1687:
44:
3293:
1697:
1670:
3479:(CCP), and the CCP's supreme position is enshrined in the state constitution, meaning that the elections have little way of influencing politics. The CCP, through its control of the nomination process, ensures that around 70% of deputies to the people's congresses are party members. The top positions in the system are granted to senior CCP leaders, including the position of the
3467:
usually have 40 to 130 deputies, county people's congresses from 120 to 450, prefectural people's congresses from 240 to 650, provincial people's congresses from 350 to 1,000, and the NPC at around 3,000. The total number of people's congresses throughout China at different levels is over 40,000, and the total number of deputies is in the hundreds of thousands.
3889:
The party sits above any legal code and even China's constitution, its powers unchecked by any court. Indeed, Mr Xi denounces judicial independence and the separation of powers as dangerous foreign ideas. Instead, to hear legal scholars explain it, Mr Xi is offering rule by law: ie, professional
3466:
Direct elections occur at the two most local levels, while the members at the higher levels are indirectly elected, i.e., elected by those elected in the lower levels. The size of the people's congresses increase with their administrative rank. With some exceptions, township people's congresses
223:
3890:
governance by officials following standardised procedures. At home, the party hopes that this sort of authoritarian rule will enjoy more legitimacy than a previously prevailing alternative: arbitrary decision-making by (often corrupt) officials.
3082:
1648:
3488:
2065:
1096:
1764:
2094:
2081:
1602:
965:
1628:
1589:
402:
3480:
1615:
1086:
982:
196:
961:
2071:
205:
1658:
1633:
3389:
exists in the PRC. All state organs are elected by, answerable to and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP.
1576:
178:
2989:
480:
1638:
724:
1686:
3092:
2771:
2408:
1152:
904:
3422:
The People's
Congress System was set out in the Electoral Law of 1953 and has been subsequently revised. Currently, there are five levels of people's congresses. From more to less local, they are:
1445:
971:
214:
135:
1550:
1409:
1211:
3484:
1909:
1162:
929:
776:
720:
296:
2805:
2381:
1279:
4097:
1780:
437:
3498:. CCP principles and slogans are codified into the state's legal code to increase the legitimacy of party rule. The role of the CCP in lawmaking increased under CCP General Secretary
3411:
3097:
1201:
1147:
1070:
936:
250:
1122:
1110:
314:
309:
304:
3221:
2156:
2060:
1854:
1265:
1018:
682:
672:
187:
2675:
815:
385:
121:
57:
3138:
2926:
2431:
1441:
749:
3502:'s tenure. Through a variety of documents circulated within the CCP, the party directs China's lawmaking organs such as the NPC Standing Committee in the lawmaking process.
1678:
3025:
2146:
1790:
1716:
1250:
1028:
3495:
3399:
2136:
1521:
955:
860:
451:
291:
276:
3986:
3124:
1458:
760:
689:
678:
668:
1785:
3990:
3142:
3102:
2446:
1653:
737:
430:
157:
4045:
2857:
2239:
1643:
1181:
3877:
2207:
1402:
891:
713:
103:
3128:
2477:
1368:
951:
3456:
3330:
1414:
1023:
659:
546:
410:
1373:
1137:
733:
126:
1886:
1773:
2350:
2151:
1844:
1795:
995:
82:
3511:
2894:
2874:
2171:
1722:
1142:
709:
380:
281:
1074:
3170:
2718:
2472:
1167:
550:
4092:
3198:
3134:
1397:
1356:
565:
559:
531:
338:
4021:
3943:
3918:
3838:
2617:
2566:
1862:
693:
538:
169:
3964:
3542:
3077:
3057:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2879:
2358:
1759:
1747:
1741:
1172:
2341:
2336:
1696:
3162:
2980:
2975:
2261:
2255:
1436:
1392:
743:
327:
3226:
2950:
2850:
2688:
2632:
2296:
2290:
2107:
1157:
1057:
639:
3246:
3231:
4062:
3264:
3203:
1946:
1941:
1934:
609:
64:
1903:
43:
1669:
2456:
2278:
2192:
1997:
3494:
The CCP has a central role in lawmaking, which has fluctuated over time. The CCP effectively sits above any legal code and the
3323:
3107:
2492:
1823:
3592:
4087:
2759:
2283:
1963:
1595:
1534:
1132:
1114:
460:
3587:
3406:
and local people's congresses are the bodies through which the people exercise state power. The NPC is officially China's
3403:
3382:
1985:
1383:
1053:
140:
3407:
3303:
3193:
3030:
2864:
2754:
2733:
2598:
2585:
2118:
2019:
1990:
1953:
507:
353:
348:
69:
3858:
3452:
3185:
2845:
2319:
2313:
1958:
1563:
497:
475:
3241:
3211:
1673:
3538:"Personal Networks and Grassroots Election Participation in China: Findings from the Chinese General Social Survey"
3316:
3279:
2943:
2840:
2329:
2306:
2271:
1919:
1896:
591:
76:
3669:
2504:
2451:
1880:
1378:
502:
392:
88:
3152:
3045:
2784:
2713:
2701:
2487:
2228:
1127:
596:
368:
2212:
1690:
2007:
3910:
3476:
3366:
3115:
2742:
2578:
2141:
2113:
2024:
1227:
1080:
524:
2029:
3784:
Tanner, Murray Scot (March 1995). "How a Bill
Becomes a Law in China: Stages and Processes in Lawmaking".
3274:
3236:
3040:
2825:
2818:
2764:
2561:
1968:
1929:
1890:
922:
260:
3665:
3441:
2913:
2749:
1275:
343:
333:
245:
240:
576:
4082:
3386:
3156:
3148:
3067:
3020:
2984:
2968:
2706:
2499:
2161:
2053:
2002:
1543:
1493:
917:
586:
446:
3786:
3692:
3216:
3016:
2919:
2884:
2793:
2728:
2556:
2374:
1839:
1569:
1255:
634:
465:
112:
4039:
3811:
3725:
3717:
3448:
3370:
3035:
2869:
2525:
2511:
2012:
1980:
1197:
1065:
1001:
975:
646:
624:
616:
425:
255:
3960:
4058:
4027:
4017:
3980:
3939:
3914:
3902:
3869:
3834:
3803:
3766:
3709:
3690:
Tanner, Murray Scot (1994). "The
Erosion of Communist Party Control over Lawmaking in China".
3561:
3434:
3430:
3180:
2830:
2800:
2593:
2531:
2482:
2197:
1700:
34:
17:
3795:
3756:
3701:
3551:
3348:
3120:
2737:
1729:
1321:
1261:
603:
418:
147:
3175:
2779:
1707:
94:
3050:
2639:
2603:
2573:
2517:
2166:
1621:
1539:
1507:
988:
492:
4076:
3864:
3815:
3729:
3378:
2681:
2265:
2098:
1527:
1330:
1303:
1289:
629:
373:
235:
3491:
positions. Additionally, elections are not pluralistic as no opposition is allowed.
3582:
3297:
3269:
2608:
2538:
2247:
1468:
1360:
1337:
1310:
1102:
765:
4009:
2906:
2788:
2694:
2547:
2462:
2124:
2087:
2075:
1582:
1037:
852:
838:
363:
209:
161:
3556:
3537:
4031:
3799:
3705:
3499:
2956:
2900:
2400:
2300:
2187:
1829:
1801:
1608:
1475:
1451:
1344:
1205:
867:
822:
783:
769:
753:
700:
218:
182:
173:
151:
107:
98:
3873:
3807:
3770:
3713:
3565:
3429:
people's congresses of cities that are not sub-divided, municipal districts,
2835:
2660:
2438:
2423:
2396:
1913:
1296:
1231:
1090:
942:
883:
796:
571:
200:
3761:
3744:
3426:
people's congresses in villages, minority nationality townships, and towns;
2962:
1751:
1733:
1556:
1500:
1269:
875:
832:
792:
191:
116:
4055:
Making
Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China
3745:"The National People's Congress Oversight Power and the Role of the CCP"
1765:
2323:
983:
Commission for
Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
3721:
3657:
3356:
2624:
2415:
2388:
1217:
910:
897:
844:
807:
800:
581:
3829:
Otto, Jan; Chen, Jianfu; Li, Yuwen; Polak, Maurice V. (2000-09-14).
3374:
3062:
2665:
4014:
Socialism with
Chinese characteristics: a Guide for Foreigners
2409:
Central
Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1410:
State-owned Assets
Supervision & Administration Commission
3440:
people's congresses in sub-districts of larger cities and in
3907:
The Third
Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
2382:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
1855:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
2676:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
224:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
27:
Form of government of the People's Republic of China
2927:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
3857:
1163:Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
4098:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
3475:Nominations at all levels are controlled by the
3103:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
3496:constitution of the People's Republic of China
3381:, in which all state powers are vested in the
2330:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
328:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
3324:
2447:National Press and Publication Administration
1148:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
8:
3985:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3831:Law-Making in the People's Republic of China
3026:International Development Cooperation Agency
2478:National Radio and Television Administration
1644:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1374:National Development & Reform Commission
952:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
816:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
3859:"Rule by law, with Chinese characteristics"
1251:State Council (Central People's Government)
861:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
4044:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3989:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3331:
3317:
339:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
29:
3760:
3555:
3536:Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023).
3083:International Military Cooperation Office
2351:Office for Safeguarding National Security
996:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
354:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
3377:(PRC), and is based on the principle of
2895:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
2875:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1723:National Defense Mobilization Commission
930:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
3749:The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies
3528:
3402:, all power belongs to the people, and
3171:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2240:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
1920:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
1876:
1819:
1432:
1246:
1192:
664:
555:
344:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
32:
4037:
3978:
3595:from the original on 24 September 2023
3483:, who has always been a member of the
3199:China and the World Trade Organization
3135:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2272:Public Security Organs People's Police
566:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3967:from the original on 19 December 2017
3852:
3850:
3641:
3512:Law of the People's Republic of China
2618:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
2567:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2307:State Security Organs People's Police
1863:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
1796:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
1629:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
7:
3652:
3650:
3620:
3577:
3575:
3543:Journal of Chinese Political Science
3058:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
2880:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
3936:Chinese Law: A Language Perspective
3471:Role of the Chinese Communist Party
3163:National Immigration Administration
2208:Federation of Industry and Commerce
1845:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
1603:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
404:General Principles of the Civil Law
3457:direct-administered municipalities
2951:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2633:Cyberspace Administration of China
640:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
25:
3204:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2061:Political Consultative Conference
1649:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
1634:Science and Technology Commission
1590:Training and Administration Dept.
1437:Central Military Commission (CMC)
610:Scientific Outlook on Development
334:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
3291:
2457:State Council Information Office
2279:State Immigration Administration
1695:
1685:
1668:
1616:Discipline Inspection Commission
1138:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
349:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
42:
3880:from the original on 2023-07-17
3672:from the original on 2022-08-16
3462:the National People's Congress.
3108:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2493:China Global Television Network
2473:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2337:Bureau of Prison Administration
1897:People's Courts Judicial Police
1824:National Supervisory Commission
905:Office of the General Secretary
4057:. Cambridge University Press.
3743:Chien-Min, Chao (2003-03-10).
3365:) under the leadership of the
3361:
3227:China–European Union relations
2719:Special administrative regions
1904:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1143:Financial and Economic Affairs
1:
3247:China–United States relations
3232:China–Latin America relations
3093:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
2689:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2432:Central Propaganda Department
2284:Local public security bureaus
1659:Offices Administration Agency
1168:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
18:People's congress system
3485:Politburo Standing Committee
3408:highest organ of state power
3194:China and the United Nations
3098:CCP International Department
3078:Ministry of National Defense
3005:Diplomatic missions of China
2865:Taiwan independence movement
2586:Publishing industry in China
2119:United Front Work Department
1964:Regular Disciplined Services
1954:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
1760:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
1742:Ministry of National Defense
777:National Security Commission
617:Harmonious Socialist Society
508:Death sentence with reprieve
482:Administrative Procedure Law
3934:Cao, Deborah (2017-03-02).
3345:system of people's congress
3186:Community of Common Destiny
2976:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2846:Republic of China on Taiwan
2256:Ministry of Public Security
1577:Equipment Development Dept.
744:Central Military Commission
4114:
4093:National People's Congress
3959:刘松山, 2017-05-24, 法学月刊杂志社.
3588:National People's Congress
3557:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3
3414:being its permanent body.
3404:National People's Congress
3383:National People's Congress
3375:People's Republic of China
3362:Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì Zhìdù
2841:Political status of Taiwan
2291:Ministry of State Security
1991:Public Prosecutions Office
1791:Military reform since 2015
1403:Deputy Secretaries-General
1173:Social Development Affairs
1054:National People's Congress
592:Primary stage of socialism
560:Admission Oath (Article 6)
127:Current provincial leaders
3800:10.1017/S0305741000032902
3706:10.1017/S0305741000035803
3352:
3222:China–Caribbean relations
2806:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2505:China Radio International
2452:China Film Administration
1639:Strategic Planning Office
1369:Cabinet-level departments
461:Intellectual property law
3833:. Springer Netherlands.
3265:Administrative divisions
3046:Belt and Road Initiative
2743:Hong Kong SAR Government
2714:One country, two systems
2702:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2488:China Central Television
1998:Secretariat for Security
1674:People's Liberation Army
1415:most Central Enterprises
1158:Overseas Chinese Affairs
597:Four Cardinal Principles
3911:Oxford University Press
3477:Chinese Communist Party
3447:people's congresses in
3367:Chinese Communist Party
3237:China–Pacific relations
3116:Chinese nationality law
2008:Unitary Police Services
1665:National armed forces:
1081:Council of Chairpersons
937:Organization Department
669:National Party Congress
374:Socialist law tradition
251:Organization Department
3961:"党领导立法工作需要研究解决的几个重要问题"
3762:10.22439/cjas.v17i0.11
3489:NPCSC vice chairperson
3442:autonomous prefectures
3242:China–Russia relations
3212:China–Africa relations
3041:China Development Bank
3017:Foreign aid from China
2858:"Taiwan Province", PRC
2826:Cross-Strait relations
2819:Cross-Strait relations
2772:Mainland & HK CEPA
2213:People's organizations
2020:Public Security Police
1969:Hong Kong Police Force
1930:Judiciary of Hong Kong
1881:Supreme People's Court
1786:Military modernization
1564:Logistic Support Dept.
297:Previous constitutions
170:Communist Party leader
65:Leadership generations
4088:Constitution of China
3666:Heidelberg University
2914:Taiwan Affairs Office
2765:Independence movement
2750:Politics of Hong Kong
1986:Court of Final Appeal
1947:Prosecutions Division
1942:Department of Justice
1935:Court of Final Appeal
1691:People's Armed Police
1384:National Audit Office
1015:Provincial committee
246:Collective leadership
241:Democratic centralism
122:Current state leaders
77:Hu–Wen Administration
4053:Truex, Rory (2016).
3387:separation of powers
3217:China–Arab relations
3149:Visa policy of China
3068:New Development Bank
3031:Ministry of Commerce
2794:Macau SAR Government
2707:Macau Liaison Office
2500:China National Radio
2183:Historical parties:
2003:Macau Security Force
1551:Political Work Dept.
1189:State representative
1133:Constitution and Law
918:Central Guard Bureau
587:Deng Xiaoping Theory
364:Chinese legal system
179:State representative
141:Orders of precedence
104:20th Party Politburo
83:Xi–Li Administration
3787:The China Quarterly
3693:The China Quarterly
3668:. 4 February 2021.
3435:autonomous counties
2995:Diplomatic missions
2967:Secretary-General:
2885:Chinese unification
2729:Hong Kong Basic Law
2599:Internet censorship
2557:Censorship in China
2314:Ministry of Justice
1840:Corruption in China
1212:Presidential Office
851:Secretary-General:
734:Central Secretariat
635:Four Comprehensives
439:Labour Contract Law
369:Civil law tradition
206:Conference Chairman
95:4th Leadership Core
70:Succession of power
3903:Economy, Elizabeth
3644:, p. 158–175.
3453:autonomous regions
3412:Standing Committee
3371:form of government
3036:Exim Bank of China
2870:Anti-Secession Law
2760:Pro-democracy camp
2526:China News Service
2512:Xinhua News Agency
2066:National Committee
1981:Judiciary of Macau
1910:Procurator-General
1123:Special Committees
1071:Standing Committee
1029:Deputy secretaries
1019:Standing committee
962:Standing Committee
923:Central Guard Unit
721:Standing Committee
625:Xi Jinping Thought
582:Mao Zedong Thought
498:Capital punishment
476:Administrative law
215:Commander-in-chief
188:Head of government
113:14th State Council
4023:978-981-16-1622-8
3945:978-1-351-95197-5
3920:978-0-19-086607-5
3868:. July 13, 2023.
3840:978-90-411-1433-4
3398:According to the
3341:
3340:
3280:Ethnic minorities
3181:Beijing Consensus
3121:Chinese passports
2961:Deputy Director:
2944:Foreign relations
2831:Chinese Civil War
2801:Politics of Macau
2594:Internet in China
2483:China Media Group
2422:Deputy Director:
2359:Urban Management
2108:Political parties
2095:Secretary-General
2082:Vice-Chairpersons
1816:Supervisory organ
1701:China Coast Guard
1535:Joint Staff Dept.
1446:supreme commander
1398:Secretary-General
1357:Secretary-General
1111:Secretary-General
1097:Vice-Chairpersons
874:Deputy Director:
829:Deputy Directors:
710:Central Politburo
690:General Secretary
679:Central Committee
539:Principal leaders
197:Congress Chairman
89:Xi Administration
85:(2012–2017)
79:(2002–2012)
35:Politics of China
16:(Redirected from
4105:
4068:
4049:
4043:
4035:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3861:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3700:(138): 381–403.
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3654:
3645:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3583:"About Congress"
3579:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3533:
3400:PRC constitution
3363:
3354:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3298:China portal
3296:
3295:
3294:
2755:Pro-Beijing camp
2738:John Lee Ka-chiu
2395:Deputy Leaders:
2345:
2033:
2025:Judiciary Police
2016:
1774:Military history
1699:
1689:
1679:Theater commands
1672:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1478:
1471:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1322:State Councilors
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1256:Li Qiang Cabinet
1117:
847:
841:
835:
697:
604:Three Represents
577:Marxism–Leninism
503:Capital offences
393:List of statutes
148:Paramount leader
136:National leaders
46:
30:
21:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4052:
4036:
4024:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3883:
3881:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3627:
3619:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3508:
3473:
3420:
3396:
3337:
3308:
3304:Other countries
3292:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3275:Family planning
3260:
3252:
3251:
3208:
3190:
3176:Panda diplomacy
3167:
3112:
3089:
3074:
3013:
3001:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2905:Deputy Leader:
2891:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2785:Chief Executive
2780:Macao Basic Law
2776:
2734:Chief Executive
2725:
2671:
2670:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2627:
2590:
2553:
2441:
2426:
2418:
2403:
2391:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2339:
2326:
2303:
2268:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2229:Law enforcement
2218:
2217:
2202:
2176:
2078:
2056:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2027:
2010:
1977:
1959:Security Bureau
1926:
1916:
1893:
1875:
1874:
1873:Judicial organs
1869:
1859:
1851:
1836:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1781:Armed conflicts
1754:
1736:
1725:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1363:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1245:
1244:
1243:Executive organ
1239:
1234:
1208:
1191:
1190:
1153:Foreign Affairs
1109:
1093:
1061:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1012:
886:
878:
870:
855:
843:
837:
831:
830:
825:
810:
791:
786:
764:
756:
728:
688:
663:
662:
655:
619:
612:
568:
554:
553:
527:
525:Communist Party
517:
516:
489:
472:
399:
387:Legislation Law
360:
330:
319:
287:
286:
266:
265:
230:Related systems
164:
60:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4111:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4050:
4022:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3951:
3944:
3926:
3919:
3894:
3846:
3839:
3821:
3776:
3735:
3682:
3662:Decoding China
3646:
3625:
3623:, p. 193.
3606:
3571:
3550:(1): 159–184.
3527:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3481:NPCSC chairman
3472:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3445:
3438:
3427:
3419:
3416:
3395:
3392:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:Related topics
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3146:
3132:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:Silk Road Fund
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2838:
2833:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:Zhuang Rongwen
2637:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:Great Firewall
2589:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:Internal media
2574:Media of China
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2532:People's Daily
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:Reference News
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2429:
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2427:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2070:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2022:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:Zhang Shengmin
1613:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1522:General Office
1516:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1508:Zhang Shengmin
1504:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1429:Military organ
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1393:General Office
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1273:
1260:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:Vice President
1226:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Ethnic Affairs
1120:
1119:
1118:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1094:
1085:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
993:
992:
991:
989:Zhang Shengmin
980:
979:
978:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
934:
933:
932:
927:
926:
925:
915:
914:
913:
901:
900:
892:General Office
889:
888:
887:
882:Office Chief:
881:
879:
873:
871:
865:
858:
857:
856:
850:
848:
828:
826:
820:
813:
812:
811:
806:Office Chief:
805:
803:
790:Vice-Chairman:
789:
787:
781:
774:
773:
772:
759:
757:
748:
741:
731:
730:
729:
719:
706:
705:
704:
703:
658:
657:
656:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
622:
621:
620:
615:
608:
606:
601:
600:
599:
594:
584:
579:
574:
564:
562:
545:
544:
543:
542:
541:
535:
534:
528:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
513:
512:
511:
510:
505:
488:
487:
486:
485:
471:
470:
469:
468:
458:
457:
456:
444:
443:
442:
435:
423:
416:
408:
398:
397:
396:
395:
390:
378:
377:
376:
371:
359:
358:
357:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
318:
317:
312:
307:
301:
288:
285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
221:
212:
203:
194:
185:
176:
167:
166:
165:
156:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
110:
101:
86:
80:
73:
72:
67:
61:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4066:
4064:9781107172432
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:. Singapore.
4015:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3938:. Routledge.
3937:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3865:The Economist
3860:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3683:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3379:unified power
3376:
3372:
3369:(CCP) is the
3368:
3364:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Spokespersons
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:Ding Xuexiang
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Radio jamming
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2292:
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2266:Wang Xiaohong
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1528:Zhong Shaojun
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1518:Departments:
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1331:Wang Xiaohong
1328:
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1308:
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1304:Zhang Guoqing
1301:
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1290:Ding Xuexiang
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630:Chinese Dream
628:
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259:
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91:(since 2017)
90:
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59:
54:
53:
50:
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36:
31:
19:
4054:
4013:
4010:Boer, Roland
3969:. Retrieved
3954:
3935:
3929:
3906:
3897:
3888:
3882:. Retrieved
3863:
3830:
3824:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3674:. Retrieved
3661:
3597:. Retrieved
3586:
3547:
3541:
3531:
3493:
3474:
3465:
3421:
3397:
3360:
3344:
3342:
3270:Hukou system
2609:Great Cannon
2546:
2539:Global Times
2537:
2530:
2516:
2461:
2360:
2248:Chen Wenqing
2114:CCP (ruling)
2086:Top-ranked:
2054:United front
1654:Audit Office
1469:Zhang Youxia
1379:Central bank
1361:Wu Zhenglong
1338:Wu Zhenglong
1311:Liu Guozhong
1103:Li Hongzhong
1101:Top-ranked:
766:Zhang Youxia
660:Organization
547:Constitution
493:Criminal law
481:
453:Property Law
452:
447:Property law
438:
431:
420:Marriage Law
419:
411:
403:
386:
292:Constitution
277:Constitution
4083:Chinese law
4002:Works cited
3658:"Democracy"
3410:, with the
2907:Wang Huning
2851:Taiwan Area
2789:Ho Iat-seng
2695:Xia Baolong
2548:China Today
2463:China Daily
2361:(chengguan)
2340: [
2246:Secretary:
2125:Shi Taifeng
2088:Shi Taifeng
2076:Wang Huning
2028: [
2011: [
1620:Secretary:
1583:Xu Xueqiang
1038:Party group
987:Secretary:
853:Wang Huning
839:Wang Huning
415:(From 2021)
210:Wang Huning
162:Peng Liyuan
4077:Categories
4032:1249470522
3884:2023-07-22
3676:2022-08-22
3642:Truex 2016
3599:3 November
3518:References
3500:Xi Jinping
3487:, and the
3385:(NPC). No
2957:Xi Jinping
2955:Director:
2918:Director:
2901:Xi Jinping
2693:Director:
2638:Director:
2623:Director:
2414:Director:
2401:Shen Yiqin
2375:Propaganda
2301:Chen Yixin
1830:Liu Jinguo
1828:Director:
1802:Xi Jinping
1609:Liu Faqing
1607:Director:
1594:Director:
1581:Director:
1568:Director:
1555:Director:
1544:Liu Zhenli
1526:Director:
1494:Liu Zhenli
1476:He Weidong
1452:Xi Jinping
1345:Shen Yiqin
1206:Xi Jinping
896:Director:
868:Xi Jinping
866:Director:
823:Xi Jinping
821:Director:
784:Xi Jinping
782:Chairman:
770:He Weidong
754:Xi Jinping
701:Xi Jinping
466:Patent law
432:Labour Law
426:Labour law
412:Civil Code
219:Xi Jinping
183:Xi Jinping
174:Xi Jinping
158:First lady
152:Xi Jinping
108:Xi Jinping
99:Xi Jinping
58:Leadership
4040:cite book
3874:0013-0613
3816:154503140
3808:0305-7410
3794:: 39–64.
3771:1395-4199
3730:154784276
3714:0305-7410
3621:Boer 2021
3566:1080-6954
3523:Citations
3449:provinces
3153:Hong Kong
3139:Hong Kong
3125:Hong Kong
2836:One China
2661:Hong Kong
2439:Li Shulei
2424:Li Shulei
2397:Li Shulei
1914:Ying Yong
1891:Zhang Jun
1887:President
1596:Wang Peng
1570:Zhang Lin
1486:Members:
1297:He Lifeng
1232:Han Zheng
1198:President
1182:Presidium
1091:Zhao Leji
1066:Elections
1024:Secretary
972:Secretary
943:Li Ganjie
884:He Lifeng
797:Zhao Leji
647:Democracy
572:Communism
407:(to 2020)
256:Elections
201:Zhao Leji
4012:(2021).
3981:cite web
3965:Archived
3905:(2018).
3878:Archived
3755:: 6–30.
3670:Archived
3593:Archived
3506:See also
3431:counties
3353:人民代表大会制度
3021:to China
3009:in China
2981:Minister
2963:Li Qiang
2920:Song Tao
2899:Leader:
2680:Leader:
2387:Leader:
2320:Minister
2297:Minister
2262:Minister
2072:Chairman
1800:Leader:
1752:Dong Jun
1748:Minister
1734:Li Qiang
1730:Chairman
1557:Miao Hua
1501:Miao Hua
1442:Chairman
1270:Li Qiang
1087:Chairman
1000:Leader:
876:Li Qiang
833:Li Qiang
793:Li Qiang
750:Chairman
551:ideology
192:Li Qiang
117:Li Qiang
3373:of the
3349:Chinese
2985:Wang Yi
2969:Wang Yi
2324:He Rong
1708:Militia
1264: (
1262:Premier
1216:Chief:
909:Chief:
532:History
4061:
4030:
4020:
3971:31 May
3942:
3917:
3872:
3837:
3814:
3806:
3769:
3728:
3722:654949
3720:
3712:
3564:
3455:, and
3433:, and
3418:Levels
3394:System
3359::
3357:pinyin
3351::
2625:Cai Qi
2437:Head:
2416:Cai Qi
2389:Cai Qi
2123:Head:
1218:Cai Qi
1115:Liu Qi
941:Head:
911:Cai Qi
898:Cai Qi
845:Cai Qi
808:Cai Qi
801:Cai Qi
549:&
3812:S2CID
3726:S2CID
3718:JSTOR
3459:; and
3157:Macau
3143:Macau
3129:Macau
3063:BRICS
2666:Macau
2344:]
2157:CPWDP
2147:CNDCA
2032:]
2015:]
1540:Chief
1002:Li Xi
976:Li Xi
4059:ISBN
4046:link
4028:OCLC
4018:ISBN
3991:link
3987:link
3973:2017
3940:ISBN
3915:ISBN
3870:ISSN
3835:ISBN
3804:ISSN
3767:ISSN
3710:ISSN
3601:2023
3562:ISSN
3343:The
2193:CDSP
2172:TDSL
2162:CZGP
2152:CAPD
2137:RCCK
1280:list
1266:list
1202:list
1075:14th
1058:14th
966:20th
956:20th
738:20th
725:20th
714:20th
694:list
683:20th
673:20th
381:Laws
315:1978
310:1975
305:1954
3796:doi
3792:141
3757:doi
3702:doi
3698:138
3552:doi
2198:YCP
2188:KMT
2142:CDL
1448:):
1268:):
1204:):
282:Law
4079::
4042:}}
4038:{{
4026:.
3983:}}
3979:{{
3963:.
3913:.
3909:.
3887:.
3876:.
3862:.
3849:^
3810:.
3802:.
3790:.
3765:.
3753:17
3751:.
3747:.
3724:.
3716:.
3708:.
3696:.
3664:.
3660:.
3649:^
3628:^
3609:^
3591:.
3585:.
3574:^
3560:.
3548:29
3546:.
3540:.
3451:,
3355:;
3155:;
3141:,
3127:;
3019:/
3007:/
2983::
2787::
2736::
2399:,
2342:zh
2322::
2299::
2264::
2167:JS
2110::
2097::
2074::
2030:zh
2013:zh
1912::
1889::
1750::
1732::
1542::
1461::
1359::
1282:)
1230::
1113::
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974::
968:)
958:)
842:,
836:,
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752::
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208::
199::
190::
181::
172::
160::
150::
115::
106::
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4067:.
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4034:.
3993:)
3975:.
3948:.
3923:.
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3798::
3773:.
3759::
3732:.
3704::
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3603:.
3568:.
3554::
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692:(
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671:(
20:)
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