50:
586:
120:
108:
355:
561:
432:
418:
390:
362:
404:
376:
335:
meant they were seen as a threat not only to the 1661 kirk settlement but the stability of the regime as a whole. In dealing with them, the government alternated between persecution and toleration; in 1663, dissenting ministers were declared 'seditious persons', with heavy fines for those who failed
593:
On
December 19, 1666, nine Covenentors and participants in the Pentland Rising were beheaded in the square of Glasgow. A marker describes the event: "Here lies the corpse of Robert Bunton, John Hart, Robert Scot, Matthew Patoun, John Richmond, James Johnston, Archibald Stewart, Jams Winning, and
572:
Seeing this opportunity, Drummond now attacked; outnumbered and under pressure all along their front, the
Covenanter position collapsed and they fled into the night, leaving around 50 dead, many killed in the pursuit that followed. The casualties included John Cruickshank and Andrew McCormack, two
568:
Drummond's cavalry were driven off, but the main force was only four miles away, too close for the
Covenanters to escape. Wallace formed up his troops on the high ground above Glencorse River and waited while Dalyell deployed his men into battle formation. The Covenanter left was attacked on three
547:
the next day, just outside the city. However, they were unable to enter
Edinburgh, while many of their men were exhausted by two weeks of marching around Scotland in the winter. With their route to the west blocked by Dalyell, Wallace moved east and then south along the line of the Pentland Hills,
1051:
Memoirs of Rev. John
Blackader : compiled chiefly from unpublished manuscripts and memoirs of his life and ministry written by himself while prisoner on the Bass : and containing illustrations of the Episcopal persecution from the restoration to the death of Charles II : with an
573:
Presbyterian ministers from Ulster, while estimates of prisoners taken varies from 80 to 140. Most of the leaders escaped, including
Wallace, who made his way to the Netherlands where he died in 1678, and Learmont, who was hidden by sympathisers in Ulster and returned to Scotland to fight at
651:
administration initially pursued a more moderate policy towards
Presbyterian dissidents. This was soon superseded by a renewed persecution, which continued over the next two decades, culminating in the extended period of repression from 1679 to 1688 known as
324:; about a third, or around 270 in total, refused to do so and lost their positions as a result. Many were based in the south-west of Scotland, an area particularly strong in its Covenanting sympathies; they held informal services in open fields known as
569:
separate occasions, each of which was repulsed, with a fourth attempt taking place in the late afternoon. At this point, a small body of
Covenanter cavalry moved across the battlefield to relieve the pressure on their left, exposing their right.
512:. However, the number of rebels quickly grew to around 700, sparked by a mixture of religious fervour and economic hardship, the majority of whom were unemployed artisans or workers. The leadership consisted of radical ministers like
636:, a young preacher recently returned from the Netherlands; both were tortured for information before being executed on 14 and 22 December respectively. In all, 36 prisoners were executed in Edinburgh, Glasgow and
594:
John Main, who suffered at the Cross of
Glasgow for their testimony of the covenants and work of the Reformation because they did not noun the Authority of the Tyrants destroying the same betwixt 1666 and 1668."
462:. This has traditionally been portrayed as a spontaneous action, allegedly triggered when local Covenanters came across soldiers threatening an elderly man for non-payment of a fine. Led by Robert McClellan of
628:
in 1662. The presence of
Cruickshank and McCormack hinted at the possibility of a conspiracy uniting Ulster and southwest Scotland, which if combined with Dutch military support would pose a serious threat.
283:
While casualties were relatively light, between 40 and 50 Covenanters were killed and up to 85 prisoners taken, many of whom were alleged to have been tortured. 36 were executed and others transported to
1406:
The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation
1180:
1501:
1264:
1202:
656:. Those executed took their place in a tradition of Covenanter martyrs, which became particularly prominent in the 19th century, when their graves were marked with memorials.
1330:
1380:
549:
144:
41:
520:, along with disgruntled minor gentry like McClellan and John Neilson of Corsock. On 21 November, they were joined by Wallace who assumed command, with
504:
Many were wary of participation, while concerns over a Dutch-inspired revolt meant the government had already arrested prominent dissidents such as
1437:
49:
624:
Wallace and other leaders of the revolt had previously been implicated in conspiracies in both Scotland and Ireland, including the plot to seize
1064:
648:
477:, where they captured Turner. However, there is also evidence plans for co-ordinated action had been under discussion for several months;
354:
1486:
964:
936:
1056:
1022:
543:
on 26 November, their numbers had increased to 1,100; here they stopped to publicly subscribe to the Covenant, before moving onto
1339:
1273:
1211:
1189:
997:
872:
288:, while unrest continued over the next two decades, culminating in the extended period of repression from 1679 to 1688 known as
1246:
265:
548:
halting near Rullion Green to wait for stragglers. Here they were intercepted by a troop of cavalry led by Dalyell's deputy,
1164:
Inscriptions on the tombstones and monuments erected in memory of the Covenanters; with historical introduction and notes
1496:
1282:
585:
210:
898:
632:
This may account for the severity of the government response. The few leaders to be captured included John Neilson and
458:
were sent into the southwest to enforce these sanctions and the so-called Pentland Rising began on 12 November 1666 in
459:
1481:
1260:
1198:
1176:
1049:
1041:
478:
332:
1476:
1388:
574:
536:
513:
509:
505:
493:. On learning of the rising, members of this group were sent to provide leadership and rally support, among them
1410:
532:
494:
277:
273:
155:
139:
917:
445:
317:
1355:
1364:
1252:
Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement
1168:
517:
455:
345:
301:
1078:
1068:
1307:
1292:
1288:
Sketches of Scottish church history : embracing the period from the Reformation to the Revolution
1491:
1424:
1409:. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Blackie, Fullarton & co., and Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & co. pp.
948:
Politics and religion; a study in Scottish history from the reformation to the revolution, Volume II
1153:
531:, a city generally sympathetic to their cause, but the road was blocked by a government army under
305:
112:
1303:
Galloway and the Covenanters; or, The struggle for religious liberty in the south-west of Scotland
1229:
1374:
983:
577:
in 1679. Veitch and Welsh also avoided arrest and remained prominent in the Covenanter movement.
313:
269:
1052:
appendix giving a short account of the history and siege of the Bass & / by Andrew Crichton
1132:
1120:
960:
932:
807:
321:
473:
Realising this would lead to reprisals, McClellan assembled what men he could and moved onto
1002:
877:
653:
289:
229:
1239:
The secret and true history of the church of Scotland from the Restoration to the year 1678
1141:
1045:
521:
463:
160:
1162:
1349:
1221:
1395:. Vol. Memoirs of Mr. William Veitch, and George Brysson. W. Blackwood; T. Cadell.
1268:
1206:
341:
246:
75:
1072:
466:, they disarmed them, which was followed by a similar action in the nearly village of
1470:
1400:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1250:
625:
1100:
1404:
633:
467:
325:
1014:
889:
1152:. Dumfries: Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society:
1131:. Dumfries: Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society:
1006:
881:
832:"Scotch-Irish Pioneers in Ulster and America" by Charles Knowles Bolton, p 262.
17:
1334:
1184:
535:. Instead, they marched on Edinburgh, ostensibly to present a petition to the
258:
250:
124:
1452:
1439:
560:
486:
482:
974:
Sidgwick, M (1906). "The Pentland Rising and the Battle of Rullion Green".
340:". Close cultural, commercial and religious links between Scotland and the
1055:(2 ed.). Edinburgh: Printed for A. Constable & Company. pp.
919:
Saints and subverters : the later Covenanters in Scotland c.1648-1682
641:
544:
490:
474:
285:
987:
528:
79:
1222:"Chapter XXIII - The Ruling of Rothes and the Rising of Rullion Green"
540:
498:
337:
309:
995:
Stronach, George; Furgol, Edward (2006). "Wallace, James (d.1678)".
584:
559:
870:
Erskine, Caroline (2009). "Participants in the Pentland rising".
331:
The Covenanter role in the disputes that led to the 1638 to 1651
637:
348:
in 1665, while the war severely damaged the Scottish economy.
344:
meant these concerns heightened following the outbreak of the
54:
The Dalry Covenanter Sculpture which commemorates the uprising
778:
776:
1354:. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. pp.
539:
and hoping for reinforcements. By the time they reached
253:, Scotland. It was the only significant battle of the
1228:. Vol. 2. Glasgow: John Smith and son. pp.
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
955:
Mitchison, Rosalind; Fry, Peter; Fry, Fiona (2002).
927:
Mackie, JD; Lenman, Bruce; Parker, Geoffrey (1986).
1318:
Covenanters and Conventicles in South West Scotland
225:
217:
208:
696:
672:
328:, which often attracted thousands of worshippers.
1348:Thomson, J. H. (1903). Hutchison, Matthew (ed.).
1291:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: J. Johnstone. pp.
1146:Transactions and Journal of Proceedings 1912-1913
1125:Transactions and Journal of Proceedings 1911-1912
1077:. Vol. 3. Glasgow : Blackie. pp.
684:
34:
1502:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland
1393:Narrative of the Rising Suppressed at Pentland
1343:. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1215:. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1193:. Vol. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
841:
481:records meetings held by dissenting clergy in
1277:. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1074:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen
794:
8:
1379:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1366:Memoirs of his own life and times, 1632â1670
1255:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
1001:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
876:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
485:during the summer, including attendees from
261:dissidents against the Scottish government.
814:. Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association
616:Caused beat the drums there in great fury,
27:1666 battle of the Scottish Covenanter Wars
1285:(1846). "Chapter III: From 1663 to 1666".
276:was defeated by a government force led by
48:
31:
1105:Scottish Covenanter Memorials Association
743:
612:Whose heads and bodies were not sparred,
245:took place on 28 November 1666, near the
853:
782:
767:
755:
647:While the rising had little impact, the
1027:The Pentland Rising & Rullion Green
998:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
873:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
719:
665:
497:, an experienced soldier who served in
1372:
1306:. Paisley : A. Gardner. pp.
336:to attend the parish churches of the "
1142:"John Welsh, the Irongray Covenanter"
1121:"John Welsh, the Irongray Covenanter"
731:
608:Cause they adhered in their station,
431:
224:
216:
207:
7:
1087:The Scottish Covenanters, 1660-1688,
620:To murder Saints was no sweet play.
501:and Scotland during the civil wars.
1329:Pollard, Albert Frederick (1899). "
610:These nine and others in this yard
320:were required to renounce the 1638
1324:(MPhil(R)). University of Glasgow.
1094:Scotland from James V to James VII
618:They'll know at resurrection day,
25:
922:(PhD). University of Strathclyde.
614:Their Testimonies, foes to bury,
417:
1369:. Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club.
1340:Dictionary of National Biography
1274:Dictionary of National Biography
1212:Dictionary of National Biography
1190:Dictionary of National Biography
697:Mackie, Lenman & Parker 1986
673:Mackie, Lenman & Parker 1986
602:those bodied here interred lie,
598:Years sixty-six and eighty-four
449:Pentlands Campaign November 1666
430:
416:
402:
389:
388:
374:
360:
353:
118:
106:
946:Mathieson, William Law (1902).
640:, the remainder transported to
600:Did send these souls to Glory,
361:
1391:(1825). M'Crie, Thomas (ed.).
976:The Scottish Historical Review
403:
266:restoration of episcopalianism
1:
1403:(1835). Burns, Robert (ed.).
1351:The martyr graves of Scotland
1300:Morton, Alexander S. (1914).
685:Mitchison, Fry & Fry 2002
375:
264:Sparked by opposition to the
1220:Hewison, James King (1913).
1101:"Dalry Covenanter Sculpture"
1067:(1870). "James Wallace". In
1015:UK public library membership
890:UK public library membership
604:They sacrificed to tyranny,
1363:Turner, James, Sir (1828).
1261:Mackay, Aeneas James George
1199:Henderson, Thomas Finlayson
1177:Henderson, Thomas Finlayson
606:To covenant a reformation,
589:The Battle of Rullion Green
302:restoration of the monarchy
1518:
1487:Battles involving Scotland
1167:. Glasgow: Dunn. pp.
842:Stronach & Furgol 2006
808:"Glasow Cathedral Martyrs"
333:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
272:, a Covenanter army under
899:"Battle of Rullion Green"
537:Privy Council of Scotland
506:James Steuart of Coltness
235:
204:
182:
169:
130:
99:
58:
47:
39:
564:Rullion Green battle map
533:Tam Dalyell of the Binns
495:James Wallace of Auchens
460:St. John's Town of Dalry
278:Tam Dalyell of the Binns
156:James Wallace of Auchens
140:Tam Dalyell of the Binns
42:Scottish Covenanter Wars
1237:Kirkton, James (1817).
1161:Gibson, James (1875c).
1140:Dunlop, Samuel (1913).
1119:Dunlop, Samuel (1912).
916:McIntyre, Neil (2016).
243:Battle of Rullion Green
35:Battle of Rullion Green
1315:Morton, David (2013).
1023:Terry, Charles Sanford
1007:10.1093/ref:odnb/28533
882:10.1093/ref:odnb/98249
590:
565:
527:The original goal was
346:Second Anglo-Dutch War
211:Registered battlefield
131:Commanders and leaders
1181:Paton, James (d.1684)
957:A History of Scotland
929:A History of Scotland
812:www.covenanter.org.uk
588:
563:
454:Troops under General
274:Colonel James Wallace
183:Casualties and losses
125:Covenanter insurgents
1453:55.85005°N 3.25505°W
931:. Hippocrene Books.
510:Provost of Edinburgh
446:class=notpageimage|
257:, a brief revolt by
1497:Torture in Scotland
1449: /
897:Historic Scotland.
675:, pp. 231â234.
306:Rescissory Act 1661
113:Scottish Royal Army
1458:55.85005; -3.25505
1265:Carstares, William
591:
566:
314:Church of Scotland
270:Church of Scotland
226:Reference no.
91:Government victory
1482:Conflicts in 1666
1013:(Subscription or
888:(Subscription or
795:Historic Scotland
758:, pp. 62â63.
322:National Covenant
239:
238:
197:36 later executed
95:
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16:(Redirected from
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1477:1666 in Scotland
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1241:. J. Ballantyne.
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654:The Killing Time
550:William Drummond
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290:The Killing Time
221:30 November 2011
145:William Drummond
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1269:Stephen, Leslie
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1226:The Covenanters
1219:
1207:Stephen, Leslie
1203:Dalyell, Thomas
1197:
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1092:Donaldson, G.,
1069:Thomson, Thomas
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1042:Blackader, John
1040:
1037:
1029:. J. MacLehose.
1021:
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994:
982:(12): 449â452.
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950:. J. Maclehose.
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738:
734:, pp. 4â7.
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524:as his deputy.
522:Joseph Learmont
479:John Blackadder
464:Barscobe Castle
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255:Pentland Rising
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194:40 to 50 killed
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161:Joseph Learmont
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18:Pentland Rising
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1401:Wodrow, Robert
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785:, p. 452.
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746:, p. 212.
744:Mathieson 1902
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699:, p. 235.
689:
687:, p. 253.
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959:. Routledge.
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855:
854:McIntyre 2016
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784:
783:Sidgwick 1906
779:
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752:
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175:2,000 â 3,000
174:
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1492:Covenanters
1456: /
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1185:Lee, Sidney
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316:, or kirk.
178:750 â 1,100
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1425:Galt, John
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892:required.)
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660:References
649:Lauderdale
556:The battle
518:John Welsh
300:After the
296:Background
259:Covenanter
251:Midlothian
218:Designated
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1444:3°15â˛18âłW
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1247:Lee, John
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581:Aftermath
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483:Edinburgh
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308:restored
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545:Colinton
491:Galloway
475:Dumfries
396:Dumfries
286:Barbados
170:Strength
71:Location
1419:Fiction
1337:(ed.).
1271:(ed.).
1209:(ed.).
1187:(ed.).
1110:8 April
1096:, 1965.
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310:bishops
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