761:
906:– who remained lukewarm. Soltura tried to comfort him that though read by few, it would be being read for decades to come. It is not clear whether either Unamuno or his publisher contemplated re-edition – a customary action in case of successful novels – in the 1900s or 1910s. The novel was published again in 1923 with no changes, except corrections of few typos in the original edition. However, it was preceded by the author’s 2-page prologue. Unamuno confessed the narrative contained "the flower and the fruit of my childhood and youth experience". He noted that the novel "remains as relevant as it was when first published" and finished with a statement: "esto no es una novela; es un pueblo". Neither print run nor commercial performance of the edition are clear. In Spain there was no further re-edition of the novel during Unamuno’s lifetime. In 1933 he published an article, titled
147:
889:
795:
835:
640:
570:
718:
519:
322:
verdadera importancia” and used it as a benchmark for other novels. One reviewer saw it as a tale about two conflicting protagonists: the city and the village. Another focused rather on psychology of the characters and especially on
Pachico, singled out as the key personality. One more described it as a “philosophical novel” and warned readers not to expect torrid action, though he complained that protagonists are “demasiado razonadores y filósofos”. Some viewed it as a novelistic analysis of the phenomenon of war and its impact, making references to
465:
1086:. The prevailing approach is that to Unamuno, there were two Carlisms: one was genuine but unconscious, communitarian in spirit, a popular voice that Unamuno sympathized with. At the end of the novel, for example, Ignacio is remembered by Pachico as a "Beautiful Soul" Another Carlism was an ideological superstructure, built by "bachilleres, canónigos, curas y barberos ergotistas y raciocinadores", infected with Integrism and forming part of political history. Unamuno was initially suspected of Carlist sympathies, he was quick to deny them
418:
739:
it. José María runs obscure
Carlist financial scheme and convinces Pedro to invest money, assuring him of future hefty returns. Ignacio turns from adolescent boy to a man, frequents bars, visits prostitutes, takes part in street brawls; his parents are concerned about what they believe to a be a sinister influence of Juanito, son of a godless liberal. In fact, Ignacio is partially influenced by hipereloquent Celestino, who keeps advocating the Carlist cause, and partially by Pachico, an independent skeptic.
781:
friends regularly meet at the Aranas, discussing developments. Micaela, who suffers health problems, dies, and her daughter
Rafaela starts to look after the house. Meantime in the Carlist ranks Ignacio takes part in the siege and is disappointed with sluggish attacks; he requests transfer to the combat zone. Juanito and Enrique are in liberal militia, and during moments of truce they meet Ignacio. In May 1874 the siege is broken by advancing liberal troops, the city explodes with joy. Miguel Arana dies.
206:
449:, then he inherited the confectionery business. Husband of Josefa Ignacia, father of Ignacio. Though a tranquil man and non-belligerent Carlist, he supported the Carlist conspiracy financially and supported Ignacio’s decision to volunteer. During the war with his wife they left Bilbao for his native village, but returned in 1875, though they did not have the confectionery shop any more. Widowed, he got melancholic and kept wandering in the Begoña neighborhood recollecting his youth and his lost son
277:
even later; eventually the book appeared on the market in early 1897. Initially he wanted to release it with one of the Bilbao publishing houses, but he was persuaded to rely rather on a Madrid company. The book was printed in
December 1896 by the Bilbao firm Imprenta Muller y Zavaleta, but it got officially released in January 1897 by the Madrid publishing house Librería de Fernando Fé. Its print run was moderate 1.503 copies (at the time novels of established authors like
260:
485:, young and freshly graduated lawyer from Castile, who settled in Bilbao. He did not understand Basque. Well educated but exalted, a Carlist fanatic and eloquent propagandist. As an intellectual and initially authority for Ignacio, he was somewhat responsible for his volunteering. During the war a Carlist officer, very arrogant, to be loathed by Ignacio. Demonstrated perhaps insincere Carlist enthusiasm almost until the end of the war, in early 1876 crossed to France
1080:. This perspective is about discussion of local identity and local features, which might be calibrated as focus on the city (Bilbao), the province (Biscay) or the region (Basque Country). The point of interest might be language, customs, geography etc. Given Unamuno’s rather ambiguous position towards Basque identity, the book could be interpreted either as immersed in local self, or as a vision of Basque identity within the Spanish cultural domain
303:
357:
242:. In 1891 the author confessed in a private letter that initially he intended “una novelita corta” which he planned to finish in 3-4 months; later it grew to “novela histórico-político-religiosa-etc-etc” and there was still 1-2 years needed to complete it. Though Unamuno partially relied on his own infantile memories from the times of war, he also extensively consulted archival copies of newspapers issued during the siege, e.g.
785:
reconciled with the fate and accepts it as the will of God, this is also the message from don
Pascual. In the Arana family Juanito cheers the death of Ignacio, while Rafaela is saddened. It turns out that in 1873 Pachico and his old uncle left Bilbao and settled in a small town at the Cantabrian coast; now he wanders in the nearby countryside, contemplates life and writes a diary. He cries having learnt about Ignacio’s death.
554:, daughter of Juan and Micaela Arana, sister of Juanito, a girl more or less secretly adored by Ignacio and her uncle Miguel. She also seemed to like Ignacio, but they have not established a relationship before he went to war. Not interested in politics. Pursued by Enrique in besieged Bilbao, she matured fast following death of her mother. Willing to live a regular, normal life and have children, she married Enrique
548:, son of Juan Arana and Micaela Arana, brother of Rafaela. He was a friend of Ignacio and as children they played together, though later he developed militantly liberal ideas, too radical even for his own father. He abandoned his juvenile Catholic faith. During the war in liberal Bilbao militia, afterwards engaged wholeheartedly in the family business and lost interest in politics, dedicated entirely to making money
932:
397:, wife to Pedro Antonio, of similar age, also ethnic Basque, called Pepiñasi by her husband, mother of Ignacio, simple, family-devoted, religious woman. During the war together with her husband they moved to his native village. Initially in despair following loss of her son, later somewhat reconciled. During final months of the war with her husband they returned to Bilbao, where she died shortly after
1064:
509:, friend of Pedro Antonio who used to form his circle of companions. Apparently engaged in pre-war Carlist conspiracy, he convinced Pedro Antonio to invest some money in a shady Carlist deal. During the war offended by Pedro Antonio’s enquiries as to the money invested, after the war still engaged in mounting some obscure Carlist-related financial schemes and looking for people willing to invest
769:
1658:“En el seno de la paz verdadera y honda es donde sól o se comprende y justifica la guerra; es donde se hacen sagrados votos de guerrear por la verdad, único consuelo eterno; es donde se propone reducir á santo trabajo la guerra. No fuera de ésta, sino dentro de ella, en su seno mismo, hay que buscar la paz; paz en la guerra misma”, Unamuno 1897, pp. 348-349
1074:. Within this perspective, the novel is approached as a discourse on impact of war on either communities or individuals. The book is set against the background of world-famous novels related to war. Conclusions differ; some analysts viewed the book as a grand call for peace; others saw a praise of war, at least the one understood as a confrontation of ideas
751:. Ignacio is visited by his parents, he also once visits them in Bilbao. Later, as liberal city dwellers demonstrate some hostility to Pedro and his wife, they abandon Bilbao and settle in Pedro’s native village, at the house owned by don Emeterio. In late 1873 they meet there Ignacio, whose unit is briefly stationed in the village.
816:
Celestino and Juan José with last
Carlist troops cross to France. Pedro and Josefa return to their home in Bilbao; they do not have their shop, taken over by someone else, and live off savings, Josefa dies shortly. Old friends do not meet any more. Rafaela marries Enrique. Widowed Pedro spends his days walking the hills around
873:
few paragraphs later, the very ending of the book reads: “It is in the bosom of true and deep peace that war is only understood and justified; it is where sacred vows are made to fight for the truth, the only eternal consolation; it is where war turns into holy work. Not outside of it, but within it,
869:
in chapter 5, by the very end of the book, Pachico climbs the hills around Bilbao, watches the sea and contemplates nature and history, while his internal monologue turns into general reflection of the storyteller. At one point it turns towards peace which is “harmony of dissonances; peace in the war
742:
2. 1872: Carlists rise, but their initial rebellion is easily quashed. Juan José, who volunteered to the rebels, enthusiastically briefs
Ignacio on war developments. In April 1873 Ignacio, with veiled encouragement from his father, volunteers to Carlist troops. Juan José and Celestino also volunteer.
905:
Unamuno was profoundly disappointed by what he perceived to have been a rather moderate reception of the novel. He believed that the book – which took him 12 years to write and edit – has not been properly digested and thought over. Later he also held a grudge against critics – like González
Serrano
738:
1. Pedro
Antonio and his friends Gambelu, don Pascual, don Braulio, don Eustaquio, José María meet regularly over wine and discuss political developments of 1867-1871 as they are unfolding. They hope that the Carlist claimant would topple the regime, though some do not seem very much convinced about
438:
or
Francisco Zabalbide, about Ignacio’s age and his former school colleague, of poor health, orphan brought up by his uncle. A solitary, following the period of juvenile religious exaltation he became independent in thought. He kept reading a lot, tried to rationalize his Catholic faith and was sort
387:
well. Secretly adored Rafaela. As teenager naive and somewhat romantic, later rather inarticulate. Initially engaged in Carlist leafleting propaganda. Brainwashed by Celestino, following outbreak of the war he volunteered to Carlist troops. Took part in the siege of Bilbao. He asked for transfer to
407:
and Borbonic restoration, barely religious, decisively anti-Carlist. The neighbor of Pedro Antonio, with whom he maintained mostly correct, though at times tense relations. Father of Juanito and Rafaela, husband of Micaela. Has spent the war in Bilbao, afterwards he purchased some land in the area
784:
4. Back in March 1874: as requested Ignacio is moved to the Somorrostro zone, where he takes part in heavy combat, including a bayonet charge. In April he is shot dead. Officers of both armies discuss truce. When learning about death of Ignacio, Josefa Ignacia is desperate, while Pedro Antonio is
276:
Unamuno’s key advisor in publishing matters was José María Soltura Urrutia, a wealthy Biscay intellectual who eventually financed the edition. Having finished writing, in March 1896 Unamuno intended to get the book published as soon as possible, but was advised to wait until the summer or perhaps
815:
5. Pedro got melancholic and keeps regretting his lost son and lost money, invested in the Carlist cause. Josefa slowly comes to terms with the death of Ignacio. In July 1875 Pedro travels to witness Carlos VII swear Basque rights by the Guernica oak, where he breaks into tears. In February 1876
780:
3. Back in mid-1873: the Arana brothers go about their daily business in Bilbao, while Enrique pursues Rafaela. In early 1874 the city is besieged by the Carlists, who pound the city with artillery. Micaela struggles among shortage of goods, rising prices and hardships of daily life. A circle of
321:
The book sold out within a year; unlike novels of popular authors, re-issued every some time, it would not be re-published for quarter of a century. In the press the novel was rather well received, both in daily papers and specialized literary magazines; some classified it as “obra literaria de
67:
political preferences. The plot revolves around the fate of Ignacio Iturriondo, a man in his early 20s, who volunteered to Carlist troops. The book was generally well received by the press and the critics, but it failed to make a major impact and was not re-published until 1923. Issued in
289:, but eventually the writer earned 1.500 ptas (his annual salary at the university was 3.500 ptas). The book was sold at the price of 4 ptas (above the usual price of 2 ptas) and enjoyed some sort of marketing campaign. Single copies were sent out to various critics and institutions.
2067:
the Traditionalists claimed that Unamunian "intrahistoric" Carlism was his pure invention, Fernández Espinosa 2013. Progressists from Partido Carlista keep banking on Unamunian opinion about proto-socialist Carlism until today, see comments of their leader Evaristo Olcina,
155:
897:
803:
539:, Ignacio’s colleague and friend, who liked singing and music. He volunteered to Carlist troops and spent most of the war in ranks. When defeated he crossed to France but afterwards he returned to Bilbao, furious and outspoken about abolition of autonomous
191:
was merely in its nascent phase, with scarce following and reduced to very few institutional outposts. First republican parties started to win seats in the parliament, while the socialist ones failed to do so; the level of social tension was moderate.
1667:"Decepcionado por el fracaso parcial de Paz en la guerra, el catedrático se consagra entonces al estudio sobre el terreno de la cultura tradicional y rural siempre viva en los paisajes y las gentes de Salamanca", Rabaté, Rabaté 2017, p. 344
760:
843:
1878:. The book was a set of essays and reflections on history and Europe, and the author declared up front that it was inspired by Unamuno, whose title has been recycled. However, the book was not a translation of the novel into French
104:
in the local Instituto. His literary record was null: at about this time he started publishing articles in local papers, and some of them resembled the format of short stories. In 1891 he got married and assumed the chair of
910:, which provided some insights into his mindset when writing the novel and his reflections on the subject in mid-1930s. It is known that in late 1936, during his last months and overwhelmed by brutality of the unfolding
648:
234:. Some of his essays published in Biscay newspapers in the late 1880s and early 1890s contained images which later appeared in the novel, mostly related to depictions of Bilbao. The most evident case is a 1887 story
113:, where he moved with his wife; the couple would have first 3 children during the following 5 years. The scale of his press contributions became significant, and he started to make a name for himself in the local
676:, younger brother of Juan Arana, like him a vehement anti-Carlist, also co-owner of the trading business. A bachelor and a bit of an oddball, owner of indecent books. He secretly adored his niece, Rafaela
1466:
e.g. Tormento, a novel by Perez Galdós, was first published in 1884 and re-issued 4 times until 1906. The total print run of all 5 editions was 16.000, on average 3.200 per edition, Martí-López 2001, p.
1096:, which presented history as constant progress, and advocated a dialectic vision. Within this perspective, various even contradictory ingredients formed an amalgam, and a new quality emerged out of it
578:
704:. However, they appear not as protagonists but as part of background developments, e.g. Ignacio watches Santa Cruz ride across a small town and Pedro watches Carlos VII swear by the Guernica oak.
618:, former Carlist officer, one of Pedro Antonio’s friends; he was pensioned by the government and accepted political status quo. After the war he lost interest in the cause and got very religious
1312:
960:
did not attract attention. Unamuno himself was interested in foreign editions, but prioritised works of "una orientación menos localista y menos centrada en cuestiones nacionales", which put
439:
of a contradiction seeker. During early phase of the war with his uncle they moved away from Bilbao, but returned afterwards; he kept walking across nearby hills, meditating life
2168:
La novela de Unamuno en novela y discurso: Análisis interdiscursivo y retorica cultural: La novela Paz en la guerra y la conferencia "La conciencia liberal y española de Bilbao"
688:, sister of Pedro Antonio and don Emeterio, briefly married to a marine captain and then widowed. Lived with don Emeterio in the Basque village and was running his daily economy
331:. Some had difficulty when trying to categorize the novel, and referred to “novela verdaderement inclasifiable”. Among key figures of literary critique the reception was mixed.
226:
for some 12 years, which points to the mid-1880s as the moment of its inception. It seems that it was written in the late 1880s in Bilbao, and then edited in the early 1890s in
96:, was witnessed from the inside by Unamuno, who at the time was a 10-year-old boy. When commencing work on the novel, he was in his early 30s; following a university spell in
726:
1336:, Huelva 2022, ISBN 9788418984525, p. 40. It was being printed in December 1896, and in January 1897 it was shipped to commercial recipients, Tellechea Idígoras 2004, p. 146
888:
794:
146:
133:
self, tradition and history; this volume gained him attention among Spanish intellectuals, though initially it did not make a major impact in terms of popular discourse.
527:
1207:
in preface to the second, 1923 edition of the novel, Unamuno wrote: “Aqui, en este libro – que es el que fui – encerré más de doce años de trabajo”, Miguel de Unamuno,
606:, brother of Pedro Antonio, parish priest in a Biscay countryside, Carlist, maintained faith in victory until the end; during the war he hosted his brother in his home
491:, the cousin of Pedro Antonio, Catholic priest, who tried to educate Ignacio in Catholic piety. Politically a firm reactionary and anti-liberal, reader of novels by
445:, born 1812, from a rural Biscay family, ethnic Basque. In his youth worked in his uncle’s confectionery shop in Bilbao. Volunteered to legitimist troops during the
163:
When the novel was published Spain has been enjoying some 20 years of political stability, the first such period in the 19th century. The regime, usually named "
246:. It seems that his narrative was mostly completed in the early 1890s, and later years were dedicated to editing. The novel was considered ready in early 1896.
952:
has been barely noticed beyond Spain, at best referred in bibliographic listings. Some excerpts translated into Italian by Arturo Frontini were published as
1092:. Within this perspective, the focus is on either universal or specifically Spanish rules of development. The prevailing opinion is that Unamuno confronted
2625:
426:
383:, born 1849, the only child of Pedro Antonio and Josefa Ignacia. When adolescent an apprentice in a trading business of a certain Aguirre, did not speak
20:
473:
2667:
834:
214:
1435:
1565:
1361:
1346:
914:, Unamuno had some second thoughts as to the novel. He declared that "la experiencia de esta guerra” makes him rethink his own work, starting with
664:, old wartime companion of Pedro Antonio, during the war maintained enthusiasm for the Carlist cause almost until the end of the conflict in 1876
639:
1649:“suprema armonia de las disonancias; paz en la guerra misma y bajo la guerra, inacabable, sustentándola y coronándola”, Unamuno 1897, p. 348
2741:
2731:
1609:
in Basque the surname might mean "next to the spring", "near the source", and by some scholars is considered meaningful, see Jon Juaristi,
964:
at disadvantage. It was the second Spanish edition of 1923 which triggered interest. Its result was the first full translation, the German
238:; it features a fictional character which bears some resemblance to Pedro Iturriondo and contains “themes and preoccupations” developed in
183:
and would produce a massive disaster, a cultural shock that would be one of major milestones of Spanish history. Carlism, defeated in the
72:
in the 1910s, in the inter-war period the novel was translated into German and Czech, and afterwards into some other European languages.
81:
1533:
1519:
1477:
820:, melancholically reconciled with fate. Pachico, who returned to Bilbao, also wonders around, reflecting upon history, God and life.
1717:
1551:
187:
22 years before, appeared to have been a threat long gone, reduced to a second-rate party which abandoned its insurgent ideas. The
743:
They see little combat, most time is spent on marches, drills and bivouacs. Ignacio’s unit accompanies the claimant Carlos VII to
772:
624:, Enrique’s grandmother. In besieged city she was telling her recollections from the siege of Bilbao during the First Carlist War
389:
311:
1028:
1988). The last globally spoken language the work was translated into was Russian; Владимир Валериевич Симонов published it as
569:
989:
701:
582:
500:
365:
2076:
332:
314:
59:
of 1872-1876, with particular focus on the siege of the city in 1874. The protagonists are mostly Bilbao dwellers, some of
2736:
268:
1997:
1505:
1491:
285:
had a print run of 3-5.000 copies). During commercial negotiations in late 1896 Fé offered Unamuno the royalty of 2.000
594:, tenant at don Emeterio’s property, calm and cheerful farmer, dedicated to regular, daily work, befriended by Ignacio
130:
2677:
2618:
2590:
1734:"La experiencia de esta guerra me pone ante dos problemas, el de comprender, repensar, mi propia obra empezando por
2611:
336:
282:
956:
in 1901. Because of his articles in French press Unamuno became a fairly known author north of the Pyrennees, but
717:
612:, liberal veteran of First Carlist War, friend of the Aranas, who used to cheer them up during the siege of Bilbao
940:
176:
278:
180:
1794:
Filosofía hispánica contemporánea: actas del XI Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía Española e Iberoamericana
518:
492:
2525:"Paz en la guerra" entre Miguel de Unamuno y Antonio de Valbuena. A los cien años de la "Corrección Fraterna"
693:
630:, boy from the neighborhood, in liberal militia during the war. He adored Rafaela and eventually married her
110:
464:
340:
2149:
179:
against local independentists, but at the time no-one knew that within a year it would develop into the
817:
863:
in chapter 3, during the siege the people of Bilbao “live the life of peace in the middle of the war”,
417:
2726:
2585:
89:
1385:
Historia literaria y análisis cuantitativo: Ediciones, éxitos de venta y novela en España, 1840-1900
1192:
Transformaciones políticas e ideológicas de España durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1898-1936)
600:, who spent some time in America, owner of a small plot in Castile, Carlist, friend of Pedro Antonio
205:
172:
51:. Having been written since the mid-1880s, it was published in 1897. The narrative is set mostly in
19:
2402:“Guerra y paz” y “Paz en la guerra”: pueblo como parte de la historia y pueblo fuera de la historia
1898:“Guerra y paz” y “Paz en la guerra”: pueblo como parte de la historia y pueblo fuera de la historia
164:
64:
2347:
Unamuno filóso y novelista: Paz en la guerra como etapa decisiva en la evolución de su pensamiento
2380:
A Historically-Conscious Reading of Unamuno's Paz en la guerra: The Clash of Two Economic Systems
851:
188:
697:
2634:
2154:
2144:
2004:, Santiago de Compostela 2002, vol. II, ISBN 8497520149, pp. 1693-1696; Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer,
911:
866:
shortly later, more specifically, the circle of Arana friends hold reunions of “peace in war”.
670:, son of Juan and Micaela Arana, younger brother of Juanito and Rafaela, who used to tease her
496:
446:
404:
184:
56:
48:
2179:
La novela intrahistórica: presencia de Lev Tolstoi en "paz en la guerra" de Miguel de Unamuno
1945:
La novela intrahistórica: presencia de Lev Tolstoi en "paz en la guerra" de Miguel de Unamuno
1294:
in March 1986 he was already discussing publication details, J. Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras,
1033:
106:
1457:
Actas del Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas, vol. 8, Roma 1962, p. 582
2080:
748:
384:
231:
2435:
Los puntos de semejanza entre La Guerra y la Paz de Tolstoi y Paz en la guerra de Unamuno
2237:
Atributos escépticos y nietzscheanos de Pachico Zabalbilde de Paz en la guerra de Unamuno
2110:
Atributos escépticos y nietzscheanos de Pachico Zabalbilde de Paz en la guerra de Unamuno
1957:
Los puntos de semejanza entre La Guerra y la Paz de Tolstoi y Paz en la guerra de Unamuno
1930:
1792:, Roberto Albares Albares, Antonio Heredia Soriano, Ricardo Isidro Piñero Moral (eds.),
1411:
La civilización de lo impreso la prensa, el periodismo y la edición en España (1906-1936)
1060:
Reviewers, critics and historians of literature focused on various threads of the novel:
302:
175:– were not clearly visible yet. For few years the country has already been fighting the
846:
286:
356:
2720:
1261:
Actas del IX Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas 18-23 agosto 1986
1009:
327:
69:
2596:
detailed walk around Somorrostro battleground today, including focus on Ignacio and
2270:
La "novela de la tierra" de Giovanni Verga y "Paz en la guerra" de Miguel de Unamuno
259:
2703:
2657:
2479:
L'itinéraire romanesque du jeune Miguel de Unamuno (de 'Paz en la Guerra á Niebla')
1063:
2391:
La antroponimia vasca en la novela "Paz en la guerra" de Miguel de Unamuno (1897)
2073:
1994:
La antroponimia vasca en la novela "Paz en la guerra" de Miguel de Unamuno (1897)
1915:
652:
403:, owner of a successful trading business, a moderate liberal, then supporter of
323:
2012:, Wurzburg 1997, ISBN 8478466088, pp. 233-242; José Ignacio Salazar Arechalde,
931:
1738:, y luego comprender, repensar España", quoted after Francisco Blanco Prieto,
2170:, Jorge Novella Suárez, José Luis Mora García, Xavier Agenjo Bullón (eds.),
1773:
La narrativa española del siglo XX en Italia, traducción e interculturalidad
1017:
969:
227:
118:
1036:
2000). The last identified translations are by Богдан Чума into Ukrainian (
997:
859:
In the novel there are few explicit or close references to “peace in war”:
806:
171:
at power and fundamental flaws of the system – its elitism, corruption and
80:
2358:
Unamuno entre la épica y la intrahistoria: Relectura de "Paz en la guerra"
2118:
Unamuno entre la épica y la intrahistoria: Relectura de "Paz en la guerra"
1257:
Unamuno entre la épica y la intrahistoria: Relectura de "Paz en la guerra"
2501:
Algunas diferencias entre "Paz en la guerra" y "San Manuel Bueno, mártir"
1965:
Algunas diferencias entre "Paz en la guerra" y "San Manuel Bueno, mártir"
1049:
1025:
985:
744:
2248:
El sentimiento del paisaje en el primer Unamuno (paz en la guerra, 1897)
2039:
Quien niega la historia, se condena a la intrahistoria: el caso Unamuno]
1986:
El sentimiento del paisaje en el primer Unamuno (Paz en la guerra, 1897)
503:, whom he charged with cesarism, though he remained a sworn anti-liberal
2037:
opinion expressed in his letter to Ganivet, Manuel Fernández Espinosa,
1848:
first Unamuno’s book was published in Britain in 1921, David Callahan,
1622:
in Basque the surname might mean "road wide open", Juaristi 2022, p. 45
60:
2595:
2397:, Santiago de Compostela 2002, vol. II, ISBN 8497520149, pp. 1693-1696
1784:
the first book Unamuno’s book which appeared on the French market was
2697:
1013:
1005:
1000:
1975). In Britain, where Unamuno's novels "never made much headway",
981:
973:
114:
97:
52:
2603:
1631:“viviendo vida de paz en el seno de la guerra”, Unamuno 1897, p. 189
2428:
Actas del IX Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas
2413:
Unamuno y el problema vasco: La novela histórica "Paz en la guerra"
2362:
Actas del IX Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas
2336:
Paz en la guerra y la interiorización de la novela española moderna
2122:
Actas del IX Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas
2116:, Wurzburg 2019, ISBN 9783487162867, pp. 173-184; Jesús Gutiérrez,
2006:
Unamuno y el problema vasco: La novela histórica "Paz en la guerra"
1423:
Miguel de Unamuno. Expedientes administrativos de grandes españoles
1332:, Bilbao 2009, ISBN 9788498308433, p. 312, Rafael Sánchez Mantero,
1004:
appeared thanks to Anthony Kerrigan, Allen Lacy and Martin Nozick (
2516:
Bidebarrieta: Revista de humanidades y ciencias sociales de Bilbao
2018:
Bidebarrieta: Revista de humanidades y ciencias sociales de Bilbao
1062:
682:, Ignacio’s colleague, fond of reading poetry, himself also a poet
540:
168:
101:
79:
44:
18:
2281:"La Madre Naturaleza" y "Paz en la guerra": el intertexto perdido
870:
itself and behind the war, endlessly sustaining and crowning it”.
167:", was monarchy combined with parliamentarian liberal democracy;
1809:[Phd thesis Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 2002, pp. 26-27
1041:
874:
in its very bosom, we must seek peace; peace in the war itself.”
2607:
2536:
España y el País Vasco en la novela de Unamuno Paz en la guerra
2292:
Structures of Ironic and Non-Ironic Voicing in Paz en la guerra
2204:"Paz en la guerra", el "episodio nacional" de Miguel de Unamuno
2022:
España y el País Vasco en la novela de Unamuno Paz en la guerra
1949:"Paz en la guerra", el "episodio nacional" de Miguel de Unamuno
1296:
José María Soltura y Unamuno. Noticias sobre ‘Paz en la guerra’
2446:
Microhistoire et intrahistoire: La Regenta et Paz en la guerra
2417:
El joven Unamuno en su época: actas del Coloquio Internacional
2126:
Microhistoire et intrahistoire: La Regenta et Paz en la guerra
2010:
El joven Unamuno en su época: actas del Coloquio Internacional
1984:, Tafalla, 2012, ISBN 978-84-15313-19-9; Antonio Cruz Casado,
1850:
The Early Reception of Miguel de Unamuno in England, 1907-1939
2547:
José María Soltura y Unamuno: noticias sobre Paz en la Guerra
2303:
Sobre la elaboración de la novela de Unamuno Paz en la guerra
1359:
the first press note identified comes from January 24, 1897,
2193:
El tiempo en Paz en la guerra y Niebla, de Miguel de Unamuno
1153:
Elecciones y cultura política en España e Italia (1890-1923)
1151:
see e.g. Rosa Ana Gutiérrez, Rafael Zurita, Renato Camurri,
976:
1929). The second in sequence was by Karel Eger into Czech,
734:
The novel is divided into 5 untitled but numbered chapters:
339:
did not respond favorably. Also some other reviewers, like
2395:
Actas do XX Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Onomásticas
2124:, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3893548289, pp. 265-274; Olivier Ott,
2002:
Actas do XX Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Onomásticas
1179:
Modern Basque History: Eighteenth Century to the Present
984:
1932). Gilberto Beccari published full Italian version (
692:
The narrative features also some historic figures, like
988:
1952). The fourth known translation was into Polish by
495:. Fanatic Carlist supporter, after the war he embraced
1589:
Crossfire Philosophy and the Novel in Spain, 1900-1934
1263:, vol. II, Berlín/Frankfurt am Main 1989, pp. 265, 268
2314:
Unamuno y La novela existencialista: Paz en la guerra
1640:“reuniones de paz en la guerra”, Unamuno 1897, p. 197
2529:
Tierras de León: Revista de la Diputación Provincial
2226:
Perspectiva crónica y ambigüedad en Paz en la Guerra
1140:
Weak-pronoun Position in the Early Romance Languages
2690:
2641:
1383:some quantitative estimates in Elisa Martí-López,
1237:, Tafalla, 2012, ISBN 978-84-15313-19-9, pp. 57-81
121:ambience. In 1895, during final period of editing
2020:19 (2008), pp. 181-202; Moisés Simancas Tejedor,
1820:Veinte años del hispanismo ostraviense, 1993-2013
222:According to his later claim Unamuno was writing
39:, the title sometimes translated into English as
2512:Historia y paisaje de Bilbao en paz en la guerra
2481:, Christian de Paepe, Nicole Delbecque (eds.),
2243:, Wurzburg 2019, ISBN 9783487162867, pp. 173-184
2093:El principio de continuidad historica en Unamuno
2014:Historia y paisaje de Bilbao en paz en la guerra
1012:1983). The first French translation appeared in
2239:, Christoph Strosetzki; Tobias Leuker (eds.),
2112:, Christoph Strosetzki; Tobias Leuker (eds.),
1756:Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie 1897-1898
2457:Paz en la guerra y los límites de la ideología
2415:, Theodor Berchem, Hugo Laitenberger (eds.),
2174:, Madrid 2017, ISBN 9788469782767, pp. 237-253
2008:, Theodor Berchem, Hugo Laitenberger (eds.),
100:he lived in Bilbao and worked as a teacher of
2619:
2419:, Witzburg 1997, ISBN 8478466088, pp. 233-242
1992:6 (2010), pp. 173-180; Henrike Knörr Borrás,
1330:Evolución del pensamiento político de Unamuno
1276:, Salamanca 2017, ISBN 9788490127711, p. 1088
8:
2573:Boletín de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza
2483:Estudios en honor del profesor Josse de Kock
2241:Perspectivas actuales del hispanismo mundial
2186:Bakea gudan. Unamuno, historia eta karlismoa
2114:Perspectivas actuales del hispanismo mundial
2056:Bakea gudan. Unamuno, historia eta karlismoa
1982:Bakea gudan. Unamuno, historia eta karlismoa
1955:84 (2008), pp. 275-294; H. Th. Oosetendorp,
1235:Bakea gudan. Unamuno, historia eta karlismoa
1129:, Madrid 2009, ISBN 9788430607617, pp. 50-57
1116:, Salamanca 2006, ISBN 9788496408265, p. 336
2430:, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3893548289, pp. 319-326
2364:, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3893548289, pp. 265-274
2298:, Madrid 1996, ISBN 0936388781, pp. 273-284
2221:, Madrid 1984, ISBN 8423949737, pp. 131-139
2208:Boletín de la Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo
1953:Boletín de la Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo
1790:Recepción de la Generación de 98 en Francia
1591:, Frankfort 2021, ISBN 9780813184494, p. 44
1413:, Zaragoza 2021, ISBN 9788413403038, p. 415
1272:Colette Rabaté, Jean-Claude Rabaté (eds.),
1168:, Madrid 2000, ISBN 8420639478, pp. 231-255
2626:
2612:
2604:
2485:, Paris 1998, ISBN 9061869129, pp. 727-742
2215:José María Soltura ante "Paz en la guerra"
1963:69 (1967), pp. 85-105; Pedro Ribas Ribas,
2551:Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno
2461:Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos
2285:Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno
2097:Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno
1744:Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno
1328:Ramsden 1963, p. 101, Manuel Ma Urrutia,
1300:Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno
1224:, London 2016, ISBN 9781855663008, p. 215
230:. At that time Unamuno was influenced by
92:, which forms the narrative framework of
2558:Estructura narrativa de Paz en la guerra
2369:Estudio preliminar de "Paz en la guerra"
2329:Isidora: revista de estudios galdosianos
2325:Paz en la guerra (1897) / Luchana (1899)
2166:Tomás Albaladejo, Manuel Cifo González,
1837:La Cultura italiana en Miguel de Unamuno
1796:, Salamanca 2002, ISBN 8493067660, p. 27
1044:2019) and by Јелена Рајић into Serbian (
388:zone of intense combat, shot during the
1874:in 1941 Henry de Montherlant published
1807:“Solo esto esperaba yo, ser traducido”
1775:, s.l. 2006, ISBN 9788888699370, p. 40
1181:, Reno 2003, ISBN 9781877802164, p. 191
1105:
1072:war, at times specifically as civil war
2668:Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion
1613:, s.l. 2022, ISBN 9788430624584, p. 44
2490:Paz en la guerra de Miguel de Unamuno
2043:Raigambre. Revista Cultural Hispanica
1425:, Madrid 1982, ISBN 8436909275, s. 80
1220:J. J. Macklin, Julia Biggane (eds.),
7:
2393:, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (ed.),
2296:Studies in honor of Gilberto Paolini
2259:"Paz en la guerra" vista por Unamuno
1767:they were published within a volume
1448:Tellechea Idígoras 2004, pp. 151-152
1125:Colette Rabaté, Jean-Claude Rabaté,
125:, Unamuno published his first book,
2424:Sobre el arte de "Paz en la guerra"
2406:Miguel de Unamuno y la cultura rusa
1902:Miguel de Unamuno y la cultura rusa
1155:, Valencia 2003, ISBN 9788437056722
129:, a set of sophisticated essays on
2591:second Spanish 1923 edition online
2230:Homenaje a Antonio Sánchez Barbado
2188:, Tafalla 2012, ISBN 9788415313199
1947:Bilbao 1994; Juan Manuel Caamaño,
1786:Del sentimiento trágico de la vida
1769:Antologia degli scrittori spagnoli
1246:Macklin, Biggane 2016, pp. 215-116
408:and resumed his religious practice
169:two key parties were interchanging
14:
2586:first Spanish 1897 edition online
2545:José Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras,
2294:, Mercedes Vidal Tibbits (ed.),
879:Unamuno and the novel (1897-1936)
773:art: battle of Somorrostro (1874)
530:Carlists in liberal press, 1870s
2510:José Ignacio Salazar Arechalde,
2408:, St. Petersburg 2003, pp. 24-44
1943:see e.g. Elena Aparicio Cortes,
1222:A Companion to Miguel de Unamuno
930:
887:
833:
793:
759:
716:
638:
568:
517:
463:
416:
355:
301:
258:
204:
145:
2426:, Sebastián Neumeister (ed.),
2360:, Sebastián Neumeister (ed.),
2197:International Humanities Review
2120:, Sebastián Neumeister (ed.),
1685:Tellechea Idígoras 2004, p. 185
1578:Tellechea Idígoras 2004, p. 160
1400:Tellechea Idígoras 2004, p. 142
1374:Tellechea Idígoras 2004, p. 150
2531:46/126-127 (2008), pp. 195-213
1788:(1916), Claude de Frayssinet,
1274:Miguel de Unamuno, Epistolario
1:
1318:Aunamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
541:Basque provincial regulations
390:Battle of Somorrostro in 1874
181:war against the United States
1904:, St. Petersburg 2003, p. 3
1839:, Salamanca 362, pp. 320-322
1805:Ainhoa Rodríguez Hernández,
1285:Rabaté, Rabaté 2017, p. 1088
1127:Miguel de Unamuno: biografía
1114:Las novelas y sus narradores
343:, remained rather critical.
271:novel's press adverts, 1897
55:and surroundings during the
2742:Novels by Miguel de Unamuno
2732:19th-century Spanish novels
2569:En torno a Paz en la Guerra
1600:Rabaté, Rabaté 2017, p. 744
1313:Soltura Urrutio, José María
1112:Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce,
335:reportedly liked the book;
2758:
2474:, Kraków 1975, pp. 295-304
2276:70/140 (2008), pp. 533-551
2172:Laberintos del liberalismo
2091:Eduardo Pascual Mezquita,
2058:, Tafalla, 2012, pp. 48-50
1854:The Modern Language Review
1566:La Esquella de la torratxa
1436:La Esquella de la torratxa
368:Carlist insurgents, 1870s
16:Novel by Miguel de Unamuno
2534:Moisés Simancas Tejedor,
2523:Joaquín Serrano Serrano,
2375:14/29 (1984), pp. 159-166
2307:Revista Hispánica Moderna
2232:, Madrid 1981, pp. 139-55
1998:Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo
1980:see e.g. Joxe Azurmendi,
1835:Vicente González Martín,
1740:Unamuno y la guerra civil
1142:, Manchester 1963, p. 101
476:Carlist artillery, 1870s
341:Francisco Navarro Ledesma
333:Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo
2678:San Manuel Bueno, Mártir
2463:11/2 (1987), pp. 355-376
2404:, Kirill Korkonósenko,
2265:46/91 (1984), pp. 89-100
2219:Homenaje a Julián Marías
1900:, Kirill Korkonósenko,
443:Pedro Antonio Iturriondo
2564:XIV (1977), pp. 129-160
2507:28/80 (1998), pp. 53-63
2312:Emilio González López,
2309:XXXI (1965), pp. 142-58
2268:Carmine Luigi Ferraro,
2257:Rosendo Díaz-Peterson,
2224:Birute Ciplijauskaite,
2199:4/2 (2015), pp. 205-210
2177:Elena Aparicio Cortes,
1971:28/80 (1998), pp. 53-63
1913:see Міґель де Унамуно,
1771:, Nuria Pérez Vicente,
337:Urbano González Serrano
111:University of Salamanca
2553:39 (2004), pp. 109-207
2542:145 (2012), pp. 95-106
2518:19 (2008), pp. 181-202
2470:, Miguel de Unamuno,
2411:Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer,
2389:Henrike Knörr Borrás,
2386:23/2 (2002), pp. 33-48
2378:Ibon Izurieta Otazua,
2323:Marta González Megía,
2301:Manuel Garcia Blanco,
2210:84 (2008), pp. 275-294
2028:145 (2012), pp. 95-106
1919:in GoogleBooks service
1887:Frayssinet 2002, p. 28
1196:Historia contemporánea
1190:Manuel Tuñón de Lara,
1078:Basque, Biscay, Bilbao
1067:
943:first foreign edition
429:besieged Bilbao, 1874
137:Spain of the mid-1890s
127:En torno al casticismo
85:
23:
2441:69 (1967), pp. 85-105
2400:Kirill Korkonósenko,
2320:298 (1971), pp. 47-66
2274:Revista de literatura
2263:Revista de literatura
2254:6 (2010), pp. 173-180
2246:Antonio Cruz Casado,
2202:Juan Manuel Caamaño,
2150:Carlism in literature
2132:7 (2000), pp. 47-74;
2108:see e.g. Brian Cope,
1896:Kirill Korkonósenko,
1865:Callahan 1996, p. 384
1362:El ateneo de Orihuela
1198:4 (1990), pp. 239-245
1094:positivismo histórico
1066:
1020:and Louis Jolicoeur (
83:
35:, in recent editions
31:(Spanish: originally
22:
2737:Novels set in Bilbao
2575:48 (2002), pp. 65-80
2556:Arantza de Urbieta,
2488:Alberto Rey Domerq,
2477:Jean-Claude Rabaté,
2433:H. Th. Oosetendorp,
2353:32 (1997), pp. 11-25
2331:15 (2011), pp. 53-74
2287:34 (1999), pp. 29-40
2252:Crónicas de Canarias
2070:EKA-Partido Carlista
1990:Crónicas de Canarias
1758:, Halle 1902, p. 417
1611:El bucle melancólico
990:Kalina Wojciechowska
922:Foreign translations
2499:Pedro Ribas Ribas,
2496:1 (2009), pp. 35-55
2494:Revista Sans Soleil
2466:Kazimierz Przyboś,
2452:7 (2000), pp. 47-74
2439:Bulletin hispanique
2342:2 (1989), pp. 41-57
2072:service, available
1961:Bulletin hispanique
1876:Paix dans la guerre
1856:91/2 (1996), p. 386
1826:13/2 (2013), p. 104
1698:, Madrid 1923, p. 5
1694:Miguel de Unamuno,
1676:Johnson 2021, p. 44
1541:April 1897, p. 127
1523:April 1897, p. 123
1506:La Oceania española
1389:Bulletin hispanique
1211:, Madrid 1923, p. 5
1022:Paix dans la guerre
499:and turned against
2079:2010-09-04 at the
1916:Мир у війні: роман
1824:Studia Romanistica
1818:Kornélia Machová,
1746:47/1 (2009), p. 47
1707:Unamuno 1923, p. 6
1391:103 (2001), p. 683
1090:historical process
1068:
852:Fight with Cudgels
381:Ignacio Iturriondo
189:Basque nationalism
158:Madrid, mid-1890s
86:
24:
2714:
2713:
2635:Miguel de Unamuno
2472:Pokój wśród wojny
2455:Victor Ouimette,
2356:Jesús Gutiérrez,
2345:Georges Güntert,
2290:Thomas R. Franz,
2279:Thomas R. Franz,
2155:History of Bilbao
2145:Miguel de Unamuno
1587:Roberta Johnson,
1539:La España moderna
1534:Crónica literaria
1520:La España moderna
1478:La España moderna
1302:39 (2004), p. 121
1255:Jesús Gutiérrez,
1138:Herbert Ramsden,
994:Pokój wśród wojny
954:Pace nella guerra
948:First edition of
698:Antonio Lizárraga
694:Manuel Santa Cruz
447:First Carlist War
196:Writing the novel
57:Spanish civil war
49:Miguel de Unamuno
2749:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2598:Paz en la Guerra
2562:Letras de Deusto
2505:Letras de Deusto
2450:Cahiers du GRIAS
2384:Hispanic journal
2373:Letras de Deusto
2191:Craig Bergeson,
2184:Joxe Azurmendi,
2133:
2130:Cahiers du GRIAS
2106:
2100:
2099:39 (2004), p. 54
2089:
2083:
2065:
2059:
2054:Joxe Azurmendi,
2052:
2046:
2035:
2029:
1978:
1972:
1969:Letras de Deusto
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1736:Paz en la guerra
1732:
1726:
1718:Paz en la guerra
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1696:Paz en la guerra
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
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1542:
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1496:
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1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1233:Joxe Azurmendi,
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1209:Paz en la guerra
1205:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1177:Cameron Watson,
1175:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1110:
966:Frieden im Krieg
962:Paz en la Guerra
958:Paz en la Guerra
950:Paz en la Guerra
934:
916:Paz en la Guerra
908:Paz en la guerra
891:
837:
797:
763:
720:
700:or the claimant
642:
572:
521:
493:Aparisi Guijarro
467:
420:
359:
305:
262:
240:Paz en la Guerra
224:Paz en la Guerra
208:
149:
123:Paz en la Guerra
94:Paz en la Guerra
43:) is a mid-size
37:Paz en la guerra
33:Paz en la Guerra
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2637:
2632:
2582:
2422:Paul R. Olson,
2367:Julián Marías,
2334:German Gullón,
2213:Ramón Carande,
2163:
2161:Further reading
2141:
2136:
2107:
2103:
2090:
2086:
2081:Wayback Machine
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2036:
2032:
1979:
1975:
1942:
1938:
1934:bookseller site
1927:
1923:
1912:
1908:
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1058:
1034:Санкт-Петербург
1030:Мир среди войны
946:
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937:
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903:
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1016:, the work of
939:
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900:Unamuno, 1930
896:
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217:Bilbao, 1890s
213:
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84:Unamuno, 1890s
77:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2754:
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2707:(2019 biopic)
2706:
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2693:
2691:Miscellaneous
2689:
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2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
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1933:
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1409:Paul Aubert,
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1164:Jordi Canal,
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71:
70:Latin America
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
21:
2704:While at War
2702:
2676:
2666:
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2650:Peace in War
2649:
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2273:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2251:
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2240:
2236:
2235:Brian Cope,
2229:
2225:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2129:
2125:
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2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2096:
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2063:
2055:
2050:
2042:
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2033:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1892:
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1814:
1806:
1801:
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1789:
1785:
1780:
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1763:
1755:
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1743:
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1636:
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1552:El Imparcial
1550:
1546:
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1532:
1528:
1518:
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1476:
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1307:
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1256:
1251:
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1234:
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1216:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1059:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1002:Peace in War
1001:
993:
978:Mír ve válce
977:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
947:
915:
907:
904:
858:
850:
809:hills today
747:and then to
733:
691:
685:
679:
674:Miguel Arana
673:
667:
661:
627:
621:
615:
610:don Epifanio
609:
604:don Emeterio
603:
597:
591:
558:
557:
551:
545:
536:
506:
488:
482:
453:
452:
442:
435:
400:
394:
380:
373:
372:
326:
320:
275:
243:
239:
235:
223:
221:
162:
126:
122:
93:
87:
63:and some of
41:Peace of War
40:
36:
32:
28:Peace in War
27:
26:
25:
2727:1897 novels
2540:Altar Mayor
2181:Bilbao 1994
2026:Altar Mayor
1569:14.05.1897
1555:26.04.1897
1509:15.03.1897
1495:01.02.1897
1439:12.03.1897
1365:24.01.1897
1350:11.11.1898
1166:El carlismo
1038:Мир у війні
598:don Braulio
489:don Pascual
405:king Amadeo
250:Publication
177:war in Cuba
165:Restoration
2721:Categories
2045:14.10.2013
1725:25.04.1933
1046:Мир у рату
702:Carlos VII
585:' cavalry
507:José María
501:Carlos VII
401:Juan Arana
347:Characters
173:caciquismo
119:Salmantine
1347:El Lábaro
1101:Footnotes
1018:Alain Guy
970:Otto Buek
912:civil war
668:Marcelino
653:Alfonso's
537:Juan José
497:Integrism
483:Celestino
454:Secondary
324:Tolstoy’s
244:La Guerra
228:Salamanca
185:civil war
131:Castillan
88:The 1874
2468:Posłowie
2351:Versants
2340:Ojáncano
2139:See also
2077:Archived
1492:La Epoca
1481:May 1897
1026:Montreal
1010:New York
745:Guernica
655:cavalry
236:Solitaña
2000:(ed.),
1928:see at
1084:Carlism
1056:Reading
1052:2021).
1050:Београд
986:Firenze
749:Estella
662:Gambelu
628:Enrique
592:Domingo
552:Rafaela
546:Juanito
436:Pachico
109:at the
65:Liberal
61:Carlist
2698:Nivola
2682:(1930)
2672:(1917)
2662:(1907)
2653:(1897)
2642:Novels
2567:VVAA,
2318:Insula
1931:Vulcan
1014:Canada
1006:London
998:Kraków
974:Berlin
818:Begoña
807:Begoña
686:Ramona
680:Rafael
583:Carlos
385:Basque
283:Pereda
279:Galdós
115:Biscay
98:Madrid
76:Author
53:Bilbao
1723:Ahora
1042:Львів
982:Praha
825:Title
559:other
374:Major
107:Greek
102:Latin
45:novel
2658:Mist
2074:here
847:Goya
708:Plot
287:ptas
117:and
2571:,
2560:,
2549:,
2538:,
2527:,
2514:,
2503:,
2492:,
2459:,
2448:,
2437:,
2382:,
2371:,
2349:,
2338:,
2327:,
2316:,
2305:,
2283:,
2272:,
2261:,
2250:,
2228:,
2217:,
2206:,
2195:,
2128:,
2095:,
2041:,
2024:,
2016:,
1996:,
1988:,
1967:,
1959:,
1951:,
1852:,
1822:,
1742:,
1721:,
1537:,
1467:683
1387:,
1316:,
1298:,
1259:,
1194:,
968:by
281:or
47:by
2723::
1048:,
1040:,
1024:,
996:,
918:.
849:,
696:,
561::
456::
376::
2627:e
2620:t
2613:v
1032:(
1008:/
992:(
980:(
972:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
