136:). Historically, time-in-grade and time-in-rank requirements and promotions were not synchronized; multiple ranks were present in each grade with all having the same authority. Rank was mainly a visual aid to roughly determine relative position when interacting with Chinese and foreign personnel. PLA etiquette preferred addressing personnel by position rather than by rank. Reforms to a more rank-centric system began in 2021. In 2023, a revised grade structure associated one rank per grade, with some ranks spanning multiple grades.
472:-centric system was being considered by 2016 and became policy as part of the 2021 "interim" reforms to officer management and recruitment policies to improve professionalism. The reforms created a four-grade structure for technical specialists (senior professional, deputy senior professional, intermediate professional and junior professional), a separate pay level structure, and linked pay and benefits to rank rather than grade.
42:. Each institution, billet, and officer has a grade. Personnel grades flow from the institution's grade. For example, the grade of a unit commander billet is the same as the unit's, and the officer in that billet receives that grade. Historically, grade, rather than rank, determined or indicated an officer's authority, and various professional and career factors.
71:(PAP) have a grade. Entities command lower-graded entities, and coordinate with like-graded entities. An institution shares its grade with its leading officers, and all sub-ordinate institutions and officers have lower grades. Under the dual-command structure, an institution's military commanding officer and
199:
The 1988 system had 15 grades and 10 ranks. The grades paralleled the civil grade system. The system had a many-to-many relationship between grades and ranks because grade and rank promotions were unsynchronized. From 1988 to 1994, there were three ranks per grade; by 2021 there were two ranks per
214:
Theater command leader and theater command deputy leader replaced military region leader and military region deputy leader respectively. Brigade leader and deputy brigade leader were also added; they may have been equivalent to division leader and deputy division leader in 2016 and then deputy
190:
policy. A 21-grade system was adopted in 1952. In 1955, this changed to 20 grades with 15 Soviet-based ranks; the ranks were abolished in 1965. The number of grades changed to 27 in 1965, 23 in 1972, and 18 in 1979; the 1965 and 1972 changes were based on the State
Administrative Grade System.
90:
An officer's authority, eligibility for billets, pay, and retirement age is determined by grade ("position grade".) Career progression includes lateral transfers between billets of the same grade, but which are not considered promotions. An officer retiring to the civil service has their grade
81:
within the wider state bureaucracy is also influenced by grades. The grading systems used by the armed forces and the government are parallel, making it easier for military entities to identify the civilian entities they should coordinate with.
160:
or "first class general"; first class general was the highest rank under the 1988 system and intended for the top leadership. The practice of an unranked CMC chairman was formalized in 1994 and the rank of first class general was abolished.
1365:
873:
149:
1254:
1222:
975:
114:
240:
751:
204:
145:
1125:一级上将军衔在87年条例中是高于上将，是全国最高军衔，主要授予军委主席，也可以授予副主席。但87年设置一级上将时，说白了，就是给邓的。但是邓主动要求不授衔。这个军衔也就一直空着。而且当时也规定一级上将在战时授予军委主席，后来又觉得战时再搞个授衔什么的很麻烦军委主席直接就是军队最高领导，没必要特意授衔，所以后来就取消了
452:
404:
362:
317:
272:
91:
translated to the civil grade system; their grade continues to progress and draw retirement benefits through the civil system rather than the armed forces.
756:
942:
1244:
1212:
965:
1174:
152:, the country's ruling body. Civilian CMC members have personnel grades but do not have military ranks. During the drafting of the 1988 system,
1035:
200:
grade. A rank could also appear across grades; for example, major general could appear from division leader to military region deputy leader.
1355:
766:
1072:
60:
1309:
761:
475:
The revised officer grade system associated each grade to one rank, although a rank could be associated with multiple grades.
1137:
1329:
119:
95:
78:
1075:[It has become a practice that the Chairman of the Central Military Commission does not confer military ranks].
17:
64:
35:
203:
The vague relationship between grades and ranks was not the only problem. Further difficulties appeared with the
1109:
932:
68:
414:
262:
208:
187:
211:- and the disruption of career paths with the conversion of many divisions and regiments into brigades.
31:
1164:
1249:
1169:
970:
937:
1027:
324:
72:
1360:
1131:
1077:
448:
179:
56:
1082:
423:
175:
148:, a civilian, is the CMC's chair which makes them the armed forces' representative in the
1305:
1245:"The PLA's New Organizational Structure: What is Known, Unknown and Speculation (Part 1)"
1370:
966:"Assessing the PLA's Promotion Ladder to CMC Member Based on Grades vs. Ranks – Part 1"
313:
63:(CMC) to the platoon level. Since 1988, all institutions, billets, and officers in the
1349:
153:
1217:
868:
739:
268:
1213:"What a Change in China's Officer Rank and Grade System Tells Us About PLA Reform"
186:
system — were used by parts of the army from 1937 to 1946; this was not official
1325:
375:
341:
400:
183:
869:"Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on January 28"
383:
157:
352:
1243:
Allen, Kenneth; Blasko, Dennis J.; Corbett, John F. (4 February 2016).
442:
127:
103:
156:- then CMC chairman - refused the rank of (depending on the report)
293:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
833:
831:
829:
1366:
Military units and formations of the People's
Republic of China
182:. Personnel were addressed by job titles. Ranks — based on the
1112:[Xi Jinping's next rank should be marshal, I'd say!].
893:
891:
874:
Ministry of
National Defense of the People's Republic of China
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
791:
789:
787:
1206:
1204:
1324:
Pollpeter, Kevin; Allen, Kenneth W., eds. (14 June 2012).
604:
Treated as corps deputy leader for salary and benefits
1081:(in Chinese). 中国共产党新闻网. Guang'an Daily. Archived from
178:, and the later PLA, did not use grades or during the
18:
931:
Wuthnow, Joel; Saunders, Phillip C. (16 March 2021).
207:- particularly the operational reorganization around
862:
860:
858:
1306:
The
Culture of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1030:[Chinese civil service grades and ranks].
1304:Kaufman, Alison A.; Mackenzie, Peter W. (2009).
1150:
1071:Kan, Ke (5 May 2016). Le, Yi; Qin, Jing (eds.).
1007:
909:
849:
837:
146:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
933:"A New Step Forward in PLA Professionalization"
767:Civilian cadres of the People's Liberation Army
752:Civil service of the People's Republic of China
1308:(Report). Marine Corps Intelligence Activity.
1286:
1274:
1195:
1055:
995:
897:
820:
795:
215:division leader and regiment leader in 2020.
36:armed forces of the People's Republic of China
27:Core command structure of China's armed forces
1328:(Report). China Aerospace Studies Institute.
94:Historically, personnel grade — or position (
8:
757:Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party
434:First lieutenant/Lieutenant (junior grade)
1165:"China Announces Reform of Military Ranks"
1103:
1101:
1099:
1108:Gao, Xin (2 August 2017). Guo, Du (ed.).
1066:
1064:
477:
392:Lieutenant colonel/Lieutenant commander
217:
783:
144:The highest grade is CMC chairman; the
1129:
867:Huang, Panyue, ed. (1 February 2021).
738:Grade is indicated on a uniform by a
7:
1332:from the original on 26 January 2021
1177:from the original on 13 October 2019
1032:Dalate Banner Party Building Network
742:and the number of rows of ribbons.
479:Post-2021 officer grades and ranks
1163:Allen, Kenneth (30 January 2017).
591:Provincial/ministry deputy leader
25:
945:from the original on 22 June 2024
762:Administrative divisions of China
302:Lieutenant general/Vice admiral
285:Lieutenant general/Vice admiral
277:Lieutenant general/Vice admiral
1312:from the original on 2024-06-23
1257:from the original on 2020-11-13
1225:from the original on 2024-05-11
1038:from the original on 2024-06-14
978:from the original on 2024-05-11
964:Allen, Kenneth (22 July 2010).
493:Equivalent civil service grade
562:Theater command deputy leader
347:Senior colonel/Senior captain
330:Senior colonel/Senior captain
282:Military region deputy leader
219:1988 officer grades and ranks
132:
123:
108:
99:
1:
1211:Char, James (31 March 2021).
539:Quasi-national deputy leader
372:Lieutenant colonel/Commander
1326:The PLA as Organization v2.0
1151:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009
1034:(in Chinese). 9 March 2023.
1008:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009
910:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009
850:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009
838:Kaufman & Mackenzie 2009
150:Politburo Standing Committee
112:) — was more important than
552:Provincial/ministry leader
426:/Lieutenant (junior grade)
409:Major/Lieutenant commander
389:Major/Lieutenant commander
333:Major general/Rear admiral
310:Major general/Rear admiral
299:Major general/Rear admiral
288:Major general/Rear admiral
61:Central Military Commission
1387:
1287:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
1275:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
1196:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
1136:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1056:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
996:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
898:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
821:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
796:Pollpeter & Allen 2012
672:
666:
628:Department deputy leader
600:
590:
584:
577:
551:
522:
256:
246:
226:
223:
1356:People's Liberation Army
683:Battalion deputy leader
457:First lieutenant/Ensign
397:Battalion deputy leader
79:Civil–military relations
65:People's Liberation Army
686:Township deputy leader
654:Regiment deputy leader
625:Division deputy leader
549:Theater command leader
526:Deputy national leader
369:Regiment deputy leader
338:Division deputy leader
188:Chinese Communist Party
709:Company deputy leader
431:Company deputy leader
378:/Lieutenant commander
660:County deputy leader
205:2015 military reforms
75:have the same grade.
69:People's Armed Police
55:Grades determine the
1250:Jamestown Foundation
1170:Jamestown Foundation
1110:"习近平的下一个头衔怎么说也该是元帅了"
971:Jamestown Foundation
938:Jamestown Foundation
588:Corps Deputy Leader
520:CMC deputy chairman
307:Corps deputy leader
86:Personnel management
657:Lieutenant colonel
565:Lieutenant general
480:
437:Captain/Lieutenant
420:Captain/Lieutenant
361:Lieutenant colonel/
220:
1073:"形成中央军委主席不授予军衔的惯例"
725:Second lieutenant
615:Department leader
478:
244:CMC Vice-chairman
218:
852:, pp. 73–74.
731:
730:
712:First lieutenant
670:Battalion leader
612:Division officer
461:
460:
449:Second lieutenant
180:Chinese Civil War
73:political officer
57:command hierarchy
16:(Redirected from
1378:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1277:, p. 18-19.
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1005:
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886:
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864:
853:
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841:
835:
824:
818:
799:
793:
676:Township leader
638:Regiment leader
598:Division leader
510:National leader
481:
424:First lieutenant
358:Colonel/Captain
221:
209:theater commands
176:Chinese Red Army
134:
125:
110:
101:
21:
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1114:Radio Free Asia
1107:
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848:
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819:
802:
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785:
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748:
736:
722:Platoon leader
696:Company leader
601:Senior colonel
466:
263:Military region
248:
243:
197:
172:
167:
142:
88:
53:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1078:People's Daily
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644:County leader
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578:Major general
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468:Changing to a
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318:Senior captain
314:Senior colonel
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266:
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196:
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171:
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141:
138:
87:
84:
67:(PLA) and the
52:
49:
47:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1383:
1372:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1289:, p. 20.
1288:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1198:, p. 21.
1197:
1192:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 46.
1152:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1085:on 2020-11-09
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:, p. 87.
1057:
1052:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:"中国公务员的级别和职级"
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1010:, p. 77.
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:, p. 19.
997:
992:
989:
977:
973:
972:
967:
960:
957:
944:
940:
939:
934:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
915:
912:, p. 73.
911:
906:
903:
900:, p. 17.
899:
894:
892:
888:
876:
875:
870:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
846:
843:
840:, p. 74.
839:
834:
832:
830:
826:
823:, p. 16.
822:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
801:
798:, p. 18.
797:
792:
790:
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763:
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758:
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621:
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587:
583:
580:
575:Corps leader
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548:
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544:
541:
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516:
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504:CMC chairman
503:
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170:Early systems
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154:Deng Xiaoping
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37:
33:
19:
1334:. Retrieved
1314:. Retrieved
1282:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1218:The Diplomat
1216:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1168:
1158:
1146:
1124:
1118:. Retrieved
1116:(in Chinese)
1113:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:the original
1076:
1051:
1040:. Retrieved
1031:
1003:
991:
980:. Retrieved
969:
959:
947:. Retrieved
936:
905:
878:. Retrieved
872:
845:
737:
474:
469:
467:
464:2021 reforms
241:CMC chairman
235:Less common
232:Most common
213:
202:
198:
195:1988 reforms
173:
143:
131:
113:
109:zhiwu dengji
107:
93:
89:
77:
54:
39:
38:is based on
32:organization
29:
536:CMC member
254:CMC member
1350:Categories
1316:2024-06-23
1261:2024-06-13
1229:2024-05-11
1120:2024-07-02
1089:2018-06-02
1042:2024-06-14
982:2024-05-12
773:References
740:ribbon bar
484:Pay Level
405:Lieutenant
184:Kuomintang
778:Citations
384:Battalion
363:Commander
344:/Captain
140:Civilians
59:from the
51:Hierarchy
1361:Military
1330:Archived
1310:Archived
1255:Archived
1223:Archived
1175:Archived
1132:cite web
1036:Archived
976:Archived
943:Archived
746:See also
734:Insignia
699:Captain
641:Colonel
523:General
353:Regiment
325:Division
257:General
249:General
46:Overview
1336:23 June
1297:Sources
1181:23 June
949:22 June
445:leader
443:Platoon
417:leader
415:Company
401:Captain
386:leader
355:leader
342:Colonel
327:leader
296:leader
273:Admiral
269:General
265:leader
165:History
158:marshal
133:junxian
120:Chinese
96:Chinese
34:of the
880:5 July
719:17–19
706:15–18
693:14–17
673:Major
667:12–16
651:10–13
496:Notes
487:Grade
453:Ensign
227:Ranks
224:Grade
130::
128:pinyin
122::
106::
104:pinyin
98::
40:grades
1371:Ranks
635:8–11
507:None
490:Rank
376:Major
294:Corps
1338:2024
1183:2024
1138:link
951:2024
882:2024
470:rank
247:None
174:The
115:rank
100:职务等级
30:The
1352::
1253:.
1247:.
1221:.
1215:.
1203:^
1173:.
1167:.
1134:}}
1130:{{
1123:.
1098:^
1063:^
1015:^
974:.
968:.
941:.
935:.
917:^
890:^
871:.
857:^
828:^
803:^
786:^
622:9
609:8
585:7
572:6
559:5
546:4
533:3
517:2
501:1
126:;
124:军衔
102:;
1340:.
1319:.
1264:.
1232:.
1185:.
1140:)
1092:.
1045:.
985:.
953:.
884:.
451:/
403:/
316:/
271:/
118:(
20:)
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