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probably originated in the western
Atlantic Ocean but has spread and now is widely distributed in warm waters throughout the world. It was first detected in Hawaii in 1928. It is found in shallow water attached to hard surfaces, on both rocks and man-made structures, in locations with some water
444:. Gonophores may remain attached to the parent colony, but usually become detached. Each colony produces gonophores of one sex. Male gonophores soon eject white sperm into the water and females emit up to six eggs. After fertilisation, each
424:
on the threadlike tentacles at the base of the polyp. The crown bends over to receive the item, which is then killed by the more powerful nematocysts at the tip of the crown tentacles and thrust into the mouth.
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movement. On reefs, it tends to be in less-exposed positions and in crevices. This hydrozoan forms part of the community of organisms known as the
832:
645:
Coelenterate
Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 1989
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Tezcan, Özgür D.; Sarp, Sedat (2013). "An unusual marine envenomation following a rope contact: A report on nine cases of dermatitis caused by
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are common in the
Mediterranean Sea growing on rocks close to the surface. This species has been used in research into prey capture.
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giving it a muddy appearance. The whitish polyps are tinged with red. Each polyp has ten to eighteen slender, filiform
754:
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432:, during which process new feeding polyps are formed. Reproduction is by the budding of reproductive polyps known as
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consist of numerous much-branched stems up to 30 cm (12 in) high. The branching system is alternate. The
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for some time, this finds a suitable hard surface on which to settle and start a new colony.
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at its base and up to twelve tentacles with knobbed tips surrounding its terminal mouth.
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are tiny and are supported by a hydrocaulus, a fairly stiff hollow tube with a
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Marine
Conservation Biology: The Science of Maintaining the Sea's Biodiversity
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404:, and has spread around the world as a result of man's maritime activities.
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Williams, R.B.; Cornelius, P.F.S.; Hughes, R.G.; Robson, E.A. (2012).
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occurred in several people who came into contact with a rope on which
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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that float by. The prey is often captured and immobilised by
376:. This is dark brown or blackish, but is often colonised by
648:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 607–612.
716:
550:. Bishop Museum Technical Reports. Archived from
448:develops within a day or so into a free-swimming
416:spread out their tentacles to catch any small
8:
600:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
464:It has been reported that an acute, painful
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337:, is a species of athecate hydroid in the
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580:. Cengage Learning. pp. 162–163.
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861:70cc8944-e378-4fbf-8e88-ff8305fa6268
535:Eldredge, L.G.; Smith, C.M. (2001).
621:. Island Press. pp. 123–124.
14:
578:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
506:World Register of Marine Species
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452:larva. After drifting with the
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687:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.019
548:Hawaii Biological Survey 2001
957:
615:Soulé, Michael E. (2005).
941:Animals described in 1820
492:Schuchert, Peter (2015).
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41:Scientific classification
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30:
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180:Corydendrium splendidum
335:Christmas tree hydroid
325:
323:
557:on 25 September 2012
428:The colony grows by
333:, also known as the
293:von Lendenfeld, 1885
245:von Lendenfeld, 1885
234:Halocordyle fragilis
228:Halocordyle disticha
220:Halocordyle disticha
16:Species of hydrozoan
298:Pennaria symmetrica
212:Halocordyle cooperi
326:
261:Delle Chiaje, 1841
250:Pennaria australis
204:Globiceps tiarella
923:
922:
882:Open Tree of Life
747:Pennaria_disticha
718:Pennaria disticha
710:Taxon identifiers
671:Pennaria disticha
655:978-94-011-3240-4
628:978-1-59726-771-7
587:978-81-315-0104-7
539:Pennaria disticha
496:Pennaria disticha
472:was growing as a
470:Pennaria disticha
414:Pennaria disticha
402:fouling community
397:Pennaria disticha
368:(sheath) made of
358:Pennaria disticha
330:Pennaria disticha
318:
317:
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306:Pennaria tiarella
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286:
282:Pennaria pacifica
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274:Pennaria inornata
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150:Pennaria disticha
25:Pennaria disticha
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474:fouling organism
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269:L. Agassiz, 1860
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266:Pennaria gibbosa
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258:Pennaria caulini
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242:Pennaria adamsia
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223:(Goldfuss, 1820)
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196:Euphysa globator
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132:P. disticha
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412:The polyps of
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559:. Retrieved
552:the original
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509:. Retrieved
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392:Distribution
357:
356:Colonies of
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301:Clarke, 1879
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285:Clarke, 1907
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277:Brooks, 1883
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936:Pennariidae
895:SeaLifeBase
807:iNaturalist
681:: 125–128.
422:nematocysts
418:zooplankton
352:Description
342:Pennariidae
207:Ayres, 1854
191:Leidy, 1855
183:Boone, 1938
108:Pennariidae
930:Categories
480:References
466:dermatitis
442:life cycle
434:gonophores
253:Bale, 1884
596:cite book
386:tentacles
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
825:10838230
733:Q2591429
727:Wikidata
695:23174519
561:16 March
511:16 March
460:Toxicity
454:plankton
366:perisarc
346:Colonies
166:Synonyms
157:Goldfuss
119:Pennaria
104:Family:
88:Hydrozoa
78:Cnidaria
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
799:5185730
675:Toxicon
450:planula
430:budding
408:Ecology
382:diatoms
374:protein
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
913:117802
887:707213
874:117802
858:NZOR:
851:264068
812:195464
760:667941
693:
652:
625:
584:
446:embryo
438:medusa
436:, the
370:chitin
362:polyps
339:family
324:Colony
159:, 1820
908:WoRMS
900:43058
838:48992
820:IRMNG
786:37802
781:EUNIS
773:76JN9
555:(PDF)
544:(PDF)
502:WoRMS
378:algae
869:OBIS
846:NCBI
833:ITIS
794:GBIF
755:BOLD
691:PMID
650:ISBN
623:ISBN
602:link
582:ISBN
563:2016
513:2016
380:and
372:and
174:List
768:CoL
742:AFD
683:doi
673:".
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
