1386:
169:
284:"fully dedicated to creating a democratic Swaziland", that "the countries wealth shall be enjoyed by all citizens and shall be shared equally", that "the land shall be given to all those who work it", that there shall be "free, compulsory, universal and equal for all children" and that "human rights shall be observed and respected".
343:
The Bhunya home of Alex LaNgwenya, a leader of PUDEMO's youth wing, the
Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYOCO), was destroyed in a bombing attack in 2010. "The Suppression of Terrorism Act of 2008 was enacted soon after the incident, and PUDEMO and SWAYOCO were banned as terrorist organizations. Several
332:
On 21 September 2008, Musa
Dlamini and Jack Govender were killed while allegedly trying to bomb the Lozitha Bridge in an attempt to assassinate the King. Although PUDEMO had "called for a more militant approach to achieving democracy ... denied any part in the bombing. However, at Musa Dlamini's
434:
Solidarity organizations include the
Swaziland Solidarity Network, based in South Africa, which has stated its "unwavering commitment to total liberation of the people of Swaziland from the unjust and undemocratic system and the autocracy of the royal family that continues to plunder the national
318:
In March 2006, PUDEMO members, including
Bonginkosi Dlamini, the PUDEMO secretary-general, were charged with petrol bomb attacks. In April 2007, "Six PUDEMO members charged with sedition following protests on the anniversary of King Sobhuza II's royal decree banning political parties."
333:
funeral, PUDEMO President Mario Masuku was alleged to have verbally supported recent bombings of government institutions. Mario Masuku spent 340 days in prison before he was acquitted and discharged at the High Court on 21 September 2009.
351:"That makes it a criminal offense to belong to a political party," said Phakathi. "It makes it recently a terrorist act to belong to my organization, PUDEMO, which the government decided was a terrorist organization."
253:, the ruler of Eswatini, has repressed PUDEMO by jailing its leaders and banning under the party by claiming its a terrorist organization. The Swazi government has been monitoring PUDEMO closely since it launched the
1541:
1004:
257:("Don't Let the Sun Set") campaign, which aims for a "total liberation" of Eswatini, and has recently cracked down heavily on even small manifestations of support for PUDEMO, such as the
1371:
347:
PUDEMO's Deputy-President
Sikhumbuzo Phakathi said the 2010 Swaziland Democracy Campaign "was launched in South Africa because in Swaziland all political activity is banned," adding:
390:
was arrested for wearing a party t-shirt, and released on bail. Makhanya was wearing the t-shirt to protest the incarceration of journalist Bheki
Makhubu and human rights lawyer
369:
held a political debate with PUDEMO over
Twitter, while her father, King Mswati III, continued his refusal to negotiate with PUDEMO on the grounds that they were terrorists.
431:
began a partnership with PUDEMO in March 2013 which "aims to increase the capacity of PUDEMO to be a more visible and credible political force within and outside
Swaziland."
398:, Maseko is alleged to have said: "MJ Dlamini and Jack Govender died for the liberation of this country. One day the Lozitha bridge will be called MJ and Govender bridge."
329:
The Umbane People's
Liberation Army, described as "a secret militant group" linked to PUDEMO, claimed responsibility for a series of small bomb blasts in Eswatini in 2008.
1521:
114:
1485:
1364:
669:
308:
Pro-democracy protests took place in
Eswatini in 2002, with "40% of Eswatini population believed to be on verge of starvation following poor harvests."
1526:
1349:
326:
was killed by criminals, according to the Swazi government. However, opposition supporters believe that he was assassinated by government operatives.
296:
system, and the King's 1992 commission on electoral reform. King Mswati III responded by suspending the legislature, and began to rule by decree.
1511:
1411:
1357:
417:
The Umbane People's Liberation Army has been described as "a secret militant group linked to the People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO)".
1380:
235:
202:
1059:
1546:
1416:
1330:
1531:
1222:
615:
428:
1426:
1324:
1401:
1551:
1143:
843:
472:
1536:
553:
362:
was sentenced to "85 years in prison for high treason and terrorism" for his part in the 2008 bombing at Lozitha bridge.
1467:
1406:
87:
1516:
1462:
1447:
315:
only non-partisans were elected. In March 2005, the Eswatini High Court ruled that "political parties can not exist."
1457:
1115:
1452:
1033:
676:
741:
1267:"People's United Democratic Movement - Swaziland: the Facebook revolution that wasn't ... for now, at least"
421:
373:
118:
1431:
274:
243:
955:
299:
The Swaziland Youth Congress claimed responsibility for a 6 February 1995 fire in the House of Assembly.
312:
207:
1171:
1266:
1239:
928:
876:
355:
From 2010 to 2011, attempts to add the history of PUDEMO to Eswatini's high school curriculum failed.
1490:
767:
239:
197:
92:
435:
economy and abuse cultural and political institutions", and the Swaziland Solidarity Network Canada.
305:
In 2000, PUDEMO President Mario Masuku was arrested for "insulting the king, sedition and treason."
818:
528:
395:
585:
982:
366:
344:
members of PUDEMO and SWAYOCO were alleged to have carried out a bombing campaign and detained."
104:
99:
1291:
501:
340:, a PUDEMO member, was arrested for wearing a PUDEMO t-shirt, and later died in police custody.
590:
561:
387:
1197:
1012:
323:
258:
1480:
380:
147:
619:
451:
402:
391:
227:
702:
1505:
359:
288:
PUDEMO called for democratic reforms in 1988, 1990, and 1991. PUDEMO rejected King
902:
742:"Swaziland Timeline #2 -- Timeline of Swaziland from Independence to Present Day"
476:
1089:
978:
644:
337:
289:
262:
250:
77:
1331:"Swaziland: "Unban Political Parties Now!" says PUDEMO in its latest leaflet"
565:
293:
379:
In 2014, PUDEMO President Mario Masuku and Swaziland Youth Congress leader
376:
as a consultative member at the SI's spring congress on 4–5 February 2013.
793:
1385:
1005:"Swaziland's Opposition Leader Expected in Court Over Terrorism Charges"
358:
In 2012, the Umbane People's Liberation Army participant Amos Mbedzi of
168:
405:, a human rights lawyer and member of the party was assassinated.
302:
PUDEMO held a campaign of strikes and civil disobedience in 1996.
273:
The People's United Democratic Movement was formed in 1983 at the
155:
143:
670:"ACTSA on various civil society organisations, including PUDEMO"
1353:
414:
The Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYOCO) is PUDEMO's youth wing.
151:
265:, who was arrested for wearing a PUDEMO t-shirt in May 2010.
1542:
Consultative member parties of the Socialist International
1223:
Eswatini: murder of pro-democracy activist prompts outrage
1317:
844:"SWAZILAND: Senior PUDEMO official arrested for treason"
703:"Swaziland: uprising in the slip-stream of North Africa"
182:
1060:"Swaziland Democracy Campaign Launched in South Africa"
1240:"The Danish Red-Green Alliance and Swaziland's PUDEMO"
502:"Factsheet on The People's United Democratic Movement"
1138:
1136:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
1440:
1394:
1083:
1081:
554:"The Father, the Son and the Fight Over Their King"
175:
161:
127:
110:
98:
86:
76:
61:
51:
43:
35:
23:
871:
869:
867:
865:
448:Thulani Maseko, human rights activist and lawyer
496:
494:
349:
282:
1116:"New syllabus geared to brainwash Swazi child"
552:Eligon, John; Silva, Joao (17 February 2024).
383:were arrested during Labour Day celebrations.
1365:
1198:"MISA condemns arrest of human rights lawyer"
794:"SWAZILAND: Strikes, protests shake monarchy"
639:
637:
8:
1172:"Swaziland: Africa′s last absolute monarchy"
1034:"SWAZILAND: Faceless bombers sow insecurity"
1292:"swazilandsolidaritynetworkcanada - PUDEMO"
877:"SA man gets 85 for bid to kill Swazi king"
616:"Killed in Swaziland for wearing a t-shirt"
610:
608:
420:PUDEMO became a consultative member of the
1372:
1358:
1350:
1244:Danish Institute for Parties and Democracy
473:"Participants | Progressive Alliance"
445:Mario Masuku, founder and former President
20:
1325:Statement by PUDEMO from NEC meeting 2010
1202:IFEX - Media Institute of Southern Africa
322:In April 2008, PUDEMO's deputy President
464:
386:In April 2014 PUDEMO General Secretary
1412:Economic Freedom Fighters of Swaziland
977:Nxumalo, Manqoba (22 September 2009).
527:Human Rights Watch (12 January 2017),
280:Its 1985 manifesto stated that it was
1522:Political parties established in 1983
1088:Mduduzi Magagula (29 November 2009).
956:"Mario Masuku Acquitted in Swaziland"
7:
579:
577:
575:
1422:People's United Democratic Movement
1417:Ngwane National Liberatory Congress
1003:Clottey, Peter (24 November 2008).
246:, it is led by Mlungisi Makhanya.
220:People's United Democratic Movement
26:People's United Democratic Movement
954:Hager, Sarah (23 September 2009).
14:
929:"SWAZILAND: Bomb blast kills two"
903:"Swaziland: Bomb Blast Kills Two"
292:'s 1991 commission to review the
1527:1983 establishments in Swaziland
1427:Sive Siyinqaba National Movement
1384:
1335:World Federation of Trade Unions
792:Limb, Peter (22 November 2000).
701:Kenworthy, Petr (29 June 2011).
584:Nxumalo, Donny (24 April 2008).
167:
1402:African United Democratic Party
1090:"PUDEMO in new school syllabus"
1151:www.socialistinternational.org
1:
1512:Political parties in Eswatini
1381:Political parties in Eswatini
1114:Sibisi, Vusi (3 March 2010).
372:PUDEMO was admitted into the
242:party. Formed in 1983 at the
232:Insika Yenkhululeko Yemaswati
29:Insika Yenkhululeko Yemaswati
1468:United Swaziland Association
1458:Swaziland Independence Front
1407:Communist Party of Swaziland
234:) is the largest opposition
1547:Socialist parties in Africa
1463:Swaziland Progressive Party
1448:Imbokodvo National Movement
958:. Amnesty International USA
586:"Who killed Pudemo leader?"
529:"Swaziland: Events of 2016"
16:Political party in Eswatini
1568:
1144:"Decisions of the Council"
1486:List of political parties
1476:
1453:Swaziland Communist Party
979:"Mario Masuku a free man"
429:Danish Red-Green Alliance
249:The absolute monarchy of
193:
180:
166:
111:International affiliation
1532:Banned socialist parties
82:Swaziland Youth Congress
28:
772:Encyclopædia Britannica
533:Share this via Facebook
422:Socialist International
374:Socialist International
365:Also in 2012, Princess
119:Socialist International
100:Political position
1432:Swazi Democratic Party
1271:The Caledonian Mercury
740:Boddy-Evans, Alstair.
353:
286:
275:University of Eswatini
244:University of Eswatini
231:
1552:Socialism in Eswatini
506:Think Security Africa
313:elections in Eswatini
65:7 July 1983
1537:Progressive Alliance
1491:Politics of Eswatini
907:IRIN - allAfrica.com
645:"Times Of Swaziland"
240:democratic socialist
198:Politics of Eswatini
115:Progressive Alliance
93:Democratic socialism
1265:Macdonell, Andrew.
935:. 22 September 2008
909:. 22 September 2008
883:. 18 September 2012
768:"Swaziland in 1995"
622:on 3 September 2011
401:On 23 January 2023
255:Ulibambe Lingashoni
1517:Clandestine groups
1337:. 12 February 2012
1094:Times Of Swaziland
1066:. 21 February 2010
983:Times of Swaziland
558:The New York Times
367:Sikhanyiso Dlamini
1499:
1498:
1229:, 23 January 2023
798:Green Left Weekly
591:Mail and Guardian
424:in February 2013.
388:Mlungisi Makhanya
261:of PUDEMO member
236:party in Eswatini
216:
215:
203:Political parties
53:Secretary-General
47:Mlungisi Makhanya
1559:
1389:
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1318:Official website
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850:. 6 January 2006
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675:. Archived from
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618:. Archived from
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475:. Archived from
469:
324:Gabriel Mkhumane
259:death in custody
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72:
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1481:Portal:Politics
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695:
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682:on 3 March 2016
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649:www.times.co.sz
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479:on 2 March 2015
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394:. According to
381:Maxwell Dlamini
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1310:External links
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1215:
1204:. 10 June 2009
1189:
1178:. 14 July 2014
1176:Deutsche Welle
1163:
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1120:Swaziland News
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1051:
1040:. 14 June 2010
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707:Pambazuka News
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452:Wonder Mkhonza
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440:Notable people
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403:Thulani Maseko
392:Thulani Maseko
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508:. August 2012
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1227:The Guardian
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