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was made up out of whole cloth, not quite out of whole cloth, they used bits and pieces of speeches he'd made elsewhere on this tour, stitched them together in a way that sounded like his style of speaking, added this phrase, Negroes will not fight for the United States in a war against the Soviet Union and put it on the wires. And immediately the State
Department and the machinery of government here spread this Robeson has said thus and so, he's a traitor to the country and pressured black leaders to denounce him and pledge loyalty to the United States. Many did, some didn't, but it became issue number one. Paul Robeson, Communist traitor to the US."
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246:, was scheduled to take place on August 27 in Lakeland Acres, just north of Peekskill. Before Robeson arrived, a mob of locals attacked concert-goers with baseball bats and rocks. The local police arrived hours later and did little to intervene. Thirteen people were seriously injured, Robeson was lynched in effigy, and a cross was seen burning on an adjacent hillside. The concert was then postponed until September 4. Following the concert, request for Klan memberships from the Peekskill area numbered 748 persons.
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citizens as well as called for a full investigation of the violence and prosecution of the perpetrators. Despite condemnation from progressives and civil rights activists, the mainstream press and local officials overwhelmingly blamed
Robeson and his fans for "provoking" the violence. Following the Peekskill riots, other cities became fearful of similar incidents, and over 80 scheduled concert dates of Robeson's were canceled.
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329:. The men were directed by the Communist Party and some unions to form a line around the outer edge of the concert area and were sitting with Robeson on the stage. They were there to fight any protestors who objected to Robeson's presence. They effectively kept the local police from the concert area. The musicians performed without incident.
279:- all agreed to converge and serve as a wall of defense around the concert grounds. Ten union men slept on the property of the Rosens, effectively guarding it. A call was put out by the Emergency Committee to Protest the Peekskill Riot. On Tuesday, August 30, an overflow crowd of 3,000 people assembled peacefully and without incident at the
234:, condemned the concert and encouraged people to make their position on communism felt, but did not directly espouse violence. The riots were explicitly racist, with the rioters shouting racist terms for African Americans and Jews, burning crosses, and lynching effigies of Robeson both in Peekskill and in other areas of the United States.
629:, deploring the Peekskill riots as a violation of constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and free assembly, Rankin replied angrily: "It was not surprising to hear the gentlemen from New York defend the Communist enclave." Rankin said that he wanted it known that the American people are not in sympathy "with that
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Just as I have said since I have been able to talk and shall continue to say." Speaker
Rayburn then defended Rankin, ruling that "the gentlemen from Mississippi is not subject to a point of order...referred to the Negro race and they should not be afraid of that designation." Then Democratic Representative
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Within a few days, hundreds of editorials and letters appeared in newspapers across the nation and abroad by prominent individuals, organizations, trade unions, churches and others. They condemned the attacks and the failure of
Governor Dewey and the State Police to protect the lives and property of
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The aftermath of the concert, however, was far from peaceful. After some violence to south-going buses near the intersection of Locust Avenue and
Hillside Avenue, Hillside Avenue having since been renamed Oregon Road, concertgoers were diverted to head northward to Oregon Corners and forced to run a
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that "the gentlemen from
Mississippi used the word 'nigger.' I ask that the word be taken down and stricken from the RECORD inasmuch as there are two members in this house of Negro race." Rayburn claimed that Rankin had not said "nigger" but "Negro" but Rankin yelled over him saying "I said Niggra!
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November 17, 2010: "What's fascinating about that dispatch is that it turns out from my research that the AP had put the dispatch on the wires as dad was stepping up on the rostrum. So, it appeared in American evening papers before he had any idea that he had been quoted like that and it
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The media were flooded with reactions and charges. The Joint
Veterans Council of Peekskill refused to admit any involvement, describing its activities as a "protest parade...held without disorder and...perfectly disbanded." Peekskill police officials said the picnic grounds had been outside their
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Robeson's longtime friend and
Peekskill resident, Helen Rosen, who had agreed to collect Robeson at the train station, had heard on the radio that protesters were massing at the concert grounds. Robeson drove with Rosen and two others to the concert site and saw marauding groups of youngsters, a
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We in
America do not forget that it was the backs of white workers from Europe and on the backs of millions of blacks that the wealth of America was built. And we are resolved to share it equally. We reject any hysterical raving that urges us to make war on anyone. Our will to fight for peace is
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In recent years, Westchester County has gone to great lengths to make amends to the survivors of the riots by holding a commemorative ceremony, at which an apology was made for their treatment. In September 1999, county officials held a "Remembrance and Reconciliation Ceremony, 50th anniversary
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We colonial peoples have contributed to the building of the United States and are determined to share its wealth. We denounce the policy of the United States government which is similar to Hitler and Goebbels.... It is unthinkable that American Negros would go to war on behalf of those who have
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convention considered a motion that Robeson's name be removed from the union's honorary membership list. The motion was withdrawn for lack of support among members. Later that month, the All-China Art and Literature Workers' Association and All-China Association of Musicians of Liberated China
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Later examination of time records showed that the AP dispatched this fabricated version on its wires as Robeson began speaking. The comment was not investigated by the American press for its veracity and there was nationwide condemnation of Robeson. In the early stages of the Cold War and its
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to oppose a bill that would require communists to register as foreign agents and, just months before the concerts in 1949, he had appeared at the Soviet-sponsored World Peace Conference in Paris. Referring to the growing tensions between the Americans and the Soviets, he stated:
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Following a meeting of local citizens, union members, and Robeson supporters who formed The Westchester Committee for Law and Order, it unanimously was determined that Robeson should be invited back to perform at Peekskill. Representatives from various left wing unions - the
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and other forces of white supremacy, both domestically and internationally. Robeson specifically made a transformation from someone who was primarily a singer into a political persona who vocally supported what were, at the time, considered "communist" causes, including the
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and others assembled a non-violent line of resistance, locked arms, and sang the song "We Shall Not Be Moved." Some people were reportedly dragged from their vehicles and beaten. Over 140 people were injured and numerous vehicles were severely damaged as police stood by.
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The rescheduled September 4, 1949 concert was free from violence, but marred by the presence of a police helicopter overhead and the flushing out of at least one sniper's nest. The concert was located on the grounds of the old Hollow Brook Golf Course in
557:, the first black combat pilot and decorated World War I veteran, was knocked to the ground and beaten by the mob, which included white members of state and local law enforcement. The beating was captured on film and can be seen in the 1970s documentary
542:, and his infant children. Guthrie pinned a shirt to the inside of the window to stop it shattering. "Wouldn't you know it, Woody pinned up a red shirt," Hays was to remember. Seeger used some of the thrown rocks to build the chimney of his cabin in the
1488:"Paul Robeson Remembrance and Reconciliation Ceremony," 50th anniversary commemoration of the 1949 “Peekskill riots” in Cortlandt, Westchester County, NY, includes speakers Paul Robeson, Jr., folk singer Peter Seeger and several local elected officials.
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burning cross on a nearby hill and a jeering crowd throwing rocks and chanting "Dirty Commie" and "Dirty Kikes." Robeson made more than one attempt to get out of the car and confront the mob but was restrained by his friends.
597:, who refused to meet with them, blaming communists for provoking the violence. Twenty-seven plaintiffs filed a civil suit against Westchester County and two veterans' groups. The charges were dismissed three years later.
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577:. Despite recorded evidence of the beating, no one was prosecuted for the assault. Graphic photos of Eugene Bullard being beaten by two policemen, a state trooper and concert-goer, were published in
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protested the Peekskill attack on Robeson. On October 2, 1949, Robeson spoke at a luncheon for the National Labor Conference for Peace, Ashland Auditorium, Chicago, and referred to the riots.
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gauntlet miles long of veterans and their families, who threw rocks through windshields of the cars and buses. Much of the violence was also caused by anti-Communist members of local
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Robeson had given three earlier concerts in Peekskill without incident, but in the years leading up to the riots, Robeson had been increasingly vocal against the
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commemoration of the 1949 Peekskill riots." It included speakers Paul Robeson, Jr., folk singer Peter Seeger and several local elected officials.
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chapters. Standing off the angry mob of rioters chanting "go on back to Russia, you niggers" and "white niggers", some of the concertgoers and
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jurisdiction; a state police spokesman said there had never been a request for state troopers. The commander of Peekskill Post 274 of the
325:, near the site of the original concert. 20,000 people showed up. Security was organized by the Communist Party and Communist-dominated
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oppressed us for generations against the Soviet Union which in one generation has lifted our people to full human dignity.
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strong.... We shall support peace and friendship among all nations, with Soviet Russia and the People's Republics.
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stated: "Our objective was to prevent the Paul Robeson concert and I think our objective was reached."
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activism, communist affiliations, and anti-colonialism. The concert, organized as a benefit for the
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accompanying wide anti-communist sentiments in the West, this statement was seen by many as very
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Robeson, Paul The undiscovered Paul Robeson: quest for freedom, 1939–1976, pp. 142–143 2010
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Robeson, Paul The undiscovered Paul Robeson: quest for freedom, 1939–1976, p. 143 2010]
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of Georgia denounced Robeson on the House floor as a "Communist agent provocateur."
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of Mississippi condemned Robeson on the house floor. When New York Congressman
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734:(1954), there is an extensive segment concerning the incidents at Peekskill.
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Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival and American Society, 1940–1970
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Communist and that bunch of Reds who went up there." On a point of order,
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Seeger, Pete. Brave Nation video; Police inaction, at 10:00 minutes in.
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Pages From History: Paul Robeson and the Paris Peace Conference of 1949
773: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
425:", the English ballad "No John No", and "Farewell, My Son, I'm Dying" (
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April 1976. Hosted at the Internet Archive. Accessed 25 January 2015.
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I will be loyal to America of true traditions; to the America of the
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The Whole World in His Hands: A Pictorial Biography of Paul Robeson
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The Whole World in His Hands: A Pictorial Biography of Paul Robeson
886:(Casetta/Hayes/Seeger) The Weavers with Howard Fast and Pete Seeger
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The Whole World in His Hands: A Pictorial Biography of Paul Robeson
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699:) leaves the bus to reason with the mob, and is beaten up by them.
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United States Congressional Record, September 21, 1949, p. 13375,
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The Undiscovered Paul Robeson: Quest for Freedom, 1939–1976
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1949 anti-communist race riots against African Americans and Jews
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United States Congressional Record, September 21, 1949, p. 13375
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Following the Peekskill riots, Democratic House Representative
1297:. WYNC (New York), 4 September 2009. Accessed 25 January 2015.
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1222:"The Protest Singer: Pete Seeger and American Folk Music" in
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What came over the wires to news agencies via the AP in the
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American Folk Music and Left-Wing Politics, 1927–1957
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Taboo Tunes: A History of Banned Bands & Censored Songs
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Song: "Three Chords and The Truth" written and recorded by
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Freedom Days: 365 Inspired Moments in Civil Rights History
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Ford, Carin T. Paul Robeson: "I Want to Make Freedom Ring"
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723:, published in 1952, there is brief mention of the riots.
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African-American history of Westchester County, New York
1579:"Peekskill's days of infamy: The Robeson riots of 1949,"
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The Peekskill Riots, Maryknoll Sisters radio documentary
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NPR's 50th anniversary commemoration of Peekskill riots
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List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
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33 Revolutions per Minute: A History of Protest Songs
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Robeson's accompaniment was provided by Larry Brown.
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Chapter 5, The Politics of Persecution, pp. 182–183
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1250:University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst), 2002.
1409:To Pete Seeger, It's Still the Song of the River.
1559:The Robeson Concerts: Peekskill, New York, 1949
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1584:, September 5, 1982. Sec. AA: pp. 1, 4–5.
1371:Chapter 5, The Politics of Persecution, p. 181
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1035:Chapter 5, The Politics of Persecution, p. 180
601:Reactions in the U.S. House of Representatives
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1667:Riots and civil disorder in New York (state)
943:Paul Robeson: The Tallest Tree in Our Forest
695:. Paul Isaacson (a fictionalized version of
446:Paul Robeson: Seven other songs, including "
242:The concert, organized as a benefit for the
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1124:The Undiscovered Robeson: Quest For Freedom
1672:September 1949 events in the United States
1234:. 17 April 2006. Accessed 25 January 2015.
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739:The Peekskill riots in recording and film
200:House Committee on Un-American Activities
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1652:August 1949 events in the United States
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1392:Courtney, Steve; So Long to Lee Hays.
1206:Backbeat Books (San Francisco), 2004.
625:, a liberal Republican, spoke to the
165:Paul Robeson's remarks in Paris, 1949
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1564:FBI documents on the Peekskill riots
771:adding citations to reliable sources
671:Legacy and reconciliation ceremonies
388:including works by Chopin and Bach,
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1566:peekskil_riots.htm document removed
1343:48 Hurt In Clashes at Robeson Rally
1325:, pp. 4 ff. Wiley, 1998.
1312:. Faber & Faber (London), 2011.
1295:"Today in History: Peekskill Riots"
949:Paul Robeson: Portrait of an Artist
889:Song: "Gotta Get To Peekskill" by
1603:Black Past: Peekskill Riot (1949)
1513:from the original on 16 April 2019
1088:http://www.zikkir.com/index/188568
574:Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist
262:Meetings to protest the first riot
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1606:Black Past: Peekskill Riot (1949)
990:"A Rough Sunday at Peekskill" in
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1501:"Gazette, Vol. 2 - Pete Seeger"
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862:Song: "My Thirty Thousand" by
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680:The Peekskill riots in fiction
560:The Tallest Tree in Our Forest
433:Proshchay, moy syn, umirayu...
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522:Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie
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428:«Прощай, мой сын, умираю...»
641:protested to House Speaker
483:members, along with writer
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992:American Heritage Magazine
921:Paul Robeson: Here I Stand
732:The Ecstasy of Owen Muir
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277:United Electrical Workers
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498:73°52′54.52″W
495:41°19′36.75″N
486:
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457:
456:Ol' Man River
454:ending with "
453:
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438:Boris Godunov
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423:Go Down Moses
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348:This list is
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309:WallStreeters
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289:abolitionists
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238:First concert
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1657:Paul Robeson
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1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:AllMusic.com
1504:
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1455:Paul Robeson
1454:
1439:Paul Robeson
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765:Please help
760:verification
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623:Jacob Javits
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595:Thomas Dewey
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419:Paul Robeson
361:January 2015
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327:labor unions
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273:Longshoremen
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232:Evening Star
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196:Soviet Union
183:Ku Klux Klan
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151:civil rights
147:Paul Robeson
138:
136:
868:Billy Bragg
848:The Weavers
709:World's End
643:Sam Rayburn
536:Pete Seeger
510: /
485:Howard Fast
409:T For Texas
405:Pete Seeger
88: /
1622:1949 riots
1616:Categories
1517:29 October
1331:0471192120
967:References
793:newspapers
704:T.C. Boyle
567:-winning,
350:incomplete
301:Forrestals
115:Casualties
76:73°52′54″W
73:41°19′36″N
1573:dead link
936:Joe Glory
878:Ry Cooder
689:'s novel
654:Aftermath
466:Aftermath
400:Hope Foye
390:Prokofiev
307:, to the
305:Harrimans
303:, to the
159:Peekskill
105:Red Scare
101:Caused by
40:Red Scare
1538:Sing Out
1511:Archived
1228:Archived
955:See also
563:and the
532:Lee Hays
275:and the
192:Jim Crow
173:Robeson
128:Arrested
120:Injuries
58:Location
38:Part of
1544:(1): 3.
926:Video:
919:Video:
913:Video:
907:Radio:
901:Radio:
895:Radio:
852:Song: "
807:scholar
613:in 1938
386:Ray Lev
333:Setlist
190:, anti-
1329:
947:Film:
941:Film:
933:Film:
882:Song:
809:
802:
795:
788:
780:
631:Nigger
450:" and
271:, the
872:Wilco
856:" by
814:JSTOR
800:books
581:, by
565:Oscar
540:Toshi
481:union
394:Ravel
295:, of
291:, of
1519:2021
1327:ISBN
870:and
786:news
475:and
411:", "
392:and
384:and
177:1945
137:The
50:Date
930:BBC
769:by
730:'s
726:In
719:'s
715:In
706:'s
421:: "
407:: "
356:.
123:140
1618::
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1509:.
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1471:^
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585:.
534:,
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175:c.
161:.
131:12
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830:(
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821:(
811:·
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359:(
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