1386:. It played a major role in forming governing coalitions, in emphasizing compromise and the middle ground, and in protecting against a return to extremism and political violence. It played an even more central role in foreign policy, having charge of the Foreign Office for ten years and launching plans for the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, which grew into the European Union. Its voter base gradually dwindled in the 1950s and it had little power by 1954.
282:
1298:
2516:
2054:
2017:
1980:
1943:
1906:
1869:
1560:
Relations with De Gaulle deteriorated. In
January 1946, the president of the provisional government resigned in protest at the restoration of the "parties regime". The MRP ministers chose to stay in government. Nevertheless, the party called on voters to reject the proposed constitution in May 1946,
1623:, it lost half of its 1946 voters (12.6%). Furthermore, due to its propensity for integrating conservative politicians sometimes compromised by their association with Vichy, it was sardonically nicknamed the "Machine Ă Ramasser les PĂ©tainistes" ("Machine for collecting PĂ©tainists").
1565:(28.2%) and Bidault took charge of the cabinet. In October 1946, the MRP, together with the SFIO and the PCF, presented a new proposed constitution. It was approved despite De Gaulle's call for a "no" vote. One year later, a Gaullist party was founded under the name of
1634:
Its leaders, especially
Georges Bidault and Paul Coste-Floret (foreign and colonial ministers respectively in several French coalition governments) were primary architects of France's hard-line colonial policies that culminated in long insurgencies in
1553:, not dependent on Parliament, acting in the national interest while particular interests would be represented by the parties in Parliament. Wanting to achieve the complete integration of Catholicism in the Republic, the MRP supported the principle of
1511:(SFIO) was refounded and people from the Christian resistance movement founded the Popular Republican Movement. It claimed its loyalty to de Gaulle, who led the provisional government composed of Communists, Socialists and Christian democrats. At the
1626:
The MRP also dominated French foreign and colonial policies during most of the later 1940s and 1950s. Along with the French
Socialist Party, it was the most energetic supporter in the country of European integration. It was also a strong backer of
1438:, campaigned for spiritual values, democracy and social reforms. It represented the progressive wing of French Catholicism. Radical forces triumphed in 1905 and disestablished the Catholic Church and seized its properties. The very conservative
1643:(1954-1962), as well as a series of smaller insurrections and political crises elsewhere in the French Empire. The MRP eventually divided over the Algerian question in the late 1950s (with Bidault being an avid supporter of the
2496:
1408:, which questioned the superiority of the spiritual power over the temporal. For this reason, it supported all the conservative governments of the 19th century, notably MacMahon and his policy of "moral order".
1399:
In the late 19th century secular forces sought to radically reduce the power of the
Catholic Church in France, especially regarding schools. The Catholic bishops mistrusted the Republic and the ideas of the
1657:. It participated in the government of national unity behind De Gaulle, then broke with him in 1962 over his opposition to extending European economic integration into the realm of political integration.
2489:
2482:
1091:
207:
1522:
The MRP benefited from the absence of real right-wing challengers to rally the conservative electorate. Indeed, among the three largest parties, it was the only one that was not
1326:
1588:
that brought together centre-left and centre-right parties against the
Communists on the one hand and the Gaullists on the other hand. Two Christian Democrats led the cabinet:
1542:
remarked that the MRP was governing "in the centre with right-wing methods to attain left-wing ends" or that it was "pursuing left-wing policies with a right-wing electorate"
2802:
2767:
2474:
2540:
924:
2782:
2762:
2777:
2747:
1691:
1665:
When De Gaulle proposed a referendum on presidential election by universal suffrage, the MRP took part in the "coalition of the no". De Gaulle dissolved the
1612:
1081:
1508:
202:
1526:. Furthermore, it appeared the closest to de Gaulle. It supported the reforms decided by the provisional government and inspired by the programme of the
1056:
1428:
had denounced both capitalistic society and socialist ideology, and advocated the creation of
Catholic popular organisations. In 1894, students founded
2436:
BĂ©thouart, Bruno. "Entry of the
Catholics into the Republic: The Mouvement RĂ©publicain Populaire in France" in Michael Gehler and Wolfram Kaiser, eds.
2792:
1885:
1456:
1319:
125:
1600:, as Foreign Minister, plans for what would become the European Community. Indeed, European unification was an important part of the MRP platform.
47:
2787:
2582:
1463:(PDP) was founded, but it remained a small centre-right party. However, more liberal Christian Democratic ideas arose in intellectual circles.
2757:
2225:
2191:
2157:
1844:
1562:
1066:
929:
2680:
2637:
2612:
1312:
1025:
1455:
At the beginning of the 20th century, many organisations appeared: the
Christian Workers Youth, the Christian Agricultural Youth, and the
2797:
2752:
2642:
2600:
1699:
1359:
245:
934:
919:
1603:
It is the only major French party to defend the functioning of the colonial system, including forced labour, in the post-war period.
2528:
2417:
2315:
2282:
1677:
1460:
1076:
939:
117:
539:
2558:
2033:
1996:
1959:
1922:
1812:
1650:
In terms of voters, many on its left-wing joined the
Socialists and many on its right wing left for the Moderates or Gaullists.
1644:
1620:
1512:
914:
2772:
2077:
1051:
999:
217:
2552:
1527:
979:
734:
589:
446:
744:
604:
2576:
1653:
After the 13 May 1958 crisis, the party supported De Gaulle's return and called for approval of the constitution of the
265:
142:
614:
1256:
909:
904:
854:
669:
1561:
fearing the election of a pro-Communist regime. After that, the MRP became the largest party in parliament after the
794:
2570:
2564:
2546:
2183:
Europe, A Political
Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics
1779:
1686:
1566:
1071:
1061:
899:
505:
135:
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1764:
1096:
1004:
989:
954:
894:
809:
179:
2673:
1666:
1449:
1444:
1219:
1157:
984:
634:
493:
327:
297:
121:
1549:
Nevertheless, the MRP disagreed with the institutional and constitutional ideas of De Gaulle, who advocated a
1009:
2618:
2448:
2366:
Denis Pelletier (2005), Bruno Duriez; et al. (eds.), "1905–2005: Un siècle d'engagements catholiques",
1631:
and of close alliance with the United States, making it the most "Atlanticist" of French political parties.
1554:
389:
1681:
1577:
1516:
1452:
in the 1920s, but the parties on the left (Radical, Socialist and Communist) were strongly anticlerical.
1363:
1246:
1086:
994:
944:
819:
544:
483:
364:
2217:
Comparing Liberal Democracies: The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the European Union
2131:
Comparing Liberal Democracies: The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the European Union
1654:
1224:
729:
468:
426:
339:
302:
168:
1475:
574:
2103:
Startin, Nick (2005), "Maastricht, Amsterdam and beyond: The troubled evolution of the French right",
1442:
told the bishops to distance themselves from the state and condemned Le Sillon in his 1910 encyclical
2711:
2509:
1988:
1724:
1585:
1379:
1136:
1129:
859:
322:
194:
1694:(CNIP). The MRP itself disbanded in 1967, while some historical personalities of the party (such as
1297:
46:
2666:
1597:
1550:
1503:
In 1944, some prominent French politicians wanted to rally all the non-Communist Resistance behind
1405:
1356:
1302:
1251:
1241:
1207:
1202:
1197:
839:
453:
421:
332:
273:
250:
147:
2647:
2340:
1473:(mind or spirit) which denounced fascism and passivity of the Western democracies. In the paper
779:
478:
240:
158:
17:
2462:
Politics and belief in contemporary France: Emmanuel Mounier and Christian democracy, 1932–1950
2307:
2118:
de Boissieu, Laurent (1 March 2012). "Mouvement RĂ©publicain Populaire (MRP)". France Politique.
2594:
2413:
2311:
2278:
2255:
2221:
2215:
2187:
2181:
2153:
1611:
With the creation of the Gaullist RPF and the reconstruction of the conservative right in the
1504:
1492:
1469:
1422:
advised the French Catholics to rally to the Republic. The previous year, another encyclical,
1401:
1375:
1273:
1236:
1143:
1101:
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864:
754:
719:
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609:
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594:
579:
569:
441:
2658:
2407:
2272:
2145:
2701:
2299:
1836:
1712:
1695:
1464:
1268:
1229:
1164:
1150:
959:
804:
774:
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649:
629:
624:
584:
559:
488:
406:
354:
344:
312:
307:
57:
2716:
2706:
2632:
2352:
2025:
1951:
1914:
1877:
1730:
1718:
1589:
1539:
1484:
1383:
1367:
1344:
1290:
1214:
1046:
789:
694:
554:
436:
379:
349:
151:
77:
834:
2721:
2062:
1760:
1754:
1736:
1593:
1480:
1371:
1192:
1171:
964:
949:
829:
764:
759:
714:
674:
639:
549:
463:
394:
2741:
2726:
2300:
1742:
1673:
1581:
1535:
1435:
1424:
1261:
1122:
869:
849:
784:
724:
619:
517:
458:
411:
401:
374:
64:
2396:
Thomas Deltombe, Manuel Domergue, Jacob Tatsita, KAMERUN !, La DĂ©couverte, 2019
2333:
French Political Parties and Cleavages: Why is there no Christian Democratic Party?
1676:
took the leadership in order to renew the party's image. He was a candidate at the
974:
844:
824:
814:
769:
739:
659:
644:
500:
359:
317:
1619:, CNIP), the MRP faced challengers to represent the right-wing electorate. At the
1530:
written during the war: nationalisation of banks and industrial companies such as
281:
1439:
749:
709:
654:
564:
431:
416:
369:
189:
2588:
1412:
1019:
704:
473:
384:
1763:(1908–2004), MRP deputy from 1946 to 1958, later Judge and President of the
1488:
1430:
969:
799:
2467:
Woloch, Isser. "Left, right and centre: the MRP and the post-war moment."
2505:
2331:
Emmanuelle Vignaux (2003). Harald Baldersheim; Jean-Pascal Daloz (eds.).
1419:
164:
1640:
1636:
1531:
1523:
512:
2515:
1487:
shared similar theses. These circles participated actively in the
230:
1628:
2662:
2478:
2379:
2377:
1580:. It was allied with the Socialists and the Communists in the
1366:. Its base was the Catholic vote and its leaders included
2152:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 66.
1544:(une politique de gauche, avec un Ă©lectorat de droite)
2302:
Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union
1596:(November 1947-July 1948, August–September 1948) who
1680:and was third (15%) behind De Gaulle and Socialist
223:
213:
201:
185:
175:
157:
141:
131:
113:
98:
83:
73:
53:
32:
1669:and the MRP suffered a serious electoral defeat.
1592:(June–December 1946, October 1949-July 1950) and
2541:Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
1584:alliance until spring 1947. Then, it joined the
2464:(Springer Science & Business Media, 2012).
2674:
2490:
2368:Les Catholiques dans la République, 1905–2005
1320:
8:
1692:National Center of Independents and Peasants
1613:National Center of Independents and Peasants
2274:Politics and the Papacy in the Modern World
1617:Centre national des indépendants et paysans
1509:French Section of the Workers International
2681:
2667:
2659:
2497:
2483:
2475:
1327:
1313:
1057:Christian Democrat Organization of America
260:
45:
29:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1757:(1912–2007), MRP deputy from 1946 to 1951
1700:Union of Democrats for the Fifth Republic
1457:French Confederation of Christian Workers
2803:Pro-European political parties in France
2768:Political parties disestablished in 1967
2438:Christian Democracy in Europe since 1945
2150:Changing Party Systems in Western Europe
2105:French Relations with the European Union
1775:
2090:
1515:, the MRP was second (23.9%) after the
447:Friendly separation of church and state
272:
2783:Christian democratic parties in Europe
2583:Civic Alliance for Democracy in Europe
2348:
2338:
2306:. Cambridge University Press. p.
2763:Political parties established in 1944
1395:Origins of French Christian Democracy
1067:European Christian Political Movement
930:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
7:
2409:Europe since 1945: A Concise History
2778:Defunct Christian political parties
2748:Defunct political parties in France
2643:List of political parties in France
2601:Union of Democrats and Independents
2370:, Editions de l'Atelier, p. 33
925:Christian Democratic People's Party
2260:. Cambridge UP. pp. 240, 346.
1513:November 1945 legislative election
25:
2445:The MRP and French foreign policy
2385:The MRP and French foreign policy
2242:The MRP and French Foreign Policy
2146:"France: Living with Instability"
1576:The MRP became a mainstay of the
1077:Conservative Christian Fellowship
940:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
27:Defunct political party in France
18:People's Republican Movement
2793:1967 disestablishments in France
2514:
2080:founded in 1912 by Marc Sangnier
2053:
2052:
2016:
2015:
1979:
1978:
1942:
1941:
1905:
1904:
1868:
1867:
1690:by merging MRP members with the
1661:Faced with the Gaullist hegemony
1571:Rassemblement du peuple français
1499:Foundation and height of the MRP
1296:
915:Christian Democratic and Flemish
280:
218:Christian Democrat International
1349:Mouvement RĂ©publicain Populaire
1052:Centrist Democrat International
935:Christian Social People's Party
38:Mouvement RĂ©publicain Populaire
2553:Centre, Democracy and Progress
2440:(Routledge, 2004) pages=74–87.
1563:June 1946 legislative election
1528:National Council of Resistance
1:
2788:1944 establishments in France
2455:Christian Democracy in France
1495:during the Second World War.
2758:Right-wing parties in France
2277:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 71–72.
2148:. In David Broughton (ed.).
2129:Gunlicks, Arthur B. (2011),
2078:Ligue de la jeune RĂ©publique
1698:) joined the Gaullist party
102:September 13, 1967
2691:Popular Republican Movement
2535:Popular Republican Movement
2214:Arthur B. Gunlicks (2011).
1507:. This project failed. The
1341:Popular Republican Movement
1082:Centre for European Studies
1015:Popular Republican Movement
910:Christian Democratic Appeal
87:November 25, 1944
35:Popular Republican Movement
2819:
2798:Centrist parties in France
2753:Catholic political parties
2571:Union for French Democracy
2565:Centre of Social Democrats
2220:. iUniverse. p. 123.
1678:1965 presidential election
1567:Rally of the French People
1519:(PCF) but ahead the SFIO.
1434:(The Furrow). Its leader,
1416:Au Milieu Des Sollicitudes
1072:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
920:Christian Democratic Party
208:Christian Democratic Group
2697:
2638:List of political parties
2628:
2607:Democratic European Force
2524:
2412:. Macmillan. p. 87.
2383:Russell Beckett Capelle,
2186:. ABC-CLIO. p. 395.
1778:
1765:European Court of Justice
1621:1951 legislative election
1404:, as well as the idea of
1360:political party in France
1097:Center for Public Justice
955:Croatian Democratic Union
895:American Solidarity Party
236:
214:International affiliation
203:European Parliament group
44:
2529:Popular Democratic Party
2257:History of Modern France
2133:, iUniverse, p. 123
1534:, and the creation of a
1461:Popular Democratic Party
1445:Notre charge apostolique
1220:Christian libertarianism
1158:Sollicitudo rei socialis
494:Environmental protection
298:Catholic social teaching
126:Popular Republican Union
122:Lorrain Republican Union
118:Popular Democratic Party
2619:Territories of Progress
2559:Social Democratic Party
2406:J. Robert Wegs (1996).
2298:Wolfram Kaiser (2007).
2271:Frank J. Coppa (2008).
2107:, Routledge, p. 64
1555:parliamentary democracy
1062:European People's Party
900:Austrian People's Party
159:Political position
2773:French Fourth Republic
2254:Alfred Cobban (1963).
1684:. Then he created the
1551:strong executive power
1517:French Communist Party
1348:
1087:European Ideas Network
365:Economic progressivism
2144:David Hanley (1999).
1225:Christian nationalism
1010:Polish People's Party
980:National Action Party
469:Social market economy
427:Person Dignity Theory
340:Consistent life ethic
303:Christian corporatism
2712:Pierre-Henri Teitgen
2510:Christian democratic
2471:21.1 (2007): 85-106.
2443:Capelle, Russell B.
2240:Russell B. Capelle,
1989:Pierre-Henri Teitgen
1725:Pierre-Henri Teitgen
1380:Pierre-Henri Teitgen
1357:Christian-democratic
1137:Graves de communi re
1130:Populorum progressio
186:National affiliation
2577:Democratic Movement
2460:Rauch, R. William.
2180:Hans Slomp (2011).
1682:François Mitterrand
1557:against De Gaulle.
1467:founded the review
1448:. Better relations
1406:popular sovereignty
1303:Christianity portal
1242:Religious democracy
1208:Christian socialism
1203:Christian communism
1198:Christian anarchism
905:Christian Democracy
454:Religious pluralism
422:Option for the poor
274:Christian democracy
148:Christian democracy
2648:Politics of France
2512:parties in France
1801:overall seats won
1092:Schuman Foundation
479:Sphere sovereignty
241:Politics of France
2735:
2734:
2656:
2655:
2595:Centrist Alliance
2547:Democratic Centre
2227:978-1-4620-5724-5
2193:978-0-313-39181-1
2159:978-1-85567-328-1
2069:
2068:
1780:National Assembly
1772:French Parliament
1687:Democratic Centre
1667:National Assembly
1607:A gradual decline
1505:Charles De Gaulle
1402:French Revolution
1376:Paul Coste-Floret
1337:
1336:
1274:Ethical socialism
1237:Liberal democracy
1144:Quadragesimo anno
1102:Paneuropean Union
990:Nationalist Party
442:Religious liberty
259:
258:
246:Political parties
136:Democratic Centre
16:(Redirected from
2810:
2702:Maurice Schumann
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2010:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1837:Maurice Schumann
1826:
1776:
1713:Maurice Schumann
1696:Maurice Schumann
1639:(1946-1954) and
1465:Emmanuel Mounier
1411:In 1892, in his
1329:
1322:
1315:
1300:
1293:
1269:Social democracy
1230:Theoconservatism
1165:Centesimus annus
1151:Laborem exercens
960:Democratic Rally
540:Arizmendiarrieta
489:Environmentalism
407:Multiculturalism
355:Dignity of labor
345:Cultural mandate
313:Communitarianism
308:Christian ethics
284:
261:
229:
171:
132:Merged into
109:
107:
94:
92:
69:
62:
58:Maurice Schumann
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30:
21:
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2717:Pierre Pflimlin
2707:Georges Bidault
2693:
2689:Leaders of the
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2652:
2633:Portal:Politics
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2453:Irving, R.E.M.
2433:
2431:Further reading
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2026:Pierre Pflimlin
2021:
2011:
2008:
2001:1,365,064 (#6)
1991:
1984:
1974:
1971:
1964:2,366,321 (#6)
1954:
1952:Georges Bidault
1947:
1937:
1934:
1927:2,369,778 (#5)
1917:
1915:Georges Bidault
1910:
1900:
1897:
1890:4,988,609 (#2)
1880:
1878:Georges Bidault
1873:
1863:
1860:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1817:4,780,338 (#2)
1800:
1795:
1790:
1774:
1751:
1731:Pierre Pflimlin
1719:Georges Bidault
1708:
1663:
1609:
1590:Georges Bidault
1578:Fourth Republic
1540:Georges Bidault
1501:
1485:Georges Bidault
1459:. In 1924, the
1397:
1392:
1384:Pierre Pflimlin
1368:Georges Bidault
1364:Fourth Republic
1333:
1291:Politics portal
1289:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1215:Christian right
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1047:Catholic Action
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1000:Patriotic Union
889:
881:
880:
879:
689:
681:
680:
679:
534:
526:
525:
524:
437:Public morality
380:Just war theory
350:Culture of life
292:
255:
227:
193:
180:Catholic Church
163:
152:Pro-Europeanism
150:
124:
120:
105:
103:
90:
88:
78:Georges Bidault
67:
63:
60:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2469:French History
2465:
2458:
2451:
2441:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2398:
2389:
2373:
2358:
2323:
2316:
2290:
2283:
2263:
2246:
2244:(1963) pp 3-4.
2233:
2226:
2206:
2192:
2172:
2158:
2136:
2121:
2110:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1791:overall votes
1787:
1786:Election year
1783:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1761:Robert Lecourt
1758:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1662:
1659:
1655:Fifth Republic
1608:
1605:
1594:Robert Schuman
1500:
1497:
1481:Francisque Gay
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1372:Robert Schuman
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1193:Christian left
1189:
1188:
1186:Related topics
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:People's Party
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:National Party
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Civic Platform
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
523:
522:
521:
520:
510:
509:
508:
506:in Catholicism
498:
497:
496:
491:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Social justice
461:
456:
451:
450:
449:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
398:
397:
392:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
277:
276:
270:
269:
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
243:
237:
234:
233:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
161:
155:
154:
145:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:Merger of
111:
110:
100:
96:
95:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
34:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2815:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2728:
2727:Jean Lecanuet
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2419:9781349140527
2415:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2317:9780521883108
2313:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2284:9780313080487
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2038:821,635 (#6)
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1796:overall vote
1793:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:Jean Lecanuet
1740:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:Jean Lecanuet
1670:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Three-parties
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:welfare state
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1450:were restored
1447:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1436:Marc Sangnier
1433:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:Rerum novarum
1421:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:Rerum novarum
1120:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:Organizations
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
995:New Democracy
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
885:
884:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:von der Leyen
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
685:
684:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Nell-Breuning
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
530:
529:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Social Gospel
457:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:Neo-Calvinism
410:
408:
405:
403:
402:Mixed economy
400:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:Human dignity
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
288:
287:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
200:
196:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
101:
97:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
66:
65:Jean Lecanuet
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
31:
19:
2690:
2534:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2444:
2437:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2384:
2367:
2361:
2332:
2326:
2301:
2293:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2216:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2182:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2149:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2113:
2104:
1850:
1849:5,589,213 (#
1685:
1671:
1664:
1652:
1649:
1633:
1625:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1575:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1543:
1521:
1502:
1491:underground
1479:(The Dawn),
1474:
1468:
1454:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1352:
1340:
1338:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1024:
1014:
975:Kataeb Party
945:Centre Party
600:John Paul II
533:Philosophers
501:Subsidiarity
390:Conservative
360:Distributism
318:Conservatism
169:centre-right
2722:André Colin
2621:(2020–2022)
2613:Renaissance
2573:(1978–2007)
2543:(1945–1964)
2349:|work=
2063:André Colin
1755:Abbé Pierre
1741:1963–1965:
1737:André Colin
1735:1959–1963:
1729:1956–1959:
1723:1952–1956:
1717:1949–1952:
1711:1944–1949:
1586:Third Force
1440:Pope Pius X
1362:during the
1172:Laudato si'
965:Fianna Fáil
795:Mikołajczyk
688:Politicians
484:Stewardship
417:Neo-Thomism
370:Familialism
328:Progressive
195:Third Force
190:Tripartisme
2742:Categories
2589:New Centre
2335:. Ashgate.
2085:References
1886:1946 (Nov)
1845:1946 (Jun)
1706:Presidents
1493:Resistance
1413:encyclical
1020:VMRO-DPMNE
875:Windthorst
780:Mazowiecki
720:De Gasperi
570:Dooyeweerd
560:Chesterton
474:Solidarity
432:Popularism
385:Liberalism
291:Principles
106:1967-09-13
91:1944-11-25
2591:(2007–13)
2585:(2007–09)
2567:(1976–95)
2561:(1973–95)
2555:(1969–76)
2549:(1966–76)
2537:(1944–67)
2531:(1924–40)
2351:ignored (
2341:cite book
2199:19 August
2165:21 August
1898:173 / 627
1861:166 / 586
1825:141 / 522
1672:In 1963,
1598:presented
1573:or RPF).
1489:anti-Nazi
1431:Le Sillon
1115:Documents
970:Fine Gael
855:Vogelsang
850:Tindemans
820:Pöttering
700:Andreotti
670:Vogelsang
615:Lamennais
251:Elections
197:(1947–58)
192:(1944–47)
99:Dissolved
54:President
2506:Centrist
2072:See also
2046:36 / 465
2009:57 / 466
1972:83 / 595
1935:95 / 625
1420:Leo XIII
1355:) was a
1247:Buddhist
810:Pastrana
755:Korfanty
745:Ketteler
695:Adenauer
675:Williams
665:Tischner
625:Maritain
620:Leo XIII
610:Korfanty
605:Ketteler
595:Habsburg
575:Gebhardt
555:Berggrav
266:a series
264:Part of
176:Religion
143:Ideology
2615:(2016–)
2609:(2012–)
2603:(2012–)
2597:(2009–)
2579:(2007–)
2457:(2010).
2447:(1963).
2387:(1963).
1807:Leader
1749:Members
1641:Algeria
1637:Vietnam
1532:Renault
1524:Marxist
1418:, Pope
1390:History
1252:Islamic
888:Parties
840:Strauss
830:Schuman
815:Pethrus
805:Quadros
790:Metsola
775:Martens
715:Caldera
645:Pius XI
630:Mounier
513:Welfare
323:Liberal
224:Colours
104: (
89: (
84:Founded
74:Founder
61:(first)
2449:online
2416:
2314:
2281:
2224:
2190:
2156:
1967:10.88
1930:12.60
1893:25.96
1856:28.22
1476:L'Aube
1470:Esprit
1345:French
1301:
1262:Mormon
1257:Jewish
865:Wałęsa
845:Sturzo
785:Merkel
765:Kuyper
740:Joseph
725:Erhard
660:Sturzo
585:Görres
580:Gilson
550:Belloc
545:Baader
333:Social
228:
165:Centre
68:(last)
2041:5.45
1820:24.9
870:Weber
835:Söder
825:Prodi
770:Letta
735:Groen
710:Buzek
655:Stein
650:Röpke
640:Pesch
590:Groen
518:State
231:White
2508:and
2414:ISBN
2353:help
2312:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2201:2012
2188:ISBN
2167:2012
2154:ISBN
2034:1962
2004:7.5
1997:1958
1960:1956
1923:1951
1813:1945
1804:+/–
1799:# of
1794:% of
1789:# of
1629:NATO
1483:and
1382:and
1339:The
1026:More
800:Moro
760:Kurz
750:Kohl
730:Frei
705:Beel
395:Ordo
2308:175
1647:).
1645:OAS
1353:MRP
565:Day
167:to
2744::
2376:^
2345::
2343:}}
2339:{{
2310:.
2093:^
2057:21
2020:26
1983:12
1946:78
1872:25
1853:)
1702:.
1546:.
1538:.
1378:,
1374:,
1370:,
1351:,
1347::
268:on
2682:e
2675:t
2668:v
2498:e
2491:t
2484:v
2422:.
2355:)
2320:.
2287:.
2230:.
2203:.
2169:.
1909:7
1851:1
1831:–
1767:.
1615:(
1569:(
1343:(
1328:e
1321:t
1314:v
108:)
93:)
20:)
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