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Having a scientific frame of mind, he embarked on an extensive process of research and experiments in refrigeration techniques for large shipping vessels. The result was that he developed and brought in new refrigeration methods to allow for the first successful introduction of South
African fruit to
500:
newspaper, in which he also had shares, and decades later, when Jabavu's son wrote his father's biography, he dedicated it to their family friend as "...a token of thanks, for deeds of true friendship to the hero of this work." In addition, during this time he used his influence in both Africa &
531:
A final compromise saved a weak form of qualified franchise but only in the liberal Cape. Molteno, who increasingly saw even the qualified franchise as insufficiently inclusive, called the compromise "pathetic" and predicted a worsening struggle over the issue of political rights. His later letters
484:
Molteno had been acutely aware of the earliest beginnings of that tendency many years earlier, and it increasingly became his primary concern about the political future of South Africa. It also led him to intensify his support for the cause of black
African nationalist movements, and activists such
206:
From the beginning, he saw great potential in South Africa's agricultural exports. His father had undertaken the first experimental export of fruit as a young man in 1841, loading a ship with dried fruit for the
Australian market. Percy however, was keenly interested in the possibility of using the
391:
Having returned to South Africa to see what he could do to "salvage something from the wreckage" and experience first-hand where need was most urgent, Molteno traveled extensively through the war-ravaged country, setting up relief funds and even adopting war orphans. The degree of his involvement
329:
From very early on, Molteno foresaw the nature of the upcoming conflict and, through his correspondence with the leading politicians of the day, sought to warn them, and attack "official ignorance in high places of the realities in South Africa". As the war drew nearer, he threw his influence and
520:
across South Africa. It was widely known that it would inevitably result in black majority rule. However, the political predicament on the eve of Union was that it course of action was supported only by a few white liberals and black politicians in the Cape, and the overwhelming majority of the
270:
called him "a true son of the soil, and a South
African patriot I know and admire". He also remained closely involved in its politics, through his many influential family members, as well as through his friendship with nearly all of the most powerful South African politicians and businessmen.
231:
with other members of his family (particularly his brothers
William and John Molteno), he soon shared his discoveries and influenced many other shipping companies to install refrigeration chambers on their vessels. Nonetheless, in the ensuing decades, it was his two youngest brothers,
363:"What a blow to all our hopes of friendly feeling and consolidation of races has been given by the wicked attempt of foolish men, elated by the enormous gains which Africa has yielded to them - what a miserable return to have made to her for such benefits!"
639:
A very unostentatious man who despised flatterers and time-servers, he throughout his life repeatedly refused titles and honours, though his influence behind the scenes was immense. Famously, when Prime
Minister Botha initially refused to attend the
598:. He also shared his father's love of animals. This may have been one of the reasons why, though he was an excellent shot, he never joined in the hunts which were a popular pastime of the wealthy at the time. In his personal beliefs, he was an
1167:
The Life and Times of Sir John
Charles Molteno, K.C.M.G., First Premier of Cape Colony: Comprising a History of Representative Institutions and Responsible Government at the Cape and of Lord Carnarvon's Confederation Policy & of Sir Bartle
505:, their "brutal" labour laws, the practise of flogging, the morality act, discriminatory taxation (the hut tax), restricted land rights, martial law with its closing down of black African political publications, and the recommendations of the
541:
223:
accompanied him to see the cases opened, and when case after case opened in perfect condition, the relief and joy was immense. Land prices in the Cape immediately shot up, and a new economic chapter was opened for
Southern Africa.
765:
227:
At the same time, he established
Southern Africa's first fruit export organisation, with an eye to developing and controlling the Cape's agricultural exports. Although this was originally set up as a
528:, Cape Prime Minister Merriman and Molteno himself, fought a losing battle, and General Louis Botha rode the wave of white public opinion to power by publicly opposing nonracial politics.
266:
He had originally needed to move to London to oversee his vast network of international shipping lines, but he remained deeply attached to southern Africa. His close friend the activist
274:
He was a prolific letter-writer who corresponded with many of the leading political figures of the colony. His writings and politics were guided by two main themes: his advocacy of
610:
magazine where he intended writers to present articles on controversial issues of the time that were based on reason, evidence and ethics, rather than on emotion and nationalism.
184:, and practising law in the Cape for several years, he moved to Britain to accept a partnership in the firm of Donald Currie & Company, managers of the Castle (later, the
556:
led to his disillusionment with South
African politics and his increasing devotion to humanitarian issues such as the Vienna Emergency Relief Fund, which he started in 1919.
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393:
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predominantly-white electorate across Southern Africa was strongly opposed to that outcome. Besides, the British government was inclined to support the opposition.
575:
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Molteno saw the upcoming union as politically inevitable and not necessarily a bad thing. He had, after all, been advocating the ending of animosities between
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and John X. Merriman), and he severed business relations with Rhodes and other prominent figures, whom he saw as instigators. He was also a chairman of the
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Molteno's family was originally Italian and, throughout his life, he visited Italy for extended periods. He was, particularly, attached to the island of
429:
256:
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to allow South African produce to be successfully shipped to the enormous European consumer markets, thereby opening them up for South African exports.
117:(12 September 1861 – 19 September 1937) was an Edinburgh-born South African lawyer, company director, politician and philanthropist who was a British
618:
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to Botha and Merriman (1914) warn of history repeating itself in "poor South Africa" and of approaching troubles to which he could see no end.
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388:, Molteno withdrew from the shipping trade and devoted both himself and his remaining fortune to postwar humanitarian efforts in South Africa.
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to discuss Union, it was a personal and undisclosed cable from Molteno that brought Botha to London in a cooperative frame of mind.
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P.A. Molteno (1914): Letter dated 13 February 1914. Edited by J.W.E. van de Poel. South African Library: The Merriman Papers.
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586:(he designed the hydro-electric power station at Glen Lyon), but he had a passion for Biology and was a keen student of
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in 1910. He was also the adviser and confidant of a number of leading South African statesmen during this process.
149:
564:
567:. In addition, he later offered his name and international network of connections to assist Dube and his cause.
641:
513:
356:
465:, regardless of which European ethnic groups they descended from, in a common policy of politically excluding
282:. Those views made him a divisive figure both inside and outside the Liberal Party, of which he was a member:
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1253:
433:
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144:. His father named him in honour of his old friend and business colleague, Percy John Alport. He attended
496:, and had worked with Percy from the time of the Boer War. Molteno was particularly involved in Jabavu's
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In South Africa, he publicly supported and donated large sums of money to the fundraising activities of
549:
486:
451:
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reports fearing that his windows would be smashed if word got out that Molteno was present at his club.
1201:
Apples of the sun : being an account of the lives, vision and achievements of the Molteno brothers
823:
Apples of the sun : being an account of the lives, vision and achievements of the Molteno brothers
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in 1906, and soon used his increased parliamentary influence in the direction of the granting of full
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from Southern Africa, eventually, through these shipping lines, controlling the routes of the bulk of
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Finally, when war broke out, he took his place in the heart of British society as openly "Pro-Boer".
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European and other overseas markets. On 31 January 1892, when the first shipment arrived in Britain,
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against the Boers, he also continued the work that he had started during the height of the war with
371:
Molteno was prominent in condemning the British forces' use of 'scorched earth' tactics against the
591:
517:
409:
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and, in his later life, he spent more time there. He died in 1937 at the age of 76, on a trip to
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Not surprisingly the effects of such political activism on his business empire were devastating.
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wrote to him in 1902, "You seem to spend yourself body, soul and fortune as if the war lay on
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267:
185:
854:
Fruit and Food Technology Research Institute, Stellenbosch: Information Bulletin no.22.(1971)
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633:
335:
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148:(Bishops), took first place in the Cape matric examination and achieved academic honours at
145:
98:
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as John Tengo Jabavu. Jabavu was a political ally and old friend of his brothers, the Cape
416:, exposing the atrocities and setting up institutions for the rehabilitation of survivors.
595:
489:
385:
200:
153:
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Hedge of Wild Almonds: South Africa, the Pro-Boers & the Quaker Conscience, 1890-1910
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502:
413:
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239:
He is consequently regarded as the pioneer of the South African export fruit industry.
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and Boers for years. However, he was deeply concerned about the movement to unite all
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Dutton, David (2022). "A Liberal for All Seasons? Percy Alport Molteno, 1861-1937".
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As chairman of the Union Castle Company he oversaw a massive expansion in export
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477:
367:
220:
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Southern Africa in the late 1800s; with the Cape Colony coloured blue, and the
247:
617:, chairman of the South African Real Estate Corporation, and a founder of the
293:
255:
Molteno was elected in 1906 as a Liberal Member of the UK Parliament (MP) for
94:
680:
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Molteno was a rationalist and a great supporter of scientific endeavour (The
330:
fortune behind the minority "peace party" (which now included his colleagues
622:
603:
560:
553:
236:, who eventually took over most of southern Africa's export fruit industry.
228:
181:
540:
1076:
The First President: A Life of John L. Dube, Founding President of the ANC
931:
The South Africa Conciliaton Committee, list of names and addresses (1899)
744:(2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 535.
446:, educator and activist, was a close friend and political ally of Molteno.
525:
279:
1230:
599:
713:"Selections from the correspondence of Percy Alport Molteno 1892-1914"
480:, Boer war hero and first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa.
652:
648:
326:
regarding Southern Africa, and the earliest signs of the coming war.
1120:
Selections from the correspondence of Percy Alport Molteno 1892-1914
582:
in 1921). His scientific work was primarily with refrigeration and
310:
In the early 1890s, the rise of pro-imperialist politicians such as
1101:
Mrs F.C. Selous (25 September 1937). "A True Son of South Africa".
286:
once refused to attend a dinner if they were sitting together, and
989:
Selections from the correspondence of John X. Merriman, 1905-1924.
891:
Selections from the correspondence of John X. Merriman, 1905-1924.
539:
471:
438:
366:
298:
292:
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171:
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http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/uploads/47-Summer%25202005.pdf
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described him "acutely intelligent" and unusually open-minded.
140:
immigrant to South Africa who later served as the Cape's first
675:(113: Winter 2021-22). Liberal Democrat History Group: 24–38.
1043:. Archives Year Book for South African History, 1969, Vol II.
512:
Molteno supported the extension of the Cape's multiracial "
865:"The Deciduous fruit industry in South Africa - MyFundi"
571:
was another African nationalist to receive his support.
450:
He was deeply involved in the process leading up to the
176:
Union-Castle liners in Cape Town harbour. Early 1900s.
1155:
The South African Crisis: A Plain Statement of Facts
259:, where he came to represent a radical wing of the
90:
80:
70:
56:
39:
34:
18:
1041:The Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope, 1872-1910
1089:Sol Plaatje, South African nationalist, 1876-1932
1056:. The South African Historical Journal. Nov 1975.
132:Molteno was born in Edinburgh, the second son of
991:South Africa: Van Riebeeck Society, 1969. p.164.
893:South Africa: Van Riebeeck Society, 1969. p.132.
742:British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918
732:
730:
524:Thus, supporters of universal franchise, led by
322:heralded a change in the foreign policy of the
548:Developments after the Union like the rise of
8:
1236:contributions in Parliament by Percy Molteno
933:. National Press Agency, London. SACC. 1899.
1189:. The Liberal Publication Department, 1907.
1240:
1028:The Unification of South Africa, 1902-1910
436:to the "ex-Republics" in southern Africa.
26:
15:
619:Royal Institute of International Affairs
1143:. Sampson Low, Marston & Co, 1896.
786:. James Currey Publishers:London, 1989.
663:
392:surprised even his fellow liberals; as
706:
704:
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700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
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501:London to attack the pass laws in the
7:
1351:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1054:Merriman as last Cape Prime Minister
717:Historical Publications South Africa
711:Vivian Solomon, ed. (24 July 1981).
766:"Molteno, Percy Alport (MLTN881PA)"
340:South Africa Conciliation Committee
1346:British businesspeople in shipping
1203:. Vlaeberg: Fernwood Press, 1999.
825:. Vlaeberg: Fernwood Press, 1999.
799:. Cape Town: PPECB, 2003. p.21-27.
723:from the original on 2 April 2019.
278:and his staunch opposition to the
14:
1336:British people of Italian descent
944:The British pro-Boers, 1877-1902.
810:Union-Castle Chronicle: 1853-1953
400:conscience alone". Furious about
1245:Parliament of the United Kingdom
536:Later life and humanitarian work
1221:Works by or about Percy Molteno
1171:London: Smith, Elder & Co.
845:. Cape Town: PPECB, 2003. p.14.
602:(though he preferred the term "
565:African National Congress (ANC)
1157:. S.A.C.C. Publications, 1899.
1122:. Van Riebeeck Society, 1981.
1017:. South Africa: Lovedale. 1922
1:
1015:The Life of John Tengo Jabavu
1002:Jabavu and the Anglo-Boer War
912:. London: Gassell and Company
812:. Longmans Green, 1953. p.314
1196:. R. Cobden-Sanderson, 1925.
1078:. Jacana Media, 2011. p.153.
1004:. South Africa: Kleio, 1970.
613:He was also a fellow of the
424:Molteno entered the British
188:) Line and even married Sir
1356:Members of the Inner Temple
1194:The Proposed Guarantee Pact
770:A Cambridge Alumni Database
615:Royal Horticultural Society
544:Percy Molteno in later life
384:In the years following the
1382:
1366:Politicians from Edinburgh
1316:Scottish Liberal Party MPs
772:. University of Cambridge.
673:Journal of Liberal History
306:Opposition to the Boer War
150:Trinity College, Cambridge
1277:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1187:A plea for Small-holdings
1136:. N.p. London. 1892.
1091:. Heinemann, 1984. p.186.
946:South Africa: Tafelberg.
632:In person, family friend
507:Native Affairs Commission
108:
25:
1134:The Export of Cape Fruit
642:1907 Imperial Conference
514:Cape Qualified Franchise
234:Edward and Harry Molteno
124:(MP) from 1906 to 1918.
1341:British philanthropists
1254:William Herries Maxwell
192:'s daughter Elizabeth.
1141:A Federal South Africa
987:Phyllis Lewsen (ed.).
942:Davey, Arthur (1978).
889:Phyllis Lewsen (ed.).
545:
481:
459:British South Africans
447:
434:Responsible Government
420:Movement towards union
380:Postwar reconstruction
376:
302:
276:responsible government
252:
251:Molteno as a young man
180:After qualifying as a
177:
1162:Molteno, Percy Alport
967:to Molteno, 23.8.1902
909:Chapters from my Life
578:was his endowment to
550:Afrikaner nationalism
543:
487:Members of Parliament
475:
452:Union of South Africa
442:
370:
296:
261:British Liberal Party
250:
175:
1261:Member of Parliament
580:Cambridge University
467:black South Africans
463:white South Africans
122:Member of Parliament
115:Percy Alport Molteno
843:160 Years of Export
797:160 Years of Export
606:") and founded the
518:universal franchise
516:" into a system of
410:concentration camps
351:In 1896, after the
66:Zurich, Switzerland
52:Edinburgh, Scotland
1311:Cape Colony people
965:Catherine Courtney
546:
498:"Imvo Zabantsundu"
482:
448:
428:as the Member for
394:Catherine Courtney
377:
355:, he wrote to the
332:"Onze Jan" Hofmeyr
316:Joseph Chamberlain
303:
288:Henry Simpson Lunn
253:
203:'s foreign trade.
178:
1287:
1286:
1278:Succeeded by
1178:978-1-277-74131-5
1039:M.A. Grundlingh:
584:hydro-electricity
576:Molteno Institute
444:John Tengo Jabavu
357:William Schreiner
284:Winston Churchill
268:John Tengo Jabavu
154:called to the bar
112:
111:
60:19 September 1937
50:12 September 1861
1373:
1331:UK MPs 1910–1918
1321:UK MPs 1906–1910
1251:Preceded by
1241:
1225:Internet Archive
1182:
1118:Vivian Solomon:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1074:Heather Hughes:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1052:Phyllis Lewsen:
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1044:
1037:
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985:
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928:
922:
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894:
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867:. Archived from
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833:
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773:
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685:
684:
668:
634:Frederick Selous
627:Baron Rothschild
621:, together with
426:House of Commons
336:Jacobus W. Sauer
243:Political career
217:John X. Merriman
168:Shipping magnate
146:Diocesan College
99:Shipping magnate
63:
49:
47:
35:Personal details
30:
16:
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1113:Further reading
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1060:
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1034:
1030:. Oxford, 1960.
1026:L.M. Thompson:
1025:
1021:
1013:D.D.T. Jabavu:
1012:
1008:
1000:L.D. Ngcongco:
999:
995:
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958:
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871:on 15 July 2012
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738:Craig, F. W. S.
736:
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596:Herbert Spencer
563:and the infant
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308:
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221:Cape Government
207:new science of
201:southern Africa
170:
152:, before being
130:
81:Political party
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61:
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1215:External links
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62:(1937-09-19)
1326:UK MPs 1910
1306:1937 deaths
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1234:1803–2005:
904:Lunn, Henry
808:Murray, M:
569:Sol Plaatje
478:Louis Botha
375:guerrillas.
164:in London.
71:Nationality
1295:Categories
1168:Frere's...
916:15 October
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128:Early life
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46:1861-09-12
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158:barrister
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