1628, using his fleet to make landfalls along the occupied coastlines, and destroying the naval facilities in Ålborg, Wismar, and
Greifswald. Wallenstein, who had nevertheless managed to build thirteen vessels in
533:
The treaty was concluded by
Wallenstein and Christian on 22 May 1629, and ratified by Ferdinand on 7 June. The Catholic League was formally added as a party. The treaty restored to Christian his pre-war possessions, and obliged him to cede his claims to
453:
for negotiations in
January 1629. The emperor had Wallenstein negotiate for him, and Christian had sent entrusted delegates whom he had selected bypassing his rigsraadet. Initially, both sides proposed diametrical peace terms:
595:
Ferdinand had hoped for more favourable terms, and was surprised and disappointed of what
Wallenstein had negotiated. While he had arranged for imposing his war costs on Christian, this was no longer an option.
603:, issued by Ferdinand already during the negotiations. It aimed at a re-Catholization of northern Germany, and the restitution of former ecclesial possessions that had been secularized during the
592:
The treaty further divided
Christian and the Rigsraadet, for Christian argued that if the latter had been in charge, it would have accepted the initial imperial territorial and financial demands.
441:
accepted the proposal as a basis for negotiations, this was rejected by
Christian. While the Catholic League pressed the emperor to continue the war, and Christian was urged likewise by
211:
1106:
545:
Tilly had not succeeded in implementing a compensation of the imperial war costs on
Christian. Also not included in the treaty's text was that Christian stop supporting
1353:
380:. After this battle, the final one in the Kejserkrigen, Christian was ready to negotiate—and so was Wallenstein, whom the Scandinavian alliance seriously threatened.
1074:
521:
Both
Christian and Wallenstein were aware that neither of them would be able to get all their demands through, thus they resorted to secret negotiations in
518:, yet under the premise that overall command was with him, and that the invasion force would consist of more Swedish than Danish forces. Christian refused.
1099:
1323:
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was formally included as a party. It restored to
Denmark–Norway its pre-war territory at the cost of final disengagement from imperial affairs.
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1348:
1092:
967:
1254:
565:'s status, subsequently reduced from that of a major European power to a politically insignificant state. The new Nordic power would be
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Wallenstein and Tilly subsequently gained central and northern
Germany, joined their forces during the summer of 1627, invaded Danish
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Christian IV's position was somewhat strengthened by his military successes in 1628, but more so by Wallenstein's fear of a Danish-
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alliance. Bagging that fear, Christian personally met with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in February 1629, at
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issue guarantees to the Lower Saxon states concerning their religious and political freedom.
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compensate the states of the Lower Saxon Circle for their losses during the occupation,
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270:), which had begun in 1625. Initial success was with the Danish armies, commanded by
63:
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17:
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In September 1627, Tilly and Wallenstein had drafted a peace proposal for the
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Deprived of Danish-Norwegian protection, the North German states faced the
341:
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46:(12/22 May) is due to different calendars used then: 12 May is in the
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states, and to not interfere with further imperial affairs in the future.
1079:
578:
510:. Gustavus Adolphus proposed a joint invasion of the empire, either from
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50:(used by the Protestant parties at the time), and 22 May is in the
419:
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569:, who was to turn the tide of the Thirty Years' War after its forces
503:
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Denmark, 1513-1660: the rise and decline of a Renaissance monarchy
1088:
230:(Low Saxon or Emperor's War, Kejserkrigen). It was signed in
474:
compensate the emperor for his expenses in the Kejserkrigen,
374:
Stralsund in her successful resistance against Wallenstein
1012:
Das Reich im Kampf um die Hegemonie in Europa 1521-1648
1052:(in German) (2 ed.). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
422:
from the imperial occupation forces for two million
181:
144:
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538:bishoprics, to discontinue his alliances with the
262:referred to as the Lower Saxon or Emperor's War (
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27:1629 peace treaty during the Thirty Years' War
1100:
1014:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
899:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
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258:The treaty of Lübeck ended a stage of the
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937:(in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
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480:not interfere with the empire ever again.
1031:Kriege und Krisen: Deutschland 1600-1715
935:Deutschland im konfessionellen Zeitalter
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1075:Encarta Encyclopedia: Thirty Years' War
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317:in September, and advanced through the
986:War and peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790
561:The treaty marked a turning point in
7:
294:, turned the tide in the battles of
278:. Then, in 1626, their opponents, a
1354:Denmark–Holy Roman Empire relations
1080:MacroHistory: The Thirty Years' War
414:buy out his provinces of Holstein,
918:(in German). Kiel: Verlag Ludwig.
897:Maximilian I. von Bayern 1573–1651
25:
1324:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire
302:. Mansfeld moved his army toward
1364:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
551:Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
449:, both sent their emissaries to
288:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
284:Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
244:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
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952:Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2007).
400:surrender all imperial offices,
396:. The proposal had Christian:
240:Christian IV of Denmark-Norway
1:
1369:Frederick V of the Palatinate
1349:1629 in the Holy Roman Empire
547:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
372:in April, and both supported
670:Lockhart (2007), pp. 167–168
1048:Schormann, Gerhard (1985).
983:Oakley, Stewart P. (1992).
571:landed in Pomerania in 1630
370:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
42:Cover of a print-copy. The
1385:
1344:Treaties of Denmark–Norway
1314:Thirty Years' War treaties
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1050:Der Dreissigjährige Krieg
895:Albrecht, Dieter (1998).
573:, and, starting with the
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1359:Albrecht von Wallenstein
794:Oakley (1992), pp. 64–65
466:Danish delegates' terms
292:Albrecht von Wallenstein
236:Albrecht von Wallenstein
112:Albrecht von Wallenstein
1033:(in German). C.H.Beck.
1010:Kohler, Alfred (1990).
933:Heckel, Martin (1983).
869:Lockhart (2007), p. 172
834:Albrecht (1998), p. 691
818:Albrecht (1998), p. 672
776:Lockhart (2007), p. 170
726:Lockhart (2007), p. 169
712:Fuhrmann (2002), p. 377
696:Schormann (1985), p. 40
682:Lockhart (2007), p. 168
649:Lockhart (2007), p. 166
356:starting in late 1627.
272:Christian IV of Denmark
124:Christian IV of Denmark
1029:Press, Volker (1991).
914:Fuhrmann, Kai (2002).
605:Protestant Reformation
267:
219:
206:
83:22 May and 7 June 1629
881:Heckel (1983), p. 144
857:Heckel (1983), p. 143
848:Kohler (1990), p. 37
806:Oakley (1992), p. 65
785:Press (1991), p. 213
738:Oakley (1992), p. 64
661:Oakley (1992), p. 62
601:Edict of Restitution
463:Wallenstein's terms
366:Philipp von Mansfeld
335:Duchy of Mecklenburg
321:peninsula as far as
300:Lutter am Barenberge
226:intervention in the
485:Ferdinand II is to
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242:, and on 7 June by
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617:History of Denmark
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409:Lower Saxon Circle
394:Holy Roman Emperor
282:army commanded by
276:Ernst von Mansfeld
234:on 22 May 1629 by
52:Gregorian calendar
1319:History of Lübeck
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1117:Thirty Years' War
969:978-0-19-927121-4
960:Oxford University
622:History of Norway
549:, as demanded by
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384:Negotiations
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331:Danish isles
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268:Kejserkrigen
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222:) ended the
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64:Peace treaty
1119:(1618–1648)
536:Lower Saxon
447:Netherlands
424:Reichstaler
98:Signatories
44:double date
1308:Categories
1279:Westphalia
1159:Königsberg
1141:Nikolsburg
1002:2009-08-07
975:2009-08-07
638:References
587:Härjedalen
516:Glückstadt
439:rigsraadet
431:Glückstadt
405:bishoprics
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327:Baltic Sea
254:Background
1293:Campaigns
1267:Eulenberg
1255:Brömsebro
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1201:Heilbronn
1165:Franzburg
1153:Pressburg
1147:The Hague
512:Stralsund
416:Schleswig
338:vis-a-vis
212:‹See Tfd›
1189:Bärwalde
611:See also
583:Jämtland
579:Kattegat
514:or from
508:Ulvsbäck
445:and the
392:and the
329:and the
323:Limfjord
315:Holstein
182:Language
88:Location
1243:Dorsten
1237:Hamburg
1183:Stettin
962:Press.
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504:Swedish
443:England
420:Jutland
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350:Rostock
319:Jutland
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304:Silesia
145:Parties
70:Context
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246:. The
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