317:. In 1944, he was assigned to the headquarters of Colonel-General Sergei Varentsov, commander of artillery on the 1st Ukrainian front, who became his patron. Penkovsky was wounded in action in 1944, at about the same time as Varentsov, who appointed him his Liaison Officer. In 1945, Penkovsky married the teenage daughter of Lieutenant-General Dmitri Gapanovich, thus acquiring another high-ranking patron. On Varentsov's recommendation, he studied at the
703:(2002). In the Jack Ryan universe, he is described as the agent who recruited Colonel Mikhail Filitov as a CIA agent (code-name CARDINAL) and had urged Filitov to betray him to solidify his position as the West's top spy in the Soviet hierarchy. The "cremated alive" hypothesis appears in several Clancy novels, though Clancy never identified Penkovsky as the executed spy. Penkovsky's fate is also mentioned in the
561:
542:. Kennedy was consequently deprived of information from a potentially important intelligence agent, such as reporting that Khrushchev was already looking for ways to defuse the situation, which might have lessened the tension during the ensuing 13-day stand-off. That information might have reduced the pressure on Kennedy to launch an invasion of the island, which could have risked Soviet use of
530:. Dunlap was just another source they had to protect. They worked hard, shadowing British diplomats, to build up a "discovery case" against Penkovsky so that they could arrest him without throwing suspicion on their own moles. Their caution in this matter may have led to the missiles being discovered earlier than the Soviets would have preferred. After a West German agent overheard a remark at
448:'s defection. The party was not satisfied with KGB performance ... I knew many heads in the KGB had rolled again, as they had after Stalin". While the weight of opinion seems to be that Penkovsky was genuine, the debate underscores the difficulty faced by all intelligence agencies of determining information offered from the enemy. In a meeting with US Secretary of Defense
431:(later Chief of MI6 in the 1970s), who played a key role in the Penkovsky case as Chief of Station in Washington, told me: 'You've got a long row to hoe with this one, Peter, there's a lot of K's and Gongs riding high on the back of Penkovsky' he said, referring to the honours heaped on those involved in the Penkovsky operation.
406:
was bitter towards
British intelligence, reportedly believing that it should have adopted his proposed methods to identify British/Soviet double agents. In Wright's view, the failure of British intelligence leaders to listen to him caused them to become paralysed when such agents defected to the Soviet Union; in his book,
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ten days earlier, on the 22nd of
October.) Penkovsky was tried and executed, but there are conflicting reports about the manner of his death. Alexander Zagvozdin, chief KGB interrogator for the investigation, stated that Penkovsky had been "questioned perhaps a hundred times" and that he had been shot and cremated.
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had been loaded. Upon servicing the dead drop (which had a letter ostensibly from him inside it) that same day, a CIA officer by the name of
Richard Jacob, who was stationed at the U.S. Embassy under diplomatic cover, was arrested. (Soviet authorities later claimed that Penkovsky had been apprehended
472:
book, "Spy Wars: Moles
Mysteries and Deadly Games," that Penkovsky's treason was detected by the KGB within two weeks of his April 1961 recruitment by the CIA and MI6. Bagley says that after this detection, Penkovsky was allowed by the KGB to continue spying for the U.S. and Britain for sixteen more
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was allegedly secretly recorded in a Moscow restaurant. The fact that
Nosenko asked Bagley and Kisevalter this question was one of the reasons Bagley came to conclude that Nosenko was a false defector, and also made him realize that a "mole" in the CIA or British intelligence had betrayed Penkovsky
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The Soviet leadership began the deployment of nuclear missiles, in the belief that
Washington would not detect the Cuban missile sites until it was too late to do anything about them. Penkovsky provided plans and descriptions of the nuclear rocket launch sites in Cuba to the West. This information
477:
and
Penkovsky were arrested, and imprisoned in Russia, Wynne was confronted with a tape recording of a conversation he had had with Penkovsky in a Moscow restaurant two weeks after his recruitment. In this recording, Wynne asked Penkovsky, "How's Zeph?" When Wynne was asked by his KGB interrogator
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and other earlier defectors, Penkovsky did not reveal the names of any Soviet agents in the West but only provided organisational detail, much of which was known already. Some of the documents provided were originals, which Wright thought could not have been easily taken from their sources. Wright
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The first meeting between
Penkovsky and two American and two British intelligence officers occurred during a visit by Penkovsky to London in April 1961. For the following 18 months, Penkovsky supplied a tremendous amount of information to the CIA–MI6 team of handlers, including documents
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does not mention
Penkovsky in his comprehensive memoir about his career in intelligence against the West. The KGB defector Vladimir N. Sakharov suggests Penkovsky was genuine, saying: "I knew about the ongoing KGB reorganisation precipitated by Oleg Penkovsky's case and
336:, Turkey, but was recalled after he had reported his superior officer, and later other GRU personnel for a breach of regulations, which made him unpopular in the department. Relying once again on Varentsov's patronage, he spent nine months studying rocket artillery at
537:
Penkovsky was arrested on 22 October 1962. This was prior to
President Kennedy's address to the US revealing that U-2 spy plane photographs had confirmed intelligence reports that the Soviets were installing medium-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, in what was known as
599:. In a 2010 interview, Suvorov said that he had been shown a film in which a man said to be Penkovsky was bound to a metal stretcher with wire and pushed live into a crematorium. Suvorov denied that the man in the film was Penkovsky and said that he had been shot.
515:, who defected to the UK in 1978, later wrote in his book on Soviet intelligence, "historians will remember with gratitude the name of the GRU Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. Thanks to his priceless information the Cuban crisis was not transformed into a last World War".
486:
in June 1962, Nosenko, while bragging about the KGB's secret recording devices, asked them who "Zepp" (sic) was, volunteering that it was the name of an Indonesian military attaché unknown to the KGB, whose conversation with U.S. military attaché
1628:
Highlights: 00:09 Criminal case against Penkovski O.V. and Wynne G.M. concerning unlawful acts described by Articles 64, Article 65 of the USSR's RSFSR Criminal code. Article 64 is Treason, Article 65 is Espionage. This is 30 November
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who this "Zepp" (sic) was, he recalled that "Zeph" was the nickname of a London bargirl by the name of Stephanie, whom Penkovsky and Wynne had met while Penkovsky was being recruited. Bagley points out in his book that while he and
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had uncovered the history of his father's death, and he was suspended, investigated, and assigned in November 1960 to the State Committee for Science and Technology. He later worked at the Soviet Committee for Scientific Research.
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On 2 November, 1962, Penkovsky's Western handlers in Moscow received two voiceless telephone calls and a visual signal (a chalk mark on a telephone pole or street light pole), ostensibly from him, notifying them that his
270:(ICBM) program. This information was decisive in allowing the US to recognize that the Soviets were placing missiles in Cuba before most of them were operational. It also gave US President John F. Kennedy, during the
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months while a scenario was created in which he could be arrested and charged in such a way that would not reveal who, in Western Intelligence, had betrayed him. Bagley based his conclusion on the fact that, when
1639:"Nonfiction Book Review: The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War by Jerrold L. Schecter, Author, Peter S. Deriabin, With Scribner Book Company ISBN 978-0-684-19068-6"
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had been demoted to the rank of Major General. In June he was expelled from the Central Committee for 'having relaxed his political vigilance.' Three other officers were also disciplined. The head of the GRU,
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630:
526:(NSA) employee and Soviet spy working for the KGB. Top KGB officers had known for more than a year that Penkovsky was a British agent, but they protected their source, a highly placed mole in
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spy planes. The documents provided by Penkovsky showed that the Soviet Union was not prepared for war in the area, which emboldened Kennedy to risk the operation in Cuba. Former GRU captain
262:) colonel during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Penkovsky informed the United States and the United Kingdom about Soviet military secrets, including the appearance and footprint of Soviet
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1495:"Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence: X. The domestic impact of foreign clandestine operations: the CIA and academic institutions, the media and religious institutions, Appendix B"
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Penkovsky was the highest-ranking Soviet official to provide intelligence for the West up until that time, and is one of several individuals credited with altering the course of the
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in Moscow in July 1960 and gave them a package in which he offered to spy for the United States. He asked them to deliver it to an intelligence officer at the US Embassy. The
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crematorium "how Penkovsky executed by 'fire'", i.e., by being burnt. A similar description was later included in Ernest Volkman's popular history book about spies,
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claimed or the CIA had thought and that the Soviets were not yet capable of producing a large number of ICBMs. This information was invaluable to President
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claimed that Penkovsky killed himself. Wynne had worked as both Penkovsky's contact and courier; both men were arrested by the Soviets in October 1962.
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officer known for his scathing condemnation of the leadership of British intelligence during most of the Cold War, believed that Penkovsky was a
638:, was sacked during the same period. He was reputedly on friendly terms with Penkovsky, which is very likely to have been a cause of his fall.
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A 1976 Senate commission stated that "the book was prepared and written by witting agency assets who drew on actual case materials."
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delayed in contacting him. When the US Embassy in Moscow refused to cooperate, fearing an international incident, the CIA contacted
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named Wynne and (the American diplomat Richard) Jacob as his contacts, without naming anyone else. In May 1963, after his trial,
664:. The programme featured original covert KGB footage showing Penkovsky photographing classified information and meeting up with
1255:
1634:'Fatal Encounter' BBC TV documentary 3 May 1991, KGB, MI6 and CIA officers involved with the Penkovsky reveal their stories
412:, he suggests that his hypothesis had to be true, and that the Soviets were aware of this paralysis and planted Penkovsky.
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when he was a baby. Brought up in the North Caucasus, Penkovsky graduated from the Kiev Artillery Academy with the rank of
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that followed, valuable information about Soviet weakness that allowed him to face down Soviet leader
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headquarters, paraphrased as "I wonder how things are going in Cuba", he passed it on to the CIA.
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spy. His character's execution was the opening scene for the movie. Penkovsky was portrayed by
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allowed the West to identify the missile sites from the low-resolution pictures provided by US
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The Soviet public was first told of Penkovsky's arrest more than seven weeks later, when
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in negotiating with Nikita Khrushchev for the removal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.
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Dead Drop: The True Story of Oleg Penkovsky and the Cold War's Most Dangerous Operation
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denied the CIA had forged the provided source material, which was also the opinion of
654:. His spying career was the subject of episode 1 of the 2007 BBC Television docudrama
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The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War
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The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West
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of Artillery and Commander in Chief of Rocket Forces and candidate member of the
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668:, a British MI6 agent stationed in Moscow. It was broadcast on 15 January 2007.
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Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs, from Communism to al-Qaeda
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Penkovsky never knew his father, who was killed fighting as an officer in the
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Mind-Sets and Missiles: A First Hand Account of the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Penkovsky was portrayed by Eduard Bezrodniy in the 2014 Polish thriller
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1522:. Other dismissed the book as propaganda and having no historic value.
1091:
The Fourteenth Day: JFK and the Aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis
617:
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Penkovsky's communications with MI6 were also revealed to the KGB by
417:
Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer
371:, a British salesman of industrial equipment to countries behind the
340:. He was selected for the post of military attaché in India, but the
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98:
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demonstrating that the Soviet nuclear arsenal was much smaller than
968:. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. pp. 150–155.
940:"A Spy Story: Sergei Skripal Was a Little Fish. He Had a Big Enemy"
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reported that Varentsov, who had since achieved the rank of Chief
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531:
1046:
Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief
527:
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660:, titled "The Spy from Moscow" in which he was portrayed by
456:, named Penkovsky as Russia's biggest intelligence failure.
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Penkovsky was portrayed by Christopher Rozycki in the 1985
1497:. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate, Report 94-755,
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Spies: The Secret Agents Who Changed the Course of History
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The Penkovsky Papers: The Russian Who Spied for the West
1142:. Prod. Jeremy Isaacs & Pat Mitchell. CNN, 1998. DVD
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Soviet people executed for spying for the United States
1119:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 337–347.
1191:Дорогой наш Никита Сергеевич : Дело Пеньковского
375:, was recruited by MI6 to communicate with Penkovsky.
452:, the head of Russia's foreign intelligence service,
1584:
The Capture and Execution of Colonel Penkovsky, 1963
938:
Schwirtz, Michael; Barry, Ellen (9 September 2018).
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1231:. New York : Viking Press. pp. 324–325.
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581:said that he had been told by the director of the
464:Former high-level CIA counterintelligence officer
328:as an officer, in 1953. In 1955, he was appointed
1227:Power in the Kremlin: From Khrushchev to Kosygin
425:
278:and resolve the crisis without a nuclear war.
1689:People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
1209:. Strategic Studies Institute. pp. 75–76.
353:Penkovsky approached American students on the
321:in 1945–1948, then worked as a staff officer.
266:installations and the weakness of the Soviet
77:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
39:
8:
1704:Russian people executed by the Soviet Union
966:Spy Wars: Moles, mysteries and Deadly Games
1546:Wallace, Robert; Melton, H. Keith (2008).
1458:Howard Hunt, Everette (26 February 2007).
1270:; cited from Russian edition of 1999, pp.
1203:Absher, Kenneth Michael (September 2009).
50:
31:
1709:Executed people from North Ossetia–Alania
427:When I first wrote my Penkovsky analysis
1065:Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali,
1552:. With Henry R. Schlesinger. New York:
1450:Note: The book was commissioned by the
1152:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
855:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
824:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
812:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
788:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
780:
1679:British spies against the Soviet Union
1284:"Nuclear Secrets The Spy From Moscow"
671:Penkovsky was referred to in four of
7:
799:
264:intermediate-range ballistic missile
1604:"Soviet Propaganda Film 14 (53234)"
991:"Where Shoes Listen and Coins Kill"
492:immediately after his recruitment.
27:British spy in the USSR (1919–1963)
1714:Executed Soviet people from Russia
305:in 1939. After taking part in the
268:intercontinental ballistic missile
25:
1422:. Introduction and commentary by
1019:. London: Grafton Books. p.
989:Rothstein, Edward (17 May 2012).
1322:. London: Simon & Schuster.
419:(1987), written with journalist
235:; 23 April 1919 – 16 May 1963),
1493:Church, Frank (23 April 1976).
595:, and in Viktor Suvorov's book
482:were interviewing KGB defector
1599:, Penkovsky's CIA case officer
844:. London: Hutchinson & Co.
564:Penkovsky at the trial in 1963
289:Early life and military career
1:
1115:Schecter, Jerrold L. (1992).
1049:, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013,
233:Олег Владимирович Пеньковский
41:Олег Владимирович Пеньковский
1017:Soviet Military Intelligence
913:. Ballantine Books. p.
642:Portrayal in popular culture
401:. Wright noted that, unlike
338:Dzerzhinsky Military Academy
229:Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky
1452:Central Intelligence Agency
1385:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1117:The Spy Who Saved The World
964:Bagley, Tennent H. (2007).
909:Sakharov, Vladimir (1980).
688:The Cardinal of the Kremlin
355:Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
1745:
1088:Coleman, David G. (2012).
499:
1614:: Periscope Film LLC via
1464:. John Wiley & Sons.
1094:. New York: W.W. Norton.
734:in the 2020 British film
313:, he reached the rank of
232:
222:
157:
49:
40:
1719:Soviet military attachés
1589:21 December 2020 at the
1527:Suvorov, Viktor (2011).
1412:Penkovsky, Oleg (1965).
1262:Hodder & Stoughton.
1164:Volkman, Ernest (1994).
1015:Suvorov, Viktor (1986).
836:Wynne, Greville (1967).
682:The Hunt for Red October
550:tactical nuclear weapons
524:National Security Agency
349:Overtures to CIA and MI6
1699:People from Vladikavkaz
1531:. Sofia: Fakel Express
1353:Charles Scribner's Sons
744:played Greville Wynne.
694:The Bear and the Dragon
319:Frunze Military Academy
309:against Finland and in
128:Frunze Military Academy
1260:KGB: The Inside Story.
888:. St. Martin's Press.
882:Kalugin, Oleg (1994).
565:
433:
1337:Schecter, Jerrold L;
1223:Tatu, Michel (1969).
1068:Khrushchev's Cold War
769:List of KGB defectors
563:
552:against U.S. troops.
470:Yale University Press
324:Penkovsky joined the
256:military intelligence
118:Execution by shooting
742:Benedict Cumberbatch
605:The Man from Odessa,
502:Cuban Missile Crisis
496:Cuban Missile Crisis
272:Cuban Missile Crisis
1170:. New York: Wiley.
1043:Tennent H. Bagley,
857:, pp. 276–280.
840:The Man from Moscow
826:, pp. 35, 445.
652:Wynne and Penkovsky
460:The "Zepp" Incident
393:, a former British
189:Service branch
114:Cause of death
1729:20th-century spies
1256:Christopher Andrew
679:espionage novels:
566:
468:wrote in his 2007
315:lieutenant-colonel
199:Service years
159:Espionage activity
1644:Publishers Weekly
1595:Joseph J. Bulik.
1541:978-954-9772-76-0
1471:978-0-471-78982-6
1404:978-0-552-13823-9
1393:. Corgi. p.
1362:978-0-684-19068-6
1351:. New York City:
1343:Penkovsky, Oleg V
1339:Deriabin, Peter S
1290:. 15 January 2007
1238:978-0-670-57028-7
1101:978-0-393-08441-2
1077:978-0-393-05809-3
1055:978-1-62636-065-5
975:978-0-300-12198-8
759:George Kisevalter
724:Ryszard Kukliński
631:Central Committee
583:Donskoye Cemetery
480:George Kisevalter
466:Tennent H. Bagley
381:Nikita Khrushchev
299:Russian Civil War
276:Nikita Khrushchev
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16:(Redirected from
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1428:Edward Crankshaw
1418:. Translated by
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657:Nuclear Secrets
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454:Mikhail Fradkov
423:, Wright says:
421:Paul Greengrass
385:John F. Kennedy
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254:) was a Soviet
153:Vera Gapanovich
134:Criminal charge
124:Alma mater
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1533:(in Bulgarian)
1529:Devil's Mother
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1484:
1470:
1426:; Foreword by
1420:Peter Deriabin
1409:
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1154:, p. 414.
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995:New York Times
981:
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944:New York Times
930:
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792:
790:, p. 284.
779:
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766:
761:
756:
754:Gervase Cowell
749:
746:
705:Nelson DeMille
666:Janet Chisholm
648:BBC Television
643:
640:
612:
609:
603:, in his book
601:Greville Wynne
557:
554:
513:Viktor Suvorov
497:
494:
475:Greville Wynne
461:
458:
439:major-general
415:In his memoir
399:fake defection
369:Greville Wynne
350:
347:
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224:
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95:Butyrka Prison
93:
91:(aged 44)
85:
81:
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71:
60:
56:
55:
47:
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36:Oleg Penkovsky
35:
26:
24:
14:
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1724:Double agents
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1514:Note: Author
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814:, p. 33.
813:
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732:Merab Ninidze
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403:Igor Gouzenko
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69:23 April 1919
61:
57:
53:
48:
33:
30:
19:
1694:GRU officers
1648:. Retrieved
1642:
1627:
1620:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:Oral History
1578:Find a Grave
1548:
1528:
1516:Frank Gibney
1502:. Retrieved
1475:. Retrieved
1461:American Spy
1460:
1424:Frank Gibney
1414:
1389:The Deceiver
1388:
1347:
1342:
1318:
1314:Duns, Jeremy
1292:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1259:
1247:
1226:
1218:
1205:
1198:
1193:(in Russian)
1186:
1166:
1159:
1147:
1140:The Cold War
1139:
1135:
1116:
1110:
1090:
1083:
1067:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1016:
1010:
1000:15 September
998:. Retrieved
994:
984:
965:
959:
949:15 September
947:. Retrieved
943:
933:
911:High Treason
910:
904:
884:
877:
866:
862:
850:
839:
831:
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543:
536:
517:
505:
484:Yuri Nosenko
463:
450:Leon Panetta
446:Yuri Nosenko
441:Oleg Kalugin
434:
426:
416:
414:
407:
391:Peter Wright
389:
377:
373:Iron Curtain
367:
352:
323:
311:World War II
292:
280:
247:
239:
228:
227:
169:Soviet Union
158:
107:Soviet Union
103:Russian SFSR
89:(1963-05-16)
29:
1674:1963 deaths
1669:1919 births
1612:Los Angeles
867:Spy Catcher
740:, in which
737:The Courier
719:Jack Strong
697:(2000) and
662:Mark Bonnar
545:9K52 Luna-M
520:Jack Dunlap
489:Leo Dulacki
87:16 May 1963
73:Vladikavkaz
1663:Categories
1407:. (Novel).
1294:16 January
775:References
726:, another
707:spy novel
700:Red Rabbit
673:Tom Clancy
636:Ivan Serov
592:Red Rabbit
587:Tom Clancy
500:See also:
409:Spycatcher
307:Winter War
303:lieutenant
295:White Army
231:(Russian:
218:YOGA, HERO
175:Allegiance
65:1919-04-23
1444:749223763
1436:Doubleday
1371:909016158
800:Duns 2014
677:Jack Ryan
589:'s novel
571:dead drop
237:codenamed
202:1953–1963
18:Penkovsky
1587:Archived
1582:cia.gov
1477:19 March
1345:(1992).
1316:(2014).
1258:(1990).
1212:PDF file
1071:, 2006.
748:See also
728:Cold War
722:, about
713:(1988).
691:(1988),
685:(1984),
623:Izvestya
597:Aquarium
283:Cold War
242:(by the
215:Codename
1504:3 April
1307:Sources
1272:476-479
650:serial
627:Marshal
548:-class
435:Former
297:in the
210:Colonel
165:Country
137:Treason
1650:22 May
1622:23 May
1618:. 1963
1560:
1554:Dutton
1539:
1468:
1442:
1401:
1369:
1359:
1326:
1266:
1235:
1174:
1123:
1098:
1075:
1053:
1027:
972:
921:
892:
871:p. 212
618:Pravda
334:Ankara
246:) and
150:Spouse
99:Moscow
1629:1962.
1491:See:
1456:See:
532:Stasi
145:Death
1652:2021
1624:2021
1558:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1506:2010
1479:2019
1466:ISBN
1440:OCLC
1399:ISBN
1367:OCLC
1357:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1296:2007
1288:IMDb
1264:ISBN
1254:and
1233:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1051:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1002:2020
970:ISBN
951:2020
919:ISBN
890:ISBN
522:, a
250:(by
248:Yoga
240:Hero
207:Rank
181:and
84:Died
59:Born
1576:at
1021:155
915:177
675:'s
528:MI6
509:U-2
437:KGB
395:MI5
363:MI6
359:CIA
342:KGB
332:in
326:GRU
260:GRU
252:MI6
244:CIA
193:GRU
1665::
1641:.
1626:.
1610:.
1606:.
1556:.
1535:.
1438:.
1434::
1430:.
1395:43
1365:.
1355:.
1341:;
1286:.
1023:.
993:.
942:.
917:.
869:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
75:,
1654:.
1543:.
1508:.
1483:.
1481:.
1446:.
1373:.
1332:.
1298:.
1241:.
1180:.
1129:.
1104:.
1033:.
1004:.
978:.
953:.
927:.
898:.
258:(
67:)
63:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
