683:. For the vesicular andesite, up to 15% of phenocrysts are olivine, augite, and hypersthene, with a maximum length of 0.071 inches (1.8 mm). The other andesitic lava is nonvesicular and traveled further down the sides of the volcano. These deposits are more aphyric (lacking any phenocrysts) and have a blue gray color with thin white streaks running subparallel to flows. The phenocrysts for these flows include plagioclase, augite, hypersthene, and olivine.
526:
31:
679:. The vesicular lava flows are frequently observed near the summit of the volcano with white plagioclase phenocrysts made of sodic labradorite. In general, basaltic andesite deposits are 75–80% plagioclase, 8–10% clinopyroxene, and 8–10% orthopyroxene, with olivine ranging from 2–5%, typically occurring in an altered form as
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Pelican Butte last erupted within the past 700,000 years. Dating for its last eruptive activity is unclear; it has clearly not erupted since it was covered by glaciers about 12,000 years ago, though it probably has not erupted for 60,000 years. According to Wood and Kienle (1990), most eruptions took
808:
Pelican Butte has a fire lookout that first consisted of an L-4 lookout on a cable pole tower. It was replaced in 1954 by a timber tower, which was replaced again in 1966 with an R6 lookout on a timber tower. The current metal lookout tower was built in 1986 and is maintained by the United
560:
The continuity of the
Quaternary Cascade arc is interrupted at several points, including a potential gap between Pelican Butte and the Big Bunchgrass shield volcano to the north. Running for 11 miles (17 km) in length, the reach has fewer volcanic vents than the rest of the Quaternary Cascades,
713:
Imagination Peak is a scoria cone with lava flows northwest of
Pelican Butte. Imagination Peak and Brown Mountain are both part of the McLoughlin Reach with Pelican Butte. Brown Mountain is also a shield volcano with a volume of 1 cubic mile (4.2 km). Dated to between 60,000 and 12,000 years
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of the summit places the volcano at 540,000 years old. According to the Global
Volcanism Program, Pelican Butte has not erupted since the Pleistocene. In general, Pelican Butte and other andesitic volcanoes in the McLoughlin reach are not thought to be long-lived eruptive centers, though when
714:
old, it produced basaltic andesite lava flows that have not been heavily eroded, but during
Pleistocene glacial advance, ice streams on the volcano ate away at the cinder cone that formed Brown Mountain's summit. This formed a glacial cirque with a bowl shape on the northeastern flank.
694:
content than other lava erupted by the volcano, which may reflect heterogeneity in the source for the erupted material. The volcanic rock in the intrusive conduit in
Pelican Butte's central vent is identical to the lava flows found in the Pelican Butte deposits.
537:, encompassing 33 vents over an area of 357 square miles (925 km). The vent zone ranges from 9.3 to 15.5 miles (15 to 25 km) in width. Compared to the nearby vent zone surrounding Mount Mazama, it has a lower density of volcanic vents, no
800:
among young
Klamath Native Americans. When white settlers reached the area, they began hunting, trapping beaver and marten, and grazing stock in the Sky Lakes wilderness area. The United States Forest Service began building trails and
848:. The peak of Pelican Butte offers a 180 degree view of the Cascades stretching from south of Crater Lake to Mount McLoughlin. A winter use trail for the volcano is operated by the Klamath Basin Snowdrifters Snowmobile Club. The
335:
that mark the eastern border of the
Cascades. The volcano reaches an elevation of 8,037 feet (2,450 m). Pelican Butte has steep sides, and despite erosion from glaciers, its original shape is mostly preserved. During the
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4 million dollars in planning for a ski area on
Pelican Butte. As of 2017, there were no plans to develop a ski area on the mountain according to an official representing the Fremont-Winema National Forest administration.
1652:
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eruptive activity, which was mostly covered by lava flows before it was eroded over time by glaciation, which lowered the cone's elevation significantly. Eruptive activity at
Pelican Butte was mildly
71:
1666:
572:
Pelican Butte is a shield volcano. It sits on basaltic andesite erupted during the
Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Samples from the volcano have 58 to 60 percent
844:. The road is only open during snow-free months during the summer. The last few miles of the road are steep and narrow, but they are accessible by vehicles with high
705:
sits adjacent to lava flows on the western flank of the volcano, though the fault did not move the deposits, suggesting this lava was erupted 1.17 million years ago.
340:
epoch, glaciers formed a canyon and a cirque on the northeastern side of the volcano; they also reduced the summit elevation several tens of meters and carved out an
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on the mountain since the 1960s. These efforts were consistently opposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and local residents. During the 1990s and into 2001,
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States Forest Service. Located at an elevation of 7,994 feet (2,437 m), it was voted the ugliest fire lookout in the state of Oregon by members of the
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also live on the mountain. Some of the lakes in the area are stocked with game fish. Klamath Lake near Pelican Butte is home to sucker fish, including the
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combined their erupted material surpasses the eruptive volume of longer-lived mafic volcanoes like Mount McLoughlin. It is unclear whether the volcano is
628:
based on eroded areas with breccia between lava flows, though breccia is not well-exposed elsewhere on the mountain. Near the summit of Pelican Butte,
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people first hunted and gathered huckleberries in the area thousands of years ago. Mountains in the Cascades sometimes served as the setting for the
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367:. It is about 33 percent larger than Mount McLoughlin. Pelican Butte is the most prominent shield volcano in the southern Oregon Cascades.
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sit near the summit, which are partly covered by andesitic lava flows that have been eroded over time. The summit of Pelican Butte also has a
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into spheres. These outcrops typically range from 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) in length, rarely exceeding 90 feet (27 m), forming
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that range from 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to 9.1 m) in width. One andesitic deposit with block lava has a vesicular texture with
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608:. These phenocrysts are relatively sparse among the lava flows. A second type of andesitic lava created thinner flows with
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designated the Sky Lakes Wilderness area in 1984. The area includes the Waldo Tree, which was inscribed by politician and
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development on the northeast flanks of the volcano, but there are no current plans to develop a ski area on the mountain.
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or early Quaternary. Northward of this reach, the Quaternary Cascades run continuously for 310 miles (500 km).
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Pelican Butte is part of the Quaternary Mount McLoughlin Reach, a volcanic vent zone that runs from the volcano to
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in 1888, as well as Twin Ponds Trail, which follows the same route as a military wagon road from the 1860s.
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into the northeast flank of the mountain. Several proposals have been made over the last few decades for
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1695:"Food Habits of Northern Spotted Owls in High Elevation Forests of Pelican Butte, Southwestern Oregon"
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1973:
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1996:
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659:. The lava flows range in color from black to dark-blue-gray with relatively few phenocrysts and a
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appearance. Along the southwestern flank of the volcano, pyroxene basaltic andesite deposits form
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Pelican Butte has a large volume at 4.8 cubic miles (20 km), making it one of the bigger
320:, which encompasses 113,849 acres (460.73 km) of land in southern Oregon operated by the
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passes through the Sky Lakes wilderness area, running about 35 miles (56 km) in length.
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dominates certain areas; at elevations of 5,740 feet (1,750 m), the red fir as well as
324:. The wilderness area ranges in elevation from 3,800 to 9,495 feet (1,158 to 2,894 m).
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as well as olivine, augite, and hypersthene. It is believed that the volcano is made up of
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volcanic rock, and a lower volume of eruptive material produced during the Quaternary.
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331:, Pelican Butte is disconnected from the main axis, having formed above a network of
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Eruptions at Pelican Butte built a summit cone with tuff breccia and lapilli during
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is the predominant volcanic rock in the McLoughlin Reach, though Pelican Butte is
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2014:
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lists the elevation of Pelican Butte as 8,037 feet (2,450 m). However, the
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1983:
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as living at Pelican Butte. Less common animals that served as prey included
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Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (3rd ed.)
860:
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648:
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550:
258:
250:
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30:
1920:
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place less than 200,000 years ago. However, Gorman (1994) reports that
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633:
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247:
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lists the Pelican Butte summit elevation as 8,035 feet (2,449 m).
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Pelican Butte is named after nearby Pelican Bay, at the north end of
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Geologic map of the Pelican Butte quadrangle, Klamath County, Oregon
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runs all the way to the summit of the mountain, branching north off
344:
conduit in the volcano. The volcano is no longer heavily glaciated.
1774:
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Pelican Butte has been the focus of perennial efforts to develop a
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in the Cascade Range, approaching the size of some of the Cascades
672:
620:
texture, the lava has phenocrysts of white plagioclase with sodic
562:
524:
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and its prey species, scientists identified animals including the
383:
trees dominate. At an elevation of 5,410 feet (1,650 m), the
1479:"Deschutes & Ochoco National Forests – Pelican Butte Volcano"
993:
991:
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is present on the summit of the volcano and is maintained by the
759:
629:
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483:
463:
1893:
1728:
Petrology and geochemistry of the Pelican Butte area, S. Oregon
1730:. North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America.
864:
443:
375:
On the volcano, at about 4,430 feet (1,350 m) elevation,
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1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
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closer to the summit of the volcano. With a finer grain and
1776:
Quaternary Magmatism in the Cascades, Geologic Perspectives
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
276:. A gravel road runs up to the summit of the mountain from
1779:. United States Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1744
889:
lists its elevation as 8,015 feet (2,443 m), and the
725:
does not list any specific subfeatures for Pelican Butte.
1418:
1416:
1403:
1401:
1364:
1362:
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are more dominant around the Sky Lakes wilderness area's
1260:
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followed existing channels forming glassy deposits with
686:
There is one distinct geochemical sample with a higher
1437:
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442:
Animals that live in the Sky Lakes Wilderness include
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1229:
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1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
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become predominant. Close to the summit, endangered
238:. It is located 28 miles (45 km) due south of
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107:
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23:
647:and andesite, with minerals including plagioclase
1646:
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997:
785:Ancestral Native American groups related to the
580:basaltic andesite and andesite lava with normal
1113:"Sky Lakes Wilderness: Rogue River-Siskiyou NF"
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
933:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
782:previously listed it under the name Lost Peak.
557:and the dissected Devils Peak volcanic cone.
1905:
300:. It is about 28 miles (45 km) south of
8:
1308:"Snowcat skiing considered on Pelican Butte"
1301:
1299:
1297:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
529:Pelican Butte as seen from Mount McLoughlin
407:is also common at higher elevations, while
1912:
1898:
1890:
1507:
1288:
1276:
1206:
1181:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
643:Eruptive material at the volcano includes
474:. In a study of relationships between the
20:
1653:"Rumor trail: No plans for Pelican Butte"
359:. Its volume makes it one of the largest
1693:Cutler, T.L.; Hays, D.W. (Autumn 1991).
1550:United States Department of the Interior
1465:
1453:
1422:
1407:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1245:
758:, later switching to thinner flows with
1530:
1528:
907:
780:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
304:and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of
242:and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of
3178:John Day Fossil Beds National Monument
1792:Wood, C. A.; Kienle, J., eds. (1990).
1604:. Trailkeepers of Oregon. July 1, 2023
1519:
1441:
1264:
1076:"Sky Lakes Wilderness: Fremont-Winema"
1016:
3404:Shield volcanoes of the United States
3138:Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin
1233:
958:
956:
954:
952:
915:
913:
911:
7:
937:United States Department of Commerce
805:during the early 20th century.
3459:Volcanoes of Klamath County, Oregon
3449:Mountains of Klamath County, Oregon
1541:Geographic Names Information System
887:Geographic Names Information System
1576:National Historic Lookout Register
565:vents that have been dated to the
14:
1753:Mountain Press Publishing Company
1651:Liedtke, K. (February 28, 2017).
553:in composition along with nearby
16:Mountain in Oregon, United States
576:, and the volcano is made up of
419:is also found sporadically. The
29:
1863:United States Geological Survey
1838:Oregon Historical Society Press
1546:United States Geological Survey
1339:"Wildlife: Klamath Sucker Fish"
811:Forest Fire Lookout Association
584:. For the lower volcano, thick
468:golden-mantled ground squirrels
316:, Pelican Butte is part of the
3454:Fremont–Winema National Forest
314:Fremont–Winema National Forest
266:Fremont-Winema National Forest
87:42.513428508°N 122.145281964°W
1:
3439:Fire lookout towers in Oregon
1732:Geological Society of America
883:U.S. National Geodetic Survey
446:in the summer to early fall,
395:trees support populations of
3464:Pleistocene shield volcanoes
3190:Lava Butte (Basin and Range)
3110:Devils Garden Volcanic Field
2986:Lava Butte (Newberry/Tumalo)
2905:Willamette National Cemetery
2406:Sand Mountain Volcanic Field
1726:Gorman, C. (April 1, 1994).
1628:United States Forest Service
1598:"Judge Waldo Tree Loop Hike"
1306:Barnard, J. (July 5, 2002).
1148:United States Forest Service
1117:United States Forest Service
1080:United States Forest Service
998:McArthur & McArthur 1992
482:, Bushy-tailed woodrat, and
322:United States Forest Service
288:Pelican Butte is located in
274:United States Forest Service
264:Pelican Butte is within the
92:42.513428508; -122.145281964
54:8,037 ft (2,450 m)
3281:Columbia River Basalt Group
3163:Harney Basin Volcanic Field
2862:Southern Oregon Coast Range
2507:Tom Dick and Harry Mountain
351:volcanoes in the region of
3480:
3006:Oregon Badlands Wilderness
2895:Upper and Lower Table Rock
2180:Little Chinquapin Mountain
1798:Cambridge University Press
1794:Volcanoes of North America
1624:"Pelican Butte Snow Trail"
1313:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
35:Pelican Butte from across
3358:Cobb-Eickelberg Seamounts
2038:Davis Lake Volcanic Field
504:Klamath smallscale sucker
500:Klamath largescale sucker
302:Crater Lake National Park
28:
3054:Wildcat Mountain Caldera
969:Global Volcanism Program
929:National Geodetic Survey
891:Global Volcanism Program
719:Global Volcanism Program
480:Northern flying squirrel
327:While still part of the
308:. It is accessible from
3368:Devils Elbow State Park
3316:Saddle Mountains Basalt
3143:Four Craters Lava Field
2767:Mount Scott (Clackamas)
1825:Oregon Geographic Names
1699:Northwestern Naturalist
1572:"Pelican Butte Lookout"
974:Smithsonian Institution
895:Smithsonian Institution
774:. It was also known by
723:Smithsonian Institution
3233:Squaw Ridge Lava Field
3223:Powder River Volcanics
3219:Powder River Volcanics
2852:Siletz River Volcanics
2726:Little Butte Volcanics
2532:Tumalo Volcanic Center
2194:Lost Lake Cinder Cones
1747:Harris, S. L. (2005).
1663:Adams Publishing Group
1508:Wood & Kienle 1990
1289:Cutler & Hays 1991
1277:Cutler & Hays 1991
1207:Wood & Kienle 1990
1182:Wood & Kienle 1990
1144:"Sky Lakes Wilderness"
818:United States Congress
530:
423:of forest consists of
3041:Smith Rock State Park
2951:Crooked River Caldera
2928:Bald Mountain Caldera
2291:Mount Scott (Klamath)
2176:Little Cache Mountain
1855:Smith, J. G. (1988).
1318:Hearst Communications
528:
312:. Located within the
3409:Subduction volcanoes
3248:Strawberry Volcanics
2797:Oregon's Matterhorns
2351:Pine Marten Mountain
2325:Oregon's Matterhorns
1734:. pp. 137–140.
1669:on February 28, 2017
822:Oregon Supreme Court
561:including 10 eroded
496:American bald eagles
494:as well as insects.
476:northern spotted owl
452:American black bears
318:Sky Lakes Wilderness
185:Cascade Volcanic Arc
3429:Landmarks in Oregon
3424:Mountains of Oregon
3419:Volcanoes of Oregon
3353:Brown Bear Seamount
3301:Hat Rock State Park
3286:Grande Ronde Basalt
3243:Strawberry Mountain
2956:Deschutes Formation
2558:Williamson Mountain
2474:Three Fingered Jack
2443:South Pinhead Butte
2313:North Pinhead Butte
2029:Cupit Mary Mountain
1997:Chinquapin Mountain
1552:. November 28, 1980
1154:on January 15, 2010
863:invested more than
850:Pacific Crest Trail
492:Townsend's chipmunk
397:Clark's nutcrackers
268:. A Forest Service
83: /
3340:Juan de Fuca Ridge
3168:Hole-in-the-Ground
3045:Tea Table Mountain
2885:Tualatin Mountains
2582:Oregon Coast Range
2551:West Pinhead Butte
2184:Little Nash Crater
2161:Little Aspen Butte
772:Upper Klamath Lake
531:
393:western white pine
310:Oregon Highway 140
270:fire lookout tower
57: NAVD 88
44:Highest point
3444:Dormant volcanoes
3414:Cascade Volcanoes
3386:
3385:
3194:Mahogany Mountain
2971:Gearhart Mountain
2730:Little Pilot Rock
2640:Crescent Mountain
2615:Boring Lava Field
2426:Sheridan Mountain
2092:Greylock Mountain
1861:(Map). 1:62,500.
1847:978-0-87595-237-6
1510:, p. 195–96.
1483:US Forest Service
547:Basaltic andesite
511:Lost River sucker
226:is a steep-sided
221:
220:
59:
3471:
3399:Buttes of Oregon
3268:Columbia Plateau
3209:Mutton Mountains
3049:Wildcat Mountain
3001:Ochoco Mountains
2996:Newberry Volcano
2981:Grizzly Mountain
2915:Eastern Cascades
2625:Chamberlain Hill
2578:Western Cascades
2334:Peavine Mountain
2301:Mount Washington
2277:Mount McLoughlin
2223:Maklaks Mountain
2204:Lookout Mountain
2127:Howlock Mountain
2080:Frog Lake Buttes
2001:Clear Lake Butte
1914:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1886:
1866:
1851:
1828:(6th ed.).
1811:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1766:
1743:
1722:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:. Archived from
1648:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1602:OregonHikers.org
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:. Archived from
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1210:
1204:
1185:
1179:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1150:. Archived from
1140:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1072:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1020:
1014:
1001:
995:
986:
985:
983:
981:
960:
947:
946:
944:
943:
917:
880:
846:ground clearance
842:Oregon Route 140
778:as Mongina; the
776:Native Americans
762:and block lava.
729:Eruptive history
515:shortnose sucker
448:American martens
417:Engelmann spruce
405:Mountain hemlock
361:shield volcanoes
306:Mount McLoughlin
292:in southeastern
278:Oregon Route 140
244:Mount McLoughlin
211:
126:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
55:
33:
21:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3330:
3311:Pendleton Vents
3306:Hermiston Butte
3262:
3238:Steens Mountain
3216:Poker Jim Ridge
3213:Pillars of Rome
3118:Diamond Craters
3114:Dooley Mountain
3077:Basin and Range
3071:
3067:Yamsay Mountain
2909:
2842:Saddle Mountain
2807:Pepper Mountain
2738:Lost Lake Butte
2716:Laurel Mountain
2697:Indian Mountain
2678:Harter Mountain
2663:Elk Rock Island
2572:
2568:Zigzag Mountain
2527:Tumalo Mountain
2282:Mount Multnomah
2267:Mount Jefferson
2147:Le Conte Crater
2015:Crater Mountain
1927:
1918:
1879:"Pelican Butte"
1877:
1874:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1820:McArthur, L. L.
1816:McArthur, L. A.
1814:
1808:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1746:
1725:
1711:10.2307/3536802
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1658:Herald and News
1650:
1649:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1536:"Pelican Butte"
1534:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1489:on May 12, 2011
1477:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1429:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1213:
1205:
1188:
1180:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1142:
1141:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1037:"Pelican Butte"
1035:
1034:
1023:
1015:
1004:
996:
989:
979:
977:
964:"Pelican Butte"
962:
961:
950:
941:
939:
919:
918:
909:
904:
877:
874:
834:
795:rite of passage
768:
731:
711:
709:Nearby features
667:that have been
523:
409:lodgepole pines
373:
365:stratovolcanoes
286:
253:carved a large
209:
124:
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
72:
70:
69:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:Axial Seamount
3344:
3342:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3326:Wanapum Basalt
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3253:Tower Mountain
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:Jordan Craters
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:Hager Mountain
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3081:Eastern Oregon
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Hager Mountain
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Three Pyramids
2877:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Olson Mountain
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Mount Sylvania
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2752:Mount Defiance
2749:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:Larch Mountain
2708:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2693:Hunsinger Peak
2690:
2685:
2683:Highland Butte
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Grass Mountain
2665:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:Whiteface Peak
2552:
2549:
2547:Waldo Mountain
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Three Trappers
2494:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Royce Mountain
2388:
2383:
2380:
2379:Robinson Butte
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2347:Pinhead Buttes
2345:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2296:Mount Thielsen
2293:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:Mount Harriman
2254:
2249:
2244:
2242:Mount Bachelor
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2219:Maklaks Crater
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2171:Little Brother
2168:
2166:Little Belknap
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2131:Irish Mountain
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:Forgotten Cone
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Davis Mountain
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1992:Cache Mountain
1989:
1988:Buckskin Butte
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Belknap Crater
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Applegate Peak
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1883:SummitPost.org
1873:
1872:External links
1870:
1868:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1812:
1806:
1789:
1767:
1761:
1744:
1723:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1640:
1615:
1589:
1563:
1524:
1522:, p. 132.
1512:
1500:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1427:
1412:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1356:
1330:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1267:, p. 131.
1250:
1238:
1211:
1209:, p. 195.
1186:
1184:, p. 196.
1165:
1130:
1093:
1054:
1021:
1002:
1000:, p. 658.
987:
948:
925:NGS Data Sheet
906:
905:
903:
900:
899:
898:
873:
870:
833:
830:
824:Chief Justice
767:
764:
730:
727:
710:
707:
555:Brown Mountain
522:
519:
385:Shasta red fir
381:Ponderosa pine
372:
369:
290:Klamath County
285:
282:
228:shield volcano
219:
218:
213:
205:
204:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
173:Shield volcano
170:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
147:
146:
140:
134:
133:
128:
120:
119:
112:Klamath County
109:
105:
104:
100:
99:
67:
61:
60:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3476:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Cascade Range
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:Pacific Coast
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Steens Basalt
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Imnaha Basalt
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Modoc Plateau
3202:
3200:
3199:Malheur Butte
3197:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:Lambert Rocks
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Jackies Butte
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Doherty Slide
3121:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Powell Buttes
3024:
3022:
3021:Pine Mountain
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Bald Mountain
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:Sunshine Rock
2870:
2868:
2867:Spencer Butte
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Roxy Ann Peak
2835:
2833:
2832:Ross Mountain
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Nesmith Point
2785:
2783:
2782:Mount Talbert
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Mount Ashland
2745:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Lookout Point
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Lenhart Butte
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Iron Mountain
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:French's Dome
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Clatsop Butte
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Bone Mountain
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Wizard Island
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:Triangle Peak
2520:
2518:
2517:Triangle Hill
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Timber Crater
2500:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2487:Middle Sister
2484:
2480:
2479:Three Sisters
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Teardrop Pool
2453:
2451:
2450:Talapus Butte
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:South Belknap
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Sentinel Rock
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Sand Mountain
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:Pothole Butte
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Pelican Butte
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Olallie Butte
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2284:(unconfirmed)
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Mount Carmine
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Merriam Point
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Lookout Butte
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Hayrick Butte
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Garfield Peak
2085:
2083:Fuji Mountain
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1933:High Cascades
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
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1807:0-521-43811-X
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1772:
1768:
1764:
1762:0-87842-511-X
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1501:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1468:, p. 64.
1467:
1466:Hildreth 2007
1462:
1459:
1456:, p. 70.
1455:
1454:Hildreth 2007
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1425:, p. 59.
1424:
1423:Hildreth 2007
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:, p. 57.
1409:
1408:Hildreth 2007
1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:, p. 34.
1394:
1393:Hildreth 2007
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:Hildreth 2007
1377:
1374:
1371:, p. 33.
1370:
1369:Hildreth 2007
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1291:, p. 67.
1290:
1285:
1282:
1279:, p. 66.
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1257:
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1251:
1248:, p. 44.
1247:
1246:Hildreth 2007
1242:
1239:
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1228:
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869:
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853:
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843:
839:
831:
829:
827:
826:John B. Waldo
823:
819:
814:
812:
806:
804:
803:fire lookouts
799:
798:vision quests
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
766:Human history
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
737:
728:
726:
724:
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715:
708:
706:
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696:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
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662:
658:
657:orthopyroxene
654:
653:clinopyroxene
650:
646:
641:
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635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
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587:
583:
579:
578:calc-alkaline
575:
570:
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378:
370:
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350:
345:
343:
339:
334:
333:normal faults
330:
329:Cascade Range
325:
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283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
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256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Cascade Range
229:
225:
224:Pelican Butte
217:
214:
212:
210:Easiest route
206:
201:
198:
195:
193:
192:Last eruption
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
171:
169:
168:Mountain type
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
148:
145:Pelican Butte
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
101:
96:
68:
66:
62:
58:
53:
51:
47:
42:
38:
32:
27:
24:Pelican Butte
22:
19:
3378:Yaquina Head
3363:Devils Elbow
3228:Saddle Butte
3158:Harney Basin
3148:Glass Buttes
3101:Clarks Butte
3063:Yainax Ridge
3059:Yainax Butte
3011:Paulina Peak
2946:Cline Buttes
2937:Bly Mountain
2933:Barnes Butte
2817:Powell Butte
2762:Mount Pisgah
2688:High Prairie
2673:Grizzly Peak
2645:Devil's Rest
2635:Cook's Butte
2620:Cascade Head
2537:Twin Craters
2512:Tot Mountain
2491:South Sister
2483:North Sister
2463:The Pinnacle
2446:Summit Butte
2396:Rustler Peak
2343:Phantom Ship
2337:
2316:North Wilson
2305:Mount Wilson
2272:Mount Mazama
2247:Mount Bailey
2232:Merriam Cone
2227:Melvin Butte
2209:Lumrum Butte
2144:Lemiti Butte
2135:Katsuk Butte
2122:Hoodoo Butte
2112:Hillman Peak
2102:Hamner Butte
2063:Dutton Cliff
2053:Diamond Peak
2025:Cryder Butte
1979:Black Crater
1960:Barlow Butte
1882:
1857:
1824:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1775:
1771:Hildreth, W.
1748:
1727:
1705:(2): 66–69.
1702:
1698:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1656:
1631:. Retrieved
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1539:
1515:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1473:
1461:
1449:
1444:, p. 2.
1388:
1383:, p. 6.
1376:
1347:. Retrieved
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1311:
1284:
1272:
1241:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
1121:. Retrieved
1084:. Retrieved
1045:. Retrieved
1019:, p. 1.
978:. Retrieved
967:
940:. Retrieved
924:
878:
854:
835:
815:
807:
784:
769:
749:
732:
716:
712:
697:
685:
642:
632:breccia and
571:
559:
532:
441:
374:
357:Mount Shasta
346:
326:
287:
263:
234:of southern
223:
222:
180:Volcanic arc
125:Parent range
18:
3373:Heceta Head
3258:Warner Peak
3105:Clarno Unit
3098:Chalk Basin
3094:Black Hills
3031:Round Butte
3016:Pilot Butte
2966:Horse Ridge
2900:Walker Peak
2827:Rogers Peak
2822:Rocky Butte
2802:Palmer Peak
2777:Mount Tabor
2706:Kelly Butte
2650:East Buttes
2595:Armet Creek
2590:Angels Rest
2459:The Husband
2375:Ringo Butte
2320:Odell Butte
2309:Nash Crater
2214:Maiden Peak
2189:Lolah Butte
2140:Kwolh Butte
2097:Grouse Hill
2048:Desert Cone
2020:Crater Peak
2010:Crater Lake
1974:Black Butte
1951:Bald Crater
1946:Aspen Butte
1520:Harris 2005
1442:Gorman 1994
1343:Oregon Wild
1265:Harris 2005
1041:Oregon Wild
1017:Gorman 1994
838:gravel road
752:pyroclastic
736:K–Ar dating
651:, olivine,
638:cinder cone
622:labradorite
602:hypersthene
594:plagioclase
590:phenocrysts
425:huckleberry
377:Douglas fir
353:Crater Lake
338:Pleistocene
240:Crater Lake
197:Pleistocene
161:Pleistocene
156:Age of rock
90: /
78:122°08′43″W
65:Coordinates
37:Agency Lake
3393:Categories
3128:Drake Peak
3036:Smith Rock
2991:Monkeyface
2976:Gray Butte
2875:Swede Hill
2847:Scout Camp
2812:Pilot Rock
2757:Mount Hebo
2742:Marys Peak
2542:Union Peak
2435:Sisi Butte
2431:Siah Butte
2421:Sharp Peak
2411:Scout Hill
2382:Rock Butte
2370:Red Crater
2262:Mount Hood
2077:Fort Butte
2033:Danger Bay
1984:Broken Top
1964:Bear Butte
1956:Ball Butte
1783:January 2,
1234:Smith 1988
942:2008-04-01
902:References
857:ski resort
832:Recreation
681:iddingsite
592:including
586:lava flows
535:Aspen Lake
508:endangered
506:, and the
421:understory
349:Quaternary
75:42°30′48″N
3276:Boat Rock
3133:Fort Rock
2941:China Hat
2857:Snow Peak
2658:Elk Point
2605:Battle Ax
2467:The Twins
2386:Rock Mesa
2287:Mount Ray
2156:Llao Rock
2117:Hogg Rock
2068:Egan Cone
2058:Dry Butte
2005:Cleetwood
1921:Volcanoes
1822:(1992) .
1633:March 16,
1608:April 19,
1582:March 22,
1556:March 20,
1493:April 19,
1158:April 19,
1123:April 19,
1086:April 19,
1047:March 22,
980:March 20,
921:"Pelican"
756:explosive
669:weathered
618:vesicular
551:andesitic
488:Deer mice
437:manzanita
429:snowbrush
413:subalpine
401:gray jays
389:white fir
342:intrusive
298:Fish Lake
284:Geography
216:Dirt road
103:Geography
50:Elevation
3291:Hat Rock
3089:Big Hole
2470:The Wife
2365:Red Cone
2358:Redcloud
2151:Llao Bay
1830:Portland
1773:(2007).
1673:March 9,
1349:March 9,
1323:March 9,
861:Jeld-Wen
692:chromium
665:outcrops
649:feldspar
582:polarity
567:Pliocene
259:ski area
251:glaciers
203:Climbing
138:Topo map
131:Cascades
108:Location
2890:TV Hill
2361:Red Box
1740:7141004
1719:3536802
1686:Sources
893:of the
791:Takelma
787:Klamath
745:dormant
741:extinct
721:of the
677:zeolite
634:lapilli
626:breccia
606:olivine
543:silicic
539:dacitic
521:Geology
472:ospreys
460:coyotes
456:cougars
433:heather
415:lakes;
371:Ecology
248:Ice age
230:in the
150:Geology
3338:&
3079:&
2580:&
1925:Oregon
1844:
1834:Oregon
1804:
1759:
1738:
1717:
1578:. 2024
1345:. 2019
1119:. 2024
1082:. 2024
1043:. 2019
976:. 2013
688:nickel
673:ridges
661:glassy
655:, and
645:basalt
614:scoria
610:blocks
604:, and
598:augite
574:silica
502:, the
470:, and
435:, and
294:Oregon
255:cirque
236:Oregon
118:, U.S.
116:Oregon
2600:Baldy
1715:JSTOR
872:Notes
703:scarp
700:fault
563:mafic
484:voles
464:pikas
296:near
1842:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1785:2023
1757:ISBN
1736:OSTI
1675:2024
1635:2023
1610:2024
1584:2024
1558:2023
1495:2024
1351:2024
1325:2024
1160:2024
1125:2024
1088:2024
1049:2024
982:2023
881:The
816:The
789:and
760:ʻaʻā
717:The
690:and
630:tuff
612:and
513:and
490:and
399:and
379:and
355:and
143:USGS
1923:of
1707:doi
865:USD
743:or
541:or
444:elk
439:.
3395::
2489:,
2485:,
1881:.
1840:.
1836::
1832:,
1818:;
1800:.
1796:.
1755:.
1751:.
1713:.
1703:72
1701:.
1697:.
1661:.
1655:.
1643:^
1626:.
1600:.
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1538:.
1527:^
1481:.
1430:^
1415:^
1400:^
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1310:.
1296:^
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1168:^
1146:.
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951:^
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910:^
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698:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
