57:
44:
4930:
930:
364:
of between 2 and 2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) long, set between the neighboring sepals. They consist of a separate, wide, pouch-like base or alternatively described as having a conspicuous scale, fringed by hairs that form a "roof" over a chamber and also make the base of the sepals cling together. The
921:
The berries, leaves, roots, and tubers of these plants have been used in local traditional culture. Roots hung in the house are thought to repel snakes. Powdered root bark is an ingredient of "African whiskey in sachets", which is said to be cheap but dangerous. The root is said to be eaten
1520:"Sucres et "faux sucres" de la forêt équatoriale: évolution et perception des produits sucrés par les populations forestières d'Afrique [Sugars and "false sugars" of the tropical forest: Evolution and perception of sweeted products by the forest people of Africa]"
953:(GRAS). In 2012 the company said that regulatory approval might take an additional one or two years and in 2014 it still had not obtained a GRAS waiver from the FDA and was seeking partners, and the product was still not on the market as of 2016.
266:. It produces large red berries, sometimes mottled with grey. It is known from West-Central Tropical Africa, between northern Angola, eastern Nigeria and western Democratic Republic of Congo. The berry is sweet in taste due to the protein,
404:
of 3½–5 cm (1.4–2 in) in diameter, entirely red or mottled with grey, containing many seeds attached to the axis surrounded by pink pulp. The seeds are kidney-shaped, and have an outer layer of wooly, white, one-celled hairs.
948:
Brazzein has been isolated from the plant and a company was formed to bring it to market in 2008, which initially said it would start selling the product by 2010 once it obtained agreement from the FDA that its brazzein was
1479:
Guevara, E.E.; Veilleux, C.C.; Saltonstall, K.; Caccone, A.; Mundy, N.I.; Bradley, B.J. (2016). "Potential arms race in the coevolution of primates and angiosperms: brazzein sweet proteins and gorilla taste receptors".
860:, but also occurs regularly on the banks of rivers and in secondary forest. The species is found in particular in forest margins bordering savanna's in Cameroon. It does not appear in clusters anywhere.
365:
petal further consists of a lanceolate to oblanceolate plate, with irregular burgundy-colored splashing, and a pointy tip. Stamens and pistol are separated from the sepals and petals by a firm stalk (or
814:
is the contraction of the Greek words πέντε (pente), meaning "five", διπλόος (diploos), "double", and ἀνδρὸς (andros), "male" or "stamen", a reference to the usually two whorls of five stamens each.
1421:
Assadi-Porter, F. M; Abildgaard, F; Blad, H; Cornilescu, C. C; Markley, J. L (2005). "Brazzein, a small, sweet protein: Effects of mutations on its structure, dynamics and functional properties".
1286:"Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data, and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae"
381:
on top are attached at the base, have two cavities that release pollen by lengthwise slits. The ovary, which may be clearly distanced from the base of the stamens by a
1651:
908:
berries. If factual, this avoidance behavior and the taste gene mutations may indicate a counter-adaptation to deter gorillas from foraging for low-calorie foods.
5201:
5098:
1705:
5206:
5046:
1753:
5059:
1632:
1457:
522:, and has been assigned its own family named Pentadiplandraceae. Analyses of the development of the flower and anatomic features suggest that
5191:
1144:
344:
much longer in terminal racemes, up to 16 cm (6.3 in) long. The individual flowers can be functionally only male, only female or
301:
usually has a mass of branched bulging roots, while the liana morph has a large, fleshy tuber. The branches are without hair and carry
1327:
1698:
1670:
1613:
831:
540:. Current insights in the relationships of the Brassicaceae, based on a 2012 DNA-analysis, are summarized in the following tree.
5085:
1732:
1100:
345:
290:
56:
4933:
1758:
1748:
1691:
950:
4988:
353:
325:
321:
317:
971:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
5137:
1343:
1236:
496:
328:
base, a pointed tip, a dull or shining dark green upper surface and a dull dark green lower surface, and a central
145:
5103:
360:
with a violet margin, which are slightly buiging and fused at their base. Inside are five free white to yellowish
970:
1743:
835:
5142:
904:, and although its diet contains a high proportion of fruit, scientists have not witnessed gorillas consuming
889:
856:
4950:
298:
5064:
839:
460:
452:
189:
888:. Such proteins may imitate sweetness to lure wild animals to eat the berries and disperse the seeds.
5196:
5020:
1570:
1320:
CRC World
Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology
1202:
440:
205:
167:
500:
488:
472:
149:
5163:
4773:
3991:
3883:
3507:
1994:
1738:
1594:
1539:
1218:
480:
213:
51:
5111:
5007:
4730:
4529:
4081:
3941:
3870:
3793:
3674:
3560:
3477:
2842:
1833:
1769:
1586:
1497:
1438:
1403:
1323:
1140:
1063:
448:
341:
43:
5116:
4614:
4604:
4564:
4544:
4320:
4250:
4225:
4172:
3946:
3936:
3699:
3636:
3580:
3555:
3301:
3206:
3173:
2963:
2877:
2872:
2847:
2748:
2710:
2618:
2282:
2145:
2120:
2115:
1908:
1825:
1578:
1531:
1489:
1430:
1393:
1385:
1300:
1210:
1132:
1053:
1043:
985:
940:
The pulp of the berries is eaten by children, and is used as a sweetener in maize porridge.
527:
349:
310:
275:
4895:
4682:
4549:
4534:
4114:
4001:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3931:
3747:
3742:
3542:
3512:
3482:
3366:
3331:
3291:
3266:
3256:
3216:
2968:
2857:
2740:
2715:
2610:
2582:
2572:
2365:
2335:
2277:
2262:
2125:
1951:
1858:
1715:
1285:
929:
612:
390:
386:
94:
1652:"Brazzein entrepreneur seeks partner to take next-generation natural sweetener to market"
420:
such as methyl N-benzylthiocarbamate, methyl and ethyl N-methoxybenzylthiocarbamate, and
278:, but is not yet allowed as a food additive in the United States and the European Union.
5129:
1683:
1574:
1206:
1009:
366:
17:
5124:
4887:
4877:
4859:
4831:
4793:
4783:
4735:
4702:
4692:
4687:
4609:
4559:
4506:
4491:
4376:
4290:
4230:
4220:
4124:
4026:
3961:
3951:
3911:
3893:
3694:
3621:
3409:
3371:
3326:
3261:
3236:
3211:
3155:
3069:
2837:
2784:
2720:
2577:
2469:
2446:
2408:
2385:
2375:
2178:
2040:
1979:
1843:
1559:"Brazzein, a new high-potency thermostable sweet protein from Pentadiplandra brazzeana"
1398:
1373:
873:
394:
81:
1127:
C. Bayer; O. Appel (2003). "Pentadiplandraceae". In K. Kublitski; et al. (eds.).
1058:
1031:
818:
is probably derived from the name of the collector of the type specimen, J. de Brazza
5185:
4869:
4798:
4768:
4745:
4740:
4725:
4677:
4644:
4639:
4574:
4368:
4353:
4300:
4280:
4240:
4235:
4215:
4177:
4129:
4076:
4066:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
3986:
3901:
3878:
3860:
3828:
3813:
3775:
3679:
3659:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3497:
3492:
3472:
3457:
3419:
3414:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3296:
3276:
3251:
3241:
3142:
3064:
3044:
2983:
2978:
2958:
2892:
2862:
2822:
2730:
2725:
2672:
2542:
2504:
2479:
2451:
2436:
2380:
2360:
2355:
2272:
2239:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2130:
2100:
2032:
1999:
1989:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1805:
1787:
1719:
1582:
1543:
1519:
989:
783:
468:
421:
417:
1162:
The
Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world
922:
occasionally as a vegetable. A syrup made from the root is marketed throughout the
324:, 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) long and 1½–5 cm (0.6–2 in) wide, with a
5168:
5012:
4808:
4803:
4788:
4778:
4717:
4599:
4584:
4554:
4511:
4501:
4455:
4432:
4422:
4394:
4295:
4275:
4245:
4187:
4134:
4056:
4011:
3971:
3926:
3916:
3906:
3798:
3767:
3732:
3717:
3631:
3626:
3532:
3286:
3281:
3246:
3226:
3201:
3188:
3178:
3150:
3107:
3102:
3059:
3026:
3011:
2973:
2950:
2887:
2882:
2867:
2832:
2814:
2766:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2567:
2527:
2461:
2441:
2431:
2423:
2390:
2350:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2229:
2224:
2188:
2105:
1984:
1941:
1838:
1815:
1779:
1598:
731:
4999:
1136:
5072:
4982:
4763:
4659:
4619:
4594:
4589:
4579:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4409:
4358:
4310:
4305:
4285:
4265:
4192:
4119:
4061:
4016:
3956:
3921:
3818:
3808:
3752:
3664:
3603:
3598:
3550:
3522:
3502:
3462:
3444:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3311:
3306:
3271:
3165:
3122:
3097:
3021:
2993:
2988:
2827:
2804:
2789:
2758:
2677:
2552:
2532:
2494:
2345:
2340:
2317:
2302:
2244:
2234:
2140:
2135:
2087:
2004:
1928:
1913:
1890:
1885:
1810:
1797:
1193:
Bayer, Clemens (2000). "On the
Identity of Cotylonychia Stapf (Sterculiaceae)".
923:
692:
669:
531:
130:
4846:
4836:
4813:
4697:
4634:
4569:
4496:
4473:
4399:
4345:
4255:
4109:
4096:
4071:
4051:
3803:
3785:
3757:
3727:
3722:
3654:
3613:
3590:
3527:
3517:
3467:
3452:
3381:
3336:
3321:
3231:
3132:
3112:
3074:
3054:
2776:
2682:
2562:
2547:
2537:
2267:
2216:
2155:
2110:
1961:
1918:
1877:
1868:
1032:"Sweet proteins – Potential replacement for artificial low calorie sweeteners"
715:
587:
425:
271:
256:
is an evergreen shrub or liana that is the only species assigned to the genus
4973:
443:
in 1886, who assigned it to the family
Capparaceae, based on a specimen from
5033:
4854:
4823:
4755:
4624:
4483:
4465:
4417:
4386:
4315:
4260:
4197:
4182:
4167:
4104:
4086:
4021:
3996:
3833:
3737:
3689:
3669:
3316:
3221:
3196:
2667:
2659:
2557:
2522:
2499:
2489:
2474:
2413:
2370:
2330:
2307:
2077:
2009:
1900:
1535:
1434:
424:
such as benzyl- and 4-methoxybenzyl glucosinolates. It has cells containing
382:
348:, all on the same plant. They sit on a 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long
333:
1558:
1501:
1442:
1407:
1067:
5155:
1633:"Beyond stevia: Will brazzein make the natural sweeteners premier league?"
1590:
1374:"Interactions of the Sweet Protein Brazzein with the Sweet Taste Receptor"
1048:
5150:
5077:
4967:
4707:
4629:
4539:
4521:
4270:
4207:
4159:
4149:
4006:
3823:
3709:
3684:
3646:
3487:
3356:
3341:
3127:
3117:
3092:
3049:
3016:
2925:
2852:
2649:
2632:
2484:
2400:
2254:
2069:
2059:
1971:
897:
885:
881:
869:
843:
267:
107:
1351:
1175:
5051:
4669:
4335:
3434:
3389:
3084:
3036:
3003:
2917:
2641:
2587:
2095:
1493:
1304:
1222:
851:
536:
306:
1389:
293:
shrub of maximally 5 m (16 ft), but can also develop into a
2940:
2907:
2514:
2325:
1260:
877:
827:
378:
374:
370:
337:
297:, climbing up to 20 m (66 ft) high in the trees. The shrub
120:
4944:
1284:
Su, Jun-Xia; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Li-Bing; Chen, Zhi-Duan (June 2012).
1214:
397:
is rudimentary, and in female flowers the stamens are rudimentary.
340:
in the axils of the leaves or at the tip of the branches, with the
5090:
5038:
928:
847:
444:
401:
361:
357:
294:
68:
5025:
1458:"Gorillas may have evolved a way to beat a cheating berry plant"
901:
329:
302:
4948:
1687:
1671:"Scientists make a sweet discovery: lab-synthesized brazzein"
884:. To humans, the fruit is intensely sweet, but provides few
377:
connected only at the base forming two or three whorls. The
336:
into five to eleven pairs of side veins. The flowers are in
854:. It is not uncommon in upland primary forest dominated by
534:. It has many characters in common with the American genus
1524:
Journal d'Agriculture
Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquée
499:
and
British botanist, physician and scientific explorer
495:
309:
at the base of the ½–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) long
1614:"New sweetener to hit market hungry for alternatives"
1010:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
439:
was first described by French botanist and physician
262:, and has been placed in a family of its own called
4957:
4886:
4868:
4845:
4822:
4754:
4716:
4668:
4657:
4520:
4482:
4464:
4446:
4408:
4385:
4367:
4344:
4333:
4206:
4158:
4147:
4095:
3892:
3869:
3858:
3784:
3766:
3708:
3645:
3612:
3589:
3541:
3443:
3432:
3380:
3187:
3164:
3141:
3083:
3035:
3002:
2949:
2938:
2916:
2905:
2813:
2802:
2775:
2757:
2739:
2691:
2658:
2640:
2631:
2609:
2600:
2513:
2460:
2422:
2399:
2316:
2253:
2215:
2187:
2169:
2086:
2068:
2053:
2031:
2022:
1970:
1927:
1899:
1876:
1867:
1856:
1824:
1796:
1778:
1767:
880:(TAS1R3), that enables them to taste the protein,
385:, has (four or) five cavities and carries a short
1513:
1511:
530:genus branching off near the base of the core
373:with about 6 mm (0.24 in) long thin
1699:
8:
369:), which carries at its top ten to thirteen
356:, ½–1 cm (0.2-0.4 in) long, green
4945:
4665:
4341:
4330:
4155:
4144:
3866:
3440:
2946:
2935:
2913:
2902:
2810:
2799:
2637:
2606:
2065:
2028:
1873:
1864:
1775:
1706:
1692:
1684:
1378:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
274:. Brazzein may be useful as a low-calorie
42:
31:
1482:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1397:
1261:"Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel"
1122:
1120:
1057:
1047:
1348:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
978:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
961:
518:is the only known species in the genus
270:, which is substantially sweeter than
5202:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
7:
1669:Turner, Jeanne (September 8, 2016).
1372:Walters, D. E; Hellekant, G (2006).
305:, simple and entire leaves, without
1650:Watson, Elaine (11 February 2014).
969:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
707:
684:
661:
579:
572:
565:
558:
551:
543:
5207:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
1631:Watson, Elaine (22 October 2012).
1344:"Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon"
1237:"Pentadiplandra gossweileri Exell"
25:
1518:Hladik, C.M.; Hladik, A. (1988).
5143:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:835017-1
4929:
4928:
1557:Ming, D.; Hellekant, G. (1994).
1101:"Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill"
990:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
832:Democratic Republic of the Congo
55:
1129:Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons
352:, and carry five elliptical to
878:taste receptor type 1 member 3
1:
1612:Hills, Sarah (24 June 2008).
1456:Gruber, Karl (13 July 2016).
1318:Quattrocchi, Umberto (1999).
505:Flora of West Tropical Africa
5192:Monotypic Brassicales genera
1583:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01184-2
1137:10.1007/978-3-662-07255-4_33
951:generally recognized as safe
400:The fruit is a globe-shaped
389:topped by a (4– or) 5-lobed
316:The hairless leaf blade is
5223:
1322:. Vol. 3. CRC Press.
493:Pentadiplandra gossweileri
342:common inflorescence stalk
239:Pentadiplandra gossweileri
4924:
2934:
1727:
1176:"Cercopetalum dasyanthum"
780:
728:
712:
705:
689:
682:
666:
659:
634:
609:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
219:
212:
195:
188:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
27:Genus of flowering plants
4989:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
4959:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
935:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
890:Western lowland gorillas
836:Central African Republic
822:Distribution and habitat
437:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
287:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
253:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
199:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
18:Pentadiplandra brazzeana
1536:10.3406/jatba.1988.6676
1160:Byng, James W. (2014).
467:in 1908 as part of the
465:Cotylonychia chevalieri
457:Cercopetalum dasyanthum
231:Cotylonychia chevalieri
223:Cercopetalum dasyanthum
1241:African Plant Database
937:
864:Sweetness and calories
857:Scorodophloeus zenkeri
547:core Brassicales
393:. In male flowers the
1656:FoodNavigator-USA.com
1637:FoodNavigator-USA.com
1618:FoodNavigator-USA.com
1435:10.1093/chemse/bjh128
1049:10.1186/1475-2891-4-5
932:
896:), however, have two
868:Most primates have a
840:Republic of the Congo
453:Ernest Friedrich Gilg
334:branches feather-like
1131:. pp. 329–331.
491:introduced the name
459:in the Capparaceae.
441:Henri Ernest Baillon
1575:1994FEBSL.355..106M
1384:(26): 10129–10133.
1207:2000KewBu..55..499B
826:The plant grows in
501:John McEwan Dalziel
489:Arthur Wallis Exell
4774:Pentaphragmataceae
3992:Stegnospermataceae
3884:Berberidopsidaceae
3508:Pentadiplandraceae
1995:Atherospermataceae
1494:10.1002/ajpa.23046
1429:(Suppl 1): i90–1.
1305:10.1002/tax.613009
938:
638:Pentadiplandraceae
264:Pentadiplandraceae
141:Pentadiplandraceae
5179:
5178:
5112:Open Tree of Life
4951:Taxon identifiers
4942:
4941:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4731:Cardiopteridaceae
4653:
4652:
4530:Plocospermataceae
4329:
4328:
4143:
4142:
4082:Anacampserotaceae
3942:Ancistrocladaceae
3871:Berberidopsidales
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3794:Biebersteiniaceae
3675:Sphaerosepalaceae
3561:Strasburgeriaceae
3478:Setchellanthaceae
3428:
3427:
2901:
2900:
2843:Cercidiphyllaceae
2798:
2797:
2627:
2626:
2596:
2595:
2049:
2048:
2018:
2017:
1852:
1851:
1834:Austrobaileyaceae
1390:10.1021/jf062359y
1146:978-3-642-07680-0
1036:Nutrition Journal
803:
802:
794:
793:
769:
768:
760:
759:
751:
750:
742:
741:
648:
647:
623:
622:
598:
597:
449:Jacques de Brazza
249:
248:
243:
235:
227:
181:P. brazzeana
170:
152:
16:(Redirected from
5214:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5158:
5146:
5145:
5133:
5132:
5120:
5119:
5107:
5106:
5094:
5093:
5081:
5080:
5068:
5067:
5055:
5054:
5042:
5041:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5015:
5003:
5002:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4946:
4932:
4931:
4666:
4615:Thomandersiaceae
4605:Lentibulariaceae
4565:Scrophulariaceae
4545:Tetrachondraceae
4342:
4331:
4321:Mitrastemonaceae
4251:Pentaphylacaceae
4226:Tetrameristaceae
4173:Hydrostachyaceae
4156:
4145:
3947:Rhabdodendraceae
3937:Dioncophyllaceae
3867:
3700:Dipterocarpaceae
3637:Dipentodontaceae
3581:Crossosomataceae
3556:Geissolomataceae
3441:
3302:Chrysobalanaceae
3207:Ctenolophonaceae
3174:Lepidobotryaceae
2964:Anisophylleaceae
2947:
2936:
2914:
2903:
2878:Tetracarpaeaceae
2873:Aphanopetalaceae
2848:Daphniphyllaceae
2811:
2800:
2749:Trochodendraceae
2711:Circaeasteraceae
2638:
2619:Ceratophyllaceae
2607:
2283:Alstroemeriaceae
2146:Potamogetonaceae
2121:Scheuchzeriaceae
2116:Hydrocharitaceae
2066:
2029:
1909:Aristolochiaceae
1874:
1865:
1826:Austrobaileyales
1776:
1772:
1770:Basalangiosperms
1754:Acrogymnospermae
1716:flowering plants
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1350:. Archived from
1340:
1334:
1333:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1097:
1072:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1030:Kant, R (2005).
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
975:
966:
917:Traditional uses
708:
685:
662:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
544:
241:
233:
225:
201:
166:
144:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5167:
5162:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5136:
5128:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5102:
5097:
5089:
5084:
5076:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5011:
5006:
4998:
4996:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4900:
4896:Paracryphiaceae
4882:
4864:
4841:
4818:
4750:
4712:
4683:Torricelliaceae
4662:
4649:
4550:Calceolariaceae
4535:Carlemanniaceae
4516:
4478:
4460:
4442:
4404:
4381:
4363:
4338:
4325:
4202:
4152:
4139:
4115:Balanophoraceae
4091:
4002:Lophiocarpaceae
3982:Achatocarpaceae
3977:Caryophyllaceae
3967:Macarthuriaceae
3932:Drosophyllaceae
3888:
3863:
3838:
3780:
3762:
3748:Crypteroniaceae
3743:Melastomataceae
3704:
3641:
3608:
3585:
3543:Crossosomatales
3537:
3513:Gyrostemonaceae
3483:Koeberliniaceae
3437:
3424:
3376:
3367:Picrodendraceae
3332:Lacistemataceae
3292:Dichapetalaceae
3267:Centroplacaceae
3257:Lophopyxidaceae
3217:Erythroxylaceae
3183:
3160:
3137:
3079:
3031:
2998:
2969:Corynocarpaceae
2943:
2930:
2910:
2897:
2858:Grossulariaceae
2807:
2794:
2771:
2753:
2741:Trochodendrales
2735:
2716:Lardizabalaceae
2687:
2654:
2623:
2611:Ceratophyllales
2602:Ceratophyllidae
2592:
2583:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2573:Flagellariaceae
2509:
2456:
2418:
2395:
2366:Tecophilaeaceae
2336:Blandfordiaceae
2312:
2278:Petermanniaceae
2263:Campynemataceae
2249:
2211:
2183:
2165:
2126:Aponogetonaceae
2082:
2057:
2045:
2014:
1966:
1952:Himantandraceae
1923:
1895:
1861:
1859:Mesangiospermae
1848:
1820:
1792:
1768:
1763:
1744:Marchantiophyta
1723:
1712:
1682:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1460:. New Scientist
1455:
1454:
1450:
1423:Chemical Senses
1420:
1419:
1415:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1215:10.2307/4115670
1192:
1191:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1075:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
994:
992:
973:
968:
967:
963:
959:
946:
919:
914:
894:Gorilla gorilla
866:
824:
809:
804:
795:
770:
761:
752:
743:
649:
624:
613:Gyrostemonaceae
599:
513:
497:John Hutchinson
434:
411:
303:alternately set
284:
208:
203:
197:
184:
165:
143:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:wfo-0000395449
5160:
5147:
5134:
5121:
5108:
5095:
5082:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5030:
5017:
5004:
4994:
4979:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4888:Paracryphiales
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4878:Escalloniaceae
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4860:Caprifoliaceae
4857:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4832:Columelliaceae
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4794:Argophyllaceae
4791:
4786:
4784:Alseuosmiaceae
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4736:Phyllonomaceae
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4703:Myodocarpaceae
4700:
4695:
4693:Pittosporaceae
4690:
4688:Griseliniaceae
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4663:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4610:Schlegeliaceae
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4560:Plantaginaceae
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4507:Sphenocleaceae
4504:
4499:
4494:
4492:Convolvulaceae
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4377:Metteniusaceae
4373:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4291:Sarraceniaceae
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4231:Fouquieriaceae
4228:
4223:
4221:Marcgraviaceae
4218:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Misodendraceae
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4027:Phytolaccaceae
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:Asteropeiaceae
3959:
3954:
3952:Simmondsiaceae
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Plumbaginaceae
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3894:Caryophyllales
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3695:Sarcolaenaceae
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:Gerrardinaceae
3618:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Elaeocarpaceae
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3372:Phyllanthaceae
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Passifloraceae
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3262:Putranjivaceae
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Calophyllaceae
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Rhizophoraceae
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3156:Zygophyllaceae
3153:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3070:Ticodendraceae
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2838:Hamamelidaceae
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2785:Myrothamnaceae
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:Menispermaceae
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Joinvilleaceae
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Strelitziaceae
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2447:Pontederiaceae
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2409:Dasypogonaceae
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2386:Amaryllidaceae
2383:
2378:
2376:Xeronemataceae
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2179:Petrosaviaceae
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2041:Chloranthaceae
2037:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Calycanthaceae
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1844:Schisandraceae
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1749:Polypodiophyta
1746:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1661:
1642:
1623:
1604:
1569:(1): 106–108.
1549:
1507:
1488:(1): 181–185.
1471:
1448:
1413:
1364:
1335:
1329:978-0849326738
1328:
1310:
1299:(3): 601–611.
1276:
1252:
1228:
1201:(2): 499–500.
1185:
1167:
1164:. p. 317.
1152:
1145:
1116:
1073:
1022:
1001:
984:(2): 105–121.
960:
958:
955:
945:
942:
918:
915:
913:
910:
900:in the TAS1R3
874:taste receptor
865:
862:
823:
820:
812:Pentadiplandra
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
788:
787:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
762:
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
711:
706:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
688:
683:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
665:
660:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
642:
641:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
621:
620:
617:
616:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
596:
595:
592:
591:
583:
578:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
550:
548:
542:
524:Pentadiplandra
520:Pentadiplandra
512:
509:
485:Pentadiplandra
433:
430:
422:glucosinolates
418:thiocarbamates
414:Pentadiplandra
410:
409:Phytochemistry
407:
367:androgynophore
283:
280:
259:Pentadiplandra
247:
246:
245:
244:
236:
228:
217:
216:
210:
209:
204:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
176:
172:
171:
162:Pentadiplandra
158:
154:
153:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
36:Pentadiplandra
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5219:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4935:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4870:Escalloniales
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Menyanthaceae
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Campanulaceae
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4746:Aquifoliaceae
4744:
4742:
4741:Helwingiaceae
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Stemonuraceae
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:Pennantiaceae
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4646:
4645:Orobanchaceae
4643:
4641:
4640:Paulowniaceae
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:Linderniaceae
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4369:Metteniusales
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Oncothecaceae
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Actinidiaceae
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Diapensiaceae
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4241:Lecythidaceae
4239:
4237:
4236:Polemoniaceae
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:Balsaminaceae
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:Hydrangeaceae
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4130:Schoepfiaceae
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Portulacaceae
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Halophytaceae
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:Molluginaceae
4045:
4043:
4042:Nyctaginaceae
4040:
4038:
4037:Sarcobataceae
4035:
4033:
4032:Petiveriaceae
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Amaranthaceae
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Frankeniaceae
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Aextoxicaceae
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3861:Superasterids
3857:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Simaroubaceae
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Anacardiaceae
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3776:Picramniaceae
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:Thymelaeaceae
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Muntingiaceae
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Stachyuraceae
3574:
3572:
3571:Guamatelaceae
3569:
3567:
3566:Staphyleaceae
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Emblingiaceae
3496:
3494:
3493:Salvadoraceae
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Limnanthaceae
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Tropaeolaceae
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3420:Brunelliaceae
3418:
3416:
3415:Cephalotaceae
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Ixonanthaceae
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Euphorbiaceae
3350:
3348:
3347:Rafflesiaceae
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Euphroniaceae
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Malpighiaceae
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Caryocaraceae
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Podostemaceae
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3143:Zygophyllales
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Casuarinaceae
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Nothofagaceae
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Tetramelaceae
2982:
2980:
2979:Cucurbitaceae
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Apodanthaceae
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2893:Cynomoriaceae
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Saxifragaceae
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Peridiscaceae
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2731:Ranunculaceae
2729:
2727:
2726:Berberidaceae
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Nelumbonaceae
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Eriocaulaceae
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2505:Zingiberaceae
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Heliconiaceae
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2452:Haemodoraceae
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Commelinaceae
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Asphodelaceae
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Ixioliriaceae
2359:
2357:
2356:Doryanthaceae
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Melanthiaceae
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Cyclanthaceae
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2207:Dioscoreaceae
2205:
2203:
2202:Burmanniaceae
2200:
2198:
2197:Nartheciaceae
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:Petrosaviales
2168:
2162:
2161:Cymodoceaceae
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Posidoniaceae
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Juncaginaceae
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Tofieldiaceae
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2033:Chloranthales
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Chloranthidae
2021:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Hernandiaceae
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Gomortegaceae
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Eupomatiaceae
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Degeneriaceae
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Myristicaceae
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Hydatellaceae
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1788:Amborellaceae
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:(in French).
1525:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1354:on 2016-03-03
1353:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1011:
1005:
1002:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
965:
962:
956:
954:
952:
943:
941:
936:
931:
927:
925:
916:
911:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
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871:
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861:
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858:
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849:
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841:
837:
833:
829:
821:
819:
817:
813:
806:
799:
798:
790:
789:
786:
785:
784:Emblingiaceae
778:
777:
774:
773:
765:
764:
756:
755:
747:
746:
738:
737:
734:
733:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
710:
709:
703:
702:
699:
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686:
680:
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676:
675:
672:
671:
664:
663:
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644:
643:
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632:
631:
628:
627:
619:
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602:
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589:
582:
581:
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568:
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560:
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541:
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533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Clemens Bayer
470:
469:Sterculiaceae
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:
406:
403:
398:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:hermaphrodite
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
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314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
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237:
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224:
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220:
218:
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211:
207:
202:
200:
194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
169:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
151:
147:
142:
139:
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119:
116:
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109:
106:
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100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4958:
4809:Calyceraceae
4804:Goodeniaceae
4789:Phellinaceae
4779:Stylidiaceae
4718:Aquifoliales
4600:Bignoniaceae
4585:Martyniaceae
4555:Gesneriaceae
4512:Hydroleaceae
4502:Montiniaceae
4456:Boraginaceae
4433:Gelsemiaceae
4423:Gentianaceae
4395:Eucommiaceae
4296:Roridulaceae
4276:Symplocaceae
4246:Sladeniaceae
4188:Curtisiaceae
4135:Loranthaceae
4057:Didiereaceae
4012:Barbeuiaceae
3972:Microteaceae
3927:Nepenthaceae
3917:Polygonaceae
3907:Tamaricaceae
3799:Nitrariaceae
3768:Picramniales
3733:Vochysiaceae
3718:Combretaceae
3632:Tapisciaceae
3627:Petenaeaceae
3533:Brassicaceae
3287:Trigoniaceae
3282:Balanopaceae
3247:Hypericaceae
3227:Bonnetiaceae
3202:Irvingiaceae
3189:Malpighiales
3179:Celastraceae
3151:Krameriaceae
3108:Elaeagnaceae
3103:Dirachmaceae
3060:Juglandaceae
3027:Polygalaceae
3012:Quillajaceae
2974:Coriariaceae
2951:Cucurbitales
2888:Haloragaceae
2883:Penthoraceae
2868:Crassulaceae
2833:Altingiaceae
2815:Saxifragales
2767:Dilleniaceae
2706:Papaveraceae
2701:Eupteleaceae
2693:Ranunculales
2601:
2568:Restionaceae
2528:Bromeliaceae
2462:Zingiberales
2442:Philydraceae
2432:Hanguanaceae
2424:Commelinales
2391:Asparagaceae
2351:Hypoxidaceae
2298:Ripogonaceae
2293:Philesiaceae
2288:Colchicaceae
2230:Velloziaceae
2225:Triuridaceae
2189:Dioscoreales
2106:Alismataceae
2054:
2023:
1985:Siparunaceae
1942:Magnoliaceae
1839:Trimeniaceae
1816:Nymphaeaceae
1780:Amborellales
1759:Angiospermae
1714:Families of
1674:
1664:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1626:
1617:
1607:
1566:
1563:FEBS Letters
1562:
1552:
1527:
1523:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1464:27 September
1462:. Retrieved
1451:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:the original
1347:
1338:
1319:
1313:
1296:
1292:
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1198:
1195:Kew Bulletin
1194:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1128:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
1004:
993:. Retrieved
981:
977:
964:
947:
939:
934:
920:
906:P. brazzeana
905:
893:
867:
855:
825:
815:
811:
810:
781:
732:Brassicaceae
729:
713:
690:
667:
637:
635:
610:
585:
535:
523:
519:
516:P. brazzeana
515:
514:
504:
492:
484:
477:Cotylonychia
476:
464:
456:
447:in Congo by
436:
435:
413:
412:
399:
326:wedge-shaped
322:oblanceolate
315:
286:
285:
263:
258:
257:
252:
251:
250:
238:
230:
222:
198:
196:
180:
179:
161:
160:
140:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
5197:Brassicales
5130:kew-2409420
5073:iNaturalist
4983:Wikispecies
4764:Rousseaceae
4660:Campanulids
4620:Verbenaceae
4595:Acanthaceae
4590:Pedaliaceae
4580:Byblidaceae
4448:Boraginales
4438:Apocynaceae
4428:Loganiaceae
4410:Gentianales
4359:Icacinaceae
4311:Cyrillaceae
4306:Clethraceae
4286:Styracaceae
4266:Primulaceae
4193:Grubbiaceae
4120:Santalaceae
4062:Basellaceae
4017:Gisekiaceae
3957:Physenaceae
3922:Droseraceae
3819:Sapindaceae
3809:Burseraceae
3753:Alzateaceae
3665:Neuradaceae
3604:Francoaceae
3599:Geraniaceae
3551:Aphloiaceae
3523:Capparaceae
3503:Tovariaceae
3463:Moringaceae
3445:Brassicales
3405:Cunoniaceae
3400:Oxalidaceae
3395:Connaraceae
3312:Achariaceae
3307:Humiriaceae
3272:Elatinaceae
3166:Celastrales
3123:Cannabaceae
3098:Barbeyaceae
3022:Surianaceae
2994:Begoniaceae
2989:Datiscaceae
2828:Paeoniaceae
2805:Superrosids
2790:Gunneraceae
2759:Dilleniales
2678:Platanaceae
2553:Thurniaceae
2533:Rapateaceae
2495:Marantaceae
2346:Lanariaceae
2341:Asteliaceae
2326:Orchidaceae
2318:Asparagales
2303:Smilacaceae
2245:Pandanaceae
2235:Stemonaceae
2141:Zosteraceae
2136:Maundiaceae
2088:Alismatales
2005:Monimiaceae
1929:Magnoliales
1914:Saururaceae
1891:Winteraceae
1886:Canellaceae
1869:Magnoliidae
1811:Cabombaceae
1798:Nymphaeales
1731:Supergroup
944:Modern uses
924:Congo Basin
693:Capparaceae
670:Tovariaceae
532:Brassicales
471:. In 2000,
451:. In 1897,
282:Description
131:Brassicales
95:Angiosperms
5186:Categories
5125:Plant List
4847:Dipsacales
4837:Bruniaceae
4814:Asteraceae
4698:Araliaceae
4635:Phrymaceae
4570:Stilbaceae
4497:Solanaceae
4474:Vahliaceae
4400:Garryaceae
4346:Icacinales
4256:Sapotaceae
4110:Opiliaceae
4097:Santalales
4072:Talinaceae
4052:Montiaceae
3804:Kirkiaceae
3786:Sapindales
3758:Penaeaceae
3728:Onagraceae
3723:Lythraceae
3655:Cytinaceae
3614:Huerteales
3591:Geraniales
3528:Cleomaceae
3518:Resedaceae
3468:Caricaceae
3453:Akaniaceae
3382:Oxalidales
3337:Salicaceae
3322:Goupiaceae
3232:Clusiaceae
3133:Urticaceae
3113:Rhamnaceae
3075:Betulaceae
3055:Myricaceae
2777:Gunnerales
2683:Proteaceae
2563:Cyperaceae
2548:Mayacaceae
2538:Xyridaceae
2268:Corsiaceae
2217:Pandanales
2156:Ruppiaceae
2111:Butomaceae
1962:Annonaceae
1919:Piperaceae
1878:Canellales
1358:2017-07-29
1270:2017-08-03
1246:2017-08-01
1110:2017-07-27
995:2013-07-06
957:References
933:fruits of
716:Cleomaceae
588:Resedaceae
481:synonymous
463:described
461:Otto Stapf
455:described
426:myrosinase
354:lanceolate
318:elliptical
311:leaf stalk
291:monoecious
272:saccharose
5078:141432263
4855:Adoxaceae
4824:Bruniales
4756:Asterales
4625:Lamiaceae
4484:Solanales
4466:Vahliales
4418:Rubiaceae
4387:Garryales
4316:Ericaceae
4261:Ebenaceae
4198:Cornaceae
4183:Loasaceae
4168:Nyssaceae
4105:Olacaceae
4087:Cactaceae
4022:Aizoaceae
3997:Limeaceae
3834:Meliaceae
3738:Myrtaceae
3690:Cistaceae
3670:Malvaceae
3317:Violaceae
3222:Ochnaceae
3197:Pandaceae
2668:Sabiaceae
2660:Proteales
2558:Juncaceae
2523:Typhaceae
2500:Costaceae
2490:Cannaceae
2475:Lowiaceae
2414:Arecaceae
2371:Iridaceae
2331:Boryaceae
2308:Liliaceae
2078:Acoraceae
2010:Lauraceae
1901:Piperales
1739:Bryophyta
1675:Food Dive
1544:163717669
1530:: 51–66.
1015:15 August
898:mutations
876:protein,
816:brazzeana
807:Etymology
511:Phylogeny
507:in 1928.
416:contains
383:gynophore
375:filaments
276:sweetener
175:Species:
65:Kingdom:
5151:Tropicos
5091:835017-1
4968:Wikidata
4934:Category
4708:Apiaceae
4630:Mazaceae
4540:Oleaceae
4522:Lamiales
4271:Theaceae
4208:Ericales
4160:Cornales
4150:Asterids
4007:Kewaceae
3824:Rutaceae
3710:Myrtales
3685:Bixaceae
3647:Malvales
3488:Bataceae
3357:Linaceae
3342:Peraceae
3128:Moraceae
3118:Ulmaceae
3093:Rosaceae
3050:Fagaceae
3017:Fabaceae
2926:Vitaceae
2853:Iteaceae
2650:Buxaceae
2633:Eudicots
2485:Musaceae
2401:Arecales
2255:Liliales
2070:Acorales
2060:Monocots
1972:Laurales
1502:27393125
1443:15738211
1408:17177550
1265:Tropicos
1180:Tropicos
1068:15703077
886:calories
882:brazzein
870:genotype
844:Cameroon
432:Taxonomy
307:stipules
268:brazzein
214:Synonyms
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
5156:5900863
5052:3872545
5026:5163504
4974:Q134544
4670:Apiales
4336:Lamiids
3435:Malvids
3390:Huaceae
3085:Rosales
3037:Fagales
3004:Fabales
2918:Vitales
2642:Buxales
2588:Poaceae
2096:Araceae
2055:Lilidae
1599:6650703
1591:7957951
1571:Bibcode
1399:2527743
1223:4115670
1203:Bibcode
1105:PROTA4U
872:of the
852:Nigeria
782:family
730:family
714:family
691:family
668:family
636:family
611:family
586:family
537:Tovaria
503:in the
475:showed
379:anthers
371:stamens
338:racemes
157:Genus:
150:Dalziel
127:Order:
69:Plantae
5117:509568
5065:402907
5000:177503
4997:APDB:
2941:Fabids
2908:Rosids
2515:Poales
1720:APG IV
1597:
1589:
1542:
1500:
1441:
1406:
1396:
1326:
1221:
1143:
1066:
1059:549512
1056:
838:, the
834:, the
830:, the
828:Angola
528:relict
479:to be
391:stigma
362:petals
358:sepals
206:Baill.
168:Baill.
148:&
146:Hutch.
121:Rosids
5104:43545
5039:PJDBR
5013:76LSF
1733:Plant
1595:S2CID
1540:S2CID
1293:Taxon
1289:(PDF)
1219:JSTOR
1042:: 5.
974:(PDF)
848:Gabon
526:is a
445:Osika
402:berry
395:ovary
387:style
350:stalk
332:that
299:morph
295:liana
289:is a
242:Exell
234:Stapf
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
5138:POWO
5099:NCBI
5086:IPNI
5060:GRIN
5047:GBIF
5034:EPPO
1587:PMID
1498:PMID
1466:2017
1439:PMID
1404:PMID
1324:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1064:PMID
1017:2015
912:Uses
902:gene
850:and
330:vein
226:Gilg
5164:WFO
5021:EoL
5008:CoL
1579:doi
1567:355
1532:doi
1490:doi
1486:161
1431:doi
1394:PMC
1386:doi
1301:doi
1211:doi
1133:doi
1054:PMC
1044:doi
986:doi
982:161
483:to
320:to
5188::
5166::
5153::
5140::
5127::
5114::
5101::
5088::
5075::
5062::
5049::
5036::
5023::
5010::
4985::
4970::
1673:.
1654:.
1635:.
1616:.
1593:.
1585:.
1577:.
1565:.
1561:.
1538:.
1528:35
1522:.
1510:^
1496:.
1484:.
1437:.
1427:30
1425:.
1402:.
1392:.
1382:54
1380:.
1376:.
1346:.
1297:61
1295:.
1291:.
1263:.
1239:.
1217:.
1209:.
1199:55
1197:.
1178:.
1139:.
1119:^
1103:.
1076:^
1062:.
1052:.
1038:.
1034:.
980:.
976:.
926:.
846:,
842:,
487:.
428:.
313:.
117::
104::
91::
78::
2062:)
2058:(
1735::
1722:)
1718:(
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1677:.
1658:.
1639:.
1620:.
1601:.
1581::
1573::
1546:.
1534::
1504:.
1492::
1468:.
1445:.
1433::
1410:.
1388::
1361:.
1332:.
1307:.
1303::
1273:.
1249:.
1225:.
1213::
1205::
1182:.
1149:.
1135::
1113:.
1070:.
1046::
1040:4
1019:.
998:.
988::
892:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
