453:. The presidium of the International Peasant Council, the top leadership of the Peasant International, issued an open letter to the Kuomintang and its peasant section at the end of April of that year, expressing supreme confidence in that organization as "the center which rallies, unites, and organizes all the revolutionary forces against the pressure of the reactionaries and imperialists." Chiang parlayed this relationship into Soviet aid and a list of CCP members — assets which were later used in a formidable and partially successful effort to annihilate the CCP in the
457:. The Krestintern's activities in China once again proved ineffective for advancing Comintern policy interests. Also in 1926 the Krestintern established a research facility in Moscow for the study of agrarian problems and the publication of books on these topics, known as the International Agrarian Institute. This subdivision of the Peasant International actually continued to exist for several years past the demise of its parent organization, publishing books through 1942, when the German invasion in
334:
40:
283:
376:
regime. The
Bulgarian communists sought without success for Todorov to align his organization with the newly established Krestintern; for his part Todorov sought money and arms for use against the Tsankov government. Some Comintern money changed hands, but no alignment of the Peasants Union with the
410:
Radić was imprisoned within months of his return to
Yugoslavia and the Central Committee of the now-banned Peasant Party was quick to renounce his seemingly rash decision to affiliate with Moscow. Rather than bolstering the political position of his organization, Radić's dalliance with the Red
380:
The
Krestintern was largely unsuccessful in its task of gathering and mobilizing non-Communist peasants' political parties to advance Communist ends and was only able to attract a small number of factional grouplets, these frequently being artificial creations of the various national communist
298:
from 10–16 October 1923. The gathering was attended by 158 delegates, hailing from 40 countries, with a majority of participants representing countries in
Eastern Europe and Asia. This gathering established a governing body comparable to the
411:
Peasant
International seemed to have gone far to bringing about its demise. Four months after his release from prison in July 1925, Radić and his party endorsed the monarchy and the Yugoslav constitution and joined the government. The
477:. Serious efforts to advance a united front with the peasantry through the Red Peasant International seem to have been abandoned at this time, although the organization remained nominally functional for nearly a decade further.
488:. As was the case with the Peasant International, this group proved a failure in its design to attract peasants and peasant organizations to the communist banner. The grim brutality of
438:, emphasizing the new International's goal of building the radical agrarian movement of Asia in addition to its plan to build bridges to Eastern European peasant parties.
300:
403:
The close relations between Radić's organization and the
Soviets led to a banning of the Croatian Republican Peasant Party and its official publication, the magazine
407:(The Worker), were officially banned on 12 July 1924. The journal continued to be issued illegally for a short time before being terminated at the end of September.
325:, long a top figure of the Comintern. Kolarov served as chairman of a new governing body for the organization known as the Executive Committee of the Krestintern.
927:
922:
270:(Profintern), respectively — and the idea that a radical international for peasants should be established under Comintern auspices. With the pro-peasant
189:
relations with radical peasant parties in
Eastern Europe and Asia, without lasting success. After failing to make headway with important initiatives in
952:
224:, a former member of the Polish Peasant Party and representative elected to the Polish parliament. On 19 June 1923, Dąbal published an article in the
201:
in the 1920s, the organization was placed on hiatus at the end of the decade. The so-called Red
Peasant International was formally dissolved in 1939.
947:
492:, followed by agrarian collapse and a massive famine in 1932–1933 essentially terminated any chance for a reestablishment of the so-called
489:
314:, although Dąbal emerged as the organization's leading public spokesman. Smirnov remained in place as the organization's chief until 1928.
307:. Two major plenary sessions of the International Peasant Council were held — the first in October 1923 and the second in November 1927.
225:
382:
341:
942:
349:
845:
469:
The period of pro-peasant moderation exemplified by the New
Economic Policy came to an abrupt end in 1928, marked by a return to
364:
in June 1923. One of these ministers, K. Todorov, travelled to Moscow early in
January 1924 where he conducted negotiations with
415:
was left to curse Radić for having made a "shameful capitulation." The Krestintern's "united front" strategy fell to failure.
381:
parties themselves. The sole exception to this rule was the nominal affiliation was the brief and nominal adherence of the
274:
in full swing in Soviet Russia, the idea for international organization of peasants quickly gained institutional traction.
839:
828:
505:
412:
263:
311:
135:
932:
304:
454:
369:
481:
290:
was head of the Krestintern during its waning years, leading the organization from 1928 until its demise in 1939
243:, and arguing that these organizations might provide fertile soil for the sowing of Communist ideas among the
442:
357:
248:
182:
153:
396:
to have had less to do with Communism than with the national aspirations of non-Serbian ethnicities inside
822:
474:
422:
to propagate its political views. The magazine was launched in April 1924 and included articles by
271:
258:
The Comintern had already established similar organizations for the radical youth movement and the
937:
373:
389:
337:
174:
166:
902:
470:
450:
365:
221:
333:
240:
39:
916:
361:
322:
287:
140:
17:
458:
441:
In 1926 the Krestintern attempted to help broker cooperative relations between the
427:
252:
186:
100:
595:
A History of Soviet Russia: Socialism in One Country, 1924–1926: Volume 3, Part 1.
573:
Graeme Gill, "Peasant International," in George Jackson and Robert Devlin (eds.),
317:
In 1928 Smirnov was replaced as the top official of the Peasant International by
515:
431:
259:
236:
520:
510:
496:
between urban-oriented communist movement and the peasantry in ensuing years.
446:
397:
393:
353:
267:
194:
294:
The Red Peasant International was established at a founding congress held in
907:
885:
George D. Jackson, Jr., "The Krestintern and the Peasant as Revolutionary,"
368:
and Vasil Kolarov regarding joint action between their organization and the
218:
875:(The Collapse of the Green International, 1921–1938). Moscow: Nauka, 1967.
392:
in 1924 during a visit to Moscow. This affiliation is judged by historian
318:
310:
The formal head of the new organization at the time of its formation was
190:
181:(Крестинтерн), was an international peasants' organization formed by the
890:
255:
political activities between communist and peasants' parties in Europe.
493:
435:
377:
Peasant International or change of regime in Bulgaria was forthcoming.
244:
344:, who briefly affiliated his organization with the Krestintern in 1924
282:
833:
803:
788:
769:
754:
738:
485:
295:
230:
215:
96:
251:
should form such an organization to facilitate the establishment of
185:(Comintern) in October 1923. The organization attempted to achieve
423:
332:
281:
198:
480:
In 1930, a new communist-backed agrarian organization called the
214:
The idea for a Red Peasant International is commonly credited to
348:
The Krestintern initially sought to build common cause with the
842:(Katipunan ng mga Anakpawis ng Pilipinas) (affiliated in 1929)
857:
Lowell K. Dyson, "Red Peasant International in America,"
766:
Second Enlarged Plenum of International Peasant Council
908:
Le Parti communiste français à la campagne, 1920–1964.
44:
Letterhead used for Krestintern correspondence, 1924
717:
418:The Krestintern published an official organ called
147:
129:
119:
109:
89:
81:
73:
65:
57:
49:
866:Peasants and Government in the Russian Revolution.
301:Executive Committee of the Communist International
880:Comintern and Peasant in East Europe (1919–1930).
577:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 435–436.
800:Third Plenum of International Peasant Council
751:First Plenum of International Peasant Council
746:Attended by 158 delegates from 40 countries.
356:by two former ministers of the government of
131:Chairman of the International Peasant Council
8:
777:Attended by 78 delegates from 39 countries.
32:
647:
645:
618:
616:
589:
587:
585:
583:
85:World federation of radical peasant parties
882:New York: Columbia University Press, 1966.
360:following his government's overthrow by a
352:, an organization established in exile in
31:
903:La Krestintern y La Liga Antiimperialista
889:vol. 14, no. 2 (June 1966), pp. 213–231.
873:Крах зеленого интернационала, 1921–1938
531:
372:for the overthrow of the newly imposed
836:peasants' leagues (affiliated in 1923)
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
887:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas,
575:Dictionary of the Russian Revolution.
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
7:
928:Organizations disestablished in 1939
840:Philippine Confederation of Peasants
27:International peasants' organization
25:
923:Organizations established in 1923
597:London: Macmillan, 1964; pg. 209.
386:(Hrvatska Pučka Seljačka Stranka)
268:Red International of Labor Unions
953:1939 disestablishments in Russia
829:Irish Working Farmers' Committee
823:Croatian People's Peasants Party
235:noting a surge in popularity of
38:
473:in an attempt to alleviate the
383:Croatian People's Peasant Party
342:Croatian People's Peasant Party
173:), known most commonly by its
1:
948:1923 establishments in Russia
846:Chinese Peasants' Association
506:International Agrarian Bureau
413:Communist Party of Yugoslavia
305:International Peasant Council
264:Young Communist International
861:vol. 58 (1972), pp. 958–973.
859:Journal of American History,
807:
802:
799:
792:
787:
784:
773:
768:
765:
758:
753:
750:
742:
737:
734:
681:vol. 3, pt. 2, pp. 784–785.
465:Later years and dissolution
370:Communist Party of Bulgaria
247:. Dąbal suggested that the
237:peasants' political parties
136:Aleksandr Petrovich Smirnov
969:
482:European Peasant Committee
171:Крестьянский Интернационал
726:
723:
720:
705:Socialism in One Country,
692:Socialism in One Country,
679:Socialism in One Country,
666:Socialism in One Country,
653:Socialism in One Country,
637:Socialism in One Country,
624:Socialism in One Country,
608:Socialism in One Country,
455:Shanghai massacre of 1927
420:The Peasant International
170:
37:
943:Left-wing internationals
878:George D. Jackson, Jr.,
868:London: Macmillan, 1979.
817:Affiliated organizations
714:International gatherings
461:forced its termination.
350:Bulgarian Peasants Union
707:vol. 3, pt. 2, pg. 956.
694:vol. 3, pt. 2, pg. 785.
668:vol. 3, pt. 2, pg. 615.
655:vol. 3, pt. 1, pg. 405.
639:vol. 3, pt. 1, pg. 401.
626:vol. 3, pt. 1, pg. 228.
610:vol. 3, pt. 1, pg. 227.
490:forced collectivization
443:Chinese Communist Party
358:Aleksandar Stamboliyski
249:Communist International
183:Communist International
154:Communist International
825:(affiliated 1924–1925)
345:
291:
226:Soviet Communist Party
205:Organizational history
471:forced requisitioning
336:
285:
163:Peasant International
33:Peasant International
18:Peasant International
475:Grain Crisis of 1928
286:Bulgarian communist
228:'s daily newspaper,
125:40 countries maximum
115:Eastern Europe, Asia
743:10–16 October 1923
272:New Economic Policy
149:Parent organization
34:
735:Founding Congress
374:Aleksandar Tsankov
346:
292:
239:, particularly in
933:Agrarian politics
871:M.M. Goranovich,
814:
813:
780:
774:9 April-??, 1925
434:(Ho Chi Minh) of
159:
158:
16:(Redirected from
960:
864:Graeme J. Gill,
785:Second Congress
778:
718:
708:
701:
695:
688:
682:
677:Quoted in Carr,
675:
669:
662:
656:
649:
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633:
627:
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611:
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598:
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484:was unveiled in
449:(KMT) headed by
172:
42:
35:
21:
968:
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963:
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959:
958:
957:
913:
912:
899:
854:
852:Further reading
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451:Chiang Kai-shek
366:Georgi Dimitrov
331:
280:
262:movement — the
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61:10 October 1923
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897:External links
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808:November 1927
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445:(CCP) and the
432:Nguyễn Ái Quốc
340:, head of the
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266:(KIM) and the
241:Eastern Europe
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759:October 1923
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536:
532:
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522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
408:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
390:Stjepan Radić
387:
384:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:military coup
359:
355:
351:
343:
339:
338:Stjepan Radić
335:
328:
326:
324:
323:Vasil Kolarov
320:
315:
313:
312:A. P. Smirnov
308:
306:
303:known as the
302:
297:
289:
288:Vasil Kolarov
284:
278:Establishment
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
232:
227:
223:
220:
217:
209:
204:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:abbreviation
176:
168:
164:
155:
152:
146:
142:
141:Vasil Kolarov
137:
134:
128:
124:
118:
114:
108:
102:
98:
95:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
779:(Carr 8:954)
704:
699:
691:
686:
678:
673:
665:
660:
652:
636:
631:
623:
607:
602:
594:
574:
479:
468:
459:World War II
440:
428:Sen Katayama
419:
417:
409:
404:
402:
385:
379:
347:
316:
309:
293:
257:
253:united front
229:
222:Tomasz Dąbal
213:
187:united front
178:
162:
160:
121:Membership
101:Soviet Union
50:Abbreviation
29:
593:E.H. Carr,
516:Sportintern
260:trade union
179:Krestintern
53:Krestintern
917:Categories
521:Kultintern
511:Profintern
447:Kuomintang
426:communist
398:Yugoslavia
394:E. H. Carr
388:headed by
354:Yugoslavia
329:Activities
321:Communist
210:Background
195:Yugoslavia
77:Federation
938:Comintern
724:Location
527:Footnotes
319:Bulgarian
245:peasantry
219:Communist
66:Dissolved
58:Formation
891:In JSTOR
500:See also
424:Japanese
191:Bulgaria
138:(first)
90:Location
834:Mexican
494:smychka
436:Vietnam
175:Russian
167:Russian
82:Purpose
804:Moscow
789:Moscow
770:Moscow
755:Moscow
739:Moscow
730:Notes
721:Event
703:Carr,
690:Carr,
664:Carr,
651:Carr,
635:Carr,
622:Carr,
606:Carr,
486:Berlin
405:Radnik
296:Moscow
231:Pravda
216:Polish
197:, and
143:(last)
97:Moscow
727:Date
199:China
430:and
161:The
74:Type
69:1939
919::
644:^
615:^
582:^
534:^
400:.
193:,
169::
99:,
233:,
165:(
20:)
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