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1434:. The Odyssey was designed with front-hinged doors and as derived from the Honda Accord. It came with advantages such as sedan-like driving dynamics and a lower floor to allow for easy access. In a design feature that would become widely adopted by other manufacturers, the Odyssey introduced a rear seat that folded flat into the floor (replacing a removable rear seat). The Odyssey evolved into a low-roof, estate-like minivan until 2013, when it adopted a high-roof body with rear sliding doors. Honda also produced the
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308:
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1896:) originates from the Philippines to describe basic and affordable vehicles with either large seating capacity or cargo designed to be sold in developing countries. These vehicles are usually available in minivan-like wagon body style with a seating capacity of 7 to 16 passengers. They are usually based on a compact pickup truck with
773:
offered on higher-end trims); and parking sensors. However, the Quest and Sedona only echo these design changes in their third and second respective generations. At the same time, Chrysler introduced fold-flat seating in 2005 (under the trademark “Stow-n’-go”). Mazda's MPV did not feature power doors and was discontinued in 2017.
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Luxury MPVs generally have three rows of seats; however, range-topping flagship models may also offer a 2-row option with four seats, which typically have more features than their cheaper counterparts. By the early 2020s, manufacturers have found additional strategies to improve technologies, such as
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From 2000 onward, several minivan manufacturers adopted boxier square-based exterior designs and began offering more advanced equipment, including power doors and liftgate; seating that folded flat into the cabin floor; DVD/VCR entertainment systems; in-dash navigation and rear-view camera (both only
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The highest selling year for minivans was in 2000, when 1.4 million units were sold. However, in the following years, sales of minivans began to decrease. In 2013, the segment's sales reached approximately 500,000, one-third of its 2000 peak. Market share of minivans in 2019 reached around 2% after a
268:. The cabin may be fitted with two, three, or four rows of seats, with the most common configurations being 2+3+2 or 2+3+3. Compared to other types of passenger vehicles, the body shape of minivans is designed to maximize interior space for both passengers and cargo. It is achieved by lengthening the
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adapted a bus-shaped body to the chassis of a small passenger car (the
Volkswagen Beetle). When Volkswagen introduced a sliding side door to the Type 2 in 1968, it then had the prominent features that would later come to define a minivan: compact length, three rows of forward-facing seats, station
499:
Due to their larger footprint and engines, minivans developed for the North
American market are distinct from most minivans/MPVs marketed in other regions, such as Europe and Asia. As of 2020, average exterior length for minivans in North America ranged around 200 inches (5.08 m), while many
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Most minivans have a reconfigurable interior to carry passengers and their effects. The first examples were designed with removable rear seats unlatched from the floor for removal and storage (in line with larger vans); however, users gave poor reception to the design as many seats were heavy and
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With the decline of the minivan/MPV category in many regions, such as North
America and Europe, in the mid-2010s, SUVs and crossovers with three rows of seating became popular alternatives. Compared to minivans, three-row SUVs lose sliding doors and generally offer less interior space due to the
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Market reaction to these new full-size MPV models was mixed. Consumers perceived MPVs as large and truck-like despite boasting similar footprints as large sedans. Arguably, cultural reasons regarding vehicle size and high fuel prices were a factor. During 1996 and 1997, the
Western European MPV
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was released as the first
Japanese-brand minivan developed from the ground up specifically for the North American market. Its larger chassis allowed an optional V6 engine and four-wheel drive to fit. In contrast to the sliding doors of American minivans, a hinged passenger-side door was used. A
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and marketed by Citroën, Fiat, Lancia, and
Peugeot. The Eurovans were built with two sliding doors; the gearshift was located on the dashboard to increase interior space, and a petal-type handbrake was adopted. In 1995, Ford of Europe and Volkswagen entered a joint venture, producing the
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in Japan, which carried over the mid-engine configuration of the TownAce. Along with its highly rounded exterior, the Estima was distinguished by its nearly panoramic window glass. The Estima was redesigned in 2000, adopting a front-wheel drive layout and offered with a
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steady decline from 2004, when the segment recorded above 6% of share. It has been suggested that the falling popularity of minivans is due to the increasing popularity of SUVs and crossovers, and its increasingly undesirable image as a vehicle for older drivers or the
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Mini MPV – an abbreviation for Mini Multi-Purpose
Vehicle – is a vehicle size class for the smallest size of minivans (MPVs). The Mini MPV size class sits below the compact MPV size class, and the vehicles are often built on the platforms of B-segment hatchback models.
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minivan, derived from a minivan platform designed by GM in the United States. After two generations of production, the GL8 is the final minivan produced by
General Motors or its joint ventures today. It remained dominant in the high-end minivan segment of the market.
272:, creating a flatter floor, taller roof, and more upright side profile, but not as prominent as commercial-oriented vans that are boxier in profile. Practicality and comfort for passengers are also enhanced with a larger rear cargo space opening and larger windows.
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for 1995. The models also increased in size due to the extended-wheelbase ("Grand") versions of the
Voyager and Caravan, launched in 1987. An increase in luxury features and interior equipment was seen in the Eddie Bauer version of the 1988 Ford Aerostar, the 1990
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often cited as the first minivan. The passenger seats in the Scarab were moveable and could be configured for the passengers to sit around a table in the rear of the cabin. Passengers entered and exited the Scarab via a centrally-mounted door.
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originated in North
America and the United Kingdom in 1959. In the UK, the Minivan was a small van manufactured by Austin based on the newly introduced Mini car. In the US, the term was used to differentiate the smaller passenger vehicles from
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During the 1990s, the minivan segment underwent several significant changes. Many models switched to the front-wheel drive layout used by the Voyager/Caravan minivans. For example, Ford replaced the Aerostar with the front-wheel drive
1388:, released in 1982, is considered the first Japanese compact minivan. Derived closely from a compact sedan, the Prairie was marketed as a "boxy sedan", configured with sliding doors, folding rear seats, and a lifting rear hatch. The
1067:(AMC), the 1987 sale of AMC to Chrysler canceled the plans for Renault to do so. In the late 1980s, Chrysler and Ford commenced sales of American-designed minivans in Europe (categorized as full-size in the region), selling the
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In 2021, sales of the segment totalled 310,630 units in the U.S. (2.1% of the overall car market), and 33,544 in Canada (2.0% of the overall car market). As of 2022, the passenger-oriented minivan segment consists of the
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to maximize its load capacity and durability while maintaining low manufacturing costs. Until the 2000s, AUVs were popular in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and some African markets.
222:, the configuration allows for less engine intrusion and a lower floor in the passenger compartment. In line with larger full-size vans, unibody construction has been commonly used (the spaceframe design of the
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Compact MPVs remain predominantly European, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American and Asian markets. As of 2016, the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.
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and grew in global popularity and diversity throughout the 1990s. Since the 2000s, their reception has varied in different parts of the world: in North America, for example, they have been largely eclipsed by
217:
In contrast to larger vans, most modern minivans/MPVs use a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout, while some model lines offer all-wheel drive as an option. Alongside adopting the form factor introduced by
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Compact MPV – an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle – is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs/minivans. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and minivan size classes.
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Current minivans marketed in South Korea are the Kia Carnival and Hyundai Staria, along with imported options such as the Toyota Sienna (originally for North America) and later generations of Honda Odyssey.
605:
In the late 1970s, Chrysler began a development program to design "a small affordable van that looked and handled more like a car." The result of this program was the first American minivans based on the
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Though sharing underpinnings with superminis, subcompacts, and mini MPVs, using an extended wheelbase can make leisure activity vehicles longer than those from which they are derived. For example, the
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237:. Minivans do not have as much ground clearance, towing capacity, or off-road capability compared to SUVs. Minivans provide more space for passengers and cargo than sedans and SUVs.
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Though predecessors to the minivan date back to the 1930s, the contemporary minivan body style was developed concurrently by several companies in the early 1980s, most notably by
719:. The third-generation Plymouth Voyager, Dodge Caravan, and Chrysler Town & Country – released for the 1996 model year – had an additional sliding door on the driver's side.
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1813:(among the first crossover SUVs and a precursor to the Renault Espace), with European manufacturers expanding the segment in the late 1990s, following the introduction of the
1924:, an MPV that is the direct successor to the Kijang which in its first two generations were built with body-on-frame construction. The vehicle's third generation switched to
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to North America in 1984, 1986, and 1987, respectively. These vehicles were marketed with the generic "Van" and "Wagon" names (for cargo and passenger vans, respectively).
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described minivans "the hot cars coming out of Detroit," noting that "analysts say the mini-van has created an entirely new market, one that may well overshadow the...
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as a standard panel van for cargo (called Vito) or with passenger accommodations substituted for part or all of the load area (called V-Class or Viano). In 1998, the
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was a derivative of a commercial van). Beginning development in the 1970s under the European subsidiaries of Chrysler, the Espace was intended as a successor for the
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Before the birth of minivans with modern form factors, tall wagon-type vehicles with large seating capacity in Japan were known as light vans. They commonly adopted
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became the first Japanese-brand minivan assembled in North America, replacing the Toyota Previa in that market. For 1999, Honda introduced a separate version of the
73:
for vehicles designed to transport passengers in the rear seating row(s), with reconfigurable seats in two or three rows. The equivalent classification in Europe is
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In 2020, minivans made up 20.8% of total automobile sales in Japan, behind SUVs and compact hatchbacks, making it one of the largest minivan markets in the world.
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in 1990 to replace the Van/Wagon in North America. It was designed solely as a passenger vehicle sized to compete with American-market minivans. For 1998, the
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was canceled, Chrysler discontinued its short-wheelbase minivans in 2007, and General Motors left the market segment in 2009 with the cancellation of the
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engines with more than 270 horsepower (201 kW; 274 PS) mainly to fulfill towing capacity requirements which North American customers demand.
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introduced a driver-side sliding door; by 2002, all minivans were sold with doors on both sides of the body. Most minivans are configured with a rear
3723:[The share of SUVs exceeds 30% of minivans! What is the current state of the new car market, where the power map has changed dramatically?].
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in 2004, a three-row vehicle with rear sliding doors. Mazda claimed the model "does not fit into any traditional (North American) segmentation." The
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market expanded from around 210,000 units to 350,000 units annually. However, the growth did not continue as expected, resulting in serious plant
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and Ford Aerostar. General Motors imported the Oldsmobile Silhouette (branded as the Pontiac Trans Sport), later marketing the American-produced
822:, which was introduced for the 2002 model year, is notable for being the first minivan from a South Korean manufacturer in the region. For 2007,
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3645:[The Odyssey that cannot disappear for the 5th generation! What is the history of one great car that drove the minivan market?].
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in French, is the passenger-oriented version of small commercial vans primarily marketed in Europe. One of the first LAVs was the 1977
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in body design. To maximize interior space, LAVs feature a taller roof, more upright windshield, and longer hood/bonnet with either a
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By the end of the 1980s, demand for minivans as family vehicles had largely superseded full-size station wagons in the United States.
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Following the 1990 discontinuation of the Nissan Vanette in the United States, Nissan also ended the sale of the second-generation
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seating. The largest size of minivans is also referred to as 'Large MPV' and became popular following the introduction of the 1984
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is one of the longest LAVs with a total length of 4,255 mm (167.5 in), versus the 4,050 mm (159.4 in) of the
1457:(also sold the Kia Sedona) was introduced in 1998 with dual sliding doors. Sharing its configuration with the Honda Odyssey, the
275:
Some minivans/MPVs may use sliding doors, while others offer conventional forward-hinged doors. Initially, a feature of the 1982
618:. The S minivans debuted the minivan design features of front-wheel drive, a flat floor and a sliding door for rear passengers.
2054:"Car prices within the European Union / Prix des voitures au sein de l'Union européenne / Autopreise in der europäischen Union"
1381:. These vehicles were based on commercial vehicles, which created a gap compared to sedans regarding ride quality and luxury.
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Several minivans based on B-segment platforms have been marketed as 'leisure activity vehicles' in Europe. These include the
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1416:, produced with varying degrees of relation with the Toyota Alphard/Vellfire. The LM designation stands for "Luxury Mover".
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was introduced with a third-row seat that folded flat into the floor, which was then adopted by many competitors, including
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platform, it offered the same multi-use and flexibility aspects as the larger MPVs but with a much smaller footprint.
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compact MPV, where it was prominently marketed as a crossover due to its small size and the use of hinged rear doors.
726:. Nissan reentered the segment by forming a joint venture with Ford to develop and assemble a minivan that became the
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Minivans/MPVs are produced on distinct chassis architecture or share platforms with other vehicles such as sedans and
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After the success of the Renault Scénic, other makers have developed similar European-focused products, such as the
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The MPV segment is the most popular passenger car segment in Indonesia, with a market share of 40 percent in 2021.
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In Europe, the classification is commonly known as "MPV", "people carrier", or officially M-segment, and includes
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95 series. The Econoline grew larger in the 1970s, while the Greenbrier was joined by (and later replaced by) the
5151:
3828:
2053:
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625:; at six feet tall or lower, 1980s minivans were intended to fit inside a typical garage door opening. In 1984,
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term, there is a long history of one-box passenger vehicles roughly approximating the body style, with the 1936
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3436:[The roots of the minivan are derivative models of passenger cars! Appeared in Europe before the war].
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driver-side entry was added for 1996, as Mazda gradually remarketed the model line as an early crossover SUV.
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3542:[Many models are born! Tracing the history of Toyota-created minivans following the Toyota Granace].
375:, a flat floor, and multi-configurable seating, all of which would later become characteristics of minivans.
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2086:"Impact on the Competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry of Potential FTA with India and ASEAN"
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2063:(in English, French, and German). Brussels: Publications Office of the European Union. 1 January 2011
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Sales of minivans in China increased rapidly in 2015 and 2016 when the Chinese government lifted the
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3697:[Development of minivan culture 25 years of striving to achieve both wideness and driving].
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also had many features in common with modern minivans. The Multipla was based on the chassis of the
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2031:. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 17 March 1999. p. 2
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The early 1960s saw Ford and Chevrolet introduce "compact" vans for the North American market, the
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To match the launch of minivans by American manufacturers, Japanese manufacturers introduced the
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3462:[The revolution caused by the first Estima, the founder of the Japanese minivan world].
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was released. A two-row, six-seater MPV with a 3+3 seat configuration borrowing its name from
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compact MPV with sliding doors. However, it did not offer third-row seating in North America.
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201:(such as the Ford E-Series, Dodge Ram Van, and Chevrolet Van), which were then called 'vans'.
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2020, the sales volume of the segment totaled 283,583 vehicles, or 10.3% of industry total.
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2674:"Creating the Plymouth, Dodge, and Chrysler Minivan: The Caravan/Voyager Development Story"
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is the highest-capacity minivan, seating up to 11 passengers. It was discontinued in 2019.
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The first known use of the term was in 1959, but not until the 1980s was it commonly used.
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3124:"Ford cancels seven-passenger C-Max for U.S., focuses solely on Hybrid and Energi models"
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mid-size MPV since 1996, which is designed with a higher cabin and narrow width, and the
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How to Design Cars Like a Pro: A Complete Guide to Car Design from the Top Professionals
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was the first European-developed minivan developed primarily for passenger use (as the
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utilized a compact pickup truck platform. Minivans often have a 'one-box' or 'two-box'
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3752:[The ideal companion for summer vacation, 6 MPVs that you can meet in Korea].
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which was developed as a luxury-oriented model. In 2020, Lexus introduced their first
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2938:"Minivan Market Share Is Now at 2 Percent In America, and It's Rapidly Getting Worse"
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In the 1990s, several joint ventures produced long-running minivan designs. In 1994,
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design, and rear-wheel drive layout with one-box form factor. Examples included the
287:; few minivans have used panel-style rear doors, for example, cargo versions of the
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adopted nearly the same form factor, instead using wagon-style front-hinged doors.
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2421:"The Stout Scarab is the World's First Minivan, and the First Car with a Mustache"
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1984. Minivans cut into and eventually overshadowed the traditional market of the
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807:) between 2009 and 2013. In 2010, Ford started importing the commercial-oriented
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wagon-style top-hinged tailgate/liftgate, sliding side door, passenger car base.
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or barn doors to access the boot. Marketed as an alternative to sedan-derived
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High-end minivans may include distinguished features such as captain seats or
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4308:"A Minivan or a Three-Row SUV? Which Vehicle Is Better for Your Family?"
4054:"Coming soon: the Volvo EM90, our first ever fully electric premium MPV"
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2198:"30 Years Ago Today, Chrysler Invented the Minivan, And Changed History"
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1201: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
887: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3379:[ 15 Recommended Popular Minivans | Price / Spec Comparison].
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3804:"Chinese-owned MPV brands see decline in market share - China.org.cn"
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745:, with North America receiving a larger vehicle with sliding doors.
41:"Mini van" redirects here. For the van version of the Mini car, see
4036:"2024 Lexus LM price and specs: Luxury people-mover tops $ 220,000"
2303:"Five Minivans You Shouldn't Be Embarrassed [sic] To Drive"
4961:
4816:
4178:"From humble beginnings: The History of the Asian Utility Vehicle"
1876:
1784:
1773:
1732:
1683:
1573:, mainly marketed for several Asian (especially Chinese) markets.
1558:
1554:
1486:
1476:
1063:
Initially intending to market the Espace in North America through
775:
752:
689:
593:
306:
244:
49:
2699:"The Ford Mustang and the minivan have an amazing shared history"
1453:
In South Korea, both the terms "minivan" and "MPV" are used. The
4127:"Peugeot Rifter revealed as Citroen Berlingo Multispace sibling"
1848:
than MPVs or minivans, offering two (or three) rows of seating.
42:
4389:
3880:"Gaikindo reveals five popular car brands in Indonesia in 2017"
2653:. Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of American History
315:, showcasing its relatively flat floor and third-row seat space
5121:
4691:
4579:
4416:
1562:
1430:
In 1995, Honda entered the minivan segment by introducing the
1170:
1032:
856:
823:
177:
94:
4385:
4076:"PSA Previews New Generation Leisure Activity Vehicles (LAV)"
3643:"消えちゃいけないオデッセイが5代目にして消滅! ミニバン市場をけん引した偉大なる1台の歴史とは | goo - 自動車"
2544:"What's the Best Minivan or SUV for Towing a Travel Trailer?"
1920:
emerged in the AUV segment. Modern equivalent of AUV is the
4204:"The AUV: In the service of the Filipino - Feature Stories"
3377:"【2022年】ミニバンおすすめ人気15選|価格・スペック比較|Motor-Fan[モーターファン]"
1035:-based vehicles and smaller vehicles with two-row seating.
621:
The term minivan came into use largely compared to size to
2471:"How the Volkswagen Bus Became a Symbol of Counterculture"
2448:"The Mother Of All Modern Minivans: 1949 DKW Schnellaster"
1859:(a mini MPV) and the 4,030 mm (158.7 in) of the
58:, the best-selling minivan in the United States as of 2020
3326:"The reasons why full-size minivans don't sell in Europe"
1968:"Ranked: 5 best-selling new minivans in the U.S. in 2020"
791:
ceased in 2003. Ford exited the segment in 2006 when the
4281:"3 Row SUV vs the Best Minivan: Which is Right For You?"
4230:"Adios, AUVs: The twilight of the 10-seaters is upon us"
3566:"Lexus LM luxury MPV fully revealed ahead of UK launch"
2147:. Vol. 164, no. 11. November 1987. p. 72
1997:
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus
1404:
powertrain since 2001. In 2002, Toyota introduced the
787:
Due to the market decline, North American sales of the
3907:"Pangsa pasar segmen MPV capai 40%, ini kata Gaikindo"
3592:"The Lexus Luxury Mover makes a lot of motoring sense"
2016:
2014:
1138:
in 1996, which became popular. Based on the C-segment
636:
In response to the popularity of the Voyager/Caravan,
3515:[ 6 unique minivans that changed the times].
1824:
Leisure activity vehicles are typically derived from
1577:
new materials, new systems, and improving exteriors.
1123:, it is notable for its highly controversial design.
4153:"LAVs rise above their van origins and enter fleets"
2909:
2907:
1461:
was sold from 1999 to 2008. Introduced in 2004, the
5368:
5282:
5254:
5201:
5053:
4975:
4767:
4705:
4664:
4611:
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4522:
4484:
4433:
4424:
3721:"SUVのシェアがミニバン超えの3割に! 勢力図が大変化した新車市場の今とは!?|コラム【MOTA】"
2916:"'Mom mobiles' a shrinking category for automakers"
833:Another compact MPV released to the market was the
648:badge-engineered twins, and Ford released the 1986
413:respectively. The Ford version was marketed in the
3175:"Top 100 Cars 2014: Top 10 MPVs (people carriers)"
2783:"Driving Down Memory Lane in the Original Minivan"
1328:In Japan, the classification is known as "minivan"
1134:Renault set a new "compact MPV" standard with the
1108:minivans, featuring front-hinged rear side doors.
3409:[Development of minivan culture (1994)].
2892:. Vol. 44, no. 7. July 1990. p. 41
2746:
2744:
2497:"Fiat invented minivan concept with the Multipla"
1947:higher priorities on exterior styling and higher
4333:"Minivan or SUV—Which Is Best for Big Families?"
3779:"〈威尔〉赛那"姊妹车"来了,还会继续走"加价"路线吗『皇冠』?_新能源市场_零排放智能汽车网"
2344:"A Visionary's Minivan Arrived Decades Too Soon"
2022:"Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 - Merger Procedure"
112:and have a lower body. Early models such as the
2645:
2643:
1350:and defined by its three-row seating capacity.
1343:
4101:"Ford Transit Courier: Small Fiesta-based van"
3669:"ミニバンとは? 他にはないミニバンの良さや最新人気車種をご紹介!(WEB CARTOP)"
3540:"数多くのモデルが誕生! トヨタ・グランエースへ続くトヨタが生み出したミニバンの歴史を辿る"
180:, while in Asia they are commonly marketed as
4401:
4255:"AUV, MPV, or SUV: What are the differences?"
3854:"Automotive Manufacturing Industry Indonesia"
2860:"A Van By Any Other Name: Mitsubishi "Wagon""
2815:. Vol. 162, no. 4. pp. 48, 168
2329:"GM's X-Cars: Anatomy of a Miserable Failure"
815:, entered the North American market in 2016.
8:
3617:"ホンダ「オデッセイ」が27年の歴史に幕!「ミニバン」ブームの火付け役が残した功績とは"
2988:"Minivans are perfect. Why do we hate them?"
2597:"2021 Canada Minivan Sales Figures By Model"
367:—manufactured from 1949 until 1962—featured
144:sizes of minivans have also become popular.
4069:
4067:
3150:"Test Drive: Ford C-Max is eco-licious fun"
2759:. Vol. 226, no. 2. pp. 74–75
2245:
2243:
4430:
4408:
4394:
4386:
3829:"China: passenger car sales by model 2021"
2776:
2774:
2252:"SUV or Minivan: Which Should You Choose?"
811:Wagon from Turkey. A similar vehicle, the
3227:"What is an MPV (multi-purpose vehicle)?"
1261:Learn how and when to remove this message
947:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:, most minivans are based on a passenger
4812:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
3493:. Vol. 223, no. 3. p. 123
3201:"History of Toyota's compact MPV models"
5158:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
2570:"US car sales analysis 2021 – Minivans"
2395:"Revisiting Classics: The Stout Scarab"
2121:. Vol. 167, no. 2. p. 64
1980:No. 1 - Chrysler Pacifica (93,802 sold)
1959:
1884:, also known as the Kijang in Indonesia
1614:
530:
427:
4034:Misoyannis, Alex (20 September 2023).
4010:"FY2020 Car Sales in India – Snapshot"
2196:Sorokanich, Robert (2 November 2013).
1580:Examples of luxury MPV models include
1442:since 2000 to slot below the Odyssey.
730:and its Mercury Villager counterpart.
4373:from the original on 11 December 2021
4074:Patrascu, Daniel (13 February 2018).
3773:
3771:
3750:"여름 휴가의 이상적인 동반자, 국내서 만날 수 있는 MPV 6종"
3744:
3742:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3320:
3318:
3316:
2781:Kurczewski, Nick (15 December 2016).
2651:"America on the Move - Dodge Caravan"
2370:"Cars of Futures Past – Stout Scarab"
7:
2622:"Best New Minivans and Vans of 2022"
2327:Benjamin Hunting (21 January 2021).
2080:
2078:
2048:
2046:
1199:adding citations to reliable sources
885:adding citations to reliable sources
656:layout, unlike the Voyager/Caravan.
652:. These vehicles used a traditional
532:Top 3 best-sellers in the U.S., 2021
38:Type of van designed for private use
4008:Punditz, Team Auto (4 April 2020).
3982:Punditz, Team Auto (8 April 2020).
3513:"【エスティマ、オデッセイ…他】時代を変えた個性派「名」ミニバン6選"
3277:"Renault Espace, this is your life"
3179:Driving.co.uk from The Sunday Times
2986:Cheney, Peter (27 September 2011).
2914:Eisenstein, Paul A. (10 May 2014).
2495:Mattews, Nigel (26 November 2014).
2446:Niedermeyer, Paul (29 March 2010).
1805:), also known as van-based MPV and
1789:Peugeot Rifter, a LAV based on the
799:. However, Volkswagen marketed the
3012:Bedard, Patrick (1 October 2001).
2751:Stepler, Richard (February 1985).
2250:Trompete, Tara (13 October 2023).
1533:The category is commonly known as
25:
4822:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
2167:"Our pick: Top 10 used mini-MPVs"
1914:Isuzu Panther/Hi-Lander/Crosswind
1844:, LAVs have seating with a lower
1111:In 1996, Mercedes introduced the
4060:(Press release). 24 August 2023.
3905:Elvira, Vina (4 November 2021).
3695:"第38回:ミニバン文化の発展 広さと走りの両立に挑んだ25年"
3485:Schefler, Jim (September 1983).
2672:Zatz, David (16 November 2020).
1918:Mitsubishi Freeca/Adventure/Kuda
1652:
1636:
1620:
1311:
1294:
1277:
1175:
1154:that offered three-row seating,
1014:
997:
980:
963:
861:
568:
552:
536:
478:
462:
446:
430:
3984:"MUV Sales in India for FY2020"
3466:(in Japanese). 10 February 2021
3434:"ミニバンのルーツは乗用車の派生モデル!欧州では戦前より登場"
3039:"Kia Rondo found! And reviewed"
2835:"Autotrader - page unavailable"
2342:Patton, Phil (6 January 2008).
2173:. 3 August 2010. Archived from
1970:. AutomotiveMap. 10 August 2020
1395:In 1990, Toyota introduced the
1186:needs additional citations for
872:needs additional citations for
5459:Template:EC car classification
3701:(in Japanese). 6 December 2018
3413:(in Japanese). 31 January 2014
2724:"Coolest Minivans of All Time"
2113:Taylor, Rich (February 1990).
1832:car platforms, differing from
1569:have marketed upscale MPVs as
826:also introduced the three-row
328:that introduced third-row and
1:
2963:Neil, Dan (17 October 2007).
2469:Kindy, David (6 March 2020).
417:series, the Chevrolet in the
320:hard to remove. In 1995, the
4306:Radu, Vlad (30 April 2021).
3886:. Indonesia. 21 January 2018
3519:(in Japanese). 21 March 2020
3303:"The 100 ugliest cars: 20-1"
3255:. Motorbooks International.
2890:Kiplinger's Personal Finance
2809:"PM drives GM's new minivan"
2807:Lamm, Michael (April 1985).
2368:Ernst, Kurt (11 July 2013).
1999:. Cambridge University Press
1501:commenced production of the
1091:was introduced, produced by
1054:Volkswagen Caravelle/Vanagon
4369:. CNBC. 18 September 2019.
4058:Volvo Cars Official Website
3860:. Netherlands. 2 April 2018
3725:autoc-one.jp MOTA(旧オートックワン)
3460:"日本ミニバン界の始祖 初代エスティマが起こした革命"
3354:[Toyota minivans].
2519:"Common Minivan Dimensions"
2095:. p. 8. Archived from
1535:multi utility vehicle (MUV)
1344:
1065:American Motors Corporation
841:was released for 2013 as a
733:Toyota also introduced the
713:Chrysler Town & Country
351:Before the adoption of the
256:Minivans/MPVs use either a
228:General Motors APV minivans
65:(sometimes called simply a
5506:
5148:Gasoline / petrol
4912:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
2301:Max, Josh (28 July 2020).
1935:
1870:
1726:
1677:
1598:BMW 2 Series Active Tourer
330:fold-flat second-row seats
40:
26:
5444:
5288:(engine / drive)
4367:"The Fall of the Minivan"
3858:indonesia-investments.com
3756:(in Korean). 28 July 2021
2753:"New generation minivans"
1335:
743:Odyssey for North America
576:Chrysler Pacifica/Voyager
4927:Sedan delivery/Panel van
1799:leisure activity vehicle
1770:Leisure activity vehicle
1616:Examples of upscale MPVs
989:Citroën Evasion/Synergie
85:- and are taller than a
27:Not to be confused with
5188:Liquified petroleum gas
5000:Driverless (autonomous)
4151:Dieter (16 July 2018).
2223:"Definition of Minivan"
1781:, one of the first LAVs
163:), both first sold for
5093:Compressed natural gas
5020:Personal rapid transit
3911:newssetup.kontan.co.id
3538:交通タイムス社 (9 May 2020).
2886:"Best of the Minivans"
2450:. The Truth About Cars
2115:"The Light Vantastics"
1942:Crossover (automobile)
1885:
1794:
1782:
1743:
1694:
1549:Manufacturers such as
1494:
1484:
1419:Nissan introduced the
784:
761:
698:
602:
316:
266:A, B, C, and D pillars
253:
59:
5359:Dual motor-four-wheel
4957:Town (Coupé de Ville)
4285:agirlsguidetocars.com
4105:topgear-autoguide.com
1938:Sport utility vehicle
1910:Toyota Tamaraw/Kijang
1908:The first AUV is the
1890:Asian utility vehicle
1880:
1873:Basic utility vehicle
1867:Asian utility vehicle
1788:
1777:
1756:Category:Compact MPVs
1736:
1687:
1628:Mercedes-Benz V-Class
1602:Hyundai Staria Lounge
1582:Mercedes-Benz V-Class
1490:
1480:
1156:Citroën Xsara Picasso
1113:Mercedes-Benz V-Class
779:
756:
717:Oldsmobile Silhouette
693:
597:
310:
297:Mercedes-Benz V-Class
248:
79:multi-purpose vehicle
53:
5370:Engine configuration
4381:– via YouTube.
3590:Sarne, V. Vernon B.
3251:Lewin, Tony (2003).
2965:"Head of the Family"
2942:The Truth About Cars
2475:Smithsonian Magazine
1707:Ford Transit Courier
1195:improve this article
1073:Opel/Vauxhall Sintra
881:improve this article
813:Mercedes-Benz Metris
809:Ford Transit Connect
805:Chrysler RT minivans
407:Econoline Club Wagon
343:for the second row.
5376:internal combustion
5178:Internal combustion
4985:All-terrain vehicle
4907:Retractable hardtop
3958:"MPV Cars in India"
3487:"Toyota's mini-van"
2227:merriam-webster.com
1760:( 112 )
759:Dodge Grand Caravan
230:being exceptions).
4208:autoindustriya.com
4184:. 10 December 2021
4107:. 4 September 2013
3407:"ミニバン文化の発展(1994年)"
2992:The Globe and Mail
2944:. 18 February 2020
2866:. 23 November 2019
2787:The New York Times
2550:. 16 December 2020
2348:The New York Times
1886:
1863:SW (a supermini).
1795:
1783:
1765:Related categories
1744:
1718:( 70 )
1714:Category:Mini MPVs
1695:
1495:
1485:
1390:Mitsubishi Chariot
797:Chevrolet Uplander
789:Volkswagen Eurovan
785:
762:
699:
640:released the 1985
627:The New York Times
603:
317:
254:
249:Side profile of a
122:body configuration
71:car classification
60:
5467:
5466:
4763:
4762:
4532:Compact executive
4312:autoevolution.com
4287:. 28 January 2022
4080:autoevolution.com
3309:. 28 August 2008.
3181:. 25 October 2014
3148:Healey, James R.
3091:"Review: Mazda 5"
3070:. 1 December 2006
2969:Los Angeles Times
2813:Popular Mechanics
2628:. 4 February 2022
2601:goodcarbadcar.net
2576:. 20 January 2022
2277:"What is an MPV?"
2145:Popular Mechanics
2119:Popular Mechanics
2102:on 29 April 2013.
1842:small family cars
1761:
1738:Volkswagen Touran
1719:
1482:Buick GL8 Century
1375:Mitsubishi Delica
1271:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1106:Volkswagen Sharan
1023:Mercedes-Benz EQV
1006:Vauxhall Zafira A
957:
956:
949:
931:
801:Volkswagen Routan
706:for 1993 and the
669:Mitsubishi Delica
514:Chrysler Pacifica
486:Fiat 600 Multipla
470:Volkswagen Type 2
380:Volkswagen Type 2
373:transverse engine
369:front-wheel drive
281:Chrysler minivans
264:body design with
220:Chrysler minivans
153:Chrysler minivans
151:(producer of the
56:Chrysler Pacifica
16:(Redirected from
5497:
5379:
5338:Front-four-wheel
5289:
5152:direct injection
5063:Alternative fuel
4877:Multi-stop truck
4431:
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3962:autocarindia.com
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3884:The Jakarta Post
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3754:motoya.co.kr 모토야
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3381:car.motor-fan.jp
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3205:mag.toyota.co.uk
3197:
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3086:
3080:
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3077:
3075:
3064:"2007 Kia Rondo"
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2975:on 29 July 2018.
2971:. Archived from
2960:
2954:
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2949:
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2928:
2927:
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2923:
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2709:
2703:Business Insider
2695:
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2647:
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2609:
2607:
2595:Tulumba, Chris.
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2574:carsalesbase.com
2566:
2560:
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2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
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2515:
2509:
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2506:
2504:
2499:. Driving Canada
2492:
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2401:. 23 August 2018
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2040:
2038:
2036:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1949:ground clearance
1902:rear-wheel drive
1815:Citroën Berlingo
1759:
1742:
1717:
1693:
1656:
1640:
1624:
1515:two-child policy
1513:in favor of the
1511:one-child policy
1463:SsangYong Rodius
1423:in 1991 and the
1349:
1347:
1337:
1315:
1298:
1281:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1203:
1179:
1171:
1121:an older minivan
1085:badge engineered
1069:Chrysler Voyager
1018:
1001:
984:
967:
952:
945:
941:
938:
932:
930:
889:
865:
857:
847:battery electric
704:Mercury Villager
654:rear-wheel drive
612:Plymouth Voyager
572:
556:
540:
518:Chrysler Voyager
482:
466:
454:DKW Schnellaster
450:
434:
365:DKW Schnellaster
339:, as opposed to
313:Renault Espace V
104:Compared with a
21:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5440:
5411:Single-cylinder
5373:
5372:
5364:
5352:Rear-four-wheel
5303:Front mid-front
5287:
5286:
5278:
5256:Engine position
5250:
5197:
5183:Liquid nitrogen
5049:
4977:
4971:
4759:
4701:
4660:
4607:
4593:Crossover (CUV)
4574:
4546:
4518:
4480:
4420:
4414:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4339:. 23 April 2020
4331:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4261:. 26 April 2019
4259:autodeal.com.ph
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4157:fleeteurope.com
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4014:autopunditz.com
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3988:autopunditz.com
3981:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3913:(in Indonesian)
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3491:Popular Science
3484:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3438:automesseweb.jp
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3314:
3307:telegraph.co.uk
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3283:. 23 April 2015
3275:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2757:Popular Science
2750:
2749:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2256:Kelly Blue Book
2249:
2248:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2177:on 5 March 2012
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1944:
1934:
1875:
1869:
1791:Peugeot Partner
1772:
1767:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1669:Size categories
1664:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1571:luxury vehicles
1547:
1545:Luxury vehicles
1531:
1523:
1475:
1451:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1267:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1204:
1202:
1192:
1180:
1169:
1164:
1148:
1081:
1046:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1002:
993:
992:
991:
985:
976:
975:
974:
968:
953:
942:
936:
933:
890:
888:
878:
866:
855:
843:hybrid electric
751:
749:2000s and 2010s
715:, and the 1990
688:
642:Chevrolet Astro
592:
590:1970s and 1980s
587:
580:
578:
573:
564:
562:
557:
548:
546:
541:
497:
490:
488:
483:
474:
472:
467:
458:
456:
451:
442:
440:
435:
349:
305:
289:Chevrolet Astro
243:
215:
210:
208:Characteristics
190:
182:luxury vehicles
118:Chevrolet Astro
46:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5503:
5501:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5345:Mid-four-wheel
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5160:
5155:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5115:
5109:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4932:Shooting brake
4929:
4924:
4922:Saloon / Sedan
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4428:
4426:Classification
4422:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4355:External links
4353:
4351:
4350:
4324:
4298:
4272:
4246:
4234:topgear.com.ph
4221:
4210:. 12 June 2015
4195:
4182:c-magazine.com
4169:
4143:
4118:
4092:
4063:
4045:
4026:
4000:
3974:
3949:
3924:
3897:
3871:
3845:
3820:
3795:
3767:
3738:
3712:
3686:
3660:
3647:goo自動車&バイク
3634:
3608:
3582:
3557:
3530:
3504:
3477:
3451:
3424:
3393:
3368:
3343:
3312:
3294:
3268:
3261:
3243:
3218:
3207:. 1 April 2015
3192:
3166:
3140:
3115:
3089:Barry, Keith.
3081:
3055:
3030:
3018:Car and Driver
3004:
2978:
2955:
2929:
2903:
2877:
2851:
2839:autotrader.com
2826:
2799:
2770:
2740:
2715:
2690:
2664:
2639:
2626:Car and Driver
2613:
2587:
2561:
2535:
2510:
2487:
2461:
2438:
2412:
2386:
2360:
2334:
2331:. Motor Trend.
2319:
2293:
2268:
2239:
2214:
2188:
2158:
2141:"Mass Transit"
2132:
2105:
2074:
2042:
2010:
1984:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1933:
1930:
1928:construction.
1871:Main article:
1868:
1865:
1819:Renault Kangoo
1793:commercial van
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1741:(2015–present)
1727:Main article:
1724:
1721:
1678:Main article:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:(2022–present)
1658:
1651:
1649:
1647:(2019–present)
1642:
1635:
1633:
1631:(1996–present)
1626:
1619:
1617:
1546:
1543:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1474:
1471:
1459:Hyundai Trajet
1450:
1447:
1425:Nissan Elgrand
1406:Toyota Alphard
1386:Nissan Prairie
1371:Nissan Vanette
1363:Toyota TownAce
1320:Toyota Alphard
1317:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:Nissan Prairie
1283:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1144:
1136:Renault Scénic
1080:
1077:
1050:Renault Espace
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1003:
996:
995:
994:
986:
979:
978:
977:
972:Renault Espace
969:
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:
955:
954:
869:
867:
860:
854:
851:
769:demographics.
750:
747:
687:
684:
665:Nissan Vanette
638:General Motors
623:full-size vans
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
579:(2019–present)
574:
567:
565:
563:(2018–present)
558:
551:
549:
547:(2020–present)
542:
535:
533:
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
477:
475:
468:
461:
459:
452:
445:
443:
436:
429:
386:The 1956–1969
348:
345:
304:
301:
277:Nissan Prairie
242:
239:
235:crossover SUVs
224:Renault Espace
214:
211:
209:
206:
199:full-size vans
189:
186:
161:Renault Espace
134:Renault Espace
37:
24:
18:People carrier
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5502:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Reciprocating
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5324:Rear mid-rear
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Station wagon
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Coupé utility
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Sport compact
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4552:Minivan / MPV
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4299:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4144:
4132:
4131:autocar.co.uk
4128:
4122:
4119:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4001:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3938:
3937:zigwheels.com
3934:
3928:
3925:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3727:(in Japanese)
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3675:(in Japanese)
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3649:(in Japanese)
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3623:(in Japanese)
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3546:(in Japanese)
3545:
3541:
3534:
3531:
3518:
3517:自動車情報誌「ベストカー」
3514:
3508:
3505:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3478:
3465:
3464:自動車情報誌「ベストカー」
3461:
3455:
3452:
3440:(in Japanese)
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3332:. 30 May 2000
3331:
3330:just-auto.com
3327:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3262:0-7603-1641-4
3258:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3232:
3231:parkers.co.uk
3228:
3222:
3219:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3005:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2865:
2864:oldmotors.net
2861:
2855:
2852:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2427:. 19 May 2018
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2400:
2399:drivezing.com
2396:
2390:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2320:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2282:
2281:buyacar.co.uk
2278:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1932:Three-row SUV
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:Toyota Innova
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:body-on-frame
1895:
1892:(abbreviated
1891:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:(abbreviated
1800:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Mercedes-Benz
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:Honda Stepwgn
1433:
1432:Honda Odyssey
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:Nissan Serena
1417:
1415:
1412:minivan, the
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:Toyota Estima
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1321:
1314:
1304:
1303:Honda Odyssey
1297:
1287:
1280:
1265:
1262:
1254:
1251:February 2022
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212: –
1211:
1207:
1206:Find sources:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1184:This section
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:Fiat Multipla
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:SEAT Alhambra
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1024:
1017:
1007:
1000:
990:
983:
973:
966:
951:
948:
940:
937:February 2022
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
912:
908:
905:
901:
898: –
897:
893:
892:Find sources:
886:
882:
876:
875:
870:This section
868:
864:
859:
858:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:Ford Freestar
790:
783:
782:Ford Freestar
778:
774:
770:
768:
760:
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
739:Toyota Sienna
736:
735:Toyota Previa
731:
729:
725:
724:Nissan Axxess
720:
718:
714:
709:
708:Ford Windstar
705:
697:
696:Toyota Sienna
692:
685:
683:
680:
677:
674:In 1989, the
672:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
650:Ford Aerostar
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
631:station wagon
628:
624:
619:
617:
616:Dodge Caravan
613:
609:
601:
600:Dodge Caravan
596:
589:
584:
577:
571:
566:
561:
560:Honda Odyssey
555:
550:
545:
544:Toyota Sienna
539:
534:
531:
529:
527:
523:
522:Honda Odyssey
519:
515:
511:
510:Toyota Sienna
505:
503:
495:North America
494:
487:
481:
476:
471:
465:
460:
455:
449:
444:
439:
433:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Fiat Multipla
384:
381:
378:In 1950, the
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
354:
346:
344:
342:
338:
337:Ottoman seats
333:
331:
327:
323:
322:Honda Odyssey
314:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
293:Ford Aerostar
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
252:
251:Honda Odyssey
247:
240:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
212:
207:
205:
202:
200:
195:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
170:
169:station wagon
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:Dodge Caravan
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:Ford Aerostar
111:
107:
106:full-size van
102:
100:
99:station wagon
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
44:
34:
30:
19:
5485:Compact MPVs
5246:Twelve-wheel
5203:Drive wheels
4976:Specialized
4897:Pickup truck
4802:Cabrio coach
4646:Sports sedan
4621:Grand tourer
4551:
4375:. Retrieved
4341:. Retrieved
4336:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4311:
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4258:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4233:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4207:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4181:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4156:
4146:
4134:. Retrieved
4130:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4104:
4095:
4083:. Retrieved
4079:
4057:
4048:
4040:drive.com.au
4039:
4029:
4017:. Retrieved
4013:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3987:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3961:
3952:
3940:. Retrieved
3936:
3927:
3915:. Retrieved
3910:
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3883:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3857:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3833:statista.com
3832:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3808:china.org.cn
3807:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:
3758:. Retrieved
3753:
3729:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3672:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3646:
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3595:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:
3560:
3548:. Retrieved
3544:webcartop.jp
3543:
3533:
3521:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3495:. Retrieved
3490:
3480:
3468:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3442:. Retrieved
3437:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3410:
3384:. Retrieved
3380:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3329:
3306:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3280:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3230:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3204:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3178:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3153:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3128:autoblog.com
3127:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3094:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:topspeed.com
3067:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3042:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3017:
3014:"Kia Sedona"
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:
2981:
2973:the original
2968:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2941:
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2894:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2812:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2786:
2761:. Retrieved
2756:
2731:. Retrieved
2728:autoblog.com
2727:
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2702:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2630:. Retrieved
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:
2337:
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2170:
2161:
2151:17 September
2149:. Retrieved
2144:
2135:
2125:17 September
2123:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2097:the original
2092:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:ec.europa.eu
2060:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:ec.europa.eu
2028:
2001:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1979:
1972:. Retrieved
1962:
1945:
1907:
1900:chassis and
1893:
1889:
1887:
1850:
1823:
1811:Matra Rancho
1806:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1779:Matra Rancho
1753:
1749:
1745:
1711:
1703:Fiat Fiorino
1700:
1696:
1579:
1575:
1548:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1508:
1496:
1467:
1455:Kia Carnival
1452:
1444:
1440:Honda Stream
1429:
1418:
1394:
1383:
1367:Toyota HiAce
1352:
1327:
1257:
1248:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1205:
1193:Please help
1188:verification
1185:
1149:
1133:
1129:overcapacity
1125:
1110:
1082:
1062:
1058:Matra Rancho
1047:
1030:
943:
934:
924:
917:
910:
903:
891:
879:Please help
874:verification
871:
832:
817:
803:(a rebadged
786:
771:
763:
732:
728:Nissan Quest
721:
700:
681:
673:
658:
635:
626:
620:
604:
526:Kia Carnival
506:
498:
438:Stout Scarab
404:
385:
377:
362:
357:Stout Scarab
352:
350:
347:Predecessors
334:
318:
274:
255:
232:
216:
203:
193:
191:
146:
110:car platform
103:
82:
78:
74:
66:
62:
61:
47:
5396:Four-stroke
5296:Front-front
5236:Eight-wheel
5211:Front-wheel
5143:Natural gas
5128:Fossil fuel
5083:Biogasoline
4769:Body styles
4697:Vintage car
4377:24 November
4337:Motor Trend
4265:27 February
4214:27 February
4188:27 February
3890:27 February
3864:27 February
3788:27 February
3281:topgear.com
2922:26 December
2896:26 December
2353:6 September
2181:28 February
2171:Auto Trader
1882:Toyota Revo
1861:Peugeot 206
1857:Opel Meriva
1729:Compact MPV
1723:Compact MPV
1692:(2003–2017)
1689:Opel Meriva
1539:fiscal year
1537:or MPV. In
1499:Shanghai GM
1449:South Korea
1379:Mazda Bongo
1158:and others.
1152:Opel Zafira
1098:Ford Galaxy
610:, the 1984
500:models use
489:(1956–1969)
473:(1950–1967)
457:(1949–1962)
441:(1936–1942)
400:cab forward
396:rear engine
341:bench seats
279:, the 1996
138:compact MPV
5474:Categories
5421:Two-stroke
5317:Front-rear
5310:Rear-front
5226:Four-wheel
5216:Rear-wheel
5055:Propulsion
5045:Voiturette
5030:Flying car
5025:Police car
4990:Amphibious
4902:Quad coupé
4792:Berlinetta
4509:Street rod
4451:Subcompact
4085:21 October
3933:"MUV Cars"
3673:Yahoo!ニュース
3497:23 October
3352:"トヨタのミニバン"
2819:23 October
2523:J.D. Power
2503:2 December
2480:2 December
2454:2 December
2425:tflcar.com
1974:17 January
1955:References
1936:See also:
1853:Fiat Doblò
1830:subcompact
1754:Examples:
1712:Examples:
1660:Hongqi HQ9
1606:Volvo EM90
1594:Hongqi HQ9
1355:mid-engine
1221:newspapers
1093:Sevel Nord
1087:series of
907:newspapers
839:Ford C-Max
820:Kia Sedona
767:soccer mom
694:1998–2000
661:Toyota Van
646:GMC Safari
608:S platform
411:Greenbrier
394:and had a
311:A cutaway
295:, and the
241:Body style
174:crossovers
165:model year
5490:Mini MPVs
5331:Rear-rear
5241:Ten-wheel
5231:Six-wheel
5221:Two-wheel
5133:Fuel cell
5073:Biodiesel
5040:Tow truck
5015:Pedal car
4995:Connected
4967:Vis-à-vis
4942:Targa top
4887:Panel van
4882:Notchback
4862:Limousine
4852:Landaulet
4842:Hatchback
4787:Barchetta
4755:S-segment
4750:M-segment
4745:J-segment
4740:F-segment
4735:E-segment
4730:D-segment
4725:C-segment
4720:B-segment
4715:A-segment
4626:Hot hatch
4603:Coupe SUV
4537:Executive
4499:Lead sled
4476:Full-size
4456:Supermini
3699:webcg.net
3432:交通タイムス社.
3411:gazoo.com
3356:toyota.jp
3336:15 August
3154:USA Today
3103:1059-1028
2093:europa.eu
1993:"minivan"
1834:mini MPVs
1826:supermini
1807:ludospace
1610:Zeekr 009
1590:Buick GL8
1521:Indonesia
1503:Buick GL8
1497:In 1999,
1492:Zeekr 009
1427:in 1997.
1210:"Minivan"
1048:The 1984
896:"Minivan"
828:Kia Rondo
676:Mazda MPV
423:Chevy Van
332:in 2005.
270:wheelbase
192:The term
188:Etymology
91:hatchback
87:sedan car
83:M-segment
5480:Minivans
5454:Category
5431:W engine
5416:Straight
5173:Hydrogen
5138:Fuel gas
5103:Electric
4978:vehicles
4917:Runabout
4867:Microvan
4857:Liftback
4847:Kammback
4832:Fastback
4807:Cab over
4797:Brougham
4542:Personal
4514:T-bucket
4504:Lowrider
4471:Mid-size
4371:Archived
3783:0car.top
3621:くるまのニュース
3596:visor.ph
3043:Autoblog
2733:31 March
2708:31 March
2431:30 March
2405:30 March
2374:Hemmings
2232:30 March
1838:liftgate
1680:Mini MPV
1674:Mini MPV
1644:Lexus LM
1608:and the
1586:Lexus LM
1414:Lexus LM
1359:cab over
1332:Japanese
1089:Eurovans
402:layout.
392:Fiat 600
326:Chrysler
303:Interior
285:liftgate
226:and the
149:Chrysler
142:mini MPV
43:Mini Van
5426:V (Vee)
5401:H-block
5167:plug-in
5165: (
5150: (
5120: (
5118:Ethanol
5107:battery
5105: (
5078:Biofuel
5068:Autogas
5035:Taxicab
5010:Gyrocar
5005:Go-kart
4952:Touring
4947:Torpedo
4892:Phaeton
4872:Minibus
4837:Hardtop
4682:Economy
4677:Classic
4672:Antique
4656:Go-kart
4588:Compact
4565:Leisure
4560:Compact
4494:Hot rod
4466:Compact
4434:By size
4343:4 March
4317:4 March
4291:4 March
4239:4 March
4162:4 March
4136:4 March
4111:2 March
4019:6 March
3993:6 March
3967:6 March
3942:6 March
3917:6 March
3838:6 March
3813:6 March
3760:7 March
3731:2 March
3705:2 March
3679:2 March
3653:2 March
3627:2 March
3601:10 June
3575:10 June
3570:Autocar
3550:2 March
3523:2 March
3470:2 March
3444:2 March
3417:2 March
3386:2 March
3361:2 March
3287:3 April
3236:2 March
3211:2 March
3185:11 June
3159:4 March
3133:4 March
3108:4 March
3074:2 March
3048:2 March
3023:2 March
2997:6 March
2948:6 March
2870:2 March
2844:2 March
2683:26 July
2632:2 March
2606:3 March
2580:2 March
2554:4 March
2548:Togo RV
2528:4 March
2379:26 July
2312:26 July
2286:4 March
2202:Gizmodo
2067:3 March
2035:3 March
1926:unibody
1846:H-point
1345:Miniban
1340:Hepburn
1235:scholar
1039:History
921:scholar
585:History
419:Corvair
353:minivan
262:one-box
258:two-box
213:Chassis
194:minivan
157:Renault
126:H-point
69:) is a
63:Minivan
33:Midibus
29:Minibus
5449:Portal
5436:Wankel
5361:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5284:Layout
5163:Hybrid
5098:Diesel
5088:Biogas
4782:Baquet
4631:Muscle
4613:Sports
4524:Luxury
4486:Custom
4461:Family
4419:design
4360:Videos
3259:
3101:
2918:. CNBC
2678:Allpar
2307:Forbes
2261:17 May
2003:30 May
1758:
1716:
1567:Hongqi
1410:luxury
1402:hybrid
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1140:Mégane
1104:, and
923:
916:
909:
902:
894:
853:Europe
835:Mazda5
667:, and
524:, and
415:Falcon
155:) and
5386:Boxer
5264:Front
5193:Steam
4962:T-top
4817:Coupe
4665:Other
4651:Super
4441:Micro
3095:Wired
2792:2 May
2763:2 May
2657:2 May
2207:2 May
2100:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
2057:(PDF)
2025:(PDF)
1559:Buick
1555:Lexus
1529:India
1473:China
1318:2023
1301:2000
1284:1982
1242:JSTOR
1228:books
1167:Japan
1146:2000s
1079:1990s
1044:1980s
1021:2020
1004:2004
987:2001
970:1989
928:JSTOR
914:books
780:2004
757:2017
686:1990s
598:1985
260:or a
159:(the
81:) or
5391:Flat
5274:Rear
4636:Pony
4598:Mini
4570:Mini
4379:2020
4345:2022
4319:2022
4293:2022
4267:2022
4241:2022
4216:2022
4190:2022
4164:2022
4138:2022
4113:2022
4087:2018
4021:2022
3995:2022
3969:2022
3944:2022
3919:2022
3892:2022
3866:2022
3840:2022
3815:2022
3790:2022
3762:2022
3733:2022
3707:2022
3681:2022
3655:2022
3629:2022
3603:2023
3577:2023
3552:2022
3525:2022
3499:2018
3472:2022
3446:2022
3419:2022
3388:2022
3363:2022
3338:2023
3289:2019
3257:ISBN
3238:2022
3213:2022
3187:2022
3161:2022
3135:2022
3110:2022
3099:ISSN
3076:2022
3050:2022
3025:2022
2999:2022
2950:2022
2924:2015
2898:2015
2872:2022
2846:2022
2821:2018
2794:2017
2765:2016
2735:2019
2710:2019
2685:2022
2659:2016
2634:2022
2608:2022
2582:2022
2556:2022
2530:2022
2505:2020
2482:2020
2456:2020
2433:2019
2407:2019
2381:2022
2355:2014
2314:2022
2288:2022
2263:2024
2234:2019
2209:2016
2183:2012
2153:2020
2127:2020
2069:2019
2037:2019
2005:2017
1976:2021
1940:and
1916:and
1817:and
1705:and
1565:and
1384:The
1377:and
1336:ミニバン
1214:news
1162:Asia
900:news
845:and
818:The
644:and
614:and
409:and
398:and
371:, a
363:The
178:SUVs
176:and
140:and
132:and
116:and
54:The
5269:Mid
5122:E85
5112:NEV
4777:2+2
4692:Van
4687:Ute
4580:SUV
4446:Kei
4417:Car
1894:AUV
1888:An
1828:or
1803:LAV
1563:BMW
1197:by
1033:van
883:by
824:Kia
633:."
97:or
95:SUV
75:MPV
67:van
31:or
5476::
4707:EU
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