201:"Perm-36" Memorial Museum is the only preserved саmр of the GULAG еrа throughout the former USSR. The museum presents all the periods of the repressive роliсу and the USSR penitentiary system history starting from the first years of Soviet power and the GULAG to the ending of political camps and political prisoners on the еvе of the communist system collapse. Exposition, exhibition, and authentic саmр interiors are placed in different саmр buildings and structures, the latter were constructed and reconstructed during 1946-80. The museum finds, collects, and studies various materials on the history of political repression. The museum's exhibitions are displayed in different regions of Russia and abroad.
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impossible. Without the total fear in the face of the horrors of repression and camps, the totalitarian regime and strict discipline and total subjection for those "at liberty" would have also been impossible. After the death of Stalin the number of camps in the USSR decreased, but the communist political system remained repressive till its collapse. In 1960-80s thousands of dissidents were placed in prisons, political camps,
181:(5 years, plus 3 years exile); the Lithuanian national movement, e.g. Juozas Jucis (12 years), and seven who were serving a 25-year term; War criminals; and those convicted of "especially dangerous crimes against the State", e.g. Georgian poet Teimuraz Chanturishvili (12 years). The most serious "dissident" offence between 1960 and 1987 was
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regime. In 1972 the camp was converted into the harshest political camp of the country and operated till it closed in 1988. It included a "special-regime " facility, the only one of its kind in the USSR, to house political prisoners in twenty-four-hour closed cells. They HAD continued their struggle
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The "Perm-36" camp operated for more than 40 years. It was founded in 1943. In 1946 it was transferred to its current location. Till 1953 it served as a typical logging camp found throughout the country. After Stalin‘s death, the camp was converted to house officials of the repressive organs accused
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In autumn 2013 an autonomous NGO calling itself the "Perm-36 Memorial Museum of the
History of Political Repression" was granted the status of a federal NGO and the museum was included in a list of Russia's "National Sites of Remembrance". The next year a State-funded museum with a similar name was
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The "Sawmill" was not popular with everyone. It was criticized and attacked by former prison guards of Perm-36 and some of the social movements of
Stalinist focus. They argued that the forum organizers deliberately exaggerated the severity of custody "for anti-Soviet propaganda", while ignoring, as
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was not only a huge camp agency containing thousands of camps and millions of convicts, but the country‘s way of life. GULAG was an absolutely necessary element of the system. Without the GULAG cheap slave labour, Stalin‘s socialist modernization programme of the country‘s economy would have been
169:. After an introduction to the camps, and a description of some of those held in Perm-35 the report turned to 95 prisoners in Perm-36. It listed them in eight groups arrested and imprisoned for a variety of crimes: samizdat offences, protests and petitions, e.g.
177:(years); Zionists, e.g. some of those given sentences of 10-12 years for their part in the 1970 Hijackers Trial and the 1971 "Aeroplane Affair" in Leningrad; Persons attempting to leave the USSR; Ukrainian nationalists "and those ruled to be such", e.g.
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The museum was a founding member of the
International Coalition of Historic Sites of Conscience. and received an average 35,000 visitors a year. There were hopes that the museum might be incorporated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2004, however, the
225:, with meetings It brought together famous people, film screenings, exhibitions and concerts and attracted thousands of people, including former prisoners and human rights activists, including the Human Rights Commissioner in Russia
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105:. Since 1972 the camp was designated a "strict regime" and "special regime" (строгого режима, особого режима) camp used exclusively for the incarceration of "especially dangerous state criminals", mostly
253:, these changes were seen by many as an organized campaign against the original museum "of political repression". Official Russian media and some nationalist organisations (e.g. the
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against the regime and its ideology after their first prison terms and were considered to be "especially dangerous" by the State. All of them, as a rule, were sentenced to 10 years.
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185:(Article 70). It was included in the post-Stalin RSFSR Criminal Code (1960) among "Especially Dangerous Crimes against the State", i.e. treason, contraband, etc.
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The NGO eventually disbanded after repeated arguments with Perm-36 officials. The museum and its exhibits were refurbished to remove references to Stalin.
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128:. It was the only surviving example of a Gulag labor camp, the others having been abandoned or demolished by the Soviet government before the
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From 2005 onwards there was an annual international forum at Perm-36, called "Pilorama" ("The
Sawmill" (more precisely "Power-saw bench")
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Built in 1946 and closed in
December 1987, the camp was preserved in 1994 by the Russian human historical and human rights organization
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Later various bodies of Perm Region administration withdrew support and funding, forcing the museum to close in April 2014.
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Groups and individuals in the Perm camps were described in a 1974 report published by the samizdat periodical
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During two and a half decades, since the end of the 1920s and till the day of Stalin‘s death,
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310:""Perm-36" Soviet political repression camp (GULAG) & Chusovaya History Museum excursion"
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located near the village of
Kuchino, 100 km (60 miles) northeast of the city of
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450:"Prisoners in the Perm camps", A Chronicle of Current Events (33.6), 10 December 1974
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created and gradually began to take over the management of the Perm-36 museum.
173:(7 years, plus 3 years exile); belonging to "anti-Soviet organisations", e.g.
462:"Prisoners in Perm-36", A Chronicle of Current Events (33.6), 10 December 1974
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Former forced labor colony in
Kuchino, Perm Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
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93:. It was part of the large prison camp system established by the former
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559:Алексей Крижевский; Наталия Митюшева; Татьяна Сохарева (2014-07-25).
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they said, prison records and evidence of the guards themselves.
383:. International Coalition of Sites of Conscience, New York. 2014
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included Perm 36 in its
Watchlist of 100 Most Endangered Sites.
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116:. In 1995 the following year it was opened to the public as
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Non-profit organizations listed in Russia as foreign agents
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The "Perm-36" Museum of the
History of Political Repression
351:"The museum of history of political repressions "Perm-36""
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422:"World Monuments Watch 2004: 100 Most Endangered Sites"
257:) began describing the museum established in 1995 as a
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A Chronicle of
Current Events (17.6), 31 December 1970
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204:The Museum is located near the village of Kuchino,
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126:Perm-36 Memorial Center of Political Repression"
603:"Stalin wiped from Soviet Gulag prison museum"
156:of "groundless repressive measures" under the
63:Reconstruction of one of the prisoner barracks
404:"Lest Russians forget, a museum of the Gulag"
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151:From the "Perm-36" Museum English brochure:
486:1987 Politburo discussion, Bukovsky Archive
316:. Krasnov Travel Agency, Perm, Russia. 2014
357:. Russian Cultural Heritage Network. 2012
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656:Political repression in the Soviet Union
402:Stanley, Alessandra (October 29, 1997).
280:A Chronicle of Current Events, 1968-1982
245:Coming at a period of nostalgia for the
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584:http://59.ru/text/newsline/898102.html
545:http://59.ru/text/newsline/892938.html
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249:in Russia and patriotism due to the
124:). It was run by an NGO called the
625:"Die Stunde der Stalinisten | NZZ"
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601:Peter, Laurence (3 March 2015).
130:dissolution of the Soviet Union
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561:"Осторожно, зона закрывается"
167:A Chronicle of Current Events
147:Perm-36 in the Soviet period
78:(also known as ITK-6) was a
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666:Open-air museums in Russia
377:"Gulag Museum at Perm-36"
681:Prison museums in Russia
274:Perm-36 Official website
120:(known popularly as the
516:(in French). 2009-10-24
37:58.263111°N 57.432111°E
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623:Weisflog, Christian.
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55:Main building
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633:. Retrieved
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28:57°25′55.6″E
25:58°15′47.2″N
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631:(in German)
514:Le Monde.fr
410:. New York.
210:Perm region
97:during the
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650:Categories
635:2021-02-11
609:2016-05-16
605:. BBC News
570:2014-07-26
520:2021-02-10
314:Ural tours
287:References
208:district,
179:Vasyl Stus
99:Stalin era
565:Gazeta.ru
535:"Sawmill"
158:Stalinist
435:9 August
387:July 10,
361:July 10,
320:July 10,
237:Takeover
206:Chusovoy
114:Memorial
76:Perm-36
431:. 2004
91:Russia
80:Soviet
425:(PDF)
268:Links
191:GULAG
103:Gulag
437:2021
389:2014
363:2014
322:2014
87:Perm
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