580:
52:
349:
588:
415:, Pennemünde worked on sea launches, either from launching racks on the deck of a submerged submarine, or from towed floats. Dornberger summarized the launches from a depth of 30 to 50 feet (9 to 15 metres), "A staggering sight it was when those twenty heavy powder rockets suddenly rose, with a rush and a roar, from the calm waters of the Baltic."
604:
due to SS security and the facility had no air raid shelters for the prisoners. Fifteen
British and Canadian airmen who were killed on the raid were buried by the Germans in unmarked graves within the secure perimeter. Their recovery at the end of the war was prevented by the Russians authorities and the bodies remain there to this day.
603:
bombing raid attacked the HVP's "Sleeping & Living
Quarters" (to specifically target scientists), then the "Factory Workshops", and finally the "Experimental Station" on the night of August 17/18, 1943. The Polish janitors were given advance warning of the attack, but the workers could not leave
395:
missiles. The HVP also performed preliminary design work on very-long-range missiles for use against the United States. That project was sometimes called "V-3" and its existence is well documented. The Peenemünde establishment also developed other technologies such as the first
497:
created a subsection of Wa Pruf 11 for planning the Peenemünde
Production Plant project, headed by G. Schubert, a senior Army civil servant. By midsummer 1943, the first trial runs of the assembly-line in the Production Works at
560:, and in June 1943 British intelligence had received two such reports which identified the "rocket assembly hall", "experimental pit", and "launching tower". The Allies also received information about the
534:, which also received machinery and personnel from the two other planned A-4 assembly sites. On October 13, 1943, the Peenemünde prisoners from the small F-1 concentration camp boarded rail cars bound for
735:
arrived by teleprinter on
January 31, 1945. On February 3, 1945, at the last meeting at Peenemünde held regarding the relocation, the HVP consisted of A-4 development/ modification (1940 people),
320:) was part of the BSM, and additional departments included the Production Planning Directorate (Detmar Stahlknecht), the Personnel Office (Richard Sundermeyer), and the Drawings Change Service.
865:
revived Peenemünde as a test range, more destruction of the technical facilities of Peenemünde took place between 1948 and 1961. Only the power station, the airport, and the railroad link to
3762:
3553:
3737:
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suggested moving the A-4 Development Works to a proposed underground site in
Austria. After a site survey in September by Papa Riedel and Schubert, Kammler chose the code name
3772:
478:. These were never very successful as weapons during World War II. Their development as practical weapons took another decade of development in the United States and in the
3337:
2371:
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360:
167:
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655:) was erected in the vicinity of the planned production sites. In early 1944, construction work started for the test stands and launching pads in the Austrian
3757:
3782:
2892:
2575:
2425:
71:
2333:
877:
623:, the complete withdrawal of the development of guided missiles was approved by the Army and SS in October 1943. On August 26, 1943, at a meeting in
3523:
2602:
2083:
1343:
547:
133:
819:
stormed the installations at Peenemünde and found "75 percent wreckage". All of the research buildings and rocket test stands had been demolished.
3777:
3236:
3752:
2409:
747:
development (1455), support and administration (760). The first train departed on
February 17 with 525 people en route to Thuringia (including
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2404:
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1876:
1727:
1460:
1113:
885:
198:. By the middle of 1938, the Army facility had been separated from the Luftwaffe facility and was nearly complete, with personnel moved from
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1779:
1581:
776:
652:
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187:
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1548:
Reuter, Claus. The V2 and the German, Russian and
American Rocket Program. May 2000. S.R. Research & Publishing. 978-1894643054.
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3024:
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in southeastern Poland. Carefully camouflaged, this secret facility was built by 2000 prisoners from the concentration camp at the
1400:
518:, Dornberger, Gerhard Degenkolb, and Karl Otto Saur to negotiate the move of A-4 main production to an underground factory in the
2357:
1147:
3608:
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3241:
2863:
2853:
2848:
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2194:
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1429:
772:
1382:
Christoph
Thurner "The CASSIA Spy Ring in World War II Austria: A History of the OSS's Maier-Messner Group" (2017), pp 187.
2489:
2226:
2005:
1155:
873:
still lies in ruins at the entrance to Peenemünde. Very little remains of most of the other Nazi German facilities there.
822:
End of April 1945, a group of more than 450 important rocket scientists from Peenemünde were captured by the U.S. Army in
229:
3647:
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1845:
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3365:
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2535:
1930:
1850:
1840:
648:
443:, the number of technical staff members reached two hundred in 1943, and it also included Hermann Kurzweg of the (
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3221:
3176:
3143:
3050:
2445:
2338:
2316:
2257:
2056:
1925:
1373:
Hansjakob Stehle "Die Spione aus dem
Pfarrhaus (German: The spy from the rectory)" In: Die Zeit, January 5, 1996.
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3006:
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2044:
551:
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3211:
2801:
2691:
2499:
2090:
2025:
1990:
1772:
1549:
970:
803:
The last V-2 launch at Peenemünde happened in
February 1945, and on May 5, 1945, the soldiers of the Soviet
752:
490:
576:, the head of the US secret service OSS in Switzerland, and informed him about the research in Peenemünde.
556:
Two Polish janitors of Peenemünde's Camp Trassenheide in early 1943 provided maps, sketches and reports to
3711:
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3075:
2965:
2468:
2078:
2035:
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808:
600:
507:
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24:
1339:
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3104:
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2652:
2435:
855:
804:
474:, the youngest brother of Wernher von Braun, was employed in the attempted development at Peenemünde of
444:
1321:
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2913:
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2509:
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2000:
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523:
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at Peenemünde's "Aerodynamic Institute" eventually had nozzles for speeds up to the record speed of
228:), one of the four test and research facilities of the Luftwaffe, with its headquarters facility at
3690:
3387:
3356:
3292:
3122:
2999:
2938:
2918:
2580:
2514:
2473:
2209:
2199:
2095:
2049:
1985:
839:
787:) captured an intact V2 rocket here in 1943. It had been launched but didn't explode and was later
701:
448:
3479:
2794:
2662:
2380:
2252:
2174:
2105:
2073:
2061:
1765:
1669:
1526:
Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990
902:
788:
596:
475:
175:
129:
847:
281:
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conducted three additional Peenemünde raids to counter suspected hydrogen peroxide production.
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1903:
1898:
1723:
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1109:
1076:
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831:
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812:
494:
408:
325:
249:
243:
1573:
842:, a group of 127 engineers was eventually contracted for the continuation of the work at the
19:
For the village and the World War II Luftwaffe airfield that tested the V-1 flying bomb, see
3613:
3468:
2696:
1886:
608:
522:
mountains. In early September, Peenemünde machinery and personnel for production (including
471:
368:
353:
1340:"Poland's Contribution in the Field of Intelligence to the Victory in the Second World War"
51:
3641:
3598:
3474:
3287:
3256:
3157:
2530:
2262:
2184:
2115:
2100:
1860:
1804:
1652:
Peenemünde and its heirs in East and West: Development and Traces of Secret German Weapons
854:, signed a contract with the Soviets and were forcibly transferred to the USSR as part of
744:
664:
561:
412:
388:
380:
277:
1189:
1105:
3623:
3445:
2717:
2657:
2647:
2221:
2068:
1973:
1947:
1918:
1392:
977:. Apogee Books Space Series 36. pp. 36, 38, 79, 117, 141, 285, 288, 289, 291, 293.
569:
527:
401:
333:
317:
288:
155:
57:
1648:
Peenemünde und seine Erben in Ost und West: Entwicklung und Weg deutscher Geheimwaffen
723:
For people being relocated from Peenemünde, the new organization was to be designated
3731:
3696:
3498:
3185:
3135:
2978:
2440:
2430:
2267:
2247:
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2179:
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1952:
1942:
1908:
1159:
881:
870:
644:
464:
436:
337:
329:
261:
41:
20:
1364:
Peter Broucek "Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945" (2008), p 163.
493:
ordered construction of an A-4 production plant at Peenemünde, and in January 1939,
348:
3587:
3455:
3117:
2295:
1893:
1835:
1788:
1048:
823:
628:
624:
573:
515:
511:
384:
295:
253:
119:
3705:
1423:
1716:
1098:
1075:
motion picture documentary, released in 1988 by VESTRON Video as VHS video 5273,
3011:
2494:
2399:
2141:
1995:
1718:
The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era
1100:
The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era
768:
748:
440:
428:
302:
199:
3582:
3407:
3300:
3231:
2597:
2542:
2504:
2214:
2131:
2010:
1968:
1818:
1811:
930:
851:
756:
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684:
620:
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and the production sites from the Austrian resistance group around the priest
565:
531:
376:
364:
321:
171:
86:
73:
3558:
3058:
2990:
2973:
2817:
2775:
2763:
2151:
1792:
1602:
866:
792:
780:
732:
557:
535:
432:
219:
159:
1003:. Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. pp. 44, 65, 66, 78, 109, 117, 125.
587:
506:(F-1, "Mass Production Plant No. 1") was just about to go into operation,
463:(HAP 11) also contained the A-A Research Command North for the testing of
459:
Initially set up under the HVP as a rocket training battery (Number 444),
3652:
3635:
3593:
2607:
2592:
2020:
2015:
1935:
712:
479:
1757:
1747:
246:
was the military leader of the V-2 rocket programme and other projects.
3685:
3563:
3149:
2570:
1980:
1629:
1065:
816:
668:
640:
468:
256:
was deputy director until 1943) and there were nine major departments:
191:
880:
opened in 1992 in the shelter control room and the area of the former
439:, in 1940. Led by Rudolph Hermann, who arrived in April 1937 from the
3657:
3629:
2349:
835:
697:
691:
672:
392:
195:
687:, 10 km (6 mi) south of Saalfeld near the Bavarian border.
502:
were made, but after the end of July 1943 when the enormous hangar
3662:
3440:
2900:
2871:
1425:
The First Jet Pilot - The Story of German Test Pilot Erich Warsitz
846:
in the USA. Only a few members of the previous HVP staff, such as
815:
and all of Usedom Island. Soviet infantrymen under the command of
586:
578:
639:) for it in December, and work to blast a cavern into a cliff in
3382:
3201:
2925:
2733:
1326:
Hitler's Last Weapons: The Underground War against the V1 and V2
656:
572:. The group later discovered by the Gestapo was in contact with
519:
435:
system to reduce the condensation clouding caused by the use of
267:
Aeroballistics and Mathematics Laboratory (Dr. Hermann Steuding)
2790:
2353:
1761:
1748:
Official site of Peenemünde and the Historical Technical Museum
2738:
1024:
V2- Der Schuss ins Weltall: Geschichte einer grossen Erfindung
411:, "Rockets worked under water." In the summer of 1942, led by
372:
276:
Flight, Guidance, and Telemetering Devices (German: BSM) (Dr.
2786:
178:
from August 1943, before falling to the Soviets in May 1945.
352:
A launchpad at Peenemünde as depicted in a miniature at the
1752:
607:
A year later on July 18, August 4, and August 25, the U.S.
869:
remained functional. The gas plant for the production of
690:
the materials testing laboratory moved to an air base at
194:
for the whole Northern peninsula of the Baltic island of
1073:: Hitler's Secret Weapon (The V-2 Rocket at Peenemünde)
1055:. London: William Kimber and Co. pp. 17, 139, 273.
1030:]. Esslingen: Bechtle Verlag. pp. 41, 85, 247.
771:
was the creation of a back-up research test range, the
1227:. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. p. 107.
1242:. New York: The Viking Press, Inc. pp. 214–216.
1028:
V2-The Shot into Space: History of a great invention
619:
As with the move of the V-2 Production Works to the
3543:
3420:
3398:
3348:
3267:
3168:
3086:
2831:
2824:
2751:
2726:
2705:
2671:
2620:
2558:
2523:
2482:
2461:
2454:
2418:
2387:
2326:
2280:
2235:
2167:
2160:
2124:
2034:
1961:
1869:
1828:
1273:
The Peenemünde Raid: The Night of 17–18 August 1943
647:commenced in January 1944. To build the tunnels, a
125:
115:
107:
102:
65:
34:
1715:
1097:
1001:The Birth of the Missile:The Secrets of Peenemünde
361:German guided missiles and rockets of World War II
168:German guided missiles and rockets of World War II
3763:Buildings and structures in Vorpommern-Greifswald
1428:. England: Pen and Sword Books Ltd. p. 63.
759:) and the evacuation was complete in mid-March.
1492:
1490:
1293:
1291:
675:mountain. Other evacuation locations included:
1225:German Guided Missiles of the Second World War
461:Heimat-Artillerie-Park 11 Karlshagen/Pomerania
154:) was founded in 1937 as one of five military
3788:20th century in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
2802:
2365:
1773:
530:, and about ten engineers) were moved to the
340:managed V-2 rocket fabrication and assembly.
8:
3738:Peenemünde Army Research Center and Airfield
1316:
1314:
1312:
1014:
1012:
1010:
431:(in 1942 or 1943), as well as an innovative
223:
174:. The works were attacked by the British in
1528:. New York: St.Martin's Press. p. 31.
3773:Military installations established in 1937
2828:
2809:
2795:
2787:
2684:
2458:
2372:
2358:
2350:
2164:
1780:
1766:
1758:
1674:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1646:Michels, Jürgen; Przybilski, Olaf (1997).
1641:
1639:
1609:. New York: The Viking Press. p. 243.
31:
1514:Irving. 123,238,300; Klee & Merk. 109
1328:. New York: Times Books. pp. 52, 82.
1091:
1089:
363:were developed by the HVP, including the
170:were developed by the HVP, including the
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
679:Hans Lindenmayr's valve laboratory near
347:
287:Development and Fabrication Laboratory (
190:paid 750,000 reichsmarks to the town of
3748:Military installations of the Wehrmacht
1346:from the original on September 24, 2019
1183:"Dr. Kurt H. Debus: Launching a Vision"
1127:
1125:
945:
914:
510:bombed Peenemünde. On August 26, 1943,
3768:Government buildings completed in 1937
2334:Peenemünde Historical Technical Museum
1667:
1455:. London: Fighting High Publications.
1275:. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. p. 23.
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
878:Peenemünde Historical Technical Museum
683:moved to a castle near the village of
324:was head of a development department,
60:at the Peenemünde Army Research Center
1574:"Pustkow Concentration Camp (Poland)"
1432:from the original on December 2, 2013
1403:from the original on December 4, 2010
1104:. New York: The Free Press. pp.
886:European Route of Industrial Heritage
731:) and Kammler's order to relocate to
663:), with target areas planned for the
595:As the opening attack of the British
548:Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II
344:Guided missile and rocket development
134:Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II
7:
884:and is an anchor point of ERIH, the
795:and transferred secretly to London.
252:was the HVP technical director (Dr.
1584:from the original on March 14, 2007
599:against German rocket weapons, the
3758:World War II sites of Nazi Germany
1607:Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel
1451:McLeod, Mike; Feast, Sean (2020).
929:appears on a German document with
834:and several others surrendered in
725:Entwicklungsgemeinschaft Mittelbau
711:Engine testing and calibration to
400:system in the world, installed at
16:Research center under Nazi Germany
14:
3783:1945 disestablishments in Germany
1397:Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
1108:, 88, 161, 202, 204–6, 222, 247.
999:Klee, Ernst; Merk, Otto (1965) .
2490:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)
2006:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)
861:Although rumors spread that the
777:SS-Truppenübungsplatz Heidelager
404:to track the launching rockets.
273:Materials Laboratory (Dr. Mäder)
270:Wind Tunnel (Dr. Rudolf Hermann)
148:Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde
50:
2195:Upper Atmosphere Research Panel
2147:WWII guided missiles of Germany
1181:McCleskey, C.; D. Christensen.
923:Heeresversuchsstelle Peenemünde
583:V-2 launch in Peenemünde (1943)
485:Peenemünde V-2 production plant
379:(35 Peenemünde trial firings),
144:Peenemünde Army Research Center
35:Peenemünde Army Research Center
3778:1937 establishments in Germany
2205:White Sands V-2 Launching Site
1624:. W. Morrow. pp. 93–196.
773:Blizna V-2 missile launch site
308:Purchasing Office (Mr. Genthe)
225:Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe
1:
3753:World War II sites in Germany
2227:Operations Sandy and Pushover
1453:The Lost Graves of Peenemünde
1156:National Air and Space Museum
729:Mittelbau Development Company
558:Polish Home Army Intelligence
3793:Military research of Germany
3743:German V-2 rocket facilities
1846:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
1722:. New York: The Free Press.
1714:Neufeld, Michael J. (1995).
1271:Middlebrook, Martin (1982).
1136:. Prentice Hall. p. 37.
1096:Neufeld, Michael J. (1995).
700:(then after the war, to the
328:was Walter Riedel's deputy,
202:. The Army Research Center (
2972:Japanese private launches:
1689:Ley, Willy (October 1959).
1654:] (in German). Municj.
1238:Dornberger, Walter (1954).
1223:Pocock, Rowland F. (1967).
921:An alternative spelling is
844:White Sands Proving Grounds
838:on May 2, 1945. As part of
671:range, and the area of the
591:V2 in the Peenemünde Museum
3814:
2870:Chinese private launches:
2608:Raxwerke (Wiener Neustadt}
1851:LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
696:the wind tunnels moved to
545:
332:was engineer in charge at
218:(Peenemünde West) was the
160:German Army Weapons Office
18:
2687:
1799:
1132:Huzel, Dieter K. (1960).
898:Aggregate (rocket family)
728:
706:Naval Ordnance Laboratory
455:Heimat-Artillerie-Park 11
398:closed-circuit television
260:Technical Design Office (
49:
39:
2410:Strategic Bombing Survey
1962:Construction and bunkers
1732:– via archive.org.
1620:McGovern, James (1964).
1261:Neufeld. 1995. p119, 114
1068:Educational Foundation.
971:Ordway, Frederick I. III
927:Heeresanstalt Peenemünde
811:captured the seaport of
779:. The Polish resistance
767:Another reaction to the
552:V-1 and V-2 Intelligence
301:Future Projects Office (
262:Walter J H "Papa" Riedel
231:Erprobungsstelle Rechlin
56:1943 RAF photo-recon of
3679:Soviet Union / Russia:
2692:Operation Crossbow Site
2500:Fortress of Mimoyecques
2091:Operation Crossbow Site
2026:Fortress of Mimoyecques
1622:Crossbow & Overcast
1134:Peenemünde to Canaveral
753:Sangerhausen (district)
491:Walther von Brauchitsch
2628:B-17 "Flying Fortress"
1691:"For Your Information"
1422:Warsitz, Lutz (2009).
1399:. GlobalSecurity.org.
1188:. NASA. Archived from
973:; Sharpe, Mitchell R.
933:velocity calculations.
809:Konstantin Rokossovsky
704:-located U. S. Navy's
592:
584:
514:called a meeting with
425:supersonic wind tunnel
356:
224:
186:On April 2, 1936, the
147:
2931:Shahroud Space Center
2505:La Coupole (Wizernes)
2161:Post-WWII development
2084:Bombing of Peenemünde
2011:La Coupole (Wizernes)
1195:on September 17, 2008
1152:Peenemünde Interviews
1083:(minutes 20:00-22:00)
856:Operation Osoaviakhim
817:Major Anatole Vavilov
805:2nd Belorussian Front
590:
582:
476:anti-aircraft rockets
445:University of Leipzig
419:Aerodynamic Institute
351:
3400:International waters
2769:Defence of the Reich
1991:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
1914:Army Research Center
1524:Hunt, Linda (1991).
863:Soviet space program
441:University of Aachen
3371:Barreira do Inferno
3076:Dombarovsky / Yasny
2876:Wenchang Commercial
2581:Operation Bellicose
2210:V-2 sounding rocket
2200:Operation Paperclip
2096:Operation Aphrodite
1856:Peenemünde Airfield
1393:"Peenemünde - 1943"
1162:on October 17, 2003
1148:"Dahm, Werner Karl"
840:Operation Paperclip
702:White Oak, Maryland
597:Crossbow operations
449:Walter Haeussermann
83: /
25:Peenemünde Airfield
3550:Algeria / France:
3182:Cape Canaveral SFS
3158:Spaceport Cornwall
2381:Operation Crossbow
2317:Operation Crossbow
2258:Operation Backfire
2175:Republic-Ford JB-2
2106:Operation Teardrop
2074:Operation Crossbow
2062:Operation Most III
1931:The Bäckebo rocket
1561:Rockets and People
1550:pages 114-115; 137
1306:Neufeld. 1995 p222
1297:Neufeld 1995. p206
1285:Neufeld 1995 p 202
1213:Huzel. pp 149, 225
1020:Dornberger, Walter
903:Mikhail Devyatayev
739:development (27),
649:concentration camp
593:
585:
542:Operation Crossbow
489:In November 1938,
357:
314:Measurements Group
176:Operation Crossbow
130:Operation Crossbow
3798:Wernher von Braun
3725:
3724:
3435:Kulasekharapatnam
3416:
3415:
3252:Spaceport America
2784:
2783:
2747:
2746:
2616:
2615:
2431:Sir Arthur Harris
2405:Strategic bombing
2347:
2346:
2310:Ministry of Space
2303:Gravity's Rainbow
2289:Battle of the V-1
2276:
2275:
1904:Walter Dornberger
1899:Wernher von Braun
1729:978-0-02-922895-1
1462:978-1-9998128-9-8
1115:978-0-02-922895-1
858:in October 1946.
832:Walter Dornberger
828:Wernher von Braun
504:Fertigungshalle 1
495:Walter Dornberger
409:Walter Dornberger
326:Konrad Dannenberg
294:Test Laboratory (
250:Wernher von Braun
244:Walter Dornberger
188:aviation ministry
140:
139:
3805:
3704:
3669:Broglio, Malindi
3614:Greifswalder Oie
3606:
3533:
3494:
3473:United Kingdom:
3469:Spaceport Sweden
3338:Reagan Test Site
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3154:United Kingdom:
3148:
2988:
2953:
2841:
2829:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2788:
2685:
2633:B-24 "Liberator"
2459:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2339:Monkeys in space
2165:
2137:Aggregat rockets
2057:Polish Home Army
1887:Greifswalder Oie
1782:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1322:Garliński, Józef
1318:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1158:. Archived from
1144:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1103:
1093:
1084:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1016:
1005:
1004:
996:
979:
978:
967:
934:
919:
789:retrieved intact
730:
653:Mauthausen-Gusen
609:Eighth Air Force
472:Magnus von Braun
354:Deutsches Museum
238:HVP organization
227:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
54:
45:
32:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3702:
3667:Kenya / Italy:
3642:Salto di Quirra
3604:
3539:
3531:
3504:Clinton-Sherman
3492:
3412:
3394:
3388:Guiana / Kourou
3344:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:Mahia Peninsula
3288:Southern Launch
3263:
3257:SpaceX Starbase
3164:
3146:
3082:
2986:
2951:
2839:
2820:
2815:
2785:
2780:
2743:
2722:
2701:
2681:
2667:
2638:B-26 "Marauder"
2612:
2576:Friedrichshafen
2554:
2519:
2478:
2455:Bombing targets
2450:
2446:Babington-Smith
2414:
2383:
2378:
2348:
2343:
2322:
2272:
2263:Project Big Ben
2231:
2185:PGM-11 Redstone
2156:
2125:Related weapons
2120:
2116:Barrage balloon
2101:Operation Diver
2079:Operation Hydra
2038:countermeasures
2030:
1957:
1865:
1861:Kawanishi Baika
1824:
1805:V-1 flying bomb
1795:
1786:
1743:
1740:
1730:
1713:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1666:
1662:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:, Boris Chertok
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1484:Irving. 273,309
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1064:
1060:
1053:The Mare's Nest
1047:
1046:
1035:
1018:
1017:
1008:
998:
997:
982:
975:The Rocket Team
969:
968:
947:
943:
938:
937:
920:
916:
911:
894:
848:Helmut Gröttrup
801:
763:Occupied Poland
665:Tatra Mountains
651:(a sub unit of
617:
601:Operation Hydra
554:
544:
508:Operation Hydra
487:
457:
421:
413:Ernst Steinhoff
346:
282:Helmut Gröttrup
280:and his deputy
278:Ernst Steinhoff
240:
206:) consisted of
184:
164:Heereswaffenamt
156:proving grounds
91:
89:
87:54.15°N 13.80°E
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
61:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3699:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3624:Tuchola Forest
3621:
3616:
3611:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3431:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3191:Vandenberg SFB
3188:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Dr R. V. Jones
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:Aerial defence
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:Hermes Project
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1974:Mittelbau-Dora
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1948:Arthur Rudolph
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1919:Test Stand VII
1916:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:V2 Rocket site
1750:
1739:
1738:External links
1736:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1709:
1708:
1681:
1660:
1635:
1612:
1594:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1534:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1461:
1443:
1414:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1331:
1308:
1299:
1287:
1278:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1230:
1215:
1206:
1173:
1139:
1121:
1114:
1085:
1058:
1033:
1006:
980:
944:
942:
939:
936:
935:
913:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
900:
893:
890:
807:under General
800:
797:
769:aerial bombing
765:
764:
721:
720:
716:
715:
709:
694:
688:
616:
613:
570:Heinrich Maier
543:
540:
528:Arthur Rudolph
524:Alban Sawatzki
486:
483:
456:
453:
420:
417:
402:Test Stand VII
345:
342:
334:Test Stand VII
318:Gerhard Reisig
310:
309:
306:
299:
292:
289:Arthur Rudolph
285:
274:
271:
268:
265:
242:Major-General
239:
236:
204:Peenemünde Ost
183:
180:
138:
137:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
100:
99:
67:
63:
62:
58:Test Stand VII
55:
47:
46:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3810:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3697:El Arenosillo
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3673:North Korea:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:South America
3347:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:New Zealand:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:United States
3167:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3136:El Arenosillo
3134:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:South Korea:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:North Korea:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Satish Dhawan
2886:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
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882:power station
879:
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872:
871:liquid oxygen
868:
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645:Lake Traunsee
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467:rockets. The
466:
465:anti-aircraft
462:
454:
452:
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437:liquid oxygen
434:
430:
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418:
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410:
407:According to
405:
403:
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381:Schmetterling
378:
374:
373:test launches
370:
366:
362:
355:
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343:
341:
339:
338:Eberhard Rees
335:
331:
330:Kurt H. Debus
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3175:Government:
3118:Kapustin Yar
2954:government:
2842:government:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2296:633 Squadron
2294:
2287:
2045:Intelligence
1913:
1894:Meillerwagen
1836:Argus As 014
1817:
1810:
1803:
1744:(in English)
1717:
1699:. Retrieved
1697:. p. 73
1694:
1684:
1651:
1647:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1586:, retrieved
1577:
1568:
1560:
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1519:
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1505:Neufeld. 204
1501:
1480:
1475:Neufeld. 247
1471:
1452:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1424:
1417:
1407:November 15,
1405:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
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1348:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1302:
1281:
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1257:
1248:
1239:
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1197:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:the original
1151:
1142:
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1069:
1061:
1052:
1027:
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1000:
974:
926:
922:
917:
875:
860:
824:Oberammergau
821:
802:
784:
766:
724:
722:
660:
636:
632:
629:Hans Kammler
625:Albert Speer
618:
606:
594:
574:Allen Dulles
555:
516:Hans Kammler
512:Albert Speer
503:
499:
488:
460:
458:
422:
406:
385:Rheintochter
358:
313:
311:
296:Klaus Riedel
254:Walter Thiel
248:
241:
230:
215:
211:
207:
203:
185:
163:
151:
143:
141:
126:Battles/wars
120:World War II
103:Site history
92:54.15; 13.80
29:
3570:Australia:
3439:Indonesia:
3274:Australia:
3012:Sary Shagan
2961:Tanegashima
2906:Pameungpeuk
2899:Indonesia:
2727:Electronics
2697:Pathfinders
2559:Other sites
2400:Oslo Report
2142:Wunderwaffe
2069:Réseau AGIR
1436:October 30,
1350:November 9,
1252:Neufeld. 88
1199:October 23,
1166:October 23,
749:Bleicherode
659:(code name
627:'s office,
566:V-2 rockets
375:), and the
303:Ludwig Roth
222:Test Site (
200:Kummersdorf
166:). Several
116:In use
90: /
66:Coordinates
3732:Categories
3619:Peenemünde
3583:Hall Beach
3544:Historical
3485:Sutherland
3408:Sea Launch
3381:/ France:
3301:Rocket Lab
3232:Corn Ranch
3222:Poker Flat
3218:Academic:
3044:Pakistan:
2989:/ Russia:
2985:Kazakhstan
2818:Spaceports
2752:Opposition
2713:Grand Slam
2675:Technology
2663:Wellington
2603:Peenemünde
2598:Mittelwerk
2548:facilities
2536:facilities
2462:Operations
2419:Key people
2281:In fiction
2215:V-2 No. 13
2132:Wasserfall
1969:Mittelwerk
1909:Peenemünde
1877:Facilities
1841:Facilities
1819:V-3 cannon
1812:V-2 rocket
1630:B0006D7M16
1603:Ley, Willy
941:References
931:Wasserfall
852:Erich Apel
813:Swinemünde
757:Bad Sachsa
741:Wasserfall
727:(English:
685:Leutenberg
661:Salamander
621:Mittelwerk
615:Evacuation
546:See also:
538:mountain.
532:Mittelwerk
377:Wasserfall
365:V-2 rocket
322:Erich Apel
172:V-2 rocket
158:under the
44:, Germany
42:Peenemünde
21:Peenemünde
3706:Kronogård
3607:Germany:
3578:Churchill
3572:Carnarvon
3559:Hammaguir
3535:El Hierro
3514:Ellington
3366:Alcântara
3228:Private:
3064:Vostochny
3059:Roscosmos
2991:Roscosmos
2974:Space One
2966:Uchinoura
2944:Palmachim
2764:Luftwaffe
2648:Lancaster
2515:Sottevast
2510:Siracourt
2474:Aphrodite
2388:Overviews
2152:Rheinbote
2001:Siracourt
1986:Sottevast
1793:V-weapons
1670:cite book
1605:(1958) .
1022:(1954) .
867:Zinnowitz
793:Bug River
791:from the
781:Home Army
733:Thuringia
719:Thuringia
681:Friedland
536:Kohnstein
500:Werke Süd
433:desiccant
220:Luftwaffe
216:Werk West
146:(German:
3691:Svobodny
3653:Nii-jima
3636:Balasore
3628:Greece:
3576:Canada:
3509:Colorado
3495:States:
3480:SaxaVord
3467:Sweden:
3461:Hokkaido
3427:Canada:
3421:Proposed
3377:Europe:
3355:Brazil:
3312:Marshall
3293:Koonibba
3142:Sweden:
3123:Plesetsk
3111:Russia:
3093:Norway:
3057:Russia:
3051:Sonmiani
3000:Baikonur
2950:Japanese
2937:Israel:
2859:Wenchang
2658:Stirling
2653:Mosquito
2621:Aircraft
2593:Lehesten
2495:Brécourt
2021:Raxwerke
2016:Lehesten
1996:Brécourt
1936:MW 18014
1701:June 14,
1582:archived
1430:Archived
1401:Archived
1344:Archived
1324:(1978).
1051:(1964).
892:See also
799:Post-war
713:Lehesten
480:U.S.S.R.
429:Mach 4.4
359:Several
214:, while
212:Werk Süd
208:Werk Ost
3712:Edwards
3701:Sweden:
3695:Spain:
3686:Okhotsk
3675:Tonghae
3646:Japan:
3640:Italy:
3634:India:
3594:Guangde
3592:China:
3564:Reggane
3524:Midland
3452:Japan:
3433:India:
3328:States:
3316:Islands
3281:Woomera
3268:Oceania
3237:Pacific
3212:Wallops
3207:Kennedy
3150:Esrange
3129:Spain:
3105:SvalRak
3046:SUPARCO
2881:India:
2864:Xichang
2854:Taiyuan
2849:Jiuquan
2838:Chinese
2718:Tallboy
2678:Tactics
2643:Halifax
2571:Ebensee
2483:"Heavy"
2327:Related
1981:Nucourt
1588:May 15,
669:Arlberg
641:Ebensee
469:chemist
371:) (see
192:Wolgast
182:History
78:13°48′E
75:54°09′N
3703:
3681:Kheysa
3658:Obachi
3630:Koroni
3609:Blizna
3605:
3599:Nanhui
3532:
3530:Spain:
3493:
3491:United
3330:
3326:
3324:United
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3318:
3314:
3247:Mojave
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3100:Andøya
3087:Europe
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2952:
2919:Semnan
2912:Iran:
2893:Thumba
2840:
2825:Active
2588:Kassel
2566:Blizna
2524:Noball
2036:Allied
1882:Blizna
1789:German
1726:
1695:Galaxy
1658:
1628:
1532:
1459:
1112:
1079:
925:, and
836:Reutte
826:while
755:, and
745:Taifun
698:Kochel
692:Anklam
673:Ortler
667:, the
637:cement
633:Zement
447:) and
393:Enzian
391:, and
389:Taifun
336:, and
196:Usedom
3710:USA:
3663:Ryori
3648:Akita
3554:CIEES
3519:Maine
3499:Cecil
3441:LAPAN
3429:Canso
3025:Sohae
2901:LAPAN
2872:HICAL
2776:Blitz
2706:Bombs
2469:Hydra
2236:Other
1791:WWII
1650:[
1193:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
1026:[
909:Notes
643:near
108:Built
3717:WSSH
3603:Nazi
3475:UKSA
3456:Oita
3446:Biak
3383:CNES
3276:RAAF
3242:MARS
3202:NASA
3177:USSF
3131:INTA
3095:NOSA
3038:Naro
3033:KARI
3020:NADA
2956:JAXA
2926:IRGC
2883:ISRO
2844:CNSA
2832:Asia
2759:Flak
2734:Azon
2253:DF-1
1724:ISBN
1703:2014
1676:link
1656:ISBN
1626:ASIN
1590:2013
1530:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1438:2009
1409:2006
1352:2008
1201:2008
1168:2008
1110:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1071:NOVA
1066:WGBH
876:The
850:and
743:and
737:A-4b
657:Alps
564:and
550:and
520:Harz
423:The
312:The
210:and
142:The
111:1937
23:and
3379:ESA
3361:AEB
3357:FAB
3333:DoD
3144:SSC
3113:VKS
3071:VKS
3007:VKS
2995:VKS
2979:Kii
2939:ISA
2914:ISA
2739:H2X
2543:V-2
2531:V-1
2248:R-2
2243:R-1
2168:USA
1870:V-2
1829:V-1
1240:V-2
562:V-1
369:A-4
152:HVP
3734::
3359:/
3195:WR
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3186:ER
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1668:{{
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