653:
661:
3578:
3406:
2958:
2758:
363:
1499:
1339:
2388:
3690:
3121:
375:
50:
3300:
2400:
2372:
818:
1566:
679:'s casual comment: "Do you think it was a little thing what happened yesterday, that Spain went to bed as a monarchy and rose as a republic" became instantly famous, going quickly around Madrid and around Spain, making people accept the fact and setting a more relaxed mood. Republicans within the Spanish Armed forces were then a minority, but so were pro-monarchist reactionaries; the majority within the military were at first indifferent.
2620:
450:
3720:
3151:
2717:
469:, in 1898, the country's armed forces grew disgruntled and the public's view toward them worsened. Military leaders resented the attitude of the Spanish politicians and the public opinion who unjustly blamed the Spanish Military for the failures in the colonies. In November 1905 Spanish Army personnel stormed the offices of Catalan magazine
3713:
3144:
860:(UGT). The militias that had been hurriedly armed in the wake of General Franco's coup had been loosely coordinated by the Popular Front coalition. The new structure sought to impose a more effective coordination of the loyalist forces, for the Republican government had lost effective control of the armed units defending it.
3706:
3137:
3609:
3437:
2989:
2789:
1488:
battalions, as well as against PNV soldiers. Even though the number of troops was relatively large, and despite their commitment to fight, the lack of equipment and the low quality of the available weapons hampered their effectiveness, which would lead them to be overwhelmed by the
Nationalist armies
545:
The consequence of such developments was that the division between the
Spanish military and the Spanish people became deeper. The liberal traditions that the Spanish Army had spearheaded in the 19th century were replaced by a defensive, reactionary outlook. The mutual suspicion led to the creation of
956:
The shortage of proper clothing, boots, weapons and ammunition was especially acute during the first months of the war, right after the reorganization. Priority, however, was given to ensure that the
Republican troops received adequate food rations and that they received their salaries. Usually the
808:
generals in July 1936, militias were formed in many cities in Spain that had not sided with the rebellion lest the units of the
Spanish Republican Army stationed in their territory be tempted to join the rebels. Finally in October the Republican government reorganized its armed forces around the
890:
were charged with the mission of lifting the morale of the troops and ensuring their cooperation with their high-rank officers in all units. The commissar had to overcome the mistrust of the troops towards the officers in order to achieve the necessary discipline for proper coordination.
1046:
could be appeased. In the void thus created, only the Soviet Union helped the
Spanish government effectively, but its assistance came at a high monetary cost. At the end of October 1936, three months after the rebels had been supplied with German and Italian weapons by Hitler and
1003:, assisted the beleaguered Republican government chiefly by providing weapons. Despite the fact that the Soviet arms shipments were duly paid at high prices, the USSR used this opportunity to extend its power over the Spanish Republic. In April 1938 Socialist minister of defense
2803:
3602:
3430:
2982:
2782:
3017:
577:
The
General's dictatorship, however, did not solve the problems of the Spanish Armed Forces for the support of the military institution for General Primo de Rivera's move was not unanimous. Already in 1926 there was the first serious attempt of a coup, popularly known as
3024:
3038:
3045:
3031:
3010:
3595:
3423:
2975:
2775:
980:, resisted what they saw as Communist-led "militarization". They distrusted the Communist leadership and perceived the move as an effort to force them to abandon their militia model, making them depend from a single central power, which was against their ideals.
3003:
2831:
558:. The Spanish military had an excess of officers, as much as 16,000 officers for 80,000 troops at one point and the economic crisis, coupled with a low pay, brought the problem of the economic hardships of military families to the fore. Allegedly the aim of the
1577:
After the
Spanish Republican territory was split in two in April 1938, there was an emergency reorganization of the military units that implied deep changes both in the structure as well as in the general distribution of the remaining battle-ready armies. Two
2852:
2859:
2845:
2838:
3734:
3646:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
2824:
3637:
3630:
3623:
2810:
2817:
705:. In order to implement its reforms the Republican Government promoted to high posts military men that it perceived as loyal. As a result, it tended to display favoritism towards the branches of the Armed Forces more amenable to its reforms, the
3287:
used three-pointed stars were placed below the rank insignia of officers assigned to the command of units above the size of regiment. One star was used for a brigade, two for a division, three for a corps and four for the commander of an army.
725:
and Cuatro
Vientos-Getafe uprisings during the monarchy rose to high posts for which they were not the most competent. In the same manner Spanish Republican Navy officers who displayed pro-republican fervor were rewarded with political posts.
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3463:
3449:
3470:
3456:
502:
the
Spanish Armed Forces became henceforward a "State within the State" that would interfere in civilian matters in an overbearing manner, becoming a major player in Spanish politics. Other Spanish intellectuals such as
612:
branch of the
Spanish Army to General Primo de Rivera's attempts to integrate and reorganize the Spanish military, created uneasiness within the ranks and in the face of the stubbornness of the Artillery officers in
700:
of the bloated and old-fashioned military the Republic had inherited. This was seen as a necessary step with the goal to modernize the Spanish Military and cut down the expenses of the state in the aftermath of the
1111:
The Spanish Republican Army broke up towards the end of March 1939 when the Soldiers of the Republic surrendered their posts and weapons to the victorious Francoist armies. Many of them had to face immediately the
780:, this rebellion succeeded only in fractioning Spain, with roughly half of the territory still loyal to the Republic. Instead of giving up or calling for a compromise, Franco began a bloody war of attrition, the
1120:
where some of them would be shot later, as their records would be checked. Among the members of the Republican Armed Forces who escaped, many were interned in concentration camps in Southern France, such as the
952:
The Spanish Republican Army units often lacked proper equipment. The situation improved somewhat by spring 1937, but a large proportion of units remained short of equipment and ammunition throughout the war.
2605:
was merged with the air arm of the Spanish Republican Navy in September 1936, after the reorganization of the armed forces following the July 1936 coup, becoming part of the Spanish Republican Air Force.
1506:
Towards the end of 1937, after the loss of the Northern Zone, the structure of the People's Republican Army underwent some important changes, even though it kept the structure of the previous six months.
875:, as well as all scattered militias, a process that was gradually implemented with the goal of completion by February 1937. By 30 October all Spanish males aged between 20 and 45 were being conscripted.
1066:
goals promoted by Juan NegrĂn and his clique, but were disastrous and wasteful for the Spanish Republican Army, whose energy and organization would have been better employed in small-scale operations.
7258:
1058:, during the last half of 1938, but it was also the battlefield where it was broken. Very young soldiers, averaging 17 and a half in age, whose unit was known as the 'Baby bottle conscription' (
5349:
7253:
4993:
693:
within the first months of the newly installed republic. The officers of the Armed Forces resented that a man without a military background had been appointed to lead the War Ministry.
5144:
784:. During the Civil War the part of the army loyal the Spanish republican government was forced to fight against the better equipped fraction of the army in revolt and their powerful
7243:
498:
in Spain by making speech against "Spain and its symbols"âthe Spanish Armed Forces including themselves as one of the symbolsâ a criminal offence. According to renowned writer
1427:: A motley combination fighting in the Aragon front without specific loyalty to the Spanish Republican Government. Held together by their common Anti-fascist commitment, the
2726:
In the Civil War, and following the reorganization of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, the five pointed red star became an insignia of Spanish Republican Army uniforms.
1993:
2147:
that had gathered all the Republican units that had become isolated north of the Ebro River when the republican territory was split in two. It fought the Battle of the Ebro
2729:
The new insignia mainly replaced the former eight-pointed and six-pointed silver stars that had been part of the Republican Army officers' uniforms between 1931 and 1936.
1951:
4739:
488:
of Sevilla, Barcelona and Madrid openly opposed the prosecution of those members of the military involved in the storming. This crisis led in 1906 to the approval of the
5922:
2216:
562:
was to defend the interests of Spanish military officers, but their intention to get involved in political issues was clear to the public. Finally on 13 September 1923,
4849:
2298:
1545:. It was a mobile army that was not specifically assigned to any front. It included the most loyal and experienced combat troops of the Republican Army, such as the
1062:) would be mobilized for this last big battle of the Civil War, the last one in which the International Brigades operated. These large war operations fulfilled the
5342:
1733:
753:. General Sanjurjo was subsequently arrested and court-martialed. Initially he was condemned to death, but his sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment in
2187:
652:
563:
1122:
4986:
4798:
4771:
4720:
4702:
4684:
1464:: It is difficult to establish that there was an actual Northern Army in the isolated northern zone of the republic. Technically it included the Basque Army
5137:
972:), the Communist Fifth Regiment, as well as the Anarchist militias were rallied under one banner and given proper military training. In places such as the
962:
4921:
3910:
5335:
675:
In 1931, following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, the armed forces of the Spanish Kingdom became the Spanish Republican Armed Forces.
4356:
Orden, circular, declarando que el Ministro de la Guerra asume el mando de todas las fuerzas armadas & organizadas como Jefe superior de las mismas
1000:
3798:
2637:
1075:
4979:
1108:. But General Franco vehemently refused any compromise and wanted only total victory and the humiliation and disbandment of the Spanish Republic.
4542:
5130:
1343:
1125:
which held about 100,000 defeated Spanish Republicans at a certain point in time. From there some managed to go into exile or went to join the
960:
The reorganization of the Spanish Republican Army was almost complete by mid-1937. Groups such as the Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias,
863:
The changes in the structure began on 16 October 1936, doing away with the War Ministry which was replaced by the 'National Defence Ministry' (
4938:
4431:
5915:
4569:
4338:
4291:
4016:
3970:
3919:
3877:
3869:
2580:
Following a Government decree dated 2 October 1935, the DirecciĂłn General de AeronĂĄutica was placed under the authority of the War Ministry,
2344:
2060:
1436:
1212:
934:
joining the Republican People's Army in its combat. Anti-fascist volunteers from all over the world that joined the brigades were trained at
850:
585:
2035:
1898:
660:
7217:
5870:
5296:
5091:
1970:
1444:
2241:
1932:
4600:
4513:
2321:
2012:
3783:
1432:
542:, were primarily the result of the unpopular Moroccan wars that "merely satisfied the needs of the Military" in the eyes of the public.
54:
1809:
7238:
4883:
2684:
1834:
1671:
738:
697:
683:
417:) after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the
1869:
1759:
1704:
1642:
1546:
4967:
SIDBRINT: Sistema de InformaciĂłn Digital sobre las Brigadas Internacionales/Digital Information System on the International Brigades
4669:
4589:
4384:
4086:
4072:
4048:
4033:
3994:
3896:
3836:
2703:
2656:
2425:
of the Spanish Republican Army. It had been established during the time of the monarchy through a Royal decree on 28 February 1913.
1172:
968:
4486:
1242:
5908:
1089:
856:
597:
190:
2530:
In 1930 a pro-Republican revolt in the Cuatro Vientos military aerodrome near Madrid was quashed. After the proclamation of the
5935:
5362:
5157:
5006:
4746:
3809:
2663:
746:
515:". Unamuno openly expressed his concern that it would be left to the military to define what was correct regarding patriotism.
399:
85:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4853:
4362:. Vol. Año CCLXXV Tomo IV, NĂșm. 290. Gaceta de Madrid: diario oficial de la RepĂșblica. 16 October 1936. pp. 354â355.
947:
4929:
2641:
1358:
In May 1937 the Popular Army was structured in the following field armies in the territory that was still under its control:
2474:(Arrow) airplane on the plain of Ben Karrix in Morocco. During the years that followed, most of the warfare activity of the
1887:
871:. By means of this new structure, the Regular Popular Army unified all the branches of the military, including the renowned
676:
580:
2141:
1498:
1393:
this front lost priority, which would give its troops a respite right up to the end of the war. It had about 60,000 troops.
2025:
882:
influence in the new discipline imposed by the Popular Front authorities. The new Republican People's Army instituted the
665:
4824:
4408:. Vol. Año CCLXXV Tomo IV, NĂșm. 290. Gaceta de Madrid: diario oficial de la RepĂșblica. 16 October 1936. p. 355.
2670:
2412:
1480:), scattered units among which there were no links. To compound matters there were often internecine skirmishes between
706:
526:), however, would be the main cause of the ensuing fractures in the political and social life in Spain. The disastrous
362:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7056:
6591:
2463:
became the first organized military air unit to see combat during the first systematic bombing in history by dropping
1458:
1375:
2570:
1785:
1362:
1101:
345:
163:
4951:
2652:
1338:
570:. After overthrowing the parliamentary government he established himself as dictator with the tacit consent of King
6016:
6006:
4442:
2428:
Another Royal decree published in the Gaceta de Madrid on 18 March 1920 led to the establishment of the first four
2387:
1469:
1390:
1327:
1137:. Finally, there was a smaller group of men which scattered and hid in the mountainous areas of Spain, such as the
302:
286:
202:
4802:
4775:
4717:
4699:
4681:
2630:
2136:
167:
7248:
7212:
7207:
6011:
6001:
5890:
5885:
5316:
5311:
5111:
5106:
3958:
2106:. It was more short-lived than the GERC, for this army group would be annihilated by the rebel forces during the
2103:
2102:, included the armies that were defending Catalonia that were still loyal to the Spanish Republic led by General
2096:
2090:
1597:
1591:
1202:
801:
605:
434:
179:
5858:
4956:
915:
817:
242:
6701:
6021:
5996:
3905:
2500:
1217:
1134:
988:
593:
131:
5278:
5253:
4418:
1891:
911:
749:
which they resented as an "affront to the unity of Spain". The rebellion failed and became popularly known as
318:
206:
5283:
5273:
5248:
5228:
5203:
3814:
2551:
2547:
2445:
1676:
1604:(GERC), was an army group that gathered all the republican units that fought in the Republican Central Zone (
1368:. It was the most well-disciplined and better equipped Army section of the Republican State. Hardened in the
768:
In July 1936, five years after the proclamation of the republic, a section of the Spanish Republican Army in
171:
5268:
5233:
5198:
5178:
4060:
3778:
2586:
2531:
2326:
2048:
1944:
1651:
1292:
1237:
996:
714:
710:
535:
403:
337:
214:
155:
75:
5810:
5805:
5790:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5655:
5650:
5635:
5615:
5610:
5590:
5575:
5570:
5540:
5520:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5465:
5455:
5450:
5440:
5263:
5238:
5208:
5193:
5173:
5056:
5022:
2802:
2535:
2353:
2349:
2311:
2307:
2284:
2250:
2246:
2229:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2065:
2044:
2040:
2021:
2017:
1998:
1979:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1903:
1847:
1839:
1768:
1742:
1738:
1717:
1713:
1684:
1655:
927:
530:
ended up bringing about severe social reactions in Spain that could no longer be silenced by means of the "
282:
274:
238:
7194:
5880:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5395:
5390:
5306:
5258:
5243:
5223:
5188:
5168:
5101:
5017:
3090:
2924:
2259:
1772:
1709:
1680:
1647:
1616:. It was the most powerful section of the republican military that would endure until the 1939 surrender.
1396:
1126:
931:
551:
326:
290:
262:
210:
7171:
7166:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6686:
6676:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6641:
6631:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6521:
6516:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
919:
254:
6441:
6431:
6426:
6411:
6396:
6371:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6026:
5991:
5900:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5800:
5795:
5780:
5745:
5720:
5660:
5645:
5640:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5585:
5580:
5550:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5470:
5460:
5445:
5218:
5183:
3016:
2334:
2330:
2303:
2288:
2280:
2254:
2225:
2221:
2073:
2069:
2002:
1983:
1937:
1907:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1843:
1818:
1814:
1746:
1187:
838:
499:
495:
440:
The Civil War reorganization of the forces that remained loyal to the established republican government.
266:
194:
5986:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
1550:
3299:
2590:, following which in 1936 the regional units became restructured. Accordingly, the Spanish Navy-based
374:
314:
306:
49:
5400:
5385:
5380:
5213:
5071:
5039:
4539:
4302:
4104:
3931:
2677:
2492:
2483:
2178:
2117:
2053:
1764:
1660:
1613:
1421:
1415:
1192:
1063:
983:
The power and leadership of the Communists within the armed forces was promoted by the government of
531:
512:
490:
322:
234:
198:
175:
2399:
2371:
923:
601:
341:
270:
250:
7181:
7176:
7161:
7091:
7061:
7021:
6911:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6826:
6716:
6696:
6691:
6681:
6671:
6651:
6646:
6636:
6626:
6611:
6581:
6571:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6511:
6491:
6466:
5358:
5327:
5078:
5061:
4613:
3694:
3125:
2830:
1916:
1689:
1535:
1440:
1428:
1307:
1227:
1197:
1031:
887:
478:
258:
3023:
1565:
6436:
6421:
6416:
6406:
6401:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6301:
6296:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6191:
6161:
6141:
6096:
6031:
4021:
3793:
3072:
2906:
2879:
2566:
2542:, but he would be quickly succeeded by Commander RamĂłn Franco, younger brother of later dictator
2107:
1752:
1570:
1257:
1222:
1117:
1085:
1055:
151:
4971:
3037:
1105:
1051:, the first Soviet war supplies arrived to alleviate the lack of material in the loyalist side.
633:
246:
5122:
3044:
3030:
3009:
2809:
1116:, especially the professional officers and the volunteers, while the remainder were brought to
5981:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5032:
4879:
4665:
4585:
4565:
4510:
4458:
4380:
4374:
4334:
4287:
4082:
4068:
4044:
4029:
4012:
3990:
3966:
3915:
3892:
3873:
3865:
3842:
3832:
3284:
3108:
3081:
3002:
2942:
2915:
2888:
2870:
2816:
2555:
2496:
2460:
2441:
2437:
2408:
2234:
1609:
1514:
1247:
1232:
1182:
1097:
907:
781:
758:
504:
418:
230:
218:
135:
4400:
4376:
Historia general de España & AmĂ©rica. T. XVII, La segunda repĂșblica & la guerra civil
4354:
4009:
Por quĂ© fuimos vencidos: Testimonios clave de la derrota del EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica
3853:
Alpert, Michael. "The Clash of Spanish Armies: Contrasting Ways of War in Spain, 1936â1939,"
2837:
1389:
front. It was somewhat poorly organized and badly lacked in equipment and weapons. After the
1088:, 'Stalinist' influence only abated right at the end of the Civil War with the creation of a
17:
5066:
2851:
2543:
1912:
1542:
1465:
1369:
1252:
1207:
1177:
1138:
1048:
1004:
730:
702:
519:
508:
391:
226:
4528:
2858:
2844:
829:
The government of the areas that had not joined the rebels, known as 'Victory Government' (
5027:
4933:
4724:
4706:
4688:
4557:
4546:
4517:
2823:
2433:
2152:
1523:
1411:
1167:
1142:
1081:
868:
789:
769:
687:
555:
485:
718:
690:
298:
4490:
1326:) own sections until they were asked to withdraw in order to satisfy the demands of the
1157:, the last military units to fly the flag of the Spanish Republic, well into the 1960s.
7202:
5875:
5301:
5096:
5051:
3948:
2524:
1827:
1403:
1347:
1270:
1154:
1150:
1039:
1019:
1007:
resigned in protest at the level of Soviet influence over the Spanish Republican Army.
984:
872:
809:
military units that had remained loyal and the militias were merged with the new army.
773:
637:
567:
2491:, already established through a Royal decree four years earlier, became functional in
7232:
5931:
4961:
4465:, Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, coll. 'Références', 1981
4402:
Orden, circular, creando un Comisariado general de Guerra con la misiĂłn que se indica
4326:
4172:
3884:
3788:
1853:
1823:
1452:
1274:
1023:
903:
629:
589:
310:
294:
222:
159:
4529:
24 au 26 août 1944 Libération de Paris par les chars ... espagnols de la nueve
2488:
1722:
1113:
1043:
992:
571:
539:
454:
330:
278:
183:
4926:
1035:
682:
What began to antagonize the Spanish Military against the new government were the
628:
The Second Spanish Republic was preceded by two pro-Republican coup attempts, the
3803:
3733:
3645:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
2619:
2464:
2209:
1697:
1386:
1130:
846:
785:
669:
618:
466:
429:
The Spanish Republican Army went through two clear phases during its existence:
4271:
Por el camino de la revoluciĂłn: La Marina española, Alfonso XIII y la RepĂșblica
3636:
3629:
3622:
1455:
fought along the POUM Militias in this front, describing the mood of the place.
5002:
4828:
4474:
4445:
The Effect of Communist Party Policies on the Outcome of the Spanish Civil War
3099:
2933:
2468:
2376:
1793:
1777:
1664:
1579:
1541:: Designed to carry out the campaigns that had been planned by the Republican
1407:
1315:
1054:
The People's Republican Army reached its highest level of organization in the
625:). Henceforward the Artillery officers would develop a pro-Republican stance.
481:
were also located, for having published a caricature ridiculing the military.
474:
4265:
4263:
3846:
1279:
Faced with a war situation the Republican Army based its organization in the
902:) was the basic military unit of the Republican People's Army. The first six
737:
against the Republican Government. He led a group of officers opposed to the
696:
Later in October the same year Azaña became Prime Minister and continued the
457:
ridiculing the Spanish Army that led to the attack of the Cu-Cut! head office
5044:
4562:
El Ășltimo frente. La resistencia armada antifranquista en España, 1939â1952,
2562:
2268:
2127:
1485:
1481:
1382:
1319:
1288:
1027:
879:
742:
609:
4475:
Stalin and the Spanish Civil War â Soviet Hardware Supplied to the Republic
3872:(Spanish version available, published by Siglo XXI de España, Madrid, 1989
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3462:
3448:
584:(after St John), against the dictator in which four high-ranking generals â
449:
2720:
2429:
2422:
2205:
1726:
1303:
1146:
976:
Front, however, the Anarchist and minority Communist groups, such as the
935:
614:
511:
were seriously worried at the time about the future implications of the "
3469:
3455:
906:
were created on 18 October 1936. The first was led by Communist colonel
3955:, (Spanish version available, published by Siglo XXI de España, Madrid)
3063:
3054:
2897:
2644: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2452:
1351:
1280:
805:
762:
734:
656:
14 April 1931, proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in Barcelona
527:
470:
4947:
Escalilla del Arma de InfanterĂa EjĂ©rcito Popular a 1 de julio de 1938
1015:
973:
641:
3979:
Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica
2716:
4946:
4432:
Las Brigadas Mixtas en el EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica Española
5153:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
2512:
2370:
1693:
1564:
1497:
1337:
1311:
816:
754:
651:
448:
1451:. Their numbers were around 80,000 but they lacked coordination.
1448:
1406:
area. It included the frontline that went from the south of the
1011:
977:
722:
608:â were involved. Besides the failed coup, the resistance of the
462:
95:
5904:
5331:
5126:
4975:
1502:
Republican army as seen by Nationalist intelligence, March 1938
1302:
As the war unfolded, the Spanish Republican Army would include
2613:
2523:
in 1926, at the time when Spanish Morocco was retaken and the
2508:
1038:
were ready to sacrifice Spain (as they later would sacrifice
1014:
was largely the consequence of the western democracies, like
878:
The restructuring of the Spanish Republican Army showed the
957:
latter were paid to the soldier's families in their homes.
4966:
2565:
surveys of Spain were carried out using modern methods of
538:
protests in Barcelona in July 1909, which quickly turned
4043:. Editorial AsociaciĂłn de Libreros Lance, Madrid, 2006.
4647:
4645:
4540:"Republicans deportats als camps de concentraciĂł nazis"
4137:, Instituto de Estudios EconĂłmicos, Madrid 1984, pg. 22
3953:
The Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, 1936â1939
3862:
The Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, 1936â1939
1265:
Organization and structure during the Spanish Civil War
4584:
Osprey Campaign Series #60, Osprey Publishing, 1999,
3889:
The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936â1939
2507:
in Spain, the ZeluĂĄn Aerodrome was taken over by the
1344:
Forty-fourth Division of the People's Republican Army
1026:
not helping the young Spanish Republic. Fearing the "
930:. The reorganization included as well the XI and XII
7259:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1939
3829:
A New International History of the Spanish Civil War
1080:
Opposed by high-ranking officers such as republican
776:. Although relatively more successful than the 1932
757:. In March 1934 Sanjurjo was granted amnesty by the
494:("Law of Jurisdictions"), which severely restricted
437:
that would fracture the Spanish military institution
5823:
5758:
5693:
5628:
5563:
5498:
5433:
5373:
741:, as well as to the policy of granting autonomy to
369:
357:
352:
146:
141:
127:
117:
109:
101:
91:
81:
71:
67:
16 October 1936 â 29 March 1939 (Second phase)
61:
29:
4135:Militarismo y Civilismo en la España contemporånea
4055:España Heroica. Diez bocetos de la guerra española
7254:Military units and formations established in 1931
4511:CorazĂłn Helado de 1939 â Los exilios republicanos
4192:, Ed. Ministerio de Defensa, Madrid 1998, pg. 182
4011:Coleccion Los Tres dados, Prensa Espanola, 1974.
894:Based on a model that would replace the columns (
4081:. Ediciones PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica, Barcelona, 1981.
4922:Armada Española â Segunda RepĂșblica (1931â1939)
3965:, Madrid: Marcial Pons, Ediciones de Historia.
2100:Grupo de Ejércitos de la Región Oriental (GERO)
1472:(PNV), as well as the so-called Asturian Army (
833:), quickly organized a 'Regular Popular Army' (
4662:Historia del EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica.
1322:would be part of the International Brigades' (
837:) (EPR). Led by all the parties composing the
5916:
5343:
5138:
4987:
4273:, Editorial Neptuno, Valladolid 2004, pg. 214
4079:Militares republicanos de la Guerra de España
4065:Historia del EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica
3926:Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931â1939
3743:
3714:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3603:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3516:
3505:
3431:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3145:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
2983:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2783:
1569:Spanish Republican military flag used in the
966:(MAOC), the militias of the Socialist Youth (
461:Following the loss of Spain's last colonies,
8:
4902:Rank insignia of the Spanish Republican Army
2538:replaced KindelĂĄn as chief-commander of the
1153:. There they waged a guerrilla war with the
729:On 10 August 1932 a pro-monarchist general,
7244:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic
4582:The Ebro 1938; Death knell of the Republic,
4487:"Unidades de la FARE que actuaron con I-15"
4244:, Ed. Historia 16, Madrid 1990, pg. 158â159
4218:, Ed. Historia 16, Madrid 1994, pg. 271â272
4190:Las Juntas de Defensa Militares (1917â1922)
4028:. Editorial Ariel S.A., 1974 (1ÂȘ ediciĂłn).
2598:divisions which are still operative today.
963:Milicias Antifascistas Obreras y Campesinas
648:The first years of the Republic (1931â1936)
5923:
5909:
5901:
5820:
5755:
5690:
5625:
5560:
5495:
5430:
5370:
5350:
5336:
5328:
5145:
5131:
5123:
4994:
4980:
4972:
4580:Chris Henry (Cons. Ed. David G. Chandler)
4463:LĂ©on Blum, chef de gouvernement. 1936â1937
4163:, Ed. Aguilar, Madrid 1958, Vol I, pg. 791
3721:
3707:
3610:
3596:
3438:
3424:
3152:
3138:
2990:
2976:
2790:
2776:
2455:, a Spanish expeditionary squadron of the
813:October 1936: First wartime reorganization
4917:Sections of the Spanish Republican Army 2
4912:Sections of the Spanish Republican Army 1
2704:Learn how and when to remove this message
2569:in 1933 and the following year Commander
2451:On 17 December 1913, during the war with
2113:It was composed by the following armies:
867:), led by the president of the republic,
821:Seal of the 'National Defence Ministry' (
686:introduced by newly nominated Republican
636:and a rebellion of Air Force officers in
4626:
4624:
4622:
4148:España, ensayo de historia contemporånea
3799:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3296:
2715:
2515:. Lieutenant Colonel KindelĂĄn was named
2511:army and another aerodrome was built at
2398:
2386:
2265:
2175:
2161:
1922:
1859:
1799:
1632:
1618:
1443:and Communist militias belonging to the
1076:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
721:with a background in the pro-republican
659:
358:Army Flag of the Second Spanish Republic
4097:
3989:, Madrid : San MartĂn, 1990â1991,
3704:
3593:
3421:
3135:
2973:
2773:
1602:Grupo de Ejércitos de la Región Central
1291:. Every battalion included a number of
1123:Camp de concentration d'ArgelĂšs-sur-Mer
999:of the Spanish Republic imposed by the
4309:, Penguin Books, London 2001. pp.95â97
3911:The Spanish Republic at War, 1936â1939
3160:
2495:, in the same location as present-day
1287:). Each of these was composed of four
1161:Battles of the Spanish Republican Army
666:Order of Merit of the Spanish Republic
26:
4257:, Ed. Ikusager, Vitoria 2001, pg. 273
4231:, Ed. Ikusager, Vitoria 2001, pg. 233
3891:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3738:
3729:
3641:
3618:
2998:
2798:
7:
7218:List of Spanish Republican divisions
5871:List of Spanish Republican divisions
5297:List of Spanish Republican divisions
5092:List of Spanish Republican divisions
4682:Historia del Ejército del Aire: 1913
4373:Ruiz ManjĂłn-Cabeza, Octavio (1986).
4203:El modelo español de pronunciamiento
3914:, Cambridge University Press, 2002,
2642:adding citations to reliable sources
1445:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
433:The pre-Civil War phase, before the
4907:Caps of the Spanish Republican Army
3864:, University of Westminster, 2013,
3831:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
3784:Background of the Spanish Civil War
2558:, then a Spanish colonial outpost.
898:) and militias, the Mixed Brigade (
4878:. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing.
4179:, Ed. Taurus, Madrid 2001, pg. 182
4057:. Editorial Ariel, Barcelona, 1975
2573:became new chief-commander of the
2519:, becoming chief-commander of the
1070:Final offensive and end of the war
851:ConfederaciĂłn Nacional del Trabajo
761:government and went into exile in
25:
4205:, Ed. Rialp, Madrid 1983, pg. 182
4124:, Alianza, Madrid 2000, pg. 90â91
1133:, while part of them ended up in
969:Juventudes Socialistas Unificadas
865:Ministerio de la Defensa Nacional
823:Ministerio de la Defensa Nacional
396:EjĂ©rcito de la RepĂșblica Española
370:Coat of Arms of Spain (1936â1939)
123:âą 800 Tanks and Armoured vehicles
36:EjĂ©rcito de la RepĂșblica Española
4379:. Ediciones Rialp. p. 597.
4175:& Genoveva Queipo de Llano,
4004:, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona, 1973
3981:. Madrid, Almena. 84-922644-7-0.
3732:
3688:
3644:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3576:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3404:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3298:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3119:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2956:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2756:
2618:
1489:before the end of the same year.
1318:. Most of the foreign volunteer
415:EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica
373:
361:
191:Francisco Llano de la Encomienda
48:
41:EjĂ©rcito Popular de la RepĂșblica
5936:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
5363:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
5158:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
5007:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
4942:of the People's Republican Army
4122:Historia del Ejército en España
4067:. La Esfera de los Libros S.L.
3963:Asà terminó la Guerra de España
3810:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
2629:needs additional citations for
2478:took place in Spanish Morocco.
1786:Fourteenth Guerrilla Army Corps
550:(Boards of Defence) during the
86:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
4952:The Northern Front 1936 â 1937
4825:"ADAR, La Gloriosa en Combate"
4269:Hermenegildo Franco Castañón,
4150:, Buenos Aires, Argentina 1974
3961:; Cervera Gil, Javier (2000).
1243:Siege of Cuartel de la Montaña
564:General Miguel Primo de Rivera
1:
4876:The Spanish Civil War 1936-39
4700:Ejército del Aire: Aeródromos
4664:La Esfera de los Libros S.L.
4253:Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros,
4242:El Problema Militar en España
4227:Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros,
3938:. Penguin Books. 2001. London
3283:The republican forces of the
857:UniĂłn General de Trabajadores
772:rebelled under the orders of
709:and, in a lesser degree, the
411:People's Army of the Republic
398:) was the main branch of the
18:People's Republican Army
4850:"Quinto regimiento uniforms"
4120:Fernando Puell de La Villa,
4041:AsĂ fue la defensa de Madrid
4002:Las Brigadas Internacionales
3806:, Spanish refugees in France
2517:Jefe Superior de AeronĂĄutica
2413:Spanish Republican Air Force
2137:Autonomous Group of the Ebro
1299:would not exceed 3,000 men.
800:After the partly successful
168:Arturo Ălvarez-Buylla Godino
147:Notable Civil War commanders
4601:Image at pueblos-espana.org
1372:, it had good supply lines.
1149:and the cordilleras of the
1094:Consejo Nacional de Defensa
1001:Non-intervention agreements
684:reforms of the armed forces
606:Cristino BermĂșdez de Castro
484:Following the attacks, the
7275:
5859:Armoured Vehicles Division
4874:Turnbull, Patrick (1977).
4564:La Catarata, Madrid 2008,
4188:Ana Isabel Alonso Ibåñez,
3759:
3742:
3731:
3659:
3627:
3540:
3474:
3390:
3265:
3204:
2863:
2742:
2406:
2088:
1589:
1470:Partido Nacionalista Vasco
1328:Non-Intervention Committee
1268:
1173:Battle of the Corunna Road
1073:
948:Spanish Civil War, 1938â39
945:
598:José Riquelme y López-Bago
303:Francisco Ciutat de Miguel
121:âą 1500 pieces of artillery
7239:Military history of Spain
7213:Eastern Region Army Group
7208:Central Region Army Group
7190:
5942:
5891:Eastern Region Army Group
5886:Central Region Army Group
5867:
5369:
5317:Eastern Region Army Group
5312:Central Region Army Group
5292:
5164:
5112:Eastern Region Army Group
5107:Central Region Army Group
5087:
5013:
4957:Alas Rojas Sobre Alcublas
4927:Spanish Civil War Website
4799:"Ejército del aire. 1936"
4772:"Ejército del aire. 1920"
3827:Alpert, Michael (2004) .
3765:
3762:
3685:
3673:
3666:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3620:
3573:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3533:
3526:
3515:
3504:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3271:
3268:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3215:
3208:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3116:
3105:
3096:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2953:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2653:"Spanish Republican Army"
2499:. In 1921, following the
2097:Eastern Region Army Group
2091:Eastern Region Army Group
2085:Eastern Region Army Group
1598:Central Region Army Group
1592:Central Region Army Group
1586:Central Region Army Group
1518:(Ejército de Extremadura)
796:The Civil War (1936â1939)
518:The "Moroccan Question" (
65:1931 â 1936 (First phase)
47:
34:
4740:"Aeroplano, n. 23, 2005"
4718:EjĂ©rcito del Aire â 1913
4660:RamĂłn Salas Larrazabal,
4420:las Quintas de la Guerra
3987:La lucha por la Victoria
3365:commander of a division
3266:General / flag officers
2743:General / flag officers
2587:Presidencia del Gobierno
2571:Eduardo SĂĄenz de Buruaga
2501:Spanish defeat at Annual
2487:, the air branch of the
1410:till the border between
1324:Brigadas internacionales
1135:Nazi concentration camps
1090:National Defence Council
989:Communist Party of Spain
912:JesĂșs MartĂnez de AragĂłn
835:Ejército Popular Regular
733:, staged a rebellion in
164:Toribio MartĂnez Cabrera
132:Insurrection in Asturias
4447:, Ohio State University
4284:Militarismo y Civilismo
4146:Salvador de Madariaga,
4077:Suero Roca, M. Teresa;
4061:Salas LarrazĂĄbal, RamĂłn
3815:Faustino VĂĄzquez Carril
3779:Abraham Lincoln Brigade
3584:Spanish Republican Army
3412:Spanish Republican Army
3347:commander of a brigade
3279:Unit commander insignia
2964:Spanish Republican Army
2764:Spanish Republican Army
2584:, instead of under the
2582:Ministerio de la Guerra
2552:Carlos de Haya GonzĂĄlez
2548:Cipriano RodrĂguez DĂaz
2532:Second Spanish Republic
2481:Shortly thereafter the
2446:LeĂłn Military Aerodrome
1608:). The GERC was led by
1527:(EjĂ©rcito de AndalucĂa)
1476:) and Cantabrian Army (
997:international isolation
831:Gobierno de la Victoria
715:Gonzalo Queipo de Llano
604:and Lieutenant colonel
406:between 1931 and 1939.
404:Second Spanish Republic
388:Spanish Republican Army
287:Augusto PĂ©rez Garmendia
203:Augusto PĂ©rez Garmendia
199:Leopoldo Menéndez López
172:Aureliano Ălvarez-Coque
55:Spanish Republican Flag
30:Spanish Republican Army
7195:International Brigades
5881:International Brigades
5307:International Brigades
5102:International Brigades
4639:Michael Alpert, p. 391
4457:Pierre Renouvin &
4201:Miguel Alonso Baquer,
4007:MartĂnez Bande, J.M.;
4000:MartĂnez Bande, J.M.;
3985:MartĂnez Bande, J.M.;
3977:Engel, Carlos (1999).
3959:Bahamonde Magro, Ăngel
3857:(1999) 6#3 pp 331â351.
3744:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3517:
3506:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2723:
2594:model was replaced by
2561:Under Capitan Warlela
2404:
2396:
2384:
2151:The following was the
2104:Juan HernĂĄndez Saravia
1574:
1539:(Ejército de Maniobra)
1503:
1355:
942:Development of the war
932:International Brigades
826:
672:
657:
523:
458:
395:
338:Antonio Yåñez-Barnuevo
291:Ildefonso Puigdendolas
227:Manuel Matallana GĂłmez
215:Antonio Escobar Huerta
211:Mariano Gamir Ulibarri
180:Juan HernĂĄndez Saravia
4307:The Spanish Civil War
4286:, Coleccion Tablero,
4282:Carlos Seco Serrano,
4133:Carlos Seco Serrano,
4109:The Spanish Civil War
4053:Rojo Lluch, Vicente;
4039:Rojo Lluch, Vicente;
3936:The Spanish Civil War
3374:commander of a corps
3356:commander of an army
3253:Comisario de compañĂa
3246:Comisario de batallĂłn
2719:
2536:Luis Lombarte Serrano
2444:near Seville and the
2403:Fin flash (1931â1936)
2402:
2390:
2374:
1943:Montes Universales â
1568:
1501:
1478:Ejército de Cantabria
1416:Guadalajara Provinces
1400:(Ejército de Levante)
1370:battles around Madrid
1366:(Ejército del Centro)
1341:
1330:in the fall of 1938.
1188:Battle of Guadalajara
1129:to fight against the
1042:) in the belief that
1010:The influence of the
995:, profiting from the
928:Miguel Gallo MartĂnez
884:Comisariado de Guerra
820:
663:
655:
600:, as well as Colonel
500:Salvador de Madariaga
496:freedom of expression
491:Ley de Jurisdicciones
452:
346:Antonio CordĂłn GarcĂa
319:Carlos Romero Giménez
283:Miguel Gallo MartĂnez
275:Miguel NĂșñez de Prado
267:Luis CastellĂł Pantoja
239:Juan RodrĂguez Lozano
207:SebastiĂĄn Pozas Perea
195:Enrique Jurado Barrio
4651:Antony Beevor, p.486
4331:The Battle for Spain
4026:Alerta a los pueblos
3695:Political commissars
3239:Comisario de brigada
3126:Political commissars
2638:improve this article
1474:Ejército de Asturias
1462:(Ejército del Norte)
1441:Catalan Nationalists
1439:, fought along with
1238:Siege of the AlcĂĄzar
1193:Battle of Guadarrama
1127:armies of the Allies
1064:Communist propaganda
1060:"quinta del biberĂłn"
888:political commissars
617:, he had to declare
532:Law of Jurisdictions
524:la cuestiĂłn marroquĂ
513:Law of Jurisdictions
279:Adolfo Prada Vaquero
263:Rogelio Caridad Pita
156:José Asensio Torrado
7198:(in Roman numerals)
4962:El Ejército Popular
4805:on 20 December 2014
4797:Ejército del Aire.
4778:on 15 December 2014
4770:Ejército del Aire.
4630:Carlos Engel, p.253
4614:Homage to Catalonia
4560:& Jorge Marco,
4159:Miguel de Unamuno,
4022:Rojo Lluch, Vicente
3232:Comisario inspector
2880:General de divisiĂłn
2603:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2575:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2540:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2521:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2476:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2457:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2419:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2393:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2381:AeronĂĄutica Militar
2366:AeronĂĄutica Militar
1429:Confederal Militias
1425:(Ejército del Este)
1228:Battle of the Segre
1118:concentration camps
1100:, commander of the
1032:Neville Chamberlain
920:Eutiquiano Arellano
713:. Officers such as
664:Grand Cross of the
552:1917 Spanish crisis
479:La Veu de Catalunya
409:It became known as
259:Juan Perea Capulino
255:José Cantero Ortega
4932:2012-02-03 at the
4723:2010-09-25 at the
4705:2013-06-11 at the
4687:2010-09-25 at the
4545:2013-05-28 at the
4516:2015-02-18 at the
4216:Historia de España
3924:Jackson, Gabriel.
3860:Alpert, Michael.
3794:Guardias de Asalto
3557:Soldado de primera
3225:Secretario general
2889:General de brigada
2724:
2567:aerial photography
2505:Desastre de Annual
2405:
2397:
2385:
2159:in December 1938:
2108:Catalonia Campaign
1753:Montes Universales
1575:
1571:Battle of the Ebro
1504:
1402:: Named after the
1379:(Ejército del Sur)
1356:
1258:Catalonia Campaign
1223:Battle of the Ebro
1213:Battle of Talavera
1203:Battle of Belchite
1086:Vicente Rojo Lluch
1056:Battle of the Ebro
886:by means of which
827:
673:
658:
594:Francisco Aguilera
566:made a successful
459:
331:ValentĂn GonzĂĄlez
299:Luis BarcelĂł Jover
152:Vicente Rojo Lluch
7226:
7225:
5898:
5897:
5854:
5853:
5819:
5818:
5754:
5753:
5689:
5688:
5624:
5623:
5559:
5558:
5494:
5493:
5429:
5428:
5325:
5324:
5120:
5119:
4570:978-84-8319-381-5
4443:Barbara Colberg,
4340:978-0-7538-2165-7
4292:978-84-85719-45-7
4240:Gabriel Cardona,
4017:978-84-287-0332-1
3971:978-84-95379-09-2
3920:978-0-521-45932-7
3878:978-84-323-0682-2
3870:978-1-107-02873-9
3770:
3769:
3745:Delegado polĂtico
3378:
3377:
3285:Spanish Civil War
3276:
3275:
3211:Comisario general
2871:General inspector
2714:
2713:
2706:
2688:
2556:Equatorial Guinea
2554:flew non-stop to
2534:in 1931, General
2497:Barcelona Airport
2484:AeronĂĄutica Naval
2442:Tablada Aerodrome
2438:Zaragoza Air Base
2436:near Madrid, the
2409:Spanish Air Force
2362:
2361:
2235:Noguera Pallaresa
2134:. Built upon the
2132:Ejército del Ebro
2122:Ejército del Este
2082:
2081:
1802:Extremaduran Army
1614:José Miaja Menant
1610:Defence of Madrid
1515:Extremaduran Army
1381:. Located in the
1233:Segovia Offensive
1218:Battle of Badajoz
1183:Battle of Brunete
1098:Segismundo Casado
926:and the sixth by
782:Spanish Civil War
560:Juntas de Defensa
548:Juntas de Defensa
505:Miguel de Unamuno
435:coup of July 1936
419:Spanish Civil War
381:
380:
348:
219:Segismundo Casado
176:José Miaja Menant
136:Spanish Civil War
16:(Redirected from
7266:
7249:Disbanded armies
5925:
5918:
5911:
5902:
5821:
5756:
5691:
5626:
5561:
5496:
5431:
5371:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5329:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5124:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4890:
4889:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4852:. Archived from
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4827:. Archived from
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4801:. Archived from
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4774:. Archived from
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4745:. Archived from
4744:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4715:
4709:
4697:
4691:
4679:
4673:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4640:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4617:
4609:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4578:
4572:
4555:
4549:
4537:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4489:. Archived from
4483:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4455:
4449:
4440:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4323:
4310:
4300:
4294:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4238:
4232:
4225:
4219:
4212:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4186:
4180:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4131:
4125:
4118:
4112:
4102:
3982:
3902:
3850:
3749:
3736:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3536:Sargento primero
3531:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3385:
3384:
3372:
3363:
3361:Teniente Coronel
3354:
3345:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3272:Junior officers
3269:Senior officers
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3073:Teniente coronel
3067:
3058:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2907:Teniente coronel
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2749:Junior officers
2746:Senior officers
2737:
2736:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2646:
2622:
2614:
2544:Francisco Franco
2358:General Reserve
2316:General Reserve
2272:
2242:XVIII Army Corps
2182:
2162:
2145:
1927:
1899:XXIII Army Corps
1864:
1804:
1637:
1619:
1561:JulyâAugust 1938
1466:Euzko Gudarostea
1391:Battle of MĂĄlaga
1342:Standard of the
1253:Aragon Offensive
1208:Battle of Teruel
1198:Battle of MĂ©rida
1178:Battle of Jarama
1139:Montes de Toledo
1028:Communist threat
1005:Indalecio Prieto
918:, the fourth by
916:JosĂ© MarĂa GalĂĄn
910:, the second by
739:military reforms
703:Great Depression
623:Estado de Guerra
586:Valeriano Weyler
509:Ramiro de Maeztu
486:Captain generals
377:
365:
315:JosĂ© Rico MartĂn
307:Leoncio Jaso Paz
243:JosĂ© MarĂa GalĂĄn
150:
52:
27:
21:
7274:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7186:
5938:
5929:
5899:
5894:
5863:
5850:
5815:
5750:
5685:
5620:
5555:
5490:
5425:
5365:
5356:
5326:
5321:
5288:
5160:
5151:
5121:
5116:
5083:
5009:
5000:
4940:Brigadas Mixtas
4934:Wayback Machine
4898:
4893:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4725:Wayback Machine
4716:
4712:
4707:Wayback Machine
4698:
4694:
4689:Wayback Machine
4680:
4676:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4620:
4611:George Orwell,
4610:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4579:
4575:
4558:Julio Arostegui
4556:
4552:
4547:Wayback Machine
4538:
4534:
4527:
4523:
4518:Wayback Machine
4509:
4505:
4496:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4469:
4456:
4452:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4426:
4417:
4413:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4325:
4324:
4313:
4301:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4268:
4261:
4255:Cambio de Rumbo
4252:
4248:
4239:
4235:
4229:Cambio de Rumbo
4226:
4222:
4214:Javier Tusell,
4213:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4183:
4171:
4167:
4158:
4154:
4145:
4141:
4132:
4128:
4119:
4115:
4103:
4099:
4095:
3976:
3945:
3899:
3883:
3839:
3826:
3823:
3775:
3751:
3746:
3727:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3616:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3568:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3444:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3383:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3281:
3257:
3222:
3158:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3118:
2996:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2948:
2796:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2735:
2710:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2623:
2612:
2550:and Lieutenant
2434:Getafe Air Base
2415:
2391:Roundel of the
2369:
2345:XXIV Army Corps
2266:
2260:General Reserve
2176:
2153:order of battle
2139:
2093:
2087:
2061:XXII Army Corps
1971:XVII Army Corps
1933:XIII Army Corps
1923:
1862:Andalusian Army
1860:
1835:VIII Army Corps
1800:
1633:
1594:
1588:
1563:
1532:Levantine Army:
1524:Andalusian Army
1496:
1336:
1285:brigadas mixtas
1277:
1267:
1262:
1168:Siege of Madrid
1163:
1143:Galician Massif
1106:JuliĂĄn Besteiro
1078:
1072:
950:
944:
922:, the fifth by
914:, the third by
869:Largo Caballero
815:
798:
790:Italian Fascist
770:Spanish Morocco
688:Minister of War
650:
556:First World War
528:wars in Morocco
447:
427:
384:
344:
340:
336:
329:
325:
323:Enrique Salcedo
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
247:Francisco GalĂĄn
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
122:
66:
57:
39:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7272:
7270:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7231:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7203:Fifth Regiment
7200:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5932:Mixed brigades
5930:
5928:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5876:Mixed Brigades
5873:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Mixed Brigades
5299:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
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5097:Mixed Brigades
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4896:External links
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4885:978-0850452822
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3949:Michael Alpert
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3855:War in History
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2596:RegiĂłn Militar
2461:Eduardo BarrĂłn
2432:in Spain: the
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2299:XII Army Corps
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2089:Main article:
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2036:XXI Army Corps
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2015:
2009:
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2005:
1996:
1994:XIX Army Corps
1990:
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1973:
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1952:XVI Army Corps
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1925:Levantine Army
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1810:VII Army Corps
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1751:Guadalajara â
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1705:III Army Corps
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1590:Main article:
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1397:Levantine Army
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1281:mixed brigades
1271:Fifth Regiment
1266:
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1248:Siege of GijĂłn
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1155:Spanish Maquis
1151:Iberian System
1074:Main article:
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1068:
1040:Czechoslovakia
1020:United Kingdom
943:
940:
924:Fernando Sabio
908:Enrique LĂster
904:Mixed Brigades
873:Fifth Regiment
845:), and by the
843:Frente Popular
814:
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774:General Franco
747:Basque Country
668:topped by the
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638:Cuatro Vientos
602:Segundo GarcĂa
554:caused by the
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342:Mariano Zapico
271:NicolĂĄs Molero
251:Miguel Campins
235:Manuel TagĂŒeña
231:Enrique LĂster
184:Juan Guilloto
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4856:on 2015-12-05
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4831:on 2007-09-21
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4393:
4388:
4386:84-321-2115-0
4382:
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4369:
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4327:Antony Beevor
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4208:
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4185:
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4178:
4174:
4173:Javier Tusell
4169:
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4149:
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4087:84-297-1706-4
4084:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:84-9734-465-0
4070:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4049:84-921455-3-6
4046:
4042:
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4035:
4034:84-344-2471-1
4031:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
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3999:
3996:
3995:84-7140-277-7
3992:
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3907:
3904:
3900:
3898:0-297-84832-1
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:Antony Beevor
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3838:1-4039-1171-1
3834:
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3825:
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3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Brigada mixta
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3741:
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3508:
3503:
3499:
3492:
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3457:
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3441:
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3414:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3278:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2909:
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2900:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2705:
2697:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655: â
2654:
2650:
2649:Find sources:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2627:This section
2625:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
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2549:
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2533:
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2518:
2514:
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2498:
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2426:
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2414:
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2401:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2364:
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2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:XV Army Corps
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2286:
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2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:XI Army Corps
2215:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:XX Army Corps
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:IX Army Corps
1868:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1854:Guadalmellato
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1816:
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1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:VI Army Corps
1758:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:IV Army Corps
1732:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:II Army Corps
1670:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1582:were formed:
1581:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1556:Eastern Army:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:General Staff
1540:
1537:
1536:Maneuver Army
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:Central Army:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1494:December 1937
1493:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:Northern Army
1457:
1454:
1453:George Orwell
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:belonging to
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:Southern Army
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1297:brigada mixta
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1275:Mixed brigade
1272:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:United States
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
970:
965:
964:
958:
954:
949:
941:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Brigada mixta
897:
892:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
858:
853:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Popular Front
836:
832:
824:
819:
812:
810:
807:
803:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:La Sanjurjada
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:José Sanjurjo
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
694:
692:
689:
685:
680:
678:
677:Admiral Aznar
671:
667:
662:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:Jaca Uprising
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:Domingo Batet
587:
583:
582:
581:La Sanjuanada
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
451:
444:
439:
436:
432:
431:
430:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
383:Military unit
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Julio Mangada
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:Etelvino Vega
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Cipriano Mera
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:Domingo Batet
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
64:
60:
56:
51:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
19:
7197:
5033:Extremaduran
4939:
4875:
4869:
4858:. Retrieved
4854:the original
4844:
4833:. Retrieved
4829:the original
4819:
4807:. Retrieved
4803:the original
4792:
4780:. Retrieved
4776:the original
4765:
4754:. Retrieved
4747:the original
4734:
4728:(in Spanish)
4713:
4695:
4677:
4661:
4656:
4635:
4612:
4607:
4596:
4581:
4576:
4561:
4553:
4535:
4524:
4506:
4495:. Retrieved
4491:the original
4481:
4470:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4438:
4427:
4419:
4414:
4401:
4395:
4375:
4368:
4355:
4349:
4330:
4306:
4298:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4215:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4177:Alfonso XIII
4176:
4168:
4160:
4155:
4147:
4142:
4134:
4129:
4121:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4078:
4064:
4054:
4040:
4025:
4008:
4001:
3986:
3978:
3962:
3952:
3935:
3932:Thomas, Hugh
3925:
3909:
3906:Helen Graham
3888:
3861:
3854:
3828:
3821:Bibliography
3763:Junior NCOs
3760:Senior NCOs
3750:
3686:
3679:
3583:
3574:
3567:
3411:
3402:
3394:Junior NCOs
3391:Senior NCOs
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3256:
3218:Subcomisario
3117:
2963:
2954:
2947:
2763:
2754:
2728:
2725:
2700:
2691:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2648:
2636:Please help
2631:verification
2628:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2560:
2539:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2504:
2489:Spanish Navy
2482:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:aerial bombs
2456:
2450:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2392:
2380:
2365:
2277:V Army Corps
2267:
2188:X Army Corps
2179:Eastern Army
2177:
2156:
2150:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2118:Eastern Army
2112:
2099:
2094:
1924:
1861:
1801:
1643:I Army Corps
1635:Central Army
1634:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1576:
1547:V Army Corps
1538:
1526:
1517:
1505:
1477:
1473:
1461:
1424:
1422:Eastern Army
1399:
1387:Extremaduran
1378:
1365:
1363:Central Army
1357:
1323:
1316:field armies
1301:
1296:
1295:. A regular
1284:
1278:
1114:firing squad
1110:
1102:Central Army
1093:
1079:
1059:
1053:
1044:Adolf Hitler
1009:
993:Soviet Union
991:allies. The
982:
967:
961:
959:
955:
951:
899:
895:
893:
883:
877:
864:
862:
855:
849:
847:trade unions
842:
834:
830:
828:
822:
799:
792:supporters.
777:
767:
765:, Portugal.
750:
728:
719:RamĂłn Franco
695:
691:Manuel Azaña
681:
674:
634:FermĂn GalĂĄn
627:
622:
579:
576:
572:Alfonso XIII
559:
547:
544:
540:anticlerical
517:
489:
483:
460:
455:Joan Junceda
428:
414:
410:
408:
400:Armed Forces
387:
385:
333:El Campesino
332:
327:Ricardo Sanz
185:
40:
35:
5824:70th â 79th
5759:60th â 69th
5694:50th â 59th
5629:40th â 49th
5564:30th â 39th
5499:20th â 29th
5434:10th â 19th
4809:25 December
4782:25 December
4459:René Rémond
4303:Hugh Thomas
4105:Hugh Thomas
3804:La Retirada
3757:Rank group
3747:de compañĂa
3700:(1936â1939)
3589:(1936â1939)
3523:(1931-1934)
3518:Subayudante
3512:(1931-1934)
3507:Subteniente
3417:(1931â1936)
3388:Rank group
3381:Other ranks
3306:(1936-1939)
3291:Examples:
3263:Rank group
3131:(1936â1939)
2969:(1936â1939)
2769:(1931â1936)
2740:Rank group
2503:, known as
2395:(1931â1936)
2339:Lower Ebro
2293:Lower Ebro
2140: [
1698:Carabanchel
1606:zona centro
1580:army groups
1131:Axis powers
985:Juan NegrĂn
804:of the pro-
786:Third Reich
670:mural crown
644:air bases.
619:Martial law
568:coup d'etat
536:Tragic Week
467:Philippines
453:Cartoon by
128:Engagements
43:(1936â1939)
38:(1931â1936)
7233:Categories
5072:Cantabrian
5028:Andalusian
4860:2012-04-25
4835:2015-01-04
4756:2015-01-04
4497:2012-04-28
4093:References
3370:Comandante
3082:Comandante
2916:Comandante
2694:March 2021
2664:newspapers
2546:. Captain
2407:See also:
2379:built for
2377:Loring R-3
2165:Army Corps
1945:AlbarracĂn
1940:& 65th
1794:Rear guard
1665:Somosierra
1661:Guadarrama
1622:Army Corps
1383:Andalusian
1350:Museum in
1320:combatants
1289:battalions
1269:See also:
946:See also:
854:(CNT) and
778:Sanjurjada
475:En Patufet
445:Background
142:Commanders
5374:1st â 9th
5359:Divisions
5052:Levantine
4672:, p. 1846
4333:. Orion.
4329:(2006) .
3847:155897766
3766:Enlisted
3397:Enlisted
2563:cadastral
2430:air bases
2269:Ebro Army
2168:Divisions
2128:Ebro Army
1780:â Jarama
1690:Las Rozas
1625:Divisions
1486:socialist
1482:anarchist
1308:divisions
1304:regiments
1293:companies
1049:Mussolini
1036:LĂ©on Blum
880:Communist
743:Catalonia
707:Air Force
610:Artillery
118:Equipment
5079:Manuever
5062:Asturian
5057:Northern
5023:Southern
4930:Archived
4721:Archived
4703:Archived
4685:Archived
4543:Archived
4514:Archived
3887:(2006).
3773:See also
3662:Sargento
3543:Sargento
3100:Teniente
2934:Teniente
2733:Officers
2721:Red star
2592:Escuadra
2423:aviation
2421:was the
2206:Balaguer
2171:Sectors
2078:Levante
2030:Levante
2007:Levante
1988:Levante
1965:Levante
1852:ZĂșjar â
1727:Aranjuez
1628:Sectors
1334:May 1937
1147:Pyrenees
1084:general
1082:Catholic
1022:and the
987:and its
936:Albacete
896:columnas
745:and the
615:Pamplona
473:, where
353:Insignia
6017:XIV Bis
5934:of the
5361:of the
5156:of the
5040:Eastern
5018:Central
5005:of the
4161:Ensayos
3943:Spanish
3676:Soldado
3655:Brigada
3564:Soldado
3529:Brigada
3352:Coronel
3343:General
3109:Alférez
3091:CapitĂĄn
3064:Coronel
3055:General
2943:Alférez
2925:CapitĂĄn
2898:Coronel
2678:scholar
2527:ended.
2525:Rif War
2493:El Prat
2469:Lohner
2467:from a
2459:led by
2453:Morocco
2333:&
2155:of the
2054:EspadĂĄn
1917:AlmerĂa
1913:Granada
1888:CĂłrdoba
1824:Algodor
1551:Modesto
1549:led by
1468:of the
1404:Levante
1352:Navarra
1346:at the
806:fascist
763:Estoril
759:Lerroux
735:Seville
632:led by
534:". The
520:Spanish
471:Cu-Cut!
425:History
402:of the
392:Spanish
186:Modesto
113:750,000
72:Country
5067:Basque
5003:Armies
4882:
4668:
4588:
4568:
4383:
4337:
4290:
4111:(1961)
4085:
4071:
4047:
4032:
4015:
3993:
3969:
3928:(1987)
3918:
3895:
3876:
3868:
3845:
3835:
3581:
3409:
2961:
2761:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2471:Flecha
2440:, the
2352:&
2310:&
2253:&
2228:&
2072:&
2047:&
2024:&
2020:&
2001:&
1982:&
1959:&
1906:&
1881:&
1846:&
1817:&
1771:&
1745:&
1723:Jarama
1716:&
1683:&
1654:&
1573:. 1938
1412:Teruel
1145:, the
1141:, the
1104:, and
1018:, the
1016:France
974:Aragon
698:reform
642:Getafe
82:Branch
62:Active
7182:246th
7177:245th
7172:244th
7167:243rd
7162:242nd
7157:241st
7152:240th
7147:239th
7142:238th
7137:237th
7132:236th
7127:235th
7122:234th
7117:233rd
7112:232nd
7107:231st
7102:230th
7097:229th
7092:228th
7087:227th
7082:226th
7077:225th
7072:224th
7067:223rd
7062:222nd
7057:221st
7052:220th
7047:219th
7042:218th
7037:217th
7032:216th
7027:215th
7022:214th
7017:213th
7012:212th
7007:211th
7002:210th
6997:209th
6992:208th
6987:207th
6982:206th
6977:205th
6972:204th
6967:203rd
6962:202nd
6957:201st
6952:200th
6947:199th
6942:198th
6937:197th
6932:196th
6927:195th
6922:194th
6917:193rd
6912:192nd
6907:191st
6902:190th
6897:189th
6892:188th
6887:187th
6882:186th
6877:185th
6872:184th
6867:183rd
6862:182nd
6857:181st
6852:180th
6847:179th
6842:177th
6837:177th
6832:176th
6827:175th
6822:174th
6817:173rd
6812:172nd
6807:171st
6802:170th
6797:169th
6792:168th
6787:167th
6782:166th
6777:165th
6772:164th
6767:163rd
6762:162nd
6757:161st
6752:160th
6747:159th
6742:158th
6737:157th
6732:156th
6727:155th
6722:154th
6717:153rd
6712:152nd
6707:151st
6697:150th
6692:149th
6687:148th
6682:147th
6677:146th
6672:145th
6667:144th
6662:143rd
6657:142nd
6652:141st
6647:140th
6642:139th
6637:138th
6632:137th
6627:136th
6622:135th
6617:134th
6612:133rd
6607:132nd
6602:131st
6597:130th
6592:CXXIX
6587:128th
6582:127th
6577:126th
6572:125th
6567:124th
6562:123rd
6557:122nd
6552:121st
6547:120th
6542:119th
6537:118th
6532:117th
6527:116th
6522:115th
6517:114th
6512:113th
6507:112th
6502:111th
6497:110th
6492:109th
6487:108th
6482:107th
6477:106th
6472:105th
6467:104th
6462:103rd
6457:102nd
6452:101st
6447:100th
5279:XXIII
5254:XVIII
5154:Corps
4750:(PDF)
4743:(PDF)
4406:(PDF)
4360:(PDF)
2685:JSTOR
2671:books
2610:Ranks
2513:Nador
2210:Segre
2144:]
1828:ZĂșjar
1694:Usera
1348:Tabar
1312:corps
1096:) by
755:Dueso
76:Spain
6442:99th
6437:98th
6432:97th
6427:96th
6422:95th
6417:94th
6412:93rd
6407:92nd
6402:91st
6397:90th
6392:89th
6387:88th
6382:87th
6377:86th
6372:85th
6367:84th
6362:83rd
6357:82nd
6352:81st
6347:80th
6342:79th
6337:78th
6332:77th
6327:76th
6322:75th
6317:74th
6312:73rd
6307:72nd
6302:71st
6297:70th
6292:69th
6287:68th
6282:67th
6277:66th
6272:65th
6267:64th
6262:63rd
6257:62nd
6252:61st
6247:60th
6242:59th
6237:58th
6232:57th
6227:56th
6222:55th
6217:54th
6212:53rd
6207:52nd
6202:51st
6197:50th
6192:49th
6187:48th
6182:47th
6177:46th
6172:45th
6167:44th
6162:43rd
6157:42nd
6152:41st
6147:40th
6142:39th
6137:38th
6132:37th
6127:36th
6122:35th
6117:34th
6112:33rd
6107:32nd
6102:31st
6097:30th
6092:29th
6087:28th
6082:27th
6077:26th
6072:25th
6067:24th
6062:23rd
6057:22nd
6052:21st
6047:20th
6042:19th
6037:18th
6032:17th
6027:16th
6007:XIII
5992:10th
5284:XXIV
5274:XXII
5249:XVII
5229:XIII
5204:VIII
5045:Ebro
4880:ISBN
4811:2014
4784:2014
4666:ISBN
4586:ISBN
4566:ISBN
4381:ISBN
4335:ISBN
4288:ISBN
4083:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4045:ISBN
4030:ISBN
4013:ISBN
3991:ISBN
3967:ISBN
3916:ISBN
3893:ISBN
3874:ISBN
3866:ISBN
3843:OCLC
3833:ISBN
3669:Cabo
3550:Cabo
2657:news
2601:The
2417:The
2411:and
2375:The
2354:62nd
2350:43rd
2335:42nd
2331:35th
2312:56th
2308:44th
2304:16th
2289:45th
2285:46th
2281:11th
2255:72nd
2251:60th
2247:27th
2230:55th
2226:32nd
2222:26th
2201:34th
2197:31st
2193:30th
2157:GERO
2095:The
2074:41st
2070:70th
2066:47th
2045:52nd
2041:68th
2022:53rd
2018:49th
2003:66th
1999:64th
1984:25th
1980:40th
1976:19th
1961:48th
1957:39th
1938:28th
1908:71st
1904:23rd
1892:Jaén
1883:54th
1879:21st
1875:20th
1848:51st
1844:63rd
1840:38th
1819:37th
1815:36th
1778:Tajo
1769:10th
1747:33rd
1743:17th
1739:12th
1718:18th
1714:15th
1685:65th
1656:69th
1596:The
1484:and
1449:POUM
1447:and
1435:and
1414:and
1408:Ebro
1385:and
1314:and
1273:and
1034:and
1012:USSR
978:POUM
802:coup
788:and
723:Jaca
717:and
711:Navy
640:and
596:and
546:the
507:and
477:and
465:and
463:Cuba
386:The
110:Size
102:Role
96:Army
92:Type
6012:XIV
6002:XII
5987:9th
5982:8th
5977:7th
5972:6th
5967:5th
5962:4th
5957:3rd
5952:2nd
5947:1st
5269:XXI
5259:XIX
5244:XVI
5234:XIV
5224:XII
5199:VII
5179:III
3221:and
2640:by
2509:Rif
2327:3rd
2049:6th
1773:8th
1765:5th
1710:9th
1681:7th
1677:4th
1652:2nd
1648:1st
1437:CNT
1433:FAI
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6702:CL
6022:XV
5997:XI
5846:77
5841:72
5836:71
5831:70
5811:69
5806:68
5801:67
5796:66
5791:65
5786:64
5781:63
5776:62
5771:61
5766:60
5746:59
5741:58
5736:57
5731:56
5726:55
5721:54
5716:53
5711:52
5706:51
5701:50
5681:49
5676:48
5671:47
5666:46
5661:45
5656:44
5651:43
5646:42
5641:41
5636:40
5616:39
5611:38
5606:37
5601:36
5596:35
5591:34
5586:33
5581:32
5576:31
5571:30
5551:29
5546:28
5541:27
5536:26
5531:25
5526:24
5521:23
5516:22
5511:21
5506:20
5486:19
5481:18
5476:17
5471:16
5466:15
5461:14
5456:13
5451:12
5446:11
5441:10
5264:XX
5239:XV
5219:XI
5209:IX
5194:VI
5184:IV
5174:II
4644:^
4621:^
4461:,
4314:^
4305:,
4262:^
4107:,
4063:;
4024:;
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