Knowledge (XXG)

Penclawdd

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Two of the sheep died of anthrax poisoning. Others fell sick but recovered. All the surviving sheep were slaughtered after seven days and their bodies buried at the edge of the estuary marshland. The scientists believed that the incoming and outgoing tide had disinfected the land and no warnings were
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At about 5p.m. on Wednesday, 28 October 1942, a Bristol Blenheim bomber crossed the Burry estuary at a height of 5,000 feet. Over the north Gower salt marshes, the plane dropped a single bomb. The local residents didn't know it, but they’d just become part of the army's biowarfare experiments.
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In January 1987, Parliament finally confirmed what Penclawdd residents already knew. Their estuary was used for anthrax testing during the war. The records had been designated Top Secret until 1975. In 1987, with the public confirmation the bombing had happened, the records were downgraded to
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At the time of the experiments, scientists believed that the tide had "effectively decontaminated" the entire area. The locals were not convinced. Mass cockle die-offs in the estuary in 2009 again reignited the debate about whether or not the area was contaminated with anthrax. Llanelli MP
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from the extensive sandy flats in the Burry Estuary and the cockles harvested there are sold worldwide. Up until the 1970s, cockle gathering was a traditional female occupation with women using hand-rakes and riddles (coarse sieves) with the help of donkey carts.
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Apart from work carried out within the then chemical defence experimental station, Porton Down, a device containing anthrax was tested on the beach at Penclawdd, South Wales, in 1942. Investigations subsequent to this trial revealed no evidence of any residual
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The club is still thriving today, recently celebrating 125 years of rugby being played at Penclawdd and the first team is currently competing in the Division 2 South West league of the WRU, the 2nds in the
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and surrounding Gower countryside, while the main part of the village stretches along the edge of the estuary. Being so close to an estuary, Penclawdd is thriving with wildlife. It is plentiful in
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The target for this bomb was once again sheep. Three pounds of liquid anthrax spores detonated on the sandy ground of the Burry Inlet, upwind of two tethered lines of sixty animals.
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The bombing run wasn't out of the ordinary. An artillery range had been set up in the area at the outset of the war and a number of weapons were tested there, including mustard gas.
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again demanded answers from the Ministry of Defence, which repeated the same assurances. "There was no residual contamination of the site as it was washed by the incoming tide."
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required. The remainder of the army's anthrax experiments moved back to Gruinard. The people of Penclawdd were left none the wiser what had happened in their own backyard.
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It wasn't until 1982 that Keith H. Hopkins, secretary of the local Labour Party, went to the media to address local rumours about the bombing. Hopkins had three demands.
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The cockles were processed in small, family-owned factories. Although the Penclawdd factories have since been demolished, there are surviving units in the village of
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officially formed in 1888, but rugby has been played in the village since the 1880 / 1881 season, the same year as the founding of the
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for the out standing player in the Challenge cup final at Wembley in 1947. He represented Great Britain at
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eventually ran large copper mining, copper smelting and trading businesses in and around Swansea (
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Evidence of any anthrax-related infections in animals and people in the area
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and district league, and the Youth play in the osprey rugby trust leagues.
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Several books have been published on the history of Penclawdd, including:
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that roam the estuary. The built-up area had a population of 1,935.
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is one of the club's most famous players, playing for Wales and the
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industry which has been a part of local life since at least the
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Up until the end of the 19th century Penclawdd was a thriving
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are sold at an award-winning local Penclawdd produce market.
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and processed in two large, modern factories in Crofty.
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Restricted status. They weren't made public until 1999.
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on the famous Indomitable's tour to Australia in 1946.
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Photos of Penclawdd and surrounding area on geograph
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He won the 1101:) is a village in the north of the 1460:was born and raised in Penclawdd. 1328:the Donks, have a long history in 14: 63: 1785:Rhossili Bay (Llangennith Sands) 1153:connected to the Burry River at 506:Rhossili Bay (Llangennith Sands) 353: 62: 55: 42: 2294:Audrey Williams (archaeologist) 1425:Other local delicacies include 1157:. The village was renowned for 1086:Penclawdd, Gower, South Wales . 1029:Audrey Williams (archaeologist) 267:Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament 2168:Geology of the Gower Peninsula 901:Geology of the Gower Peninsula 1: 1078:Division 3 West Winners 2005. 2173:Gower Ornithological Society 1437:and fried in bacon fat) and 1388:Penclawdd is famous for its 1201:, the still remaining three 906:Gower Ornithological Society 1121:times. It falls within the 97:OS grid reference 2344: 1271:The aftermath of the bomb 283: 243: 203: 50: 41: 18:Human settlement in Wales 2249:Will Jones (rugby union) 1605:Penclawdd Primary School 1123:Penclawdd electoral ward 984:Will Jones (rugby union) 1173:works, operated by the 2279:Mark Thomas (composer) 2234:Thomas Johnes (priest) 1572:. S Lewis, London 1849 1570:British History Online 1528:"Ward population 2011" 1473:A Dark And Pagan Place 1385: 1306: 1252:Anthrax testing in WW2 1175:Cheadle Copper Company 1098: 1087: 1079: 1014:Mark Thomas (composer) 969:Thomas Johnes (priest) 359:Morning Sun at Tor Bay 326:51.640982°N 4.097705°W 183:Postcode district 32: 2259:John Myles (minister) 1383: 1085: 1077: 994:John Myles (minister) 131:Preserved county 2264:Red Lady of Paviland 2244:Kathleen Lloyd Jones 2147:Whiteford Lighthouse 1595:Welcome to Penclawdd 1507:Service With A Smile 1481:- By R. N. Cooper ( 1431:Porphyra umbilicalis 999:Red Lady of Paviland 979:Kathleen Lloyd Jones 878:Whiteford Lighthouse 331:51.640982; -4.097705 163:Sovereign state 2323:Villages in Swansea 2080:Parc Cwm long cairn 1495:- By Ann Roberts ( 1191:fish and chip shops 807:Parc Cwm long cairn 322: /  113:Principal area 2142:Mumbles Lighthouse 2111:Oystermouth Castle 1648:Geographical areas 1386: 1161:and its extensive 1088: 1080: 873:Mumbles Lighthouse 840:Oystermouth Castle 367:Geographical areas 249:UK Parliament 226:Mid and West Wales 195:Dialling code 2307: 2306: 2058:Prehistoric sites 1841:Villages in Gower 1693: 1475:- By R. N. Cooper 1358:Lance Todd Trophy 1354:Bradford Northern 1338:Welsh Rugby Union 1285:A public inquiry. 1242:Vivian & Sons 1105:in the county of 1072: 1071: 786:Prehistoric sites 417: 341: 340: 91:3,635 (2011) 2335: 2163:Cuisine of Gower 1770:Port Eynon Beach 1745:Three Cliffs Bay 1692:listed clockwise 1691: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1611: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1562: 1553: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1524: 1509:- By Ann Roberts 1479:Higher And Lower 1376:Local delicacies 1304: 1064: 1057: 1050: 896:Cuisine of Gower 491:Port Eynon Beach 466:Three Cliffs Bay 415:listed clockwise 413: 357: 343: 337: 336: 334: 333: 332: 327: 323: 320: 319: 318: 315: 289: 157: 107: 106: 76:Location within 66: 65: 59: 46: 21: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2187: 2151: 2130: 2089: 2053: 1835: 1809: 1805:Whiteford Sands 1690: 1684: 1680:Loughor estuary 1675:Fairwood Common 1643: 1641:Gower Peninsula 1638: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1466: 1464:Further reading 1454: 1429:(laver seaweed 1378: 1319: 1305: 1301:Archie Hamilton 1299: 1273: 1254: 1211:railway station 1151:Penclawdd Canal 1143: 1127:Loughor estuary 1103:Gower Peninsula 1068: 1039: 1038: 929: 921: 920: 891: 883: 882: 868: 860: 859: 825: 817: 816: 787: 779: 778: 569: 559: 558: 539: 531: 530: 526:Whiteford Sands 411: 403: 402: 398:Loughor estuary 393:Fairwood Common 368: 360: 330: 328: 324: 321: 316: 313: 311: 309: 308: 307: 287: 279: 261: 153: 143: 125: 102: 101: 83: 82: 81: 80: 74: 73: 72: 71: 67: 37: 19: 12: 11: 5: 2341: 2339: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2315: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2299:C. Anne Wilson 2296: 2291: 2286: 2284:Vernon Watkins 2281: 2276: 2271: 2269:Colin Pressdee 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2126:Weobley Castle 2123: 2121:Penrice Castle 2118: 2116:Pennard Castle 2113: 2108: 2103: 2101:Loughor Castle 2097: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2070:Long Hole Cave 2067: 2065:Arthur's Stone 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1622: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1590: 1589:External links 1587: 1584: 1583: 1554: 1540: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1504: 1493:Estuary People 1490: 1476: 1465: 1462: 1453: 1450: 1420:Swansea Market 1377: 1374: 1318: 1315: 1297: 1295:contamination. 1287: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1272: 1269: 1253: 1250: 1142: 1139: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1034:C. Anne Wilson 1031: 1026: 1021: 1019:Vernon Watkins 1016: 1011: 1006: 1004:Colin Pressdee 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 930: 927: 926: 923: 922: 919: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 875: 869: 866: 865: 862: 861: 858: 857: 855:Weobley Castle 852: 850:Penrice Castle 847: 845:Pennard Castle 842: 837: 832: 830:Loughor Castle 826: 823: 822: 819: 818: 815: 814: 809: 804: 799: 797:Long Hole Cave 794: 792:Arthur's Stone 788: 785: 784: 781: 780: 777: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 570: 565: 564: 561: 560: 557: 556: 551: 546: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 350: 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family 1235: 1234:Staffordshire 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216:Around 1800, 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1141:Brief history 1140: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1076: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 964:Nigel Jenkins 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 931: 925: 924: 917: 914: 912: 911:Gower Wassail 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 887: 886: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 864: 863: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 835:Oxwich Castle 833: 831: 828: 827: 821: 820: 813: 812:Paviland Cave 810: 808: 805: 803: 802:Parc le Breos 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 783: 782: 775: 772: 770: 769:Three Crosses 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 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Retrieved 1522: 1506: 1492: 1478: 1472: 1467: 1458:Karl Jenkins 1455: 1430: 1424: 1417: 1406: 1398: 1394:Roman period 1387: 1366: 1362:rugby league 1342:Haydn Tanner 1320: 1311:Nia Griffith 1307: 1293: 1288: 1274: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1215: 1144: 1090: 1089: 974:Ernest Jones 959:Karl Jenkins 934:Byron Davies 774:Upper Killay 734:Pitton Green 708: 699:Oxwich Green 496:Mewslade Bay 486:Horton Beach 436:Langland Bay 421:Bracelet Bay 414: 388:Clyne Common 15: 2274:Phil Tanner 2219:Cyril Gwynn 2209:Edgar Evans 2204:Ifor Davies 2183:Ilston Book 2135:Lighthouses 2019:Reynoldston 1954:Nicholaston 1929:Llanrhidian 1924:Llanmorlais 1914:Llangennith 1854:Burry Green 1821:Burry Holms 1790:Burry Holms 1740:Pobbles Bay 1725:Brandy Cove 1720:Caswell Bay 1710:Rotherslade 1660:Burry Holms 1576:25 November 1413:Land Rovers 1330:rugby union 1218:John Vivian 1209:and a busy 1159:coal mining 1009:Phil Tanner 954:Cyril Gwynn 944:Edgar Evans 939:Ifor Davies 916:Ilston Book 867:Lighthouses 744:Reynoldston 679:Nicholaston 654:Llanrhidian 649:Llanmorlais 639:Llangennith 579:Burry Green 544:Burry Holms 511:Burry Holms 461:Pobbles Bay 446:Brandy Cove 441:Caswell Bay 431:Rotherslade 378:Burry Holms 329: / 214:South Wales 2317:Categories 2289:Harri Webb 2254:Jo Mazelis 2214:Iris Gower 2014:Port Eynon 1849:Bishopston 1755:Oxwich Bay 1730:Pwlldu Bay 1501:0954083601 1487:0953452301 1439:salt marsh 1427:laverbread 1099:Pen-clawdd 1024:Harri Webb 989:Jo Mazelis 949:Iris Gower 739:Port Eynon 574:Bishopston 476:Oxwich Bay 451:Pwlldu Bay 314:51°38′28″N 88:Population 33:Pen-clawdd 2039:Southgate 1984:Penclawdd 1939:Middleton 1919:Llanmadoc 1909:Llanddewi 1899:Landimore 1814:Headlands 1760:Slade Bay 1735:Hunts Bay 1665:Cefn Bryn 1456:Composer 1348:in 1938. 1326:nicknamed 1193:, eleven 1155:Aberkeddy 1133:and with 1111:Glamorgan 1091:Penclawdd 764:Southgate 709:Penclawdd 664:Middleton 644:Llanmadoc 634:Llanddewi 624:Landimore 538:Headlands 481:Slade Bay 456:Hunts Bay 383:Cefn Bryn 317:4°05′52″W 233:Ambulance 173:Post town 70:Penclawdd 24:Penclawdd 2034:Scurlage 2024:Rhossili 1979:Parkmill 1959:Oldwalls 1934:Llethryd 1904:Langland 1894:Knelston 1874:Gowerton 1864:Cheriton 1831:Rhossili 1780:Fall Bay 1533:13 April 1399:Cockles 1298:—  1226:Cornwall 1185:, three 1183:butchers 1181:, three 1163:tinplate 1147:sea port 1131:birdlife 759:Scurlage 749:Rhossili 704:Parkmill 684:Oldwalls 659:Llethryd 629:Langland 619:Knelston 599:Gowerton 589:Cheriton 567:Villages 554:Rhossili 501:Fall Bay 104:SS549956 2094:Castles 1999:Penrice 1994:Penmaen 1989:Pennard 1964:Overton 1859:Caswell 1826:Mumbles 1750:Tor Bay 1689:Beaches 1435:oatmeal 1370:Swansea 1246:Swansea 1230:Loughor 1203:chapels 1189:, four 1187:drapers 1179:grocers 1107:Swansea 824:Castles 724:Penrice 719:Penmaen 714:Pennard 689:Overton 584:Caswell 549:Mumbles 471:Tor Bay 410:Beaches 303:Swansea 177:SWANSEA 149:Country 121:Swansea 78:Swansea 2192:People 2004:Pitton 1969:Oxwich 1949:Newton 1944:Murton 1889:Kittle 1884:Ilston 1879:Horton 1869:Crofty 1499:  1485:  1452:People 1409:Crofty 1390:cockle 1236:. The 1207:church 1205:and a 1199:cinema 1167:copper 1149:. The 1135:horses 1115:cockle 928:People 729:Pitton 694:Oxwich 674:Newton 669:Murton 614:Kittle 609:Ilston 604:Horton 594:Crofty 209:Police 2156:Other 2029:Slade 1514:Notes 1222:Truro 1171:brass 1119:Roman 1095:Welsh 890:Other 754:Slade 347:Gower 298:Wales 275:Gower 257:Gower 238:Welsh 199:01792 155:Wales 29:Welsh 1578:2023 1535:2015 1497:ISBN 1483:ISBN 1442:lamb 1197:, a 1195:pubs 1169:and 221:Fire 1220:of 188:SA4 2319:: 1568:. 1557:^ 1396:. 1332:. 1324:, 1224:, 1165:, 1097:: 293:UK 31:: 1633:e 1626:t 1619:v 1580:. 1551:. 1537:. 1503:) 1489:) 1093:( 1063:e 1056:t 1049:v

Index

Welsh

Penclawdd is located in Swansea
Swansea
OS grid reference
SS549956
Principal area
Swansea
Preserved county
West Glamorgan
Country
Wales
Sovereign state
Post town
Postcode district
SA4
Dialling code
Police
South Wales
Fire
Mid and West Wales
Ambulance
Welsh
UK Parliament
Gower
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament
Gower
UK
Wales
Swansea

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