79:, which BAV attempts to correct to stabilize the patient before definitive surgery. For adult patients with aortic stenosis who need noncardiac related surgeries, BAV can be indicated to decrease the risk of the operation in certain high-risk patients. BAV has been used in adult patients who have shortness of breath and the cause is unclear between aortic stenosis or from a primary lung problem. These patients undergo BAV and if their shortness of breath improves, the cause is deemed to be likely from aortic stenosis and they can undergo AVR or TAVI to correct the aortic stenosis definitively. BAV can also be used as
168:, which is a way to categorize the severity of heart failure based on reported symptoms. The early benefits of BAV in adults typically do not last. The aortic valve becomes narrow again within months. These patients may progress to more definitive treatment such as AVR or TAVI if they are eligible and clinically stable. BAV in adults has risks and complications associated with it due to the risk of the procedure itself as well as the commonly high-risk patient population that undergoes BAV. Major bleeding,
1532:
50:
97:
Guidelines suggest performing BAV in pregnant patients with severe aortic stenosis evident by severe symptoms. Changes in blood flow and circulation during pregnancy make it more likely for complications and symptoms to arise in patients with aortic stenosis. When BAV is indicated, it is suggested to
146:
is typically used to guide the balloon catheter from the access site to the aortic valve. Different size balloons are used depending on the age of the patient. In order for the balloon to remain in the proper position while it is being inflated in the aortic valve, blood flow through the valve needs
62:
Guidelines and indications are specific to different patient populations. For adults with aortic stenosis, guidelines suggest that balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is to be used as a temporary procedure to improve blood flow through the aortic valve to alleviate symptoms and stabilize clinically
163:
After BAV in adults, it is common to have both clinical and symptomatic improvement early on. Clinically, the pressure across the aortic valve is reduced, there is increased blood flow, and the area of the aortic valve is increased due to mechanical dilation of the balloon. Many patients have a
191:
It is typical for children to require reintervention after having BAV, whether it be a repeat BAV or more definitive treatment with surgical aortic valve replacement. Many do not require surgical aortic valve replacement until later on in life, with many patients reaching adulthood before this
203:
For pregnant patients, data is lacking regarding outcomes of BAV. It is recommended that these patients requiring BAV progress to aortic valve replacement when suitable. Specific risks of performing BAV in pregnant patients include potential harm to the fetus from
192:
occurs. The outcomes are worse for neonates and infants. This is largely because earlier intervention is required in these patients due to being less clinically stable. A common complication of BAV in children is
94:. For neonates and children with congenital aortic valve stenosis, BAV is commonly the first type of procedure performed to relieve the stenosis, but is not always a definitive treatment option.
118:
Aortic valvuloplasty relies on placing a catheter with a balloon at the tip in the aortic valve, which is then inflated to widen the narrowed valve. In order to reach the aortic valve, a
42:, or narrowing of the aortic valve. It can be performed in various patient populations including fetuses, newborns, children, adults, and pregnant women. The procedure involves using a
165:
558:"Abstract 19440: Reintervention Rates Following Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty versus Surgical Valve Repair in Isolated Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis - A Meta-analysis"
155:. The blood pressure and flow across the aortic valve is monitored and repeated inflation of the balloon is sometimes needed to successfully dilate the aortic valve.
90:
involving the aortic valve to improve blood flow within the heart. It is not definitive treatment, but is performed in an attempt to prevent a condition called
771:
1480:
806:
902:
68:
1300:
890:
1175:
390:
Dall'Ara, Gianni; Tumscitz, Carlo; Grotti, Simone; Santarelli, Andrea; Balducelli, Marco; Tarantino, Fabio; Saia, Francesco (June 2021).
1425:
1101:
1006:
1306:
764:
1313:
1120:
91:
1413:
1110:
1435:
936:
1420:
1408:
1289:
1535:
757:
1060:
122:
is punctured to introduce the catheter and advance it into the aortic valve. The most common site of entry is the
1367:
1257:
1011:
801:
1554:
1446:
1430:
897:
880:
164:
reduction of the symptoms associated with severe aortic stenosis, commonly reported as an improvement of their
64:
196:, which decreases in frequency the older the child is when the procedure occurs. Other complications include
1442:
1384:
1284:
1249:
1095:
87:
1488:
1519:
1323:
1244:
1493:
1050:
863:
266:
Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Anna; Trojnarska, Olga; Grygier, Marek; Lesiak, Maciej; Grajek, Stefan (2013).
193:
173:
1372:
1350:
1036:
875:
848:
143:
17:
1355:
1268:
1264:
1210:
1205:
1146:
1067:
975:
924:
838:
653:
627:
599:
427:
205:
139:
83:
therapy to improve symptoms in patients who cannot undergo AVR or TAVI due to contraindications.
1398:
1344:
1274:
1182:
1170:
1031:
1021:
1016:
919:
870:
781:
735:
717:
673:
619:
577:
535:
527:
481:
473:
419:
411:
361:
353:
307:
289:
148:
76:
452:"Balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a bridge to aortic valve surgery for severe aortic stenosis"
1498:
1403:
1141:
1071:
1054:
986:
959:
954:
725:
707:
665:
611:
569:
517:
463:
403:
343:
297:
279:
176:, and death have been reported. Other complications reported include but are not limited to
142:
is commonly used to visualize the vessel being accessed to avoid potential complications. A
131:
43:
749:
147:
to be temporarily reduced. This is typically achieved by increasing the heart rate through
1470:
1392:
1239:
1229:
1215:
1106:
1076:
982:
811:
796:
185:
134:
is used when the procedure is performed on a fetus. There has also been success using the
99:
72:
39:
451:
391:
1377:
1362:
1158:
1135:
966:
950:
885:
730:
695:
598:
Villablanca, Pedro A.; Frisoli, Tiberio; O’Neill, William; Eng, Marvin (January 2020).
392:"Contemporary balloon aortic valvuloplasty: Changing indications and refined technique"
302:
267:
152:
127:
123:
71:(TAVI). The most common conditions that deem patients too unstable for AVR or TAVI are
556:
Saung, May T; McCracken, Courtney; Sachdeva, Ritu; Petit, Christopher J (2015-11-10).
1548:
1514:
1234:
853:
652:
Baber, Usman; Kini, Annapoorna S.; Moreno, Pedro R.; Sharma, Samin K. (August 2013).
631:
431:
135:
557:
49:
1279:
573:
107:
35:
522:
505:
330:
Maskell, Perry; Burgess, Mika; MacCarthy‐Ofosu, Beverly; Harky, Amer (May 2019).
1456:
1199:
1163:
843:
828:
615:
1451:
1318:
1223:
991:
669:
197:
181:
80:
721:
581:
531:
477:
415:
357:
293:
712:
284:
177:
739:
677:
623:
539:
485:
468:
423:
365:
311:
450:
Nwaejike, Nnamdi; Mills, Keith; Stables, Rod; Field, Mark (2015-03-01).
348:
331:
103:
407:
1115:
169:
119:
268:"Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in different age groups"
1464:
1294:
1125:
970:
785:
753:
332:"Management of aortic valve disease during pregnancy: A review"
46:
to dilate the narrowed aortic valve by inflating the balloon.
151:
or through medications that decrease blood pumping from the
200:, damage to the artery being accessed, as well as death.
34:, is a procedure used to improve blood flow through the
63:
before having more invasive procedures done, including
504:
Boskovski, Marko T.; Gleason, Thomas G. (2021-04-30).
1507:
1479:
1336:
1191:
1087:
827:
820:
506:"Current Therapeutic Options in Aortic Stenosis"
396:Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions
456:Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery
765:
8:
600:"Using the Arm for Structural Interventions"
824:
807:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
772:
758:
750:
149:electrical stimulation of the heart muscle
903:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
729:
711:
521:
467:
347:
301:
283:
946:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
48:
1046:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
217:
180:, damage to the artery being accessed,
86:BAV has been performed on fetuses with
69:transcatheter aortic valve implantation
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
241:
1176:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
915:enlargement of existing septal defect
551:
549:
499:
497:
495:
445:
443:
441:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
325:
323:
321:
272:Advances in Interventional Cardiology
239:
237:
235:
233:
231:
229:
227:
225:
223:
221:
7:
910:production of septal defect in heart
689:
687:
647:
645:
643:
641:
593:
591:
1007:transposition of the great vessels
932:creation of septal defect in heart
696:"Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis"
130:in the neck can also be used. The
32:balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV)
25:
18:Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
1307:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
604:Interventional Cardiology Clinics
1531:
1530:
1314:Left atrial appendage occlusion
694:Singh, Gautam K. (2019-05-13).
92:hypoplastic left heart syndrome
574:10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.19440
1:
1436:Radionuclide ventriculography
523:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318040
138:in the wrist to gain access.
110:needed during the procedure.
1421:Myocardial perfusion imaging
53:Balloon aortic valvuloplasty
102:to avoid harm to the fetal
1571:
1028:for univentricular defect
616:10.1016/j.iccl.2019.08.007
336:Journal of Cardiac Surgery
98:attempt to wait until the
1528:
1368:Implantable loop recorder
1012:Arterial switch operation
802:Interventional cardiology
792:
670:10.1016/j.ccl.2013.05.005
38:in conditions that cause
1447:Coronary catheterization
937:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
898:Mitral valve replacement
881:Aortic valve replacement
88:congenital heart defects
65:aortic valve replacement
1443:Cardiac catheterization
1385:Electrophysiology study
1285:Radiofrequency ablation
1250:Alcohol septal ablation
713:10.3390/children6050069
285:10.5114/pwki.2013.34029
1489:Impedance cardiography
1111:Coronary artery bypass
126:in the groin, but the
54:
1520:Transcutaneous pacing
1324:Heart transplantation
1245:Ventricular reduction
1061:Blalock–Taussig shunt
166:NYHA functional class
52:
1494:Ballistocardiography
1051:systemic circulation
510:Circulation Research
469:10.1093/icvts/ivu398
194:aortic regurgitation
174:aortic regurgitation
28:Aortic valvuloplasty
1373:Cardiac stress test
1351:Electrocardiography
1290:Pacemaker insertion
1037:Kawashima procedure
1001:compound procedures
876:Aortic valve repair
849:Mitral valve repair
1426:Cardiovascular MRI
1356:Vectorcardiography
1211:Pericardial window
1206:Pericardiocentesis
1147:Drug-eluting stent
976:Rastelli procedure
925:Balloon septostomy
658:Cardiology Clinics
349:10.1111/jocs.14039
206:radiation exposure
55:
1542:
1541:
1399:Angiocardiography
1345:Electrophysiology
1332:
1331:
1275:Catheter ablation
1258:Conduction system
1183:LeCompte maneuver
1171:Bentall procedure
1032:Norwood procedure
1022:Senning procedure
1017:Mustard procedure
920:Atrial septostomy
871:Valve replacement
654:"Aortic Stenosis"
408:10.1002/ccd.28807
77:cardiogenic shock
16:(Redirected from
1562:
1534:
1533:
1499:Cardiotocography
1467:
1431:Ventriculography
1404:Echocardiography
1395:
1347:
1263:Maze procedure (
1260:
1226:
1202:
1155:
1154:Obstacle removal
1142:Bare-metal stent
1138:
1098:
1055:pulmonary artery
1047:
1002:
987:pulmonary artery
960:Fontan procedure
955:pulmonary artery
947:
911:
825:
774:
767:
760:
751:
744:
743:
733:
715:
691:
682:
681:
649:
636:
635:
595:
586:
585:
553:
544:
543:
525:
516:(9): 1398–1417.
501:
490:
489:
471:
447:
436:
435:
387:
370:
369:
351:
327:
316:
315:
305:
287:
263:
184:, and decreased
182:heart arrythmias
132:umbilical artery
44:balloon catheter
30:, also known as
21:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:Cardiac surgery
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1524:
1503:
1475:
1471:Phonocardiogram
1463:
1393:Cardiac imaging
1391:
1343:
1328:
1256:
1240:Septal myectomy
1230:Cardiomyoplasty
1222:
1216:Pericardiectomy
1198:
1187:
1153:
1134:
1094:
1088:Cardiac vessels
1083:
1077:Glenn procedure
1045:
1000:
983:right ventricle
945:
909:
831:
816:
812:Cardiac imaging
797:Cardiac surgery
788:
778:
748:
747:
693:
692:
685:
651:
650:
639:
597:
596:
589:
555:
554:
547:
503:
502:
493:
449:
448:
439:
389:
388:
373:
329:
328:
319:
265:
264:
219:
214:
186:kidney function
161:
116:
100:third trimester
73:pulmonary edema
60:
40:aortic stenosis
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1481:Function tests
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:Bruce protocol
1370:
1365:
1363:Holter monitor
1360:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:Endarterectomy
1156:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1136:Coronary stent
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1003:
997:
996:
995:
994:
980:
979:
978:
967:left ventricle
964:
963:
962:
948:
942:
941:
940:
939:
929:
928:
927:
922:
912:
906:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
886:Ross procedure
878:
873:
868:
867:
866:
861:
851:
846:
841:
835:
833:
822:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
790:
789:
784:involving the
779:
777:
776:
769:
762:
754:
746:
745:
683:
664:(3): 327–336.
637:
587:
545:
491:
462:(3): 429–435.
437:
371:
342:(5): 239–249.
317:
216:
215:
213:
210:
160:
157:
153:left ventricle
128:carotid artery
124:femoral artery
115:
112:
59:
56:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1567:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1537:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Cardioversion
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Dor procedure
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:to the right
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
993:
990:
989:
988:
984:
981:
977:
974:
973:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
957:
956:
952:
949:
944:
943:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
908:
907:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
891:Transcatheter
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
854:Valvuloplasty
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
787:
783:
775:
770:
768:
763:
761:
756:
755:
752:
741:
737:
732:
727:
723:
719:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
688:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
592:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
500:
498:
496:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
446:
444:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:
324:
322:
318:
313:
309:
304:
299:
295:
291:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
262:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
242:
240:
238:
236:
234:
232:
230:
228:
226:
224:
222:
218:
211:
209:
207:
201:
199:
195:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
158:
156:
154:
150:
145:
141:
137:
136:radial artery
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
95:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
57:
51:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
1303:implantation
1297:implantation
1280:Cryoablation
1121:Off-pump CAB
931:
914:
858:
839:Valve repair
829:Heart valves
703:
699:
661:
657:
610:(1): 63–74.
607:
603:
565:
561:
513:
509:
459:
455:
399:
395:
339:
335:
278:(1): 61–74.
275:
271:
202:
190:
162:
120:blood vessel
117:
108:contrast dye
96:
85:
61:
58:Medical uses
36:aortic valve
31:
27:
26:
1457:Cardiac PET
1200:Pericardium
1164:Atherectomy
1102:Angioplasty
844:Valvulotomy
568:(suppl_3).
562:Circulation
1452:Cardiac CT
1319:Cardiotomy
1224:Myocardium
992:Sano shunt
782:procedures
780:Tests and
212:References
198:arrythmias
140:Ultrasound
81:palliation
832:and septa
722:2227-9067
706:(5): 69.
632:208144483
582:0009-7322
532:0009-7330
478:1569-9285
432:211476150
416:1522-1946
358:0886-0440
294:1734-9338
178:infection
114:Technique
106:from the
67:(AVR) or
1549:Category
1536:Category
1269:minimaze
1265:Cox maze
740:31086112
700:Children
678:23931097
624:31733742
540:33914604
486:25487231
424:32096927
366:30932245
312:24570692
159:Outcomes
821:Surgery
731:6560383
303:3915944
104:thyroid
1508:Pacing
1116:MIDCAB
1107:Bypass
1057:shunt
951:atrium
864:mitral
859:aortic
738:
728:
720:
676:
630:
622:
580:
538:
530:
484:
476:
430:
422:
414:
364:
356:
310:
300:
292:
170:stroke
1465:sound
1337:Tests
1295:S-ICD
1192:Other
1126:TECAB
971:aorta
786:heart
628:S2CID
428:S2CID
402:(7).
1267:and
1005:for
736:PMID
718:ISSN
674:PMID
620:PMID
578:ISSN
536:PMID
528:ISSN
482:PMID
474:ISSN
420:PMID
412:ISSN
362:PMID
354:ISSN
308:PMID
290:ISSN
144:wire
75:and
1414:TEE
1409:TTE
1301:ICD
1096:CHD
1068:SVC
1053:to
985:to
969:to
953:to
726:PMC
708:doi
666:doi
612:doi
570:doi
566:132
518:doi
514:128
464:doi
404:doi
344:doi
298:PMC
280:doi
1551::
1072:PA
734:.
724:.
716:.
702:.
698:.
686:^
672:.
662:31
660:.
656:.
640:^
626:.
618:.
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590:^
576:.
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560:.
548:^
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526:.
512:.
508:.
494:^
480:.
472:.
460:20
458:.
454:.
440:^
426:.
418:.
410:.
400:97
398:.
394:.
374:^
360:.
352:.
340:34
338:.
334:.
320:^
306:.
296:.
288:.
274:.
270:.
220:^
208:.
188:.
172:,
1445:/
1271:)
1109:/
773:e
766:t
759:v
742:.
710::
704:6
680:.
668::
634:.
614::
608:9
584:.
572::
542:.
520::
488:.
466::
434:.
406::
368:.
346::
314:.
282::
276:1
20:)
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