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Historically, most accounts of the strike have mainly looked at its effects on male workers, owners, management, economy, and trade unions. However, modern historians are working to broaden this focus. They aim to shed light on the wider community's experiences during the strike, paying special
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as the site of two prolonged strikes by workers demanding better pay and safer conditions. The first strike lasted eleven months in 1896. The second began on 22 November 1900 and lasted for three years. Known as "The Great Strike of
Penrhyn", this was the longest dispute in British industrial
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is nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 1,200 feet (370 metres) deep, and it was worked by nearly 3,000 quarrymen. It has since been superseded in size by slate quarries in China, Spain and the USA. Penrhyn is still
Britain's largest slate quarry but its workforce is now nearer 200.
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In 2007 it was purchased by Kevin Lagan (an Irish businessman who is the owner and chairman of the Lagan Group) and renamed Welsh Slate Ltd. Kevin Lagan and his son Peter (MD of Lagan
Building Solutions Ltd) are now directors of Welsh Slate Ltd which also includes the
365:. Much of his early working was for local use only as no large scale transport infrastructure was developed until Pennant's involvement. From then on, slates from the quarry were transported to the sea at
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history. During the strike, the community was divided between those who laid down their tools and those who crossed the picket line. Many locals wrote "
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The first reference to slate extraction at
Penrhyn is from 1570, when the quarry is mentioned in a Welsh poem. The quarry was developed in the 1770s by
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in
Bethesda, organised a co-operative to take over several other local quarries and employ locked-out Penrhyn quarrymen. He eventually included
629:
Owen, Teleri (2019–2020). ""Yn
Ddirgel ac yn Gyhoeddus: Rôl, Effaith, a Phortreadaeth Merched yn ystod Streic Fawr y Penrhyn, 1900–1903"".
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In the longer term the strike lessened confidence in the Welsh slate industry, leading to declining orders and greater unemployment.
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A part of the site no longer in use for slate extraction is the site of a new adventure tourism facility operated by
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built in 1798, one of the earliest railway lines. In the 19th century the
Penrhyn Quarry, along with the
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Velocity 2 flies over an abandoned and partially flooded part of the quarry.
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Cregier, Don M. (1976). "Knickerbockers and Red
Stockings, 1863-1884".
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797:(including much description of the site, location map, etc.) on the
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Bounder from Wales: Lloyd George's Career before the First World War
561:. Columbia & London: University of Missouri Press. p. 12.
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Welsh slate such as that quarried at
Penrhyn was designated by the
422:, one of the founders of the North Wales Quarrymen's Union, and an
695:"Quarry firm Welsh Slate sold as part of multi-million pound deal"
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830:, Vol. XXXII, No. 913, Saturday, 17 April 1858, pp. 392–393.
416:" or "There is no traitor in this house" in their front windows.
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attention to the often ignored roles and perspectives of women.
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746:"Welsh Slate's Cambrian slate wins international recognition"
583:"Penrhyn Castle and the Great Penrhyn Quarry Strike, 1900-03"
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In 1868 eighty workers were sacked for failing to vote for
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From 1963 until 2007 the quarry was owned and operated by
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Hughes, J. Elwyn; Hughes, Bryn; Wood, Dennis S. (1979).
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The quarry is significant in the history of the
British
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unveiled a plaque in memory of those who participated.
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The Penrhyn Slate Quarries in North Wales circa 1858
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The Hendre Ddu Tramway: Blue Stones and Green Trees
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492:International Union of Geological Sciences
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834:History of Bangor Blue Slates In Ireland
799:National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)
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820:, No. 12, 8 September 1832, pp. 93.
721:"Experience adventure at Penrhyn quarry"
546:. Washington Government Printing Office.
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771:The Penrhyn quarry: Yesterday and Today
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1613:The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales
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442:Transport and General Workers' Union
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403:Penrhyn slate quarry, ca. 1900
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44:Penrhyn Slate Quarry, in 1852
27:Slate quarry in north Wales.
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814:"The Penrhyn Slate Quarry,"
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414:Nid oes bradwr yn y tŷ hwn
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681:28 September 2013 at the
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932:Fron-Boeth and Pant-Mawr
604:"Chwarel Pantdreiniog".
543:The technology of slate
540:Bowles, Oliver (1922).
522:– originated at Penrhyn
199:1,200 feet (370 metres)
1608:Slate mines in Gwynedd
1371:Deeside and Moelfferna
606:Baner ac Amserau Cymru
508:Penrhyn Quarry Railway
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389:George Douglas-Pennant
374:Penrhyn Quarry Railway
676:National Slate Museum
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870:Welsh slate quarries
785:The official website
585:. The National Trust
382:Welsh slate industry
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803:https://coflein.org
773:. Penrhyn Quarries.
655:. Lightmoor Press.
246:Year of acquisition
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809:History and photos
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395:The "Great Strike"
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651:(December 2022).
608:. 24 April 1901.
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1316:Moel Tryfan
1282:Ty'n-y-bryn
1242:Chwarel Ddu
1169:Tan-y-Bwlch
1036:Gartheiniog
947:Maenofferen
897:Blaen y Cwm
755:24 February
730:24 February
705:24 February
342:North Wales
313:578 mm
290:Track gauge
237:.welshslate
152: /
128:Coordinates
1587:Categories
1450:Llangolman
1347:Llangollen
1336:Tal-y-Sarn
1326:Pen-y-Bryn
1252:Cwm Eigiau
1154:Moel Faban
1120:Llwyngwern
1090:Braichgoch
1080:Abercorris
1046:Maesygamfa
1031:Foel Dinas
1021:Cae Abatty
1012:Aberangell
699:Daily Post
649:Quine, Dan
527:References
171:Production
137:53°10′01″N
109:(formerly
1598:Llandygai
1530:Glyn-lago
1485:Bellstone
1425:Goleuwern
1301:Alexandra
1262:Hafod-Las
1203:Glyrhonwy
1179:Llanberis
1041:Hendreddu
977:Penmachno
942:Llechwedd
937:Graig Ddu
917:Cwmorthin
506:See:
481:Zip World
476:in 2018.
284:Technical
140:4°04′01″W
1545:Rosebush
1495:Cwm Ebol
1478:Outliers
1430:Hen-Ddol
1410:Bryngwyn
1361:Cambrian
1345:Vale of
1311:Dorothea
1208:Marchlyn
1198:Dinorwic
1140:Bethesda
1095:Cambergi
982:Rhiwbach
725:Zipworld
679:Archived
514:See also
502:Railways
485:zip line
424:alderman
361:, later
338:Bethesda
309: in
256:Railways
212:pre-1570
176:Products
97:Bethesda
92:Location
50:Location
1525:Gilfach
1505:Dolgoch
1381:Penarth
1306:Cilgwyn
1188:Cefn Du
1164:Penrhyn
1125:Ratgoed
1110:Gaewern
1100:Cymerau
1051:Minllyn
997:Wrysgan
987:Rhosydd
967:Oakeley
957:Moelwyn
912:Croesor
907:Conglog
882:Croesor
805:website
589:25 July
472:-based
369:on the
353:History
304:⁄
263:History
230:Website
222:Company
204:History
118:Country
107:Gwynedd
82:Gwynedd
74:Penrhyn
33:Penrhyn
1520:Glogue
1500:Darren
1401:Arthog
1366:Clogau
1356:Berwyn
1237:Cedryn
1213:Vivian
1115:Hengae
659:
631:Llafur
565:
494:as a '
483:. The
334:quarry
276:Closed
268:Opened
209:Opened
190:Quarry
103:County
1391:Wynne
1227:Conwy
1223:Lledr
1014:areas
952:Manod
890:areas
826:, in
331:slate
329:is a
217:Owner
180:Slate
122:Wales
95:near
1452:Area
1403:area
1349:area
1294:area
1277:Rhos
1257:Foel
1225:and
1181:area
1142:area
1068:area
1009:and
972:Parc
886:and
757:2019
732:2019
707:2019
657:ISBN
591:2019
563:ISBN
325:The
249:2007
239:.com
186:Type
1105:Era
816:in
801:'s
787:of
610:hdl
464:in
346:pit
235:www
1589::
880:,
748:.
723:.
697:.
635:12
633:.
456:.
384:.
340:,
297:10
884:,
862:e
855:t
848:v
759:.
734:.
709:.
665:.
618:.
612::
593:.
571:.
510:.
315:)
311:(
306:4
302:3
299:+
113:)
20:)
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