42:
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during gestation, which can affect development and maternal physiology. However, high-elevation deer mice do appear to have several physiological adaptations that allow them to survive in these environments. High-elevation mice have a greater capacity for carbohydrate and lipid oxidation compared to low-elevation mice. Mouse populations living at different elevations show allelic variation among gene duplicates that encode the α-chain subunits of adult
98:
230:
530:. The majority of deer mice nest high up, in large hollow trees. The deer mouse nests alone for the most part but during the winter will nest in groups of 10 or more. Deer mice, specifically the prairie form, are also abundant in the farmland of the midwestern United States. Deer mice can be found active on top of snow or beneath logs during the winter seasons. In northern New England deer mice are present in both coniferous and
493:, i.e. born blind, naked and helpless; development is rapid. Young deer mice have full coats by the end of the second week; their eyes open between 13 and 19 days and they are fully furred and independent in only a few weeks. Females lactate for 27 to 34 days after giving birth; most young are weaned at about 18 to 24 days. The young reach adult size at about 6 weeks and continue to gain weight slowly thereafter.
73:
1801:
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673:. During the spring months, seeds become available to eat, along with insects, which are consumed in large quantities. Leaves are also found in the stomachs of deer mice in the spring seasons. During summer months, the mouse consumes seeds and fruits. During the fall season, the deer mouse will slowly change its eating habits to resemble the winter's diet.
434:, meaning one male will mate with multiple females. They exhibit behaviors associated with polygyny, as males have much larger territory than females, live with multiple females, and are known to commit infanticide if they catch young unattended. Though they usually live alone, during winter the single male-multiple female cohort may live in a shared nest.
683:
505:
Deer mouse pups usually disperse after weaning and before the birth of the next litter, when they are reaching sexual maturity. Occasionally juveniles remain in the natal area, particularly when breeding space is limited. Most deer mice travel less than 152 m (499 ft) from the natal area to
480:
species' gestation periods range from 22 to 26 days. Typical litters are composed of three to five young; litter size ranges from one to nine young. Most female deer mice have more than one litter per year. Three or four litters per year is probably typical; captive deer mice have borne as many as 14
1334:
Scheepers, Isabella M.; Cryan, John F.; Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S.; Rea, Kieran; Clarke, Gerard; Jaspan, Heather B.; Harvey, Brian H.; Hemmings, Sian M. J.; Santana, Leonard; Sluis, Rencia van der; Malan-Muller, Stefanie; Wolmarans, De Wet (2020). "Natural compulsive-like behaviour in the deer mouse
463:
There have been recent studies that reveal deer mice also have OCD-like behaviors from altered gut microbiota. This phenomenon is typically shown in their abnormally large nest sizes and the behavior is present within 8 weeks of birth. Large nest building is considered to be a maladaptation as these
381:
material. The pups within litters of deer mice are kept by the mother within an individual home range. Deer mice typically live in a home range of 242 to 3000 square meters. Although deer mice live in individual home ranges, these ranges do tend to overlap. When overlapping occurs, it is more likely
514:
In the lab their maximum life span is 96 months, and mean life expectancy is 45.5 months for females and 47.5 for males. In many areas deer mice live less than 1 year. One captive male deer mouse lived 32 months, and there is a report of a forest deer mouse that lived 8 years in captivity (another
401:
Some deer mice are found at high elevations where there are low levels of oxygen and ambient temperatures. They encounter year-round hypoxia and cold, and undergo their entire reproductive cycles under these harsh conditions. Chronic hypoxia can limit the growth of these high-elevation deer mice
558:
Deer mice nest in burrows dug in the ground or construct nests in raised areas such as brush piles, logs, rocks, stumps, under bark, and in hollows in trees. Nests are also constructed in various structures and artifacts including old boards and abandoned vehicles. Nests have been found up to
669:; fungi have the least amount of intake. Throughout the year, the deer mouse will change its eating habits to reflect on what is available to eat during that season. During winter months, the arthropods compose of one-fifth of the deer mouse's food. These include spiders, caterpillars, and
336:. Because the two species are extremely similar in appearance, they are best distinguished through red blood cell agglutination tests or karyotype techniques. The deer mouse can also be distinguished physically by its long and multicolored tail. Deer mice are very often used for
534:
forests. Deer mice are often the only
Peromyscus species in northern boreal forest. Subspecies differ in their use of plant communities and vegetation structures. There are two main groups of deer mouse: the prairie deer mouse and the woodland or forest deer mouse group.
455:
Female deer mice construct nests using a variety of materials including grasses, roots, mosses, wool, thistledown, and various artificial fibers. The male deer mice are allowed by the female to help nest the litter and keep them together and warm for survival.
1272:
Maser, Chris; Mate, Bruce R.; Franklin, Jerry F.; Dyrness, C. T. (1981). Natural history of Oregon Coast mammals. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-133. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
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to be with opposite sexes rather than with the same sex, as male deer mice have a much greater home range than the much more territorial females. Deer mice that live within overlapping home ranges tend to recognize one another and interact a lot.
360:
has soft fur which varies in color, from gray to brown, but all deer mice have a distinguishable white underside and white feet. Deer mice tails are covered with fine hairs, with the same dark/light split as the fur on the rest of its body.
687:
496:
Age of first estrus averages about 48 days; the earliest recorded was 23 days. The youngest wild female to produce a litter was 55 days old; it was estimated that conception had occurred when she was about 32 days old.
459:
In a study, less than half of both male and female deer mice left their original home range to reproduce. This means that there is intrafamilial mating and that the gene flow among deer mice as a whole is limited.
442:
Deer mice can reproduce throughout the year, though in most parts of their range, they breed from March to
October. Deer mouse breeding tends to be determined more by food availability rather than by season. In
1464:
Institute of
Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.). Committee on Animal Models for Research on Aging; National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Animal Models for Research on Aging (1981).
1624:
Wagg, J. W. Bruce. (1964). White spruce regeneration on the Peace and Slave River lowlands. Publ. No. 1069. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
Department of Forestry, Forest Research Branch
3881:
348:
The eastern deer mouse is small in size, only 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) long, not including the tail. They have large beady eyes and large ears giving them good
1108:
Storz, Jay F.; Sabatino, Stephen J.; Hoffmann, Federico G.; Gering, Eben J.; Moriyama, Hideaki; Ferrand, Nuno; Monteiro, Bruno; Nachman, Michael W. (30 March 2007).
1822:
1554:
Degraaf, Richard M.; Snyder, Dana P.; Hill, Barbara J. (1991). "Small mammal habitat associations in poletimber and sawtimber stands of four forest cover types".
406:. Modifications in the α and β globin genes may also indicate an increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and oxygen transport in these high-elevation populations.
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has distinct subspecies. Of those most common in North
America, the woodland form has longer hind legs, a longer tail, and larger ears than the prairie form.
3891:
3851:
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spp.) do. In open habitat within forests deer mice have a tendency to visit the nearest timber. In central
Ontario deer mice used downed wood for runways.
389:
is an adept climber, and prefers tree cover meters above the ground, while the prairie form prefers to move from burrow to burrow in open areas, avoiding
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mice are unnecessarily investing extra energy and effort in building larger nests in a laboratory where conditions are stable.
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3745:
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3138:
1745:"Developmental and reproductive physiology of small mammals at high altitude: challenges and evolutionary innovations"
1048:"Developmental and reproductive physiology of small mammals at high altitude: challenges and evolutionary innovations"
294:
1299:
Wolff, Jerry & Deborah Durr (1986). "Winter
Nesting Behavior of Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus".
1231:
Wolff, Jerry O. (1994). "Reproductive success of solitarily and communally nesting white-footed mice and deer mice".
97:
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Deer mice are often active in open habitat; most subspecies do not develop hidden runways the way many voles (
3467:
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3219:
2978:
2581:
2183:
2005:
958:
Tessier, Nathalie; Sarah Noel & Francois
Lapointe (2004). "A new method to discriminate the deer mouse (
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1172:. Kirkland, Gordon L., Layne, James Nathaniel. Lubbock, Tex., USA: Texas Tech University Press. 1989.
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2014:
1973:
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Deer mice reproduce profusely and are highest in numbers among their species compared to other local
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865:"Peromycus maniculatus Deer Mouse | Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center | University of South Carolina"
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creatures who spend the day time in areas such as trees or burrows where they have nests made of
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601:
337:
3724:
1424:
Walters, Bradley B (1991). "Small mammals in a subalpine old-growth forest and clearcuts".
948:
The New
Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. (Vol. 12, p. 631). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
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592:
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1847:
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The species in its former broad sense had 61 subspecies, but some of these now belong to
1567:
1007:
Dewsbury, Donald (1988). "Kinship, Familiarity, Aggression, and Dominance in Deer Mice (
2951:
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that lives in eastern North America and is closely related to the white-footed mouse,
17:
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litters in one year. Males usually live with the family and help care for the young.
251:
82:
77:
326:. They are all tiny mammals that are plentiful in number. The deer mouse is a small
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2381:
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374:
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791:
1674:"Managing wildlife habitat in red pine and white pine forests of central Ontario"
1591:
Baker, Rollin H. (1968). "Habitats and distribution". In: King, John Arthur, ed.
1126:
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Deer mice are omnivorous; the main dietary items usually include seeds, fruits,
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1800:
1450:
Stickel, Lucille F. (1968). Home range and travels. In: King, John Arthur, ed.
1397:
Layne, JN (1966). "Postnatal development and growth of Peromyscus floridanus".
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1988:
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447:, breeding peaks occur from April to June and from September to October.
444:
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1947:
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1744:
1690:
1673:
1655:
1634:
Gashwiler, Jay S. (1959). "Small mammal study in west-central Oregon".
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270:
and is fairly widespread across most of North America east of the
228:
1834:
Information on hantaviruses, which can be carried by this species
1839:"The Molecular Basis of High-Altitude Adaptation in Deer Mice".
3636:
3543:
1851:
1743:
Robertson, Cayleih E.; Wilsterman, Kathryn (15 December 2020).
1613:
National Audubon Society field guide to North American mammals.
1046:
Robertson, Cayleih E.; Wilsterman, Kathryn (21 December 2020).
1110:"The Molecular Basis of High-Altitude Adaptation in Deer Mice"
773:
Netski, Dale; Brandonlyn Thran & Stephen St. Jeor (1999).
620:
1454:
Stillwater, OK: The American Society of Mammalogists: 373–411
1452:
Biology of Peromyscus (Rodentia). Special Publication No. 2.
1339:) is associated with altered gut microbiota composition".
775:"Sin Nombre Virus Pathogenesis in Peromyscus maniculatus"
1705:
Cogley TP (1991). "Warble development by the rodent bot
994:"LTER (Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research Project)"
966:) using species-specific primers in multiplex PCR".
826:"Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model"
759:
Bowers, Nora; Rick Bowers; and Kenn Kaufman (2004).
3552:
3509:
3421:
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3306:
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2407:
2398:
2370:
2361:
2316:
2292:
2268:
2040:
2031:
1986:
1945:
1936:
1543:. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press.
1465:
1221:Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press
515:mouse was fertile until almost 6 years of age).
423:Peromyscus species and ranges in North America.
1169:Advances in the study of Peromyscus (Rodentia)
905:, in the Northern Sierra Nevada, California".
739:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T16672A22360898.en
1863:
1818:Additional description of species with photos
1595:. Special Publication No. 2. Stillwater, OK:
340:due to their self cleanliness and easy care.
274:, with the major exception being the lowland
8:
1709:(Diptera: Cuterebridae) in the deer mouse".
1217:Nowak, Ronald M.; Paradiso, John L. (1983).
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
824:Crossland, J. & Lewandowski, A. (2006).
237:and other species now recognized as distinct
1219:Walker's mammals of the world. 4th edition.
559:24 m (79 ft) above the ground in
3540:
2404:
2367:
2037:
1942:
1870:
1856:
1848:
1281:
1279:
599:) and other mustelids, as well as skunks (
71:
40:
31:
1828:Studying the homing ability of deer mice.
1760:
1689:
1360:
1289:. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company.
1143:
1125:
1063:
897:Jameson, E W (1952). "Food of Deer Mice,
800:
790:
737:
575:Deer mice are important prey for snakes (
3882:Least concern biota of the United States
892:
890:
761:Kaufman Guide to North American Mammals.
1607:
1605:
706:
699:United States Department of Agriculture
468:Gestation, litter size and productivity
1667:
1665:
1468:Mammalian models for research on aging
1392:
1390:
1388:
1268:
1266:
1264:
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1258:
1256:
1254:
1213:
1211:
1193:
233:(Former) range map, when grouped with
1587:
1585:
1103:
1101:
1099:
647:). Deer mice are also parasitized by
7:
3877:Least concern biota of North America
1597:The American Society of Mammalogists
859:
857:
855:
853:
526:are found in all throughout eastern
3892:Taxa named by Johann Andreas Wagner
3852:IUCN Red List least concern species
1500:Dice, Lee R. (1933). "Longevity in
725:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1823:Additional information on species
1013:Journal of Comparative Psychology
996:. University of New Mexico. 1998.
258:; when formerly grouped with the
254:. It is most commonly called the
1799:
1593:Biology of Peromyscus (Rodentia)
1341:European Journal of Neuroscience
686: This article incorporates
681:
506:establish their own home range.
96:
1749:Journal of Experimental Biology
1615:New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
1611:Whitaker, John O., Jr. (1980).
1502:Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis
1287:Rodents: Their Lives and Habits
1052:Journal of Experimental Biology
962:) from the white-footed mouse (
763:NY: Houghton-Mifflin Co. p.176.
2336:Goldman's diminutive woodrat (
1337:Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
1011:) in Seminatural Enclosures".
1:
3139:Small-toothed harvest mouse (
1556:Forest Ecology and Management
792:10.1128/JVI.73.1.585-591.1999
266:), it was referred to as the
3862:Rodents of the United States
3270:Southern grasshopper mouse (
3261:Northern grasshopper mouse (
3252:Mearns's grasshopper mouse (
3211:Narrow-nosed harvest mouse (
3202:Sumichrast's harvest mouse (
2130:Angel de la Guarda woodrat (
1878:Extant species of subfamily
1723:10.1016/0304-4017(91)90140-Q
1576:10.1016/0378-1127(91)90234-M
1127:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030045
295:emerging infectious diseases
3477:Crested-tailed deer mouse (
3409:Thomas's giant deer mouse (
3400:Nelson's giant deer mouse (
3184:Rodriguez's harvest mouse (
3040:Short-nosed harvest mouse (
1025:10.1037/0735-7036.102.2.124
968:Canadian Journal of Zoology
3908:
3175:Salt marsh harvest mouse (
3166:Nicaraguan harvest mouse (
2768:San Esteban Island mouse (
2723:Tres Marias Island mouse (
2486:Northern Baja deer mouse (
410:Reproduction and life span
397:High-elevation adaptations
338:laboratory experimentation
314:, the white-footed mouse.
276:southeastern United States
3887:Mammals described in 1845
3468:Zempoaltepec deer mouse (
3391:Oaxaca giant deer mouse (
3359:Mount Pirri isthmus rat (
3220:Zacatecas harvest mouse (
2582:Northwestern deer mouse (
2184:Southern Plains woodrat (
1886:
1672:Naylor, Brian J. (1994).
1539:Baker, Rollin H. (1983).
308:It is closely related to
208:
201:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
3067:Chiriqui harvest mouse (
3031:Guerrero harvest mouse (
2970:Naked-eared deer mouse (
2067:White-throated woodrat (
1285:Hanney, Peter W. (1975)
644:Urocyon cinereoargenteus
385:The woodland variety of
268:North American deermouse
3487:Schmidly's deer mouse (
3441:Chinanteco deer mouse (
3294:Mexican volcano mouse (
3193:Cozumel harvest mouse (
3130:Mexican harvest mouse (
3121:Western harvest mouse (
3112:Eastern harvest mouse (
3094:Slender harvest mouse (
3085:Fulvous harvest mouse (
3058:Volcano harvest mouse (
3049:Sonoran harvest mouse (
2961:Guatemalan deer mouse (
2891:El Carrizo deer mouse (
2750:Schmidly's deer mouse (
2148:White-toothed woodrat (
1830:(available on sci-hub).
1711:Veterinary Parasitology
510:Longevity and mortality
3598:Peromyscus_maniculatus
3584:Peromyscus maniculatus
3554:Peromyscus maniculatus
3521:Michoacan deer mouse (
3148:Plains harvest mouse (
3076:Darien harvest mouse (
2979:Stirton's deer mouse (
2803:Zacatecan deer mouse (
2256:Dusky-footed woodrat (
2247:Bushy-tailed woodrat (
2015:Chiriqui brown mouse (
2006:Alston's brown mouse (
1974:Northern pygmy mouse (
1965:Southern pygmy mouse (
1813:Description of species
1472:. National Academies.
1245:10.1093/beheco/5.2.206
1200:: CS1 maint: others (
1009:Peromyscus maniculatus
960:Peromyscus maniculatus
899:Peromyscus maniculatus
718:Peromyscus maniculatus
694:Peromyscus maniculatus
688:public domain material
565:Pseudotsuga menziesii)
524:Peromyscus maniculatus
428:Peromyscus maniculatus
424:
373:Eastern deer mice are
358:Peromyscus maniculatus
243:Peromyscus maniculatus
238:
212:Peromyscus maniculatus
18:Peromyscus maniculatus
3824:Paleobiology Database
3450:Delicate deer mouse (
3157:Small harvest mouse (
3103:Hairy harvest mouse (
2873:Blackish deer mouse (
2821:Northern rock mouse (
2714:Nimble-footed mouse (
2468:Dickey's deer mouse (
2326:(Diminutive woodrats)
839:(1–2). Archived from
732:: e.T16672A22360898.
422:
285:species, it can be a
232:
3350:Yellow isthmus rat (
2997:Chiapan deer mouse (
2988:Yucatan deer mouse (
2943:Mexican deer mouse (
2926:Black-tailed mouse (
2732:White-ankled mouse (
2679:Winkelmann's mouse (
2635:White-footed mouse (
2522:False canyon mouse (
2495:Angel Island mouse (
2477:Eva's desert mouse (
2345:Diminutive woodrat (
2094:Nicaraguan woodrat (
2076:Tamaulipan woodrat (
1707:Cuterebra fontinella
1636:Journal of Mammalogy
1506:Journal of Mammalogy
1301:Journal of Mammalogy
907:Journal of Mammalogy
846:on 20 November 2008.
714:Cassola, F. (2016).
650:Cuterebra fontinella
485:Development of young
344:Physical description
3459:Ixtlán deer mouse (
2847:Puebla deer mouse (
2591:Black-eared mouse (
2504:San Lorenzo mouse (
2459:Burt's deer mouse (
2211:Stephens' woodrat (
2166:Allegheny woodrat (
2157:Big-eared woodrat (
2121:Goldman's woodrat (
1568:1991ForEM..46..227D
964:Peromyscus leucopus
779:Journal of Virology
489:Deer mice pups are
333:Peromyscus leucopus
311:Peromyscus leucopus
194:P. maniculatus
63:Conservation status
35:Eastern deer mouse
3242:(Grasshopper mice)
2908:Brown deer mouse (
2741:Chihuahuan mouse (
2609:Santa Cruz mouse (
2506:P. interparietalis
2433:California mouse (
2428:californicus group
2193:Nelson's woodrat (
2085:Bryant's woodrat (
1806:Eastern deer mouse
1762:10.1242/jeb.215350
1691:10.5558/tfc70411-4
1678:Forestry Chronicle
1233:Behavioral Ecology
1065:10.1242/jeb.215350
539:Cover requirements
425:
260:western deer mouse
256:eastern deer mouse
250:native to eastern
239:
51:Schoolcraft County
3867:Rodents of Canada
3839:
3838:
3811:Open Tree of Life
3546:Taxon identifiers
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3497:Jico deer mouse (
3434:
3384:
3381:(Giant deer mice)
3343:
3245:
3024:
2833:melanophrys group
2568:maniculatus group
2524:P. pseudocrinitus
2420:
2400:Reithrodontomyini
2394:
2393:
2357:
2356:
2329:
2304:Allen's woodrat (
2229:Sonoran woodrat (
2175:Mexican woodrat (
2112:Eastern woodrat (
2103:Arizona woodrat (
2053:
2027:
2026:
1999:
1958:
1479:978-0-309-03094-6
1426:Northwest Science
1353:10.1111/ejn.14610
1058:(24): jeb215350.
272:Mississippi River
227:
226:
86:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
3899:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3806:
3805:
3793:
3792:
3780:
3779:
3767:
3766:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3740:
3728:
3727:
3715:
3714:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3663:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3541:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3023:
3022:
3016:
2963:P. guatemalensis
2952:Big deer mouse (
2812:Osgood's mouse (
2670:Gleaning mouse (
2618:Slevin's mouse (
2600:Oldfield mouse (
2539:Hooper's mouse (
2513:Mesquite mouse (
2419:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2368:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2202:Bolaños woodrat(
2139:Desert woodrat (
2078:N. angustapalata
2052:
2051:
2047:
2038:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1916:Euarchontoglires
1872:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1844:
1804:Data related to
1803:
1790:
1764:
1735:
1734:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1562:(3–4): 227–242.
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:Michigan Mammals
1536:
1530:
1529:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1471:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1394:
1383:
1382:
1364:
1347:(6): 1419–1427.
1331:
1325:
1324:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1249:
1248:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1191:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1129:
1105:
1094:
1093:
1067:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1004:
998:
997:
990:
984:
983:
955:
949:
946:
931:
930:
894:
885:
884:
882:
880:
871:. Archived from
861:
848:
847:
845:
830:
821:
815:
814:
804:
794:
770:
764:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
741:
711:
702:
685:
684:
597:Martes americana
593:American martens
214:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
44:
32:
21:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3796:
3788:
3785:Observation.org
3783:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3749:
3744:
3736:
3731:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3697:
3692:
3684:
3679:
3671:
3666:
3658:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3548:
3538:
3529:
3505:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3417:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3367:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3326:
3318:Florida mouse (
3302:
3278:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3228:
3213:R. tenuirostris
3042:R. brevirostris
3020:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3012:Reithrodontomys
3005:
2938:mexicanus group
2919:P. melanocarpus
2838:Plateau mouse (
2759:Nayarit mouse (
2435:P. californicus
2416:
2415:
2413:
2390:
2353:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2312:
2288:
2280:Magdalena rat (
2264:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2023:
2017:S. xerampelinus
1995:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1932:
1882:
1876:
1838:
1808:at Wikispecies
1797:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1648:10.2307/1376123
1633:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1590:
1583:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1518:10.2307/1374020
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1313:10.2307/1380900
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1252:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1209:
1192:
1180:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1006:
1005:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
980:10.1139/z04-173
974:(11): 1832–35.
957:
956:
952:
947:
934:
919:10.2307/1375640
896:
895:
888:
878:
876:
875:on 25 June 2021
869:pgsc.cas.sc.edu
863:
862:
851:
843:
828:
823:
822:
818:
772:
771:
767:
758:
754:
744:
742:
713:
712:
708:
691:
682:
679:
659:
573:
541:
521:
512:
503:
487:
470:
453:
440:
438:Breeding season
417:
412:
399:
371:
346:
320:
223:
216:
210:
197:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3820:
3807:
3794:
3781:
3768:
3755:
3742:
3729:
3716:
3703:
3690:
3677:
3664:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3574:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3494:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3452:H. delicatulus
3447:
3437:
3435:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3340:(Isthmus rats)
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3267:
3263:O. leucogaster
3258:
3248:
3246:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3204:R. sumichrasti
3199:
3195:R. spectabilis
3190:
3181:
3177:R. raviventris
3172:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3078:R. darienensis
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2990:P. yucatanicus
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2917:Zempoaltepec (
2914:
2903:megalops group
2898:
2897:
2893:P. ochraventer
2888:
2879:
2863:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2840:P. melanophrys
2828:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2794:Perote mouse (
2791:
2785:Pinyon mouse (
2775:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2686:
2685:
2681:P. winkelmanni
2676:
2667:
2651:
2650:
2644:Cotton mouse (
2641:
2630:leucopus group
2625:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2575:P. maniculatus
2563:
2562:
2556:Canyon mouse (
2551:crinitus group
2546:
2545:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2488:P. fraterculus
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2450:Cactus mouse (
2445:eremicus group
2440:
2439:
2423:
2421:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2382:Golden mouse (
2378:
2376:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2236:
2235:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2096:N. chrysomelas
2091:
2082:
2073:
2056:
2054:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1796:
1795:External links
1793:
1792:
1791:
1737:
1736:
1717:(4): 275–288.
1697:
1684:(4): 411–419.
1661:
1642:(1): 128–139.
1626:
1617:
1601:
1581:
1546:
1531:
1512:(2): 147–148.
1492:
1478:
1456:
1443:
1416:
1384:
1326:
1291:
1275:
1250:
1239:(2): 206–209.
1223:
1207:
1178:
1159:
1095:
1038:
999:
985:
950:
932:
886:
849:
816:
785:(1): 585–591.
765:
752:
705:
704:
678:
675:
665:, leaves, and
658:
655:
635:), and foxes (
585:American minks
572:
569:
540:
537:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
499:
486:
483:
469:
466:
452:
449:
439:
436:
416:
413:
411:
408:
398:
395:
387:P. maniculatus
370:
367:
363:P. maniculatus
345:
342:
324:P. sonoriensis
319:
316:
264:P. sonoriensis
235:P. sonoriensis
225:
224:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
89:
88:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3904:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Storage pests
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3526:
3524:
3523:O. banderanus
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3443:H. chinanteco
3439:
3438:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:M. cryophilus
3389:
3388:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3320:P. floridanus
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:R. rodriguezi
3182:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3087:R. fulvescens
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3060:R. chrysopsis
3056:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3021:harvest mice)
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2999:P. zarhynchus
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:Marsh mouse (
2854:
2852:
2850:
2849:P. mekisturus
2845:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2805:P. difficilis
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2734:P. pectoralis
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2705:Texas mouse (
2703:
2701:
2699:
2696:Brush mouse (
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2672:P. spicilegus
2668:
2666:
2664:
2661:Aztec mouse (
2658:
2657:
2656:aztecus group
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:P. gossypinus
2642:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2602:P. polionotus
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2534:hooperi group
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2347:N. neotomodon
2343:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
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2151:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2114:N. floridana
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1941:
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1841:PLOS Genetics
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1835:
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1114:PLOS Genetics
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1104:
1102:
1100:
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951:
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920:
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874:
870:
866:
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838:
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812:
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780:
776:
769:
766:
762:
756:
753:
740:
735:
731:
727:
726:
721:
719:
710:
707:
703:
700:
696:
695:
689:
676:
674:
672:
671:heteropterans
668:
664:
656:
654:
652:
651:
646:
645:
640:
639:
638:Vulpes vulpes
634:
633:Canis latrans
630:
626:
622:
621:domestic cats
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
590:
589:Neogale vison
586:
582:
578:
570:
568:
566:
562:
556:
554:
553:
552:Clethrionomys
548:
547:
538:
536:
533:
529:
528:North America
525:
518:
516:
509:
507:
500:
498:
494:
492:
484:
482:
479:
475:
467:
465:
461:
457:
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446:
437:
435:
433:
429:
421:
414:
409:
407:
405:
396:
394:
392:
388:
383:
380:
376:
368:
366:
364:
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355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
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325:
317:
315:
313:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:North America
249:
245:
244:
236:
231:
221:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3553:
3522:
3510:
3499:H. simulatus
3498:
3489:H. schmidlyi
3488:
3485:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3422:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3374:Megadontomys
3372:
3361:I. pirrensis
3360:
3351:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3262:
3254:O. arenicola
3253:
3233:
3222:R. zacatecae
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3168:R. paradoxus
3167:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3132:R. mexicanus
3131:
3123:R. megalotis
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3032:
3010:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2945:P. mexicanus
2944:
2937:
2936:
2928:P. melanurus
2927:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2882:Maya mouse (
2874:
2868:furvus group
2867:
2866:
2858:P. perfulvus
2857:
2848:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2752:P. schmidlyi
2751:
2742:
2733:
2725:P. madrensis
2724:
2715:
2707:P. attwateri
2706:
2697:
2691:boylii group
2690:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2593:P. melanotis
2592:
2583:
2574:
2573:Deer mouse (
2567:
2566:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2427:
2426:
2408:
2383:
2371:
2363:Ochrotomyini
2346:
2337:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2213:N. stephensi
2212:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2132:N. insularis
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2041:
2016:
2007:
1996:(Brown mice)
1987:
1975:
1966:
1955:(Pygmy mice)
1946:
1914:Superorder:
1908:Infraclass:
1840:
1798:
1752:
1748:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1681:
1677:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1596:
1592:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1467:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1432:(1): 27–31.
1429:
1425:
1419:
1405:(1): 23–45.
1402:
1398:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1168:
1162:
1117:
1113:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1019:(2): 124–8.
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
988:
971:
967:
963:
959:
953:
913:(1): 50–60.
910:
906:
902:
898:
877:. Retrieved
873:the original
868:
841:the original
836:
832:
819:
782:
778:
768:
760:
755:
743:. Retrieved
729:
723:
717:
709:
693:
680:
660:
648:
642:
636:
632:
624:
616:
606:
600:
596:
588:
574:
564:
557:
550:
544:
542:
523:
522:
513:
504:
495:
488:
477:
471:
462:
458:
454:
441:
427:
426:
400:
386:
384:
372:
362:
357:
347:
331:
323:
321:
309:
307:
303:Lyme disease
299:hantaviruses
282:
280:
267:
263:
255:
242:
241:
240:
234:
220:J. A. Wagner
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
29:
3759:NatureServe
3694:iNaturalist
3578:Wikispecies
3479:H. lophurus
3470:H. lepturus
3431:(Deer mice)
3352:I. flavidus
3272:O. torridus
3150:R. montanus
3141:R. microdon
3105:R. hirsutus
3096:R. gracilis
2981:P. stirtoni
2972:P. gymnotis
2910:P. megalops
2884:P. mayensis
2796:P. bullatus
2780:truei group
2770:P. stephani
2637:P. leucopus
2558:P. crinitus
2515:P. merriami
2461:P. caniceps
2452:P. eremicus
2417:(Deer mice)
2384:O. nuttalli
2338:N. goldmani
2258:N. fuscipes
2204:N. palatina
2186:N. micropus
2177:N. mexicana
2168:N. magister
2159:N. macrotis
2150:N. leucodon
2123:N. goldmani
2069:N. albigula
2050:(Pack rats)
1967:B. musculus
625:Felis catus
561:Douglas-fir
415:Procreation
281:Like other
166:Subfamily:
3857:Peromyscus
3846:Categories
3803:deer-mouse
3512:Osgoodomys
3461:H. ixtlani
3411:M. thomasi
3402:M. nelsoni
3296:N. alstoni
3285:Neotomodon
3159:R. musseri
3114:R. humulis
3019:(New World
2954:P. grandis
2823:P. nasutus
2761:P. simulus
2716:P. levipes
2663:P. aztecus
2620:P. slevini
2611:P. sejugis
2541:P. hooperi
2497:P. guardia
2470:P. dickeyi
2410:Peromyscus
2373:Ochrotomys
2282:X. nelsoni
2249:N. cinerea
2195:N. nelsoni
2141:N. lepida
2087:N. bryanti
2008:S. teguina
1989:Scotinomys
1976:B. taylori
1928:Cricetidae
1880:Neotominae
1362:10468/9673
1120:(3): e45.
879:7 December
677:References
663:arthropods
617:Lynx rufus
478:Peromyscus
432:polygynous
404:hemoglobin
283:Peromyscus
181:Peromyscus
170:Neotominae
160:Cricetidae
3333:Isthmomys
3235:Onychomys
3069:R. creper
3033:R. bakeri
2875:P. furvus
2814:P. gratus
2743:P. polius
2698:P. boylii
2306:H. alleni
2240:Subgenus
2231:N. phenax
2222:Subgenus
2060:Subgenus
2033:Neotomini
1938:Baiomyini
1890:Kingdom:
1787:230507174
1771:1477-9145
1438:2376/1625
1379:204965353
1196:cite book
1136:1553-7404
1090:230507174
1074:0022-0949
903:P. boylei
608:Spilogale
581:Strigidae
579:), owls (
577:Viperidae
571:Predators
532:deciduous
501:Dispersal
491:altricial
375:nocturnal
188:Species:
116:Kingdom:
110:Eukaryota
3764:2.101416
3751:13000464
3563:Wikidata
3424:Habromys
3051:R. burti
2787:P. truei
2584:P. keeni
2319:Nelsonia
2224:Teanopus
2105:N. devia
1926:Family:
1922:Rodentia
1910:Eutheria
1904:Mammalia
1898:Chordata
1896:Phylum:
1892:Animalia
1779:33443053
1371:31663195
1273:Station.
1188:19222284
1154:17397259
1082:33443053
833:Techtalk
745:12 March
602:Mephitis
546:Microtus
445:Virginia
369:Behavior
318:Overview
297:such as
156:Family:
150:Rodentia
140:Mammalia
130:Chordata
126:Phylum:
120:Animalia
106:Domain:
83:IUCN 3.1
55:Michigan
3738:1002307
3673:2437967
3569:Q649836
3309:Podomys
2295:Hodomys
2271:Xenomys
2242:Teonoma
2062:Neotoma
2043:Neotoma
1948:Baiomys
1920:Order:
1902:Class:
1731:1882496
1656:1376123
1599:98–126.
1564:Bibcode
1526:1374020
1411:5959707
1321:1380900
1145:1839143
1033:3165063
927:1375640
811:9847363
629:coyotes
613:bobcats
567:trees.
519:Habitat
474:mammals
451:Nesting
393:cover.
354:hearing
291:carrier
222:, 1845)
176:Genus:
146:Order:
136:Class:
81: (
3816:377525
3712:180276
3657:FEIS:
3650:PERMMA
3637:311573
2479:P. eva
1785:
1777:
1769:
1755:(24).
1729:
1654:
1524:
1485:11 May
1476:
1409:
1399:Growth
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1369:
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1152:
1142:
1134:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1031:
925:
809:
802:103864
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611:sp.),
391:floral
328:rodent
287:vector
248:rodent
3829:50256
3790:86518
3777:10042
3725:16672
3699:44396
3624:4F7KP
1783:S2CID
1652:JSTOR
1522:JSTOR
1375:S2CID
1317:JSTOR
1086:S2CID
923:JSTOR
844:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
690:from
667:fungi
379:plant
350:sight
246:is a
3798:ODNR
3772:NCBI
3720:IUCN
3707:ITIS
3686:1888
3681:GISD
3668:GBIF
3660:pema
3645:EPPO
3611:8166
3606:BOLD
1775:PMID
1767:ISSN
1727:PMID
1487:2011
1474:ISBN
1407:PMID
1367:PMID
1202:link
1184:OCLC
1174:ISBN
1150:PMID
1132:ISSN
1078:PMID
1070:ISSN
1029:PMID
901:and
881:2020
807:PMID
747:2022
730:2016
657:Diet
641:and
605:and
549:and
430:are
352:and
301:and
289:and
3746:MSW
3733:MDD
3632:EoL
3619:CoL
3593:ADW
1757:doi
1753:223
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1514:doi
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1434:hdl
1357:hdl
1349:doi
1309:doi
1241:doi
1140:PMC
1122:doi
1060:doi
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